1
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Ray S, Stampf JL, Kudlacek O, Yang JW, Schicker KW, Graf Y, Losgott T, Boehm S, Salzer I. A triple cysteine motif as major determinant of the modulation of neuronal K V7 channels by the paracetamol metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzo quinone imine. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:2851-2868. [PMID: 38657956 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The analgesic action of paracetamol involves KV7 channels, and its metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzo quinone imine (NAPQI), a cysteine modifying reagent, was shown to increase currents through such channels in nociceptors. Modification of cysteine residues by N-ethylmaleimide, H2O2, or nitric oxide has been found to modulate currents through KV7 channels. The study aims to identify whether, and if so which, cysteine residues in neuronal KV7 channels might be responsible for the effects of NAPQI. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH To address this question, we used a combination of perforated patch-clamp recordings, site-directed mutagenesis, and mass spectrometry applied to recombinant KV7.1 to KV7.5 channels. KEY RESULTS Currents through the cardiac subtype KV7.1 were reduced by NAPQI. Currents through all other subtypes were increased, either by an isolated shift of the channel voltage dependence to more negative values (KV7.3) or by such a shift combined with increased maximal current levels (KV7.2, KV7.4, KV7.5). A stretch of three cysteine residues in the S2-S3 linker region of KV7.2 was necessary and sufficient to mediate these effects. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATION The paracetamol metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzo quinone imine (NAPQI) modifies cysteine residues of KV7 subunits and reinforces channel gating in homomeric and heteromeric KV7.2 to KV7.5, but not in KV7.1 channels. In KV7.2, a triple cysteine motif located within the S2-S3 linker region mediates this reinforcement that can be expected to reduce the excitability of nociceptors and to mediate antinociceptive actions of paracetamol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutirtha Ray
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan-Luca Stampf
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Kudlacek
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jae-Won Yang
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus W Schicker
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yvonne Graf
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Losgott
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Boehm
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabella Salzer
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Michalski J, Stoczewski Z, Roszak S, Kucharska E, Bryndal I, Dymińska L, Lisiecki R, Hanuza J. Conformation of the hydrazo bond in new 2-methyl-3,5-dinitro-6-(2-phenylhydrazinyl)pyridine and its influence on the structural and optic properties - Quantum chemical DFT calculations. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 308:123760. [PMID: 38141502 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
A new methyl-dinitro-phenylhydrazinyl-pyridine derivative [2-methyl-3,5-dinitro-6-(2-phenylhydrazinyl)pyridine] was synthesised and characterised by means of structural and spectroscopic measurements. The X-ray diffraction studies revealed that the compound crystallises in the centrosymmetric monoclinic space group P21/n, with two symmetry-independent molecules in the asymmetric unit with Z = 8. Hydrazo bridge C-NH-NH-C links two fragments composed of phenyl ring and pyridine unit substituted with methyl and nitro groups. Such a structure was confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR studies as well as IR, Raman, UV-Vis, and emission spectra. The results were analysed using the quantum-chemical DFT calculations. The paper reports the vibrational characteristics and discusses dynamical properties of this moiety. The full set of the normal modes typical of the hydrazo bridge was identified and assigned to respective IR and Raman bands. The results of structural and spectroscopic studies were used to find the dependence between the conformation of the θ-NH-NH-ϕ system and its optic properties. The experimental UV-Vis and emission spectra were discussed in terms of the calculated singlet and triplet states that allowed assigning the unique spectral pattern originating from the electrons of the hydrazo-bridge system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Michalski
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Production Engineering, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, 118-120 Komandorska Str., Wrocław 53-345, Poland.
| | - Zygmunt Stoczewski
- Department of Physical and Quantum Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Szczepan Roszak
- Department of Physical and Quantum Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Edyta Kucharska
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Production Engineering, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, 118-120 Komandorska Str., Wrocław 53-345, Poland
| | - Iwona Bryndal
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 211A Borowska Str., 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Lucyna Dymińska
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Production Engineering, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, 118-120 Komandorska Str., Wrocław 53-345, Poland
| | - Radosław Lisiecki
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, 2 Okólna Str., Wrocław 50-422, Poland
| | - Jerzy Hanuza
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, 2 Okólna Str., Wrocław 50-422, Poland
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3
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Alles SRA, Smith PA. Peripheral Voltage-Gated Cation Channels in Neuropathic Pain and Their Potential as Therapeutic Targets. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2022; 2:750583. [PMID: 35295464 PMCID: PMC8915663 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2021.750583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The persistence of increased excitability and spontaneous activity in injured peripheral neurons is imperative for the development and persistence of many forms of neuropathic pain. This aberrant activity involves increased activity and/or expression of voltage-gated Na+ and Ca2+ channels and hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated (HCN) channels as well as decreased function of K+ channels. Because they display limited central side effects, peripherally restricted Na+ and Ca2+ channel blockers and K+ channel activators offer potential therapeutic approaches to pain management. This review outlines the current status and future therapeutic promise of peripherally acting channel modulators. Selective blockers of Nav1.3, Nav1.7, Nav1.8, Cav3.2, and HCN2 and activators of Kv7.2 abrogate signs of neuropathic pain in animal models. Unfortunately, their performance in the clinic has been disappointing; some substances fail to meet therapeutic end points whereas others produce dose-limiting side effects. Despite this, peripheral voltage-gated cation channels retain their promise as therapeutic targets. The way forward may include (i) further structural refinement of K+ channel activators such as retigabine and ASP0819 to improve selectivity and limit toxicity; use or modification of Na+ channel blockers such as vixotrigine, PF-05089771, A803467, PF-01247324, VX-150 or arachnid toxins such as Tap1a; the use of Ca2+ channel blockers such as TTA-P2, TTA-A2, Z 944, ACT709478, and CNCB-2; (ii) improving methods for assessing “pain” as opposed to nociception in rodent models; (iii) recognizing sex differences in pain etiology; (iv) tailoring of therapeutic approaches to meet the symptoms and etiology of pain in individual patients via quantitative sensory testing and other personalized medicine approaches; (v) targeting genetic and biochemical mechanisms controlling channel expression using anti-NGF antibodies such as tanezumab or re-purposed drugs such as vorinostat, a histone methyltransferase inhibitor used in the management of T-cell lymphoma, or cercosporamide a MNK 1/2 inhibitor used in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis; (vi) combination therapy using drugs that are selective for different channel types or regulatory processes; (vii) directing preclinical validation work toward the use of human or human-derived tissue samples; and (viii) application of molecular biological approaches such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha R A Alles
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Peter A Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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4
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Zhang YM, Xu HY, Hu HN, Tian FY, Chen F, Liu HN, Zhan L, Pi XP, Liu J, Gao ZB, Nan FJ. Discovery of HN37 as a Potent and Chemically Stable Antiepileptic Drug Candidate. J Med Chem 2021; 64:5816-5837. [PMID: 33929863 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that P-retigabine (P-RTG), a retigabine (RTG) analogue bearing a propargyl group at the nitrogen atom in the linker of RTG, displayed moderate anticonvulsant efficacy. Recently, our further efforts led to the discovery of HN37 (pynegabine), which demonstrated satisfactory chemical stability upon deleting the ortho liable -NH2 group and installing two adjacent methyl groups to the carbamate motif. HN37 exhibited enhanced activation potency toward neuronal Kv7 channels and high in vivo efficacy in a range of pre-clinical seizure models, including the maximal electroshock test and a 6 Hz model of pharmacoresistant limbic seizures. With its improved chemical stability, strong efficacy, and better safety margin, HN37 has progressed to clinical trial in China for epilepsy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Ming Zhang
- Chinese National Center for Drug Screening, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.,Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine & Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, No. 39, Science and Technology Avenue, High-Tech Industrial Development Zone, Yantai City, Shandong 264000, China
| | - Hai-Yan Xu
- Chinese National Center for Drug Screening, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.,School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Hai-Ning Hu
- Chinese National Center for Drug Screening, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fu-Yun Tian
- Chinese National Center for Drug Screening, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Chinese National Center for Drug Screening, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hua-Nan Liu
- Chinese National Center for Drug Screening, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Li Zhan
- Chinese National Center for Drug Screening, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Pi
- Chinese National Center for Drug Screening, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Hainan Haiyao Company Ltd., No. 192, Nanhai Road, Xiuying District, Haikou City, Hainan 570311, China
| | - Zhao-Bing Gao
- Chinese National Center for Drug Screening, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.,School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Fa-Jun Nan
- Chinese National Center for Drug Screening, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.,Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine & Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, No. 39, Science and Technology Avenue, High-Tech Industrial Development Zone, Yantai City, Shandong 264000, China
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5
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Borgini M, Mondal P, Liu R, Wipf P. Chemical modulation of Kv7 potassium channels. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:483-537. [PMID: 34046626 PMCID: PMC8128042 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00328j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising interest in Kv7 modulators originates from their ability to evoke fundamental electrophysiological perturbations in a tissue-specific manner. A large number of therapeutic applications are, in part, based on the clinical experience with two broad-spectrum Kv7 agonists, flupirtine and retigabine. Since precise molecular structures of human Kv7 channel subtypes in closed and open states have only very recently started to emerge, computational studies have traditionally been used to analyze binding modes and direct the development of more potent and selective Kv7 modulators with improved safety profiles. Herein, the synthetic and medicinal chemistry of small molecule modulators and the representative biological properties are summarized. Furthermore, new therapeutic applications supported by in vitro and in vivo assay data are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Borgini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
| | - Pravat Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
| | - Ruiting Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
| | - Peter Wipf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
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6
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Smith PA. K + Channels in Primary Afferents and Their Role in Nerve Injury-Induced Pain. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:566418. [PMID: 33093824 PMCID: PMC7528628 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.566418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory abnormalities generated by nerve injury, peripheral neuropathy or disease are often expressed as neuropathic pain. This type of pain is frequently resistant to therapeutic intervention and may be intractable. Numerous studies have revealed the importance of enduring increases in primary afferent excitability and persistent spontaneous activity in the onset and maintenance of peripherally induced neuropathic pain. Some of this activity results from modulation, increased activity and /or expression of voltage-gated Na+ channels and hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels. K+ channels expressed in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) include delayed rectifiers (Kv1.1, 1.2), A-channels (Kv1.4, 3.3, 3.4, 4.1, 4.2, and 4.3), KCNQ or M-channels (Kv7.2, 7.3, 7.4, and 7.5), ATP-sensitive channels (KIR6.2), Ca2+-activated K+ channels (KCa1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, and 3.1), Na+-activated K+ channels (KCa4.1 and 4.2) and two pore domain leak channels (K2p; TWIK related channels). Function of all K+ channel types is reduced via a multiplicity of processes leading to altered expression and/or post-translational modification. This also increases excitability of DRG cell bodies and nociceptive free nerve endings, alters axonal conduction and increases neurotransmitter release from primary afferent terminals in the spinal dorsal horn. Correlation of these cellular changes with behavioral studies provides almost indisputable evidence for K+ channel dysfunction in the onset and maintenance of neuropathic pain. This idea is underlined by the observation that selective impairment of just one subtype of DRG K+ channel can produce signs of pain in vivo. Whilst it is established that various mediators, including cytokines and growth factors bring about injury-induced changes in DRG function and excitability, evidence presently available points to a seminal role for interleukin 1β (IL-1β) in control of K+ channel function. Despite the current state of knowledge, attempts to target K+ channels for therapeutic pain management have met with limited success. This situation may change with the advent of personalized medicine. Identification of specific sensory abnormalities and genetic profiling of individual patients may predict therapeutic benefit of K+ channel activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A. Smith
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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7
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Hofstetter RK, Hasan M, Fassauer GM, Bock C, Surur AS, Behnisch S, Grathwol CW, Potlitz F, Oergel T, Siegmund W, Link A. Simultaneous quantification of acidic and basic flupirtine metabolites by supercritical fluid chromatography according to European Medicines Agency validation. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1603:338-347. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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8
