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Khoshakhlagh AH, Sulaie SA, Yazdanirad S, Orr RM, Laal F. Relationships between job stress, post-traumatic stress and musculoskeletal symptoms in firefighters and the role of job burnout and depression mediators: a bayesian network model. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:468. [PMID: 38355498 PMCID: PMC10868075 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17911-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Job stress, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and negative psychological outcomes in firefighters can be caused, or aggravated, by their work. These mental disorders can impart musculoskeletal symptoms. This study aimed to investigate relationships between musculoskeletal and psychological disorders in a population of firefighters using a Bayesian network model. METHODS This cross-sectional study, conducted in 2022, included 2339 firefighters who completed questionnaires during their rest periods. The questionnaires comprised of demographical information, the Occupational Stress Questionnaire-HSE, the PTSD Checklist, Maslach Burnout Inventory, Center for Epidemiologic Studies - Depression scale (CES-D), and Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. GeNIe academic software was used to analyze the Bayesian network. RESULTS High job stress and high PTSD each increased the probability of musculoskeletal symptoms by 34%. When combined, high job stress and high PTSD increased the probability of musculoskeletal symptoms by 37%. Among the mediator's burnout and depression, depression had the highest association with musculoskeletal symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Job stress and PTSD can increase musculoskeletal symptoms and are influenced by psychological mediators (like burnout and depression). Adopting preventive and therapeutic measures to mitigate job stress and PTSD, mitigate and rehabilitate WMSD, and manage associated mediators are critical for the mental and physical health of firefighters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Khoshakhlagh
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Saleh Al Sulaie
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering and Computers in Al-Qunfudah , Umm Al- Qura University, 21955, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeid Yazdanirad
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
- School of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Robin Marc Orr
- Tactical Research Unit, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Fereydoon Laal
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Social Determinants of Health Research Center , Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
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Teixeira J, Bessa MJ, Delerue-Matos C, Sarmento B, Santos-Silva A, Rodrigues F, Oliveira M. Firefighters' personal exposure to gaseous PAHs during controlled forest fires: A case study with estimation of respiratory health risks and in vitro toxicity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168364. [PMID: 37963534 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Firefighters are daily exposed to adverse health-hazardous pollutants. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), well known endocrine disruptors with carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic properties, are among the most relevant pollutants. The characterization of firefighters' occupational exposure to airborne PAHs remains limited; information is scarce for European firefighters. Also, the in vitro assessment of firefighters' respiratory health risks is inexistent. To reply to these scientific gaps, this work characterizes the levels of gaseous PAH in firefighters' personal air during regular working activities at controlled forest fires and at fire stations (control group). Breathable levels were 2.2-26.7 times higher during fire events than in the control group (2.63-32.63 μg/m3versus 1.22 μg/m3, p < 0.001); the available occupational guidelines (100 and 200 μg/m3 defined by the US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and the North American Occupational Safety and Health Administration, respectively) were not exceeded. Concentrations of (possible/probable) carcinogenic PAHs were 1.9-15.3 times superior during firefighting (p < 0.001). Increased values of total benzo(a)pyrene equivalents (p = 0.101), dose rates (p < 0.001), and carcinogenic risks (p = 0.063) were estimated in firefighters during controlled fires comparatively with the control group. Firefighters' breathable gaseous phase collected during fire events contributed to induce a significant viability decrease (<70 %; p < 0.05) in A549 and Calu-3 cell lines. The principal component analysis (PCA) allowed the differentiation between firefighters participating in controlled fire events from the control group. PCA analysis demonstrated the potential of PAHs to distinguish different sources of firefighters´ occupational exposure and of combining estimated health risk parameters with in vitro toxicities determined with human-breathable air collected during real-life scenarios. Overall, the participation in controlled fire events contributes to the respiratory health burden of firefighting forces. However, more studies are needed to corroborate these preliminary findings, explore the respiratory toxicological mechanisms, and support the implementation of preventive actions and mitigation strategies to pursue firefighters' health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Teixeira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; REQUIMTE/UCIBIO, Unidade de Ciências Biomoleculares Aplicadas, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria João Bessa
- UNIPRO - Unidade de Investigação em Patologia e Reabilitação Oral, Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- UNIPRO - Unidade de Investigação em Patologia e Reabilitação Oral, Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alice Santos-Silva
- REQUIMTE/UCIBIO, Unidade de Ciências Biomoleculares Aplicadas, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Laboratório Associado i4HB, Instituto para a Saúde e a Bioeconomia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisca Rodrigues
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Oliveira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal.
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Hao N, Bai X, Hu A, Zhao G, Chen Y, Zhao J, Ling Q, Li X, Cai C, Wang Q, Wang Z, Fang J. Assessing the Global, Regional, and National Impact of High Body Mass Index on Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias Between 1990 and 2019. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 97:293-307. [PMID: 38043013 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity significantly increases Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia risk. Understanding the link between a high body mass index (BMI) and these conditions is crucial for effective management and prevention. OBJECTIVE We aimed to estimate the burden of AD and other dementias attributed to high BMI from 1990 to 2019 based on sex, age, and socio-demographic indicators (SDI) at global, regional, and national levels. METHODS We collected data on deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR), and age-standardized DALY rates (ASDR) from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease study for AD and dementia attributed to high BMI. We explored the correlation between SDI levels and ASDR. RESULTS In 2019, there were 198,476.2 deaths (95% UI: 32,695.4-593,366.4) and 3,159,912.4 DALYs (848,330.5-8,042,531) attributed to high BMI. Numbers of deaths, DALYs, ASMR, and ASDR increased since 1990. Females had higher deaths, ASMR, and ASDR than males. Mortality and DALYs rates increased with age. ASMR and ASDR increased across five SDI levels, with the highest rise in Low-middle SDI. High-income North America had the most deaths [30,993.9 (5,101.7-89,912.9)], while North Africa and the Middle East had the highest ASMR [4.61 (0.79-13.64)] and ASDR [72.56 (20.98-181.16)] in 2019. CONCLUSIONS The burden of AD and other dementias attributed to high BMI increased since 1990 globally and is still heaviest in developed regions. Females accounted predominantly for the burden than males. Timely measures are needed to against high BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Hao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xue Bai
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - An Hu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Gaofeng Zhao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yansheng Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianhe Zhao
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiong Ling
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuipu Cai
- College of Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiansong Fang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Zhang X, Huangfu Z, Wang S. No association effect of genetic polymorphism was observed between polycystic ovary syndrome and cardiovascular diseases risk: a mendelian randomization study. Endocrine 2023; 82:695-706. [PMID: 37668928 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03467-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, the possible association between PCOS and common CVDs remains inconclusive. The aim of this study was to explore the potential relationship between PCOS and CVDs using genetic polymorphisms. METHODS We conducted two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. In our study, 14 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Europeans and another 13 SNPs in Asians were applied as instrumental variables for PCOS. The largest published meta-genome-wide association studies of European ancestry and the BioBank Japan Project of Asian ancestry were used to collect the outcome data. MR analysis was performed using inverse variance weighting as the primary method. Several sensitivity analyses and instrumental variable strength evaluations were also performed to verify the reliability of results. RESULTS Our analysis revealed that any potential causal association between genetically-predicted PCOS and the risk of CVDs do not exist. These CVDs include peripheral artery disease, atrial fibrillation, arrhythmia, cardiovascular diseases, heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, hypertension, ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction and venous thromboembolisms. Associations could not be found even after the SNPs linked to these possible confounders (body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and serum testosterone) were deleted. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated no presence of horizontal pleiotropy or heterogeneity. CONCLUSION The present mendelian randomization study suggests that genetically-predicted PCOS may not be associated with the risk of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
- Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Huangfu
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaowei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China.
- Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China.
