1
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Robinson AD, Hill-Casey F, Duckett SB, Halse ME. Quantitative reaction monitoring using parahydrogen-enhanced benchtop NMR spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:14317-14328. [PMID: 38695736 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp06221j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The parahydrogen-induced polarisation (PHIP) NMR signal enhancement technique is used to study H2 addition to Vaska's complex (trans-[IrCl(CO)(PPh3)2]) with both standard high-field (9.4 T) NMR and benchtop (1 T) NMR detection. Accurate and repeatable rate constants of (0.84 ± 0.03) dm3 mol-1 s-1 and (0.89 ± 0.03) dm3 mol-1 s-1 were obtained for this model system using standard high-field and benchtop NMR, respectively. The high-field NMR approach is shown to be susceptible to systematic errors associated with interference from non-hyperpolarised signals, which can be overcome through a multiple-quantum filtered acquisition scheme. This challenge is avoided when using benchtop NMR detection because the non-hyperpolarised signals are much weaker due to the lower magnetic field, enabling the use of a simpler and more efficient single RF pulse detection scheme. Method validation against several experimental parameters (NMR relaxation, %pH2 enrichment and temperature) demonstrates the robustness of the benchtop NMR approach but also highlights the need for sample temperature control throughout reaction monitoring. A simple temperature equilibration protocol, coupled with use of an insulated sample holder while manipulating the sample outside the spectrometer, is found to provide sufficient temperature stabilisation to ensure that accurate and repeatable rate constants are obtained. Finally, the benchtop NMR reaction monitoring protocol is applied to the analysis of a complex mixture, where multiple reaction products form simultaneously. H2 addition to a mixture of three Vaska's complex derivatives was monitored, revealing the presence of competitive reaction pathways within the mixture.
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2
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Stadler GR, Segawa TF, Bütikofer M, Decker V, Loss S, Czarniecki B, Torres F, Riek R. Fragment Screening and Fast Micromolar Detection on a Benchtop NMR Spectrometer Boosted by Photoinduced Hyperpolarization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308692. [PMID: 37524651 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Fragment-based drug design is a well-established strategy for rational drug design, with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) on high-field spectrometers as the method of reference for screening and hit validation. However, high-field NMR spectrometers are not only expensive, but require specialized maintenance, dedicated space, and depend on liquid helium cooling which became critical over the recurring global helium shortages. We propose an alternative to high-field NMR screening by applying the recently developed approach of fragment screening by photoinduced hyperpolarized NMR on a cryogen-free 80 MHz benchtop NMR spectrometer yielding signal enhancements of up to three orders in magnitude. It is demonstrated that it is possible to discover new hits and kick-off drug design using a benchtop NMR spectrometer at low micromolar concentrations of both protein and ligand. The approach presented performs at higher speed than state-of-the-art high-field NMR approaches while exhibiting a limit of detection in the nanomolar range. Photoinduced hyperpolarization is known to be inexpensive and simple to be implemented, which aligns greatly with the philosophy of benchtop NMR spectrometers. These findings open the way for the use of benchtop NMR in near-physiological conditions for drug design and further life science applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela R Stadler
- ETH Zürich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Institute for Molecular Physical Science, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Takuya F Segawa
- ETH Zürich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Bütikofer
- ETH Zürich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Institute for Molecular Physical Science, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Venita Decker
- Bruker BioSpin GmbH, Rudolf-Plank-Strasse 23, 76275, Ettlingen, Germany
| | - Sandra Loss
- Bruker Switzerland AG, Industriestrasse 26, 8117, Fällanden, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Czarniecki
- Bruker Switzerland AG, Industriestrasse 26, 8117, Fällanden, Switzerland
| | - Felix Torres
- ETH Zürich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Institute for Molecular Physical Science, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
- NexMR GmbH, Wiesenstrasse 10 A, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Roland Riek
- ETH Zürich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Institute for Molecular Physical Science, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
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3
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Alonso-Moreno P, Rodriguez I, Izquierdo-Garcia JL. Benchtop NMR-Based Metabolomics: First Steps for Biomedical Application. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13050614. [PMID: 37233655 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13050614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics is a valuable tool for identifying biomarkers and understanding the underlying metabolic changes associated with various diseases. However, the translation of metabolomics analysis to clinical practice has been limited by the high cost and large size of traditional high-resolution NMR spectrometers. Benchtop NMR, a compact and low-cost alternative, offers the potential to overcome these limitations and facilitate the wider use of NMR-based metabolomics in clinical settings. This review summarizes the current state of benchtop NMR for clinical applications where benchtop NMR has demonstrated the ability to reproducibly detect changes in metabolite levels associated with diseases such as type 2 diabetes and tuberculosis. Benchtop NMR has been used to identify metabolic biomarkers in a range of biofluids, including urine, blood plasma and saliva. However, further research is needed to optimize the use of benchtop NMR for clinical applications and to identify additional biomarkers that can be used to monitor and manage a range of diseases. Overall, benchtop NMR has the potential to revolutionize the way metabolomics is used in clinical practice, providing a more accessible and cost-effective way to study metabolism and identify biomarkers for disease diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Alonso-Moreno
- NMR and Imaging in Biomedicine Group, Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Rodriguez
- NMR and Imaging in Biomedicine Group, Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy School, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Izquierdo-Garcia
- NMR and Imaging in Biomedicine Group, Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy School, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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4
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Kristinaityte K, Mames A, Pietrzak M, Westermair FF, Silva W, Gschwind RM, Ratajczyk T, Urbańczyk M. Deeper Insight into Photopolymerization: The Synergy of Time-Resolved Nonuniform Sampling and Diffusion NMR. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:13938-13945. [PMID: 35852987 PMCID: PMC9354252 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The comprehensive real-time in situ monitoring of chemical
processes
is a crucial requirement for the in-depth understanding of these processes.
This monitoring facilitates an efficient design of chemicals and materials
with the precise properties that are desired. This work presents the
simultaneous utilization and synergy of two novel time-resolved NMR
methods, i.e., time-resolved diffusion NMR and time-resolved nonuniform
sampling. The first method allows the average diffusion coefficient
of the products to be followed, while the second method enables the
particular products to be monitored. Additionally, the average mass
of the system is calculated with excellent resolution using both techniques.
Employing both methods at the same time and comparing their results
leads to the unequivocal validation of the assignment in the second
method. Importantly, such validation is possible only via the simultaneous
combination of both approaches. While the presented methodology was
utilized for photopolymerization, it can also be employed for any
other polymerization process, complexation, or, in general, chemical
reactions in which the evolution of mass in time is of importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Kristinaityte
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Mames
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Pietrzak
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Franz F. Westermair
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Univeristy of Regensburg, Universitätsstraßze 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wagner Silva
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Univeristy of Regensburg, Universitätsstraßze 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ruth M. Gschwind
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Univeristy of Regensburg, Universitätsstraßze 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tomasz Ratajczyk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Urbańczyk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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5
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Mames A, Jopa S, Pietrzak M, Ratajczyk T. Deactivation of catalysts in simultaneous reