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Nierengarten I, Nierengarten J. Diversity Oriented Preparation of Pillar[5]arene-Containing [2]Rotaxanes by a Stopper Exchange Strategy. ChemistryOpen 2020; 9:393-400. [PMID: 32257747 PMCID: PMC7110104 DOI: 10.1002/open.202000035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotaxane building blocks bearing 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl) benzenesulfonate (BTBS) stoppers have been efficiently prepared from a pillar[5]arene derivative, 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl) benzenesulfonyl chloride (BTBSCl) and different diols, namely 1,10-decanediol and 1,12-dodecanediol. The BTBS moieties of these compounds are good leaving groups and stopper exchange reactions could be achieved by treatment with different nucleophiles thus affording rotaxanes with ester, thioether or ether stoppers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Nierengarten
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux MoléculairesUniversité de Strasbourg et CNRS (UMR 7402 LIMA), Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux25 rue Becquerel67087Strasbourg Cedex 2France
| | - Jean‐François Nierengarten
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux MoléculairesUniversité de Strasbourg et CNRS (UMR 7402 LIMA), Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux25 rue Becquerel67087Strasbourg Cedex 2France
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2
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Megiatto Junior JD, Spencer R, Schuster DI. Optimizing reaction conditions for synthesis of electron donor-[60]fullerene interlocked multiring systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm02154g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Megiatto JD, Schuster DI, Abwandner S, de Miguel G, Guldi DM. [2]Catenanes decorated with porphyrin and [60]fullerene groups: design, convergent synthesis, and photoinduced processes. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:3847-61. [PMID: 20196597 PMCID: PMC2862559 DOI: 10.1021/ja910149f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A new class of [2]catenanes containing zinc(II)-porphyrin (ZnP) and/or [60]fullerene (C(60)) as appended groups has been prepared. A complete description of the convergent synthetic approach based on Cu(I) template methodology and "click" 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition chemistry is described. This new electron donor-acceptor catenane family has been subjected to extensive spectroscopic, computational, electrochemical and photophysical studies. (1)H NMR spectroscopy and computational analysis have revealed that the ZnP-C(60)-[2]catenane adopts an extended conformation with the chromophores as far as possible from each other. A detailed photophysical investigation has revealed that upon irradiation the ZnP singlet excited state initially transfers energy to the (phenanthroline)(2)-Cu(I) complex core, producing a metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited state, which in turn transfers an electron to the C(60) group, generating the ZnP-[Cu(phen)(2)](2+)-C(60)(*-) charge-separated state. A further charge shift from the [Cu(phen)(2)](2+) complex to the ZnP subunit, competitive with decay to the ground state, leads to the isoenergetic long distance ZnP(*+)-[Cu(phen)(2)](+)-C(60)(*-) charge-separated radical pair state, which slowly decays back to the ground state on the microsecond time scale. The slow rate of back-electron transfer indicates that in this interlocked system, as in previously studied covalently linked ZnP-C(60) hybrid materials, this process occurs in the Marcus-inverted region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson D Megiatto
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA.
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Megiatto J, Schuster D. “Click” Methodology for Synthesis of Functionalized [3]Catenanes: Toward Higher Interlocked Structures. Chemistry 2009; 15:5444-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200900536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Schill G, Schweickert N, Fritz H, Vetter W. [2]-[Cyclohexatetracontan]-[Cyclooctacosan]-catenan, das erste Kohlenwasserstoff-Catenan. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19830951125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Hamann C, Kern JM, Sauvage JP. Zinc(II)-templated synthesis of a [2]-catenane consisting of a 2,2',6',2' '-terpyridine-incorporating cycle and a 1,10-phenanthroline-containing ring. Inorg Chem 2003; 42:1877-83. [PMID: 12639120 DOI: 10.1021/ic020381c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A nonsymmetrical [2]-catenane has been synthesized, with a 5-coordinated metal center (Zn(2+)) as template. One of the two rings contains a terdentate ligand (2,2',6',2' '-terpyridine) and the other one incorporates a bidentate chelate (1,10-phenanthroline). The first ring was prepared separately and, subsequently, Zn(2+) was used as the gathering and threading element to pass the stringlike component through the ring. This open-chain species bears two terminal olefins, which were reacted with Grubbs first-generation catalyst (ring-closing metathesis) to afford the desired catenane. Hydrogenation of the double bond and removal of the zinc(II) template afforded the final free [2]-catenane in 40% yield from the terdentate ligand-containing cycle and the diolefinic compound. Complexation studies on this new pentacoordinating catenane were carried out with Fe(II) or Cu(II). The most interesting observation is that the 5-coordinated complexes obtained are strongly stabilized. Their electrochemical reduction occurs at negative potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Hamann
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organo-Minérale, UMR 7513 du CNRS, Université Louis Pasteur, Faculté de Chimie, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg Cedex, France