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Beckett A, Scott JR, Chater AM, Ferrandino L, Aldous JWF. The Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Firefighters: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6814. [PMID: 37835084 PMCID: PMC10572458 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20196814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies consistently report a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among firefighters. However, the clustering of CVD risk factors, defined as metabolic syndrome (MetSyn), has received little attention by comparison. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the pooled prevalence of MetSyn among firefighters. Using combinations of free text for 'firefighter' and 'metabolic syndrome', databases were searched for eligible studies. Meta-analyses calculated weighted pooled prevalence estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for MetSyn, its components and overweight/obesity. Univariate meta-regression was performed to explore sources of heterogeneity. Of 1440 articles screened, 25 studies were included in the final analysis. The pooled prevalence of MetSyn in 31,309 firefighters was 22.3% (95% CI: 17.7-27.0%). The prevalences of MetSyn components were hypertension: 39.1%; abdominal obesity: 37.9%; hypertriglyceridemia: 30.2%; dyslipidemia: 30.1%; and hyperglycemia: 21.1%. Overweight and obesity prevalence rates in firefighters were 44.1% and 35.6%, respectively. Meta-regression revealed that decreased risk of bias (RoB) score and increased body mass index (BMI) were positively associated with an increase in MetSyn prevalence. Since one in five firefighters may meet the criteria for MetSyn, novel interventions should be explored to both prevent MetSyn and reduce the onset of CVD risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Beckett
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research (ISPAR), University of Bedfordshire, Bedford MK41 9EA, UK; (J.R.S.); (A.M.C.); (L.F.); (J.W.F.A.)
| | - Jake Riley Scott
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research (ISPAR), University of Bedfordshire, Bedford MK41 9EA, UK; (J.R.S.); (A.M.C.); (L.F.); (J.W.F.A.)
| | - Angel Marie Chater
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research (ISPAR), University of Bedfordshire, Bedford MK41 9EA, UK; (J.R.S.); (A.M.C.); (L.F.); (J.W.F.A.)
- Centre for Behaviour Change (CBC), University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Louise Ferrandino
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research (ISPAR), University of Bedfordshire, Bedford MK41 9EA, UK; (J.R.S.); (A.M.C.); (L.F.); (J.W.F.A.)
| | - Jeffrey William Frederick Aldous
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research (ISPAR), University of Bedfordshire, Bedford MK41 9EA, UK; (J.R.S.); (A.M.C.); (L.F.); (J.W.F.A.)
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Cho EJ, Hong J, Hyun J, Lee W, Kim HS, Chun S, Min WK. Usefulness and performance evaluation of serum KL-6 and SP-A assays in healthy individuals and patients with interstitial lung disease. Clin Biochem 2023:110609. [PMID: 37414329 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2023.110609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs) are associated with the risk of progression to interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). Krebs von den Lungen 6 (KL-6) and surfactant protein (SP)-A have been used as biomarkers of ILDs. In this study, we evaluated the levels of these biomarkers and identified their clinical correlations in healthy individuals to assess their usefulness in the diagnosis of ILAs. METHODS The patient samples were categorized into three groups: healthy, disease, and ILD groups. We used the automated immunoassay HISCL KL-6 and SP-A assay kits. The analytical performance evaluation involved precision, linearity, comparison, establishment of reference intervals, and determination of the cutoff points. We also analyzed the correlations between presence of abnormalities on chest radiography and computed tomography (CT) or pulmonary function test (PFT) and serum levels in the healthy group. RESULTS KL-6 and SP-A assays showed good analytical performance. The KL-6 and SP-A cutoff values were 304 U/mL and 43.5 ng/mL between the ILD and healthy groups, respectively, which were lower than the values recommended by the manufacturer. In the clinical correlations with radiological findings, SP-A values in subjects with lung abnormalities on CT scans were significantly higher than those in normal scans. There was no significant difference in KL-6 and SP-A levels among PFT patterns; however, both serum levels in the mixed pattern showed higher values than those in the other patterns. CONCLUSIONS The results revealed a positive association between increased serum levels of SP-A and KL-6 and clinical characteristics as incidental findings on chest imaging and reduced lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong, Korea
| | - Jinyoung Hong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jungwon Hyun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong, Korea
| | - Woochang Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong, Korea
| | - Sail Chun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Won-Ki Min
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Ras J, Smith DL, Soteriades ES, Kengne AP, Leach L. Association between Physical Fitness and Cardiovascular Health in Firefighters. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5930. [PMID: 37297534 PMCID: PMC10252711 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20115930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Firefighters perform strenuous work in dangerous and unpredictable environments requiring optimal physical conditioning. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between physical fitness and cardiovascular health (CVH) in firefighters. This cross-sectional study systematically recruited 309 full-time male and female firefighters between the ages of 20 to 65 years in Cape Town, South Africa. Physical fitness was assessed using absolute (abV̇O2max) and relative oxygen consumption (relVO2max), grip and leg strength, push-ups and sit-ups, sit-and-reach for flexibility and lean body mass (LBM). CVH encompassed age, smoking, blood pressure (BP), blood glucose, lipid profile, body mass index, body fat percentage (BF%), and waist circumference. Linear regressions and logistic regressions were applied. Multivariable analysis indicated that relVO2max was associated with systolic BP (p < 0.001), diastolic BP (p < 0.001), non-fasting blood glucose (p < 0.001), and total cholesterol (p = 0.037). Poor CVH index was negatively associated with relV̇O2max (p < 0.001), leg strength (p = 0.019), and push-ups (p = 0.012). Furthermore, age was inversely associated with V̇O2max (p < 0.001), push-up and sit-up capacity (p < 0.001), and sit-and-reach (p < 0.001). BF% was negatively associated with abV̇O2max (p < 0.001), grip and leg strength (p < 0.001), push-ups (p = 0.008), sit-ups (p < 0.001), and LBM (p < 0.001). Cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and muscular endurance were significantly associated with a better overall CVH profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaron Ras
- Department of Sport, Recreation and Exercise Science, Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa;
| | - Denise L. Smith
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA;
| | - Elpidoforos S. Soteriades
- Healthcare Management Program, School of Economics and Management, Open University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2220, Cyprus;
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology (EOME), Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andre P. Kengne
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7505, South Africa;
| | - Lloyd Leach
- Department of Sport, Recreation and Exercise Science, Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa;
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Alizadeh R, Salehi O, Rezaeinezhad N, Hosseini SA. The effect of high intensity interval training with genistein supplementation on mitochondrial function in the heart tissue of elderly rats. Exp Gerontol 2023; 171:112039. [PMID: 36442700 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.112039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION For the most part, heart disease increases with age; on the other hand, although the role of exercise and antioxidants in the health of the elderly has been reported, the simultaneous effect of these two interventions is a new research topic. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) and genistein (G) supplementation on oxidative stress, apoptosis and mitochondrial biogenesis in the heart tissue of elderly rats. METHODS In this experimental study, 40 elderly female Sprague-Dawley rats aged 20 ± 2 months and weighing 250 ± 30 g were randomly divided into five groups of eight animals, including: (1) control (C), (2) sham (Sh), (3) HIIT, (4) HIIT + G and (5) G. Also, to evaluate the effect of time passage on the variables, 8 healthy young rats were included in the healthy young control group. HIIT protocol was performed for eight weeks, three sessions with an intensity of 95-90 % VO2max at high intensity intervals and 45-45 % VO2max at low intensity intervals. Ge was received daily at a dose of 60 mg/kg peritoneally. Data analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test (P ≤ 0.05). RESULTS In the HIIT and HIIT + G groups, levels of Bax, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, MDA, PAB, GSSG were lower and levels of PGC-1α, TFAM, GSH, GSH/GSSG ratio and NDUFS7 were higher than the control and sham groups (P ≤ 0.05). In the HIIT + G group, levels of Bcl-2 were significantly higher than the control group (P ≤ 0.05). In the HIIT + G group, levels of Bax, GSSG, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and PAB were lower, and levels of GSH/GSSG ratio, Bcl-2, PGC-1α, TFAM and NDUFS7 were higher than the G consumption group (P ≤ 0.05). In the HIIT + G group, levels of PGC-1α and TFAM were significantly higher and levels of MDA and PAB were lower than the HIIT group (P ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION Both HIIT and G consumption seem to have beneficial effects on reducing oxidative stress; in addition, the interaction of these two variables on the improvement of apoptosis and mitochondrial biogenesis is more favorable than the effect of either one alone. However, more studies are needed on different pathways of apoptosis following G administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rostam Alizadeh
- Department of Sports Science, School of Literature and Humanities, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran.
| | - Omidreza Salehi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Ali Hosseini
- Department of Sport Physiology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran.
