1
|
Adu SA, Twigg MS, Naughton PJ, Marchant R, Banat IM. Glycolipid Biosurfactants in Skincare Applications: Challenges and Recommendations for Future Exploitation. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114463. [PMID: 37298939 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The 21st century has seen a substantial increase in the industrial applications of glycolipid biosurfactant technology. The market value of the glycolipid class of molecules, sophorolipids, was estimated to be USD 409.84 million in 2021, with that of rhamnolipid molecules projected to reach USD 2.7 billion by 2026. In the skincare industry, sophorolipid and rhamnolipid biosurfactants have demonstrated the potential to offer a natural, sustainable, and skin-compatible alternative to synthetically derived surfactant compounds. However, there are still many barriers to the wide-scale market adoption of glycolipid technology. These barriers include low product yield (particularly for rhamnolipids) and potential pathogenicity of some native glycolipid-producing microorganisms. Additionally, the use of impure preparations and/or poorly characterised congeners as well as low-throughput methodologies in the safety and bioactivity assessment of sophorolipids and rhamnolipids challenges their increased utilisation in both academic research and skincare applications. This review considers the current trend towards the utilisation of sophorolipid and rhamnolipid biosurfactants as substitutes to synthetically derived surfactant molecules in skincare applications, the challenges associated with their application, and relevant solutions proposed by the biotechnology industry. In addition, we recommend experimental techniques/methodologies, which, if employed, could contribute significantly to increasing the acceptance of glycolipid biosurfactants for use in skincare applications while maintaining consistency in biosurfactant research outputs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simms A Adu
- The Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Matthew S Twigg
- Pharmaceutical Science Research Group, Biomedical Science Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Patrick J Naughton
- The Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Roger Marchant
- Pharmaceutical Science Research Group, Biomedical Science Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Ibrahim M Banat
- Pharmaceutical Science Research Group, Biomedical Science Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Heath RS, Ruscoe RE, Turner NJ. The beauty of biocatalysis: sustainable synthesis of ingredients in cosmetics. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 39:335-388. [PMID: 34879125 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00027f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2015 up to July 2021The market for cosmetics is consumer driven and the desire for green, sustainable and natural ingredients is increasing. The use of isolated enzymes and whole-cell organisms to synthesise these products is congruent with these values, especially when combined with the use of renewable, recyclable or waste feedstocks. The literature of biocatalysis for the synthesis of ingredients in cosmetics in the past five years is herein reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S Heath
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Rebecca E Ruscoe
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Nicholas J Turner
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Schäfer L, Bühler K, Karande R, Bühler B. Rational Engineering of a Multi‐Step Biocatalytic Cascade for the Conversion of Cyclohexane to Polycaprolactone Monomers in
Pseudomonas taiwanensis. Biotechnol J 2020; 15:e2000091. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.202000091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Schäfer
- Department of Solar Materials Helmholtz‐Centre for Environmental Research ‐ UFZ Permoserstraße 15 Leipzig Saxony 04318 Germany
| | - Katja Bühler
- Department of Solar Materials Helmholtz‐Centre for Environmental Research ‐ UFZ Permoserstraße 15 Leipzig Saxony 04318 Germany
| | - Rohan Karande
- Department of Solar Materials Helmholtz‐Centre for Environmental Research ‐ UFZ Permoserstraße 15 Leipzig Saxony 04318 Germany
| | - Bruno Bühler
- Department of Solar Materials Helmholtz‐Centre for Environmental Research ‐ UFZ Permoserstraße 15 Leipzig Saxony 04318 Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bator I, Karmainski T, Tiso T, Blank LM. Killing Two Birds With One Stone - Strain Engineering Facilitates the Development of a Unique Rhamnolipid Production Process. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:899. [PMID: 32850747 PMCID: PMC7427536 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High-titer biosurfactant production in aerated fermenters using hydrophilic substrates is often hampered by excessive foaming. Ethanol has been shown to efficiently destabilize foam of rhamnolipids, a popular group of biosurfactants. To exploit this feature, we used ethanol as carbon source and defoamer, without introducing novel challenges for rhamnolipid purification. In detail, we engineered the non-pathogenic Pseudomonas putida KT2440 for heterologous rhamnolipid production from ethanol. To obtain a strain with high growth rate on ethanol as sole carbon source at elevated ethanol concentrations, adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) was performed. Genome re-sequencing allowed to allocate the phenotypic changes to emerged mutations. Several genes were affected and differentially expressed including alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases, potentially contributing to the increased growth rate on ethanol of 0.51 h-1 after ALE. Further, mutations in genes were found, which possibly led to increased ethanol tolerance. The engineered rhamnolipid producer was used in a fed-batch fermentation with automated ethanol addition over 23 h, which resulted in a 3-(3-hydroxyalkanoyloxy)alkanoates and mono-rhamnolipids concentration of about 5 g L-1. The ethanol concomitantly served as carbon source and defoamer with the advantage of increased rhamnolipid and biomass production. In summary, we present a unique combination of strain and process engineering that facilitated the development of a stable fed-batch fermentation for rhamnolipid production, circumventing mechanical or chemical foam disruption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Bator
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Tobias Karmainski