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Chambron JC, Sauvage JP, Mislow K, De Cian A, Fischer J. A [2]catenane and a [2]rotaxane as prototypes of topological and Euclidean molecular "rubber gloves". Chemistry 2001; 7:4085-96. [PMID: 11686586 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3765(20011001)7:19<4085::aid-chem4085>3.0.co;2-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A [2]catenane and a [2]rotaxane have been prepared from a C2-symmetric, 2,9-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline-based (dpp-based) macrocycle incorporating a 1,5-dioxynaphthalene subunit by means of the transition metal templated technique. In the case of the catenane, this macrocycle is interlocked with a dpp-based macrocycle that is oriented through the location of a p-tolyl substituent in the 4-position of the phenanthroline subunit. In the case of the rotaxane, the C2-symmetric macrocycle is threaded onto an oriented, dumbbell-shaped molecule, based on the same 4-p-tolyl-1,10-phenanthroline subunit, which bears tetraarylmethane stoppers. Both species are chemically achiral molecules, yet they are composed entirely of asymmetric, mirror-image conformations. Conformational enantiomerization processes therefore take place exclusively by chiral pathways, conferring on these molecules the "rubber glove" property. However, while the molecular graph (constitutional formula) of the [2]rotaxane can be deformed into a planar and, hence, rigidly achiral representation, a feature shared by a few other compounds in the literature that have been characterized as "Euclidean rubber gloves", the molecular graph of the [2]catenane cannot be deformed in this way. It therefore has the unique property of being a chemically achiral "topological rubber glove".
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Chambron
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organo-Minérale, UMR 7513 du CNRS, Université Louis Pasteur, Institut Le Bel, Strasbourg, France.
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Synthesis of Copper(I) catenanes incorporating a disulfide bridge and their deposition on a gold surface. Org Lett 2000; 2:1991-4. [PMID: 10891212 DOI: 10.1021/ol005774z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of two coordinating catenates with the ability to undergo surface-confined chemistry is described. For each catenate, one of the rings includes a 2,9-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline unit as a coordinating moiety and a disulfide bridge, which allows adsorption of the catenate onto a gold surface, thus going from a molecular catenate to a [gold-adsorbed] species in which gold atoms are elements of one of the rings.
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Weck M, Mohr B, Sauvage JP, Grubbs RH. Synthesis of Catenane Structures via Ring-Closing Metathesis. J Org Chem 1999; 64:5463-5471. [PMID: 11674608 DOI: 10.1021/jo990268c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
This study presents a detailed description of a synthetic strategy to obtain catenane architectures through ring-closing metathesis. The approach is based on phenanthroline-based ligands containing terminal olefinic units that were designed to coordinate in a tetrahedral arrangement around a copper atom. Treatment of the assembled copper complexes with ruthenium catalyst 1 resulted in [2]catenates in high yields of 88-92%. Demetalation produced the corresponding [2]catenand in nearly quantitative yields. Hydrogenation of the catenates with Crabtree's catalyst and subsequent demetalation yielded fully saturated catenands. The presently described procedure makes [2]catenanes very accessible since the synthetic route consists of six steps (Schemes 2 and 4) from commercially available 1,10-phenanthroline, the overall yield being 51%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Weck
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, and Laboratoire de Chimie Organo-Minérale, UMR 7513 au CNRS, Faculté de Chimie, Université Louis Pasteur, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg
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Livoreil A, Sauvage JP, Armaroli N, Balzani V, Flamigni L, Ventura B. Electrochemically and Photochemically Driven Ring Motions in a Disymmetrical Copper [2]-Catenate. J Am Chem Soc 1997; 119:12114-12124. [PMID: 27715030 DOI: 10.1021/ja9720826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
By applying the three-dimensional template effect of copper(I), previously used for making various interlocking ring systems, a new disymmetrical [2]-catenate has been made which consists of two different interlocking rings. One ring contains a 2,9-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (dpp) unit whereas the other cycle incorporates both a dpp motif and a 2,2',6',2''-terpyridine (terpy) fragment, the coordination site of these two chelates pointing toward the inside of the ring. Depending on the oxidation state of the central metal (Cu(I) or Cu(II)), and thus on its preferred coordination number, two distinct situations have been observed. With monovalent copper, the two dpp units interact with the metal and the terpy fragment remains free, at the outside of the molecule. By contrast, when the catenate is complexed to divalent copper, the terpy motif is bonded to the metal and it is now a dpp ligand which lies at the periphery of the complex. This dual coordination mode leads to dramatically different molecular shapes and properties for both forms. The molecular motion which interconverts the four- and the five-coordinate complexes can be triggered chemically, electrochemically, or photochemically by changing the oxidation state of the copper center (II/I). The process has been studied by electrochemistry and by UV-vis spectroscopy. Interestingly, once the stable 4-coordinate copper(I) complex has been oxidized to a thermodynamically unstable pseudo-tetrahedral copper(II) species, the rate of the gliding motion of the rings which will afford the stable 5-coordinate species (copper(II) coordinated to dpp and terpy) can be controlled at will. Under certain experimental conditions, the changeover process is extremely slow (weeks), and the 4-coordinate complex is more or less frozen. By contrast, addition of a coordinating counterion to the medium (Cl-) enormously speeds up the rearrangement and leads to the thermodynamically stable 5-coordinate complex within minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Livoreil
- Contribution from the Laboratoire de Chimie Organo-Minérale, URA 422 du CNRS, Institut Le Bel, Université Louis Pasteur, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France, Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, and Istituto FRAE/CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Jean-Pierre Sauvage