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Xiang H, Yang R, Tu J, Guan X, Tao X. Health Impacts of High BMI in China: Terrible Present and Future. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192316173. [PMID: 36498245 PMCID: PMC9739093 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Temporal trends and future expectations of health effects due to high body mass index (BMI) remain uncertain in China. The trends of high-BMI-related death in China were evaluated and predicted until 2040 using data and methods from the Global Burden of Disease study. The absolute numbers and age-standardized rates of death and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were also calculated by age, gender, and cause. From 1990 to 2019, the high-BMI-related death percent, number and rate were all significantly increased in China, and death rate may exceed that globally in the next 10 years. High BMI caused more deaths and DALYs for men than for women, and the gap appeared to increase over time. In 2019, the burden of high BMI among ages 0−14 and 15−19 for children and adolescents were lower than that among adults (>20 years). The most common cause of death associated with high BMI was stroke, followed by ischemic heart disease and hypertensive heart disease. High BMI burden is a significant public health challenges in China. BMI surveillance and evaluation of evidence-based preventive strategies should be immediately initiated in Chinese residents due to the rapid increase in the burden of high BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xiang
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Runjuan Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Jiaxin Tu
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Xi Guan
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Xufeng Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
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Firefighters With Higher Cardiorespiratory Fitness Demonstrate Lower Markers of Cardiovascular Disease Risk. J Occup Environ Med 2022; 64:1036-1040. [PMID: 35902372 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with reduced markers of oxidative stress and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors; however, this relationship has not been elucidated in firefighters. The purpose of this study was to examine differences in markers of CVD risk between firefighters who have either high or low levels of CRF. METHODS Forty-six firefighters participated in a maximal graded exercise test and a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan and provided a fasted blood sample. V˙O 2max values were categorized based on American College of Sports Medicine guidelines to establish high- and low-fitness groups. RESULTS High fitness firefighters demonstrated significantly higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and lower markers of CVD risk: cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, insulin, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, C-reactive protein, and advanced oxidation protein products concentrations. CONCLUSION Firefighters are encouraged to maintain high CRF to reduce risk of CVD.
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Ras J, Smith DL, Soteriades ES, Kengne AP, Leach L. A Pilot Study on the Relationship between Cardiovascular Health, Musculoskeletal Health, Physical Fitness and Occupational Performance in Firefighters. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2022; 12:1703-1718. [PMID: 36421326 PMCID: PMC9689559 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe12110120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Firefighters’ face life threatening situations and are frequently exposed to numerous physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial hazards. The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the feasibility of conducting a large-scale study on cardiovascular and musculoskeletal health, physical fitness and occupational performance of firefighters. We conducted a cross-sectional pilot study by recruiting 36 firefighters. A researcher-generated questionnaire and physical measures were used to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal health, physical fitness and occupational performance using a physical ability test (PAT). We documented a high equipment and intra-assessor reliability (r > 0.9). The potential logistic and/or administrative obstacles in the context of a larger study were discerned. Data were successfully retrieved using available equipment and survey instruments. Hypertension (30.6%) dyslipidaemia (33.3%), obesity (36.1%) and physical inactivity (66.7%) were the most prevalent cardiovascular disease risk factors. A significant difference between genders in total PAT completion time was also seen (p < 0.001). Cardiorespiratory fitness, lean body mass, grip strength and leg strength were significantly associated with occupational performance (p < 0.001). The pilot study supports the larger study feasibility and verified equipment and assessors’ reliability for research. Cardiovascular health, musculoskeletal health and physical fitness may be related to PAT performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaron Ras
- Department of Sport, Recreation and Exercise Science, Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
- Correspondence:
| | - Denise L. Smith
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York, NY 12866, USA
| | - Elpidoforos S. Soteriades
- Healthcare Management Program, School of Economics and Management, Open University of Cyprus, 2200 Nicosia, Cyprus