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Till Tiso
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Lars M Blank
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Loeschcke A, Thies S. Engineering of natural product biosynthesis in Pseudomonas putida. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2020; 65:213-224. [PMID: 32498036 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Loeschcke
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Stephan Thies
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sluyter G, Kleber J, Perz F, Grund B, Leuchs S, Sieberz S, Bubenheim P, Thum O, Liese A. Fermentative oxidation of butane in bubble column reactors. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
7
|
Anteneh YS, Franco CMM. Whole Cell Actinobacteria as Biocatalysts. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:77. [PMID: 30833932 PMCID: PMC6387938 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Production of fuels, therapeutic drugs, chemicals, and biomaterials using sustainable biological processes have received renewed attention due to increasing environmental concerns. Despite having high industrial output, most of the current chemical processes are associated with environmentally undesirable by-products which escalate the cost of downstream processing. Compared to chemical processes, whole cell biocatalysts offer several advantages including high selectivity, catalytic efficiency, milder operational conditions and low impact on the environment, making this approach the current choice for synthesis and manufacturing of different industrial products. In this review, we present the application of whole cell actinobacteria for the synthesis of biologically active compounds, biofuel production and conversion of harmful compounds to less toxic by-products. Actinobacteria alone are responsible for the production of nearly half of the documented biologically active metabolites and many enzymes; with the involvement of various species of whole cell actinobacteria such as Rhodococcus, Streptomyces, Nocardia and Corynebacterium for the production of useful industrial commodities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yitayal Shiferaw Anteneh
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Medical Biotechnology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Whole-cell biocatalysts provide unique advantages and have been widely used for the efficient biosynthesis of value-added fine and bulk chemicals, as well as pharmaceutically active ingredients. What is more, advances in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering, together with the rapid development of molecular genetic tools, have brought about a renaissance of whole-cell biocatalysis. These rapid advancements mean that whole-cell biocatalysts can increasingly be rationally designed. Genes of heterologous enzymes or synthetic pathways are increasingly being introduced into microbial hosts, and depending on the complexity of the synthetic pathway or the target products, they can enable the production of value-added chemicals from cheap feedstock. Metabolic engineering and synthetic biology efforts aimed at optimizing the existing microbial cell factories concentrate on improving heterologous pathway flux, precursor supply, and cofactor balance, as well as other aspects of cellular metabolism, to enhance the efficiency of biocatalysts. In the present review, we take a critical look at recent developments in whole-cell biocatalysis, with an emphasis on strategies applied to designing and optimizing the organisms that are increasingly modified for efficient production of chemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baixue Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong Tao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Schrittwieser JH, Velikogne S, Hall M, Kroutil W. Artificial Biocatalytic Linear Cascades for Preparation of Organic Molecules. Chem Rev 2017; 118:270-348. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joerg H. Schrittwieser
- Institute
of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Stefan Velikogne
- ACIB
GmbH, Department of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse
28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Mélanie Hall
- Institute
of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Institute
of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
- ACIB
GmbH, Department of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse
28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
France SP, Hepworth LJ, Turner NJ, Flitsch SL. Constructing Biocatalytic Cascades: In Vitro and in Vivo Approaches to de Novo Multi-Enzyme Pathways. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b02979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott P. France
- School of Chemistry, Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess
Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Lorna J. Hepworth
- School of Chemistry, Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess
Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- School of Chemistry, Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess
Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Sabine L. Flitsch
- School of Chemistry, Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess
Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gehring C, Wessel M, Schaffer S, Thum O. The Power of Biocatalysis: A One-Pot Total Synthesis of Rhamnolipids from Butane as the Sole Carbon and Energy Source. ChemistryOpen 2016; 5:513-516. [PMID: 28032017 PMCID: PMC5167325 DOI: 10.1002/open.201600127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbially derived surfactants, so‐called biosurfactants, have drawn much attention in recent years and are expected to replace current petrochemical surfactants, owing to their environmental and toxicological benefits. One strategy to support that goal is to reduce production costs by replacing relatively expensive sugars with cheaper raw materials, such as short‐chain alkanes. Herein, we report the successful one‐pot total synthesis of rhamnolipids, a class of biosurfactants with 12 stereocenters, from butane as sole carbon and energy source through the design of a tailored whole‐cell biocatalyst.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirja Wessel
- Evonik Creavis GmbH Paul-Baumann-Str. 1 45772 Marl Germany
| | | | - Oliver Thum
- Evonik Creavis GmbH Paul-Baumann-Str. 1 45772 Marl Germany
| |
Collapse
|