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Bock C, Surur AS, Beirow K, Kindermann MK, Schulig L, Bodtke A, Bednarski PJ, Link A. Sulfide Analogues of Flupirtine and Retigabine with Nanomolar K V 7.2/K V 7.3 Channel Opening Activity. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:952-964. [PMID: 30861620 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The potassium channel openers flupirtine and retigabine have proven to be valuable analgesics or antiepileptics. Their recent withdrawal due to occasional hepatotoxicity and tissue discoloration, respectively, leaves a therapeutic niche unfilled. Metabolic oxidation of both drugs gives rise to the formation of electrophilic quinones. These elusive, highly reactive metabolites may induce liver injury in the case of flupirtine and blue tissue discoloration after prolonged intake of retigabine. We examined which structural features can be altered to avoid the detrimental oxidation of the aromatic ring and shift oxidation toward the formation of more benign metabolites. Structure-activity relationship studies were performed to evaluate the KV 7.2/3 channel opening activity of 45 derivatives. Sulfide analogues were identified that are devoid of the risk of quinone formation, but possess potent KV 7.2/3 opening activity. For example, flupirtine analogue 3-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-N-(6-(isobutylthio)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)propanamide (48) has 100-fold enhanced activity (EC50 =1.4 nm), a vastly improved toxicity/activity ratio, and the same efficacy as retigabine in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bock
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Abdrrahman S Surur
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kristin Beirow
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Markus K Kindermann
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lukas Schulig
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anja Bodtke
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Patrick J Bednarski
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Andreas Link
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
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9
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Surur AS, Beirow K, Bock C, Schulig L, Kindermann MK, Bodtke A, Siegmund W, Bednarski PJ, Link A. Flupirtine Analogues: Explorative Synthesis and Influence of Chemical Structure on K V7.2/K V7.3 Channel Opening Activity. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:41-44. [PMID: 30652063 PMCID: PMC6331712 DOI: 10.1002/open.201800244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal voltage‐gated potassium channels KV7.2/KV7.3 are sensitive to small‐molecule drugs such as flupirtine, even though physiological response occurs in the absence of ligands. Clinically, prolonged use of flupirtine as a pain medication is associated with rare cases of drug‐induced liver injury. Thus, safety concerns prevent a broader use of this non‐opioid and non‐steroidal analgesic in therapeutic areas with unmet medical needs such as hyperactive bladder or neonatal seizures. With the goal of studying influences of chemical structure on activity and toxicity of flupirtine, we explored modifications of the benzylamino bridge and the substitution pattern in both rings of flupirtine. Among twelve derivatives, four novel thioether derivatives showed the desired activity in cellular assays and may serve as leads for safer KV channel openers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdrrahman S Surur
- Institute of Pharmacy University of Greifswald Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17 17489 Greifswald Germany
| | - Kristin Beirow
- Institute of Pharmacy University of Greifswald Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17 17489 Greifswald Germany
| | - Christian Bock
- Institute of Pharmacy University of Greifswald Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17 17489 Greifswald Germany
| | - Lukas Schulig
- Institute of Pharmacy University of Greifswald Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17 17489 Greifswald Germany
| | - Markus K Kindermann
- Institute of Pharmacy University of Greifswald Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17 17489 Greifswald Germany
| | - Anja Bodtke
- Institute of Pharmacy University of Greifswald Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17 17489 Greifswald Germany
| | | | - Patrick J Bednarski
- Institute of Pharmacy University of Greifswald Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17 17489 Greifswald Germany
| | - Andreas Link
- Institute of Pharmacy University of Greifswald Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17 17489 Greifswald Germany
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10
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Surur AS, Bock C, Beirow K, Wurm K, Schulig L, Kindermann MK, Siegmund W, Bednarski PJ, Link A. Flupirtine and retigabine as templates for ligand-based drug design of KV7.2/3 activators. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:4512-4522. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00511k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Puzzling stability: molecular jigsaw pieces of residues characterized in light of activity, lipophilicity, stability against oxidation, and hepatotoxicity were combined to yield flupirtine analogue 25b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdrrahman S. Surur
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry
- Institute of Pharmacy
- University of Greifswald
- 17487 Greifswald
- Germany
| | - Christian Bock
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry
- Institute of Pharmacy
- University of Greifswald
- 17487 Greifswald
- Germany
| | - Kristin Beirow
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry
- Institute of Pharmacy
- University of Greifswald
- 17487 Greifswald
- Germany
| | - Konrad Wurm
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry
- Institute of Pharmacy
- University of Greifswald
- 17487 Greifswald
- Germany
| | - Lukas Schulig
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry
- Institute of Pharmacy
- University of Greifswald
- 17487 Greifswald
- Germany
| | - Markus K. Kindermann
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry
- Institute of Pharmacy
- University of Greifswald
- 17487 Greifswald
- Germany
| | - Werner Siegmund
- Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT) Greifswald
- Germany
| | - Patrick J. Bednarski
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry
- Institute of Pharmacy
- University of Greifswald
- 17487 Greifswald
- Germany
| | - Andreas Link
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry
- Institute of Pharmacy
- University of Greifswald
- 17487 Greifswald
- Germany
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