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology (EOME), Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02138, USA
| | - Andre P. Kengne
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7500, South Africa
| | - Lloyd Leach
- Department of Sport, Recreation and Exercise Science, Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
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Nguyen N, Morisseau C, Li D, Yang J, Lam E, Woodside DB, Hammock BD, Shih PAB. Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Is Associated with Postprandial Anxiety Decrease in Healthy Adult Women. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911798. [PMID: 36233100 PMCID: PMC9569757 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolism of bioactive oxylipins by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) plays an important role in inflammation, and sEH may be a risk modifier in various human diseases and disorders. The relationships that sEH has with the risk factors of these diseases remain elusive. Herein, sEH protein expression and activity in white blood cells were characterized before and after a high-fat meal in healthy women (HW) and women with anorexia nervosa (AN). sEH expression and sEH activity were significantly correlated and increased in both groups two hours after consumption of the study meal. Fasting sEH expression and activity were positively associated with body mass index (BMI) in both groups, while an inverse association with age was found in AN only (p value < 0.05). sEH was not associated with anxiety or depression in either group at the fasting timepoint. While the anxiety score decreased after eating in both groups, a higher fasting sEH was associated with a lower postprandial anxiety decrease in HW (p value < 0.05). sEH characterization using direct measurements verified the relationship between the protein expression and in vivo activity of this important oxylipin modulator, while a well-controlled food challenge study design using HW and a clinical control group of women with disordered eating elucidated sEH’s role in the health of adult women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhien Nguyen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Dongyang Li
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Eileen Lam
- Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - D. Blake Woodside
- Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Pei-an Betty Shih
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-858-534-0828
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Mathias KC, Wu Y, Stewart DF, Smith DL. Differences in 5-year weight change between younger and older US firefighters. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1215. [PMID: 34167503 PMCID: PMC8228907 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11266-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research consistently finds that, on average, firefighters gain weight over time and some data indicate that younger firefighters are more likely to gain weight than older firefighters. The purpose of this study was to estimate the 5-year weight change among younger and older US firefighters. METHODS Data from two occupational medical exams separated by 5 years (2009-2016) were examined from a cohort of US career firefighters in Virginia (males, n = 589; females, n = 67). The cohort was grouped into two age categories (< 45 years and ≥ 45 years). Weight change subgroups were Loss (decrease of > 3% body weight), Stable (within ±3% body weight) and Gain (increase of > 3% body weight). Multinomial logistic regression models and linear regression models were conducted to examine differences in the probability of being in a particular weight change category, weight change overall and by weight change category between younger and older firefighters. RESULTS At baseline, 25 and 35% of younger (< 45 years) and older (≥ 45 years) were obese, respectively. Younger firefighters gained significantly (P < 0.05) more weight (3.0 ± 0.2 kg) than older firefighters (0.8 ± 0.5 kg). Younger firefighters were more likely to gain weight (53% versus 39%) and less likely (10% versus 20%) to lose weight as compared to older firefighters. Smaller weight gains were associated with age and BMI with the smallest increases observed in overweight and obese firefighters ≥45 years of age. CONCLUSIONS Health care providers should be attentive to weight gain, even among young non-obese firefighters, and counsel firefighters to avoid the additive risks of being older and heavier. In addition, weight loss/management programs should be promoted in the fire service to encourage healthy body weight and to prevent unhealthy weight gain among both young and old firefighters alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C Mathias
- Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, 815 North Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY, 12866, USA
| | - Yuchen Wu
- Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, 815 North Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY, 12866, USA
| | - Donald F Stewart
- Public Safety Occupational Health Center, 12099 Government Center Parkway, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Denise L Smith
- Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, 815 North Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY, 12866, USA. .,Illinois Fire Service Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA.
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