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Meng Y, Huang C, Huang W. Survival after induction chemotherapy in locoregional advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2023; 8:1217-1225. [PMID: 37899875 PMCID: PMC10601584 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.1133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Induction chemotherapy (ICT) augmentation is a common strategy for standard concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) of locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The survival condition is a crucial issue for patients with locoregionally advanced NPC. The survival of ICT patients with CCRT treatment versus standard CCRT alone should be elucidated via a systemic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Methods We compared ICT with CCRT and CCRT alone treatment to determine if ICT with CCRT can be associated with a significant benefit of survival conditions versus CCRT. Different survival indicators were analyzed for the ICT with CCRT. Twelve studies with a total of 3711 patients with locoregionally advanced NPC were enrolled. The focused outcome was the overall survival, progression-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival, and locoregional recurrence-free survival. Results Our results showed that ICT with CCRT is associated with a significant benefit for the overall survival status versus CCRT treatment. Similar significant benefits in the survival condition were seen in progression-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival, and locoregional recurrence-free survival. Conclusions The updated meta-analysis results suggest that the ICT with CCRT might be associated with significant benefits of survival in overall, progression-free, distant metastasis-free, as well as locoregional recurrence-free dimensions versus CCRT treatment. However, the bias of different kinds, doses, and regimens of chemotherapy agents and radiotherapy should not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyu Meng
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyLishui People's HospitalLishuiChina
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyLishui People's HospitalLishuiChina
| | - Wu Huang
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyLishui People's HospitalLishuiChina
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Juarez-Vignon Whaley JJ, Afkhami M, Sampath S, Amini A, Bell D, Villaflor VM. Early Stage and Locally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Treatment from Present to Future: Where Are We and Where Are We Going? Curr Treat Options Oncol 2023; 24:845-866. [PMID: 37145382 PMCID: PMC10271909 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-023-01083-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a rare malignancy, endemic in China, that is commonly diagnosed in locally advanced scenarios. Its pathogenesis is strongly associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), an infection for which measuring EBV plasma DNA levels has helped as a prognostic factor guiding treatment options, including a stronger treatment in those with high titers. Additionally, tobacco and alcohol are often implicated in EBV-negative patients. The local disease is treated with radiotherapy alone, preferentially intensity modulated radiotherapy. For locally advanced disease, the backbone treatment is concurrent chemoradiotherapy with the ongoing research dilemma being adding adjuvant chemotherapy or induction chemotherapy. The ongoing research is focused not only on identifying patients that will benefit from adjuvant or induction chemotherapy, but also on identifying the best chemotherapeutic regimen, regimen alternatives to diminish toxicity, the role that immune checkpoint inhibitors play, and the use of molecularly guided treatment targeting patients with NPC whether driven by EBV or tobacco and alcohol. Knowing the precise oncogenesis of NPC not only offers a better understanding of the role that EBV plays in this tumor but also helps create targeted therapies that could potentially block important pathways such as the NF-κB pathway. Much is yet to be done, but the prognosis and management of NPC patients have changed drastically, offering precise treatment methods and excellent control of the disease, even in locally advanced scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Jose Juarez-Vignon Whaley
- Health Science Research Center, Faculty of Health Science, Universidad Anahuac Mexico, State of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Michelle Afkhami
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Sagus Sampath
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Arya Amini
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Diana Bell
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Victoria M Villaflor
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
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Ohara K, Takahara M, Kumai T, Yamashina M, Kishibe K, Katada A, Hayashi T. Treatment outcomes of alternating chemoradiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a single-center safety and efficacy study. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 89:440-446. [PMID: 36682990 PMCID: PMC10164767 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Alternating Chemoradiotherapy (ACRT) using cisplatin and 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. METHODS This was a retrospective study in which patients' clinical records were reviewed to identify patients with a new diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma at our institution between January 2005 and January 2019. Thirty-seven eligible patients were identified; of these, the clinical details of 27 patients treated with ACRT were evaluated. Patient outcomes, including overall survival and progression-free survival, and adverse events were assessed. RESULTS Of these initial 37 patients, 1, 10, 13, 10, and 3 were staged as I, II, III, IVA, and IVB, respectively, as defined by the 8th edition of the TNM classification system. Twenty-seven patients received ACRT comprising sequential administration of chemotherapy, radiotherapy (wide field), chemotherapy, radiotherapy (shrinking field), and chemotherapy. The 5-year overall survival and progression-free survival rates were 83.7% and 88.9%, respectively. Treatment compliance was 93%, which is comparable to that of previous reports. CONCLUSION ACRT using cisplating and 5-fluorouracil was well tolerated with acceptable efficacy. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IVa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenzo Ohara
- Asahikawa Medical University, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa, Japan.