- Contribution from the Laboratoire de Chimie Organo-Minérale, URA 422 du CNRS, Institut Le Bel, Université Louis Pasteur, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France, Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, and Istituto FRAE/CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Armaroli
- Contribution from the Laboratoire de Chimie Organo-Minérale, URA 422 du CNRS, Institut Le Bel, Université Louis Pasteur, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France, Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, and Istituto FRAE/CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Balzani
- Contribution from the Laboratoire de Chimie Organo-Minérale, URA 422 du CNRS, Institut Le Bel, Université Louis Pasteur, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France, Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, and Istituto FRAE/CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia Flamigni
- Contribution from the Laboratoire de Chimie Organo-Minérale, URA 422 du CNRS, Institut Le Bel, Université Louis Pasteur, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France, Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, and Istituto FRAE/CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Ventura
- Contribution from the Laboratoire de Chimie Organo-Minérale, URA 422 du CNRS, Institut Le Bel, Université Louis Pasteur, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France, Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, and Istituto FRAE/CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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Chambron JC, Sauvage JP, Mislow K. A Chemically Achiral Molecule with No Rigidly Achiral Presentations. J Am Chem Soc 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ja971598m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Claude Chambron
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organo-Minérale Université Louis Pasteur, Institut Le Bel 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Sauvage
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organo-Minérale Université Louis Pasteur, Institut Le Bel 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Kurt Mislow
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University Princeton, New Jersey 08544
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Ashton PR, Diederich F, Gómez-López M, Nierengarten JF, Preece JA, Raymo FM, Stoddart JF. Aufbau des ersten Fulleren-haltigen [2]Catenans durch Selbstorganisation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19971091352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Ashton PR, Huff J, Menzer S, Parsons IW, Preece JA, Stoddart JF, Tolley MS, White AJP, Williams DJ. Bis[2]catenanes and a bis[2]rotaxane–Model Compounds for Polymers with Mechanically Interlocked Components. Chemistry 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.19960020109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Amabilino DB, Ashton PR, Reder AS, Spencer N, Stoddart JF. Zweistufige Selbstassoziation von [4]- und [5]Catenanen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1994. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19941060412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Armspach D, Ashton PR, Moore CP, Spencer N, Stoddart JF, Wear TJ, Williams DJ. Selbstorganisation von Catenanen mit Cyclodextrineinheiten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19931050636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Dietrich-Buchecker CO, Sauvage JP. Interlocked and Knotted Rings in Biology and Chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-76241-3_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
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Ashton PR, Goodnow TT, Kaifer AE, Reddington MV, Slawin AMZ, Spencer N, Fraser Stoddart J, Vicent C, Williams DJ. Ein [2]-Catenan auf Bestellung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1989. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19891011023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ashton PR, Goodnow TT, Kaifer AE, Reddington MV, Slawin AMZ, Spencer N, Stoddart JF, Vicent C, Williams DJ. A [2] Catenane Made to Order. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.198913961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Schill G, Schweickert N, Fritz H, Vetter W. Synthese von [2]-Catenanen aus [2]-Rotaxanen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19881210522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Rißler K, Schill G, Fritz H, Vetter W. Gezielte Synthese von translationsisomeren [3]-Catenanen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19861190424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Schill G, Schweickert N, Fritz H, Vetter W. [2]-[Cyclohexatetraoctane][cyclooctacosane]catenane, the First Hydrocarbon Catenane. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.198308892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Logemann E, Rißler K, Schill G, Fritz H. Synthese und Spektren von zwei neuen Catenanen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1981. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19811140621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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24
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Schill G, Rißler K, Fritz H, Vetter W. Synthese, Isolierung und Identifizierung translationsisomerer [3]Catenane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1981. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19810930216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Schill G, Doerjer G, Logemann E, Vetter W. Reduktive Spaltung von 2,2-Dialkyl-1,3-benzodioxol-Derivaten mit Diisobutylaluminiumhydrid. Synthese eines [2]-Catenans mit einem 22-gliedrigen Makroheterocyclus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1980. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19801131203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Logemann E, Schill G. Synthese von [2]-[Azacyclohexacosan]-[cyclooctacosan]-catenan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1978. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19781110717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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