| | - Miki Takahara
- Asahikawa Medical University, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Takumi Kumai
- Asahikawa Medical University, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa, Japan; Asahikawa Medical University, Department of Innovative Head & Neck Cancer Research and Treatment (IHNCRT), Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Masaaki Yamashina
- Asahikawa Medical University, Department of Radiology, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Kan Kishibe
- Asahikawa Medical University, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Akihiro Katada
- Asahikawa Medical University, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Hayashi
- Asahikawa Medical University, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa, Japan
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4
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Handoko, Louisa M, Permata TBM, Gondhowiardjo SA. Deciphering Driver of Nasopharyngeal Cancer Development. Oncol Rev 2022; 16:10654. [PMID: 36531162 PMCID: PMC9756839 DOI: 10.3389/or.2022.10654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
A great deal of progress has been made on understanding nasopharyngeal cancer in recent decades. Genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic studies have enabled us to gain a deeper understanding on the biology of nasopharyngeal cancer, and though this new information is elaborate and detailed, an overall picture of the driver of nasopharyngeal cancer that includes all this information is lacking. This review will focus on providing a broad overview, with plausible and simple language, on nasopharyngeal carcinogenesis based on current updated information. This will help readers to gain a broad understanding, which may be necessary to provide common ground for further research on nasopharyngeal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Handoko
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Melva Louisa
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | | | - Soehartati A. Gondhowiardjo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
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Luan W, Yuan H, Hou W, Li J, Liu L. Improvement and prognosis analysis of nimotuzumab combined with TP regimen induction chemotherapy and sequential concurrent chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:5630-5640. [PMID: 36105032 PMCID: PMC9452316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of nimotuzumab combined with Taxol + Cisplatin (TP) regimen induction chemotherapy and sequential concurrent chemoradiotherapy on the improvement of curative effect and prognosis of patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. METHOD A retrospective analysis was performed on 91 patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma who were admitted to our hospital from February 2017 to February 2019, of which 41 patients received TP induction chemotherapy were assigned to control group (CG), and the remaining 50 patients received nimotuzumab on the basis of control group were assigned to observation group (OG). Both groups of patients received cisplatin chemotherapy concurrently with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). Comparisons were made between the two group in terms of clinical efficacy, serum markers squamous cell carcinoma-associated antigen (SCCAg), cytokeratin 19 fragment 21-1 (CYFRA21-1), adverse reactions, and 3-year survival of the patients. RESULTS Remission rate of cervical lymph nodes in OG was better than that in CG (P<0.05). After treatment, SCC-Ag and CYFRA21-1 decreased significantly in both groups, while indexes in OG were markedly lower compared to CG (P<0.05). During induction therapy and concurrent chemoradiotherapy, no notable difference was observed in short-term or long-term adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0.05). And Cox regression analysis found that clinical stage and treatment were independent factors affecting the prognosis of patients with disease-free survival (PFS). CONCLUSION Nimotuzumab combined with TP regimen induction chemotherapy and sequential concurrent chemoradiotherapy can improve the curative effect of patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Luan
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xianyang First People’s HospitalNo. 10, Biyuan Road, Xianyang 712000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Haozhan Yuan
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xianyang First People’s HospitalNo. 10, Biyuan Road, Xianyang 712000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wei Hou
- Otolaryngology, The Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese MedicineNo. 2, Weiyang West Road, Xianyang 712000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jing Li
- Otolaryngology, The Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese MedicineNo. 2, Weiyang West Road, Xianyang 712000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Liping Liu
- Otolaryngology, The Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese MedicineNo. 2, Weiyang West Road, Xianyang 712000, Shaanxi Province, China
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Takeshita N, Enokida T, Okano S, Fujisawa T, Wada A, Sato M, Tanaka H, Tanaka N, Motegi A, Zenda S, Akimoto T, Tahara M. Induction chemotherapy with paclitaxel, carboplatin and cetuximab for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A single-center, retrospective study. Front Oncol 2022; 12:951387. [PMID: 36033502 PMCID: PMC9402945 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.951387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The addition of induction chemotherapy (IC) before chemoradiotherapy (CRT) has improved survival over CRT alone in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal cancer (LA-NPC). Nevertheless, this population would benefit from further development of a novel IC regimen with satisfactory efficacy and a more favorable safety profile. Methods We retrospectively assessed 29 LA-NPC patients who received the combination of paclitaxel (PTX), carboplatin (CBDCA), and cetuximab (Cmab) (PCE) as IC (IC-PCE) at the National Cancer Center Hospital East between March 2017 and April 2021. IC-PCE consisted of CBDCA area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) = 1.5, PTX 80 mg/m2, and Cmab with an initial dose of 400 mg/m2 followed by 250 mg/m2 administered weekly for a maximum of eight weeks. Results Patient characteristics were as follows: median age, 59 years (range 24–75); 0, 1 performance status (PS), 25, 4 patients; and clinical stage III/IVA/IVB, 6/10/13. The median number of PCE cycles was 8(1-8). After IC-PCE, 26 patients received concurrent cisplatin and radiotherapy (CDDP-RT), one received concurrent carboplatin/5-fluorouracil and radiotherapy (CBDCA/5-FU-RT), and two received RT alone. The % completion of CDDP-RT was 88.5%. The response rate was 75.9% by IC and 100% at completion of CRT. The 3-year recurrence-free survival, locoregional failure-free survival, distant recurrence-free survival, and overall survival were 75.9%, 79.3%, 84.3%, and 96.3%, respectively. The incidence of adverse events of grade 3/4 was 34.5% during IC and 44.8% during CRT. Conclusion IC-PCE is feasible and effective for LA-NPC and may be a treatment option for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Takeshita
- Department of Head and Neck Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Enokida
- Department of Head and Neck Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Susumu Okano
- Department of Head and Neck Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Takao Fujisawa
- Department of Head and Neck Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Akihisa Wada
- Department of Head and Neck Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Masanobu Sato
- Department of Head and Neck Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Hideki Tanaka
- Department of Head and Neck Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Nobukazu Tanaka
- Department of Head and Neck Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Motegi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Sadamoto Zenda
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Akimoto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Makoto Tahara
- Department of Head and Neck Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
- *Correspondence: Makoto Tahara,
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Plasma Epstein-Barr viral DNA load after completion of two cycles of induction chemotherapy predicts outcomes for patients with advanced-stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2022; 131:105972. [PMID: 35728415 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.105972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the prognostic value of plasma Epstein-Barr virus DNA level following the completion of two induction chemotherapy cycles (ICT; post2CICT-DNA) in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC). MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study included 534 patients with LA-NPC. Recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) was applied to derive a prognostic model for risk stratification. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to determine the survival results, and survival rates were compared using the log-rank test. The Cox proportional hazard model was used for univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS Multivariate analyses revealed that post2CICT-DNA and N stage were independent predictors of overall survival (OS; P = 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively), and post2CICT-DNA, pre-treatment DNA, and N stage were independent predictors of progression-free survival (PFS; P = 0.002, P = 0.001, and P = 0.021, respectively).Based on prognostic factors (pre-treatment DNA, post2CICT-DNA, and N stage), patients were stratified into three risk subgroups, with 288 patients in the low-, 213 in the intermediate-, and 33 in the high-risk group. The three-year OS rate of the low-, intermediate- and high-risk groups were 99.3% (95% CI 98.3%-100.0%), 90.0% (95% CI 85.5%-94.5%) and 67.0% (95% CI 49.9%-84.1%, P < 0.001 for each of the two groups), respectively. CONCLUSION Plasma EBV-DNA level after two ICT cycles is a powerful predictor of prognosis in patients with LA-NPC. RPA analysis revealed that stage N3 patients with detectable post2CICT-DNA are at the highest risk of treatment failure, and future clinical trials should focus on early-treatment modification strategies for these patients.
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Nazeer F, Poulose JV, Kainickal CT. Induction chemotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma- A systematic review of phase III clinical trials. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2022; 32:100589. [PMID: 35724627 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2022.100589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Induction Chemotherapy (IC) has the potential advantage of resulting in early eradication of micro metastasis thereby reducing distant failure in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC). This study is to evaluate the effectiveness of induction chemotherapy in NPC based on published phase III Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) METHODS: : We searched PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE and COCHRANE databases for phase III trials evaluating the role of IC in NPC using the following key words: nasopharyngeal carcinoma, locally advanced, locoregionally advanced, induction chemotherapy, and concurrent chemoradiation. We included phase 3 RCTs of NPC in which intervention patients received induction chemotherapy plus concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT) and the control patients received CCRT alone. RESULTS Six phase III RCTs have reported the data on effectiveness of IC in NPC so far. All except one study found statistically significant improvement in the primary outcome. One study demonstrated improved relapse free survival (RFS) with IC (stratified HR for recurrence or death 0.51; p=0.0001). Two studies reported improvement in disease free survival (DFS) with IC [adjusted HR 0.739 (p=0.0264) in one study; HR for 3-year and stratified HR for 5-year DFS 0.67 (p=0.028) and 0.66 (p=007) respectively in the other study]. One study demonstrated improvement in failure free survival (FFS) with IC [HR for 3-year and 5-year FFS 0.68 (p=0.034) and 0.67 (p=0.019) respectively] and another study reported improved progression free survival (PFS) [HR 0.44; p=0.042)]. Grade 3-4 acute adverse events were higher among patients who received IC. CONCLUSION IC followed by CCRT showed superior clinical outcomes in NPC compared to CCRT alone. Conflicting results were found with regard to overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farida Nazeer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
| | - Jissy V Poulose
- National Fellowship in Palliative Medicine (Training Program), Institute of Palliative Medicine, Calicut, Kerala, India.
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Rueda Domínguez A, Cirauqui B, García Castaño A, Alvarez Cabellos R, Carral Maseda A, Castelo Fernández B, Iglesias Rey L, Rubió-Casadevall J, Arrazubi V, Mesía R. SEOM-TTCC clinical guideline in nasopharynx cancer (2021). Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 24:670-680. [PMID: 35303267 PMCID: PMC8986714 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02814-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is distinct from other cancers of the head and neck in biology, epidemiology, histology, natural history, and response to treatment. Radiotherapy (RT) is the cornerstone of locoregional treatment of non-disseminated disease and the association of chemotherapy improves the rates of survival. In the case of metastatic disease stages, treatment requires platinum/gemcitabine-based chemotherapy and patients may achieve a long survival time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Rueda Domínguez
- Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de La Victoria University Hospitals, IBIMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Beatriz Cirauqui
- Medical Oncology Department. Catalan Institut of Oncology - Badalona. B-ARGO Group, IGTP, Badalona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Leticia Iglesias Rey
- Medical Oncology Service, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Ourense, Spain
| | - Jordi Rubió-Casadevall
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Josep Trueta. Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain
| | - Virginia Arrazubi
- Medical Oncology Service, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra. IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ricard Mesía
- Medical Oncology Department. Catalan Institut of Oncology - Badalona. B-ARGO Group, IGTP, Badalona, Spain
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Jansen JFA, Drenthen GS. Editorial for "MRI-Based Back Propagation Neural Network Model as a Powerful Tool for Predicting the Response to Induction Chemotherapy in Locoregionally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma". J Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 56:560-561. [PMID: 34962010 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jacobus F A Jansen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Gerhard S Drenthen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Liu Z, Chen Y, Su Y, Hu X, Peng X. Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Clinical Achievements and Considerations Among Treatment Options. Front Oncol 2021; 11:635737. [PMID: 34912697 PMCID: PMC8667550 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.635737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a severe malignancy arising from the nasopharyngeal epithelium and is southern China's third most common cancer. With the advancement of treatment methods, early-stage NPC patients usually have a better prognosis and more prolonged survival period than those with other malignant tumors. Most treatment failures are due to distant metastasis or a locally advanced stage of NPC in the initial diagnosis. In addition, approximately 10% of patients develop local recurrence, and 10%-20% of patients experience distant metastasis after treatment. These patients have a poor prognosis, with a median survival of only approximately 10-15 months. In the rapid development of treatment options, the efficacy and safety of some treatments have been validated and approved for first-line treatment, while those of other treatments remain unclear. The present study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances in NPC treatment and explain the various therapeutic possibilities in treating locally advanced, recurrent, and metastatic NPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheran Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yonglin Su
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Rehabilitation, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolin Hu
- Department of Nursing, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingchen Peng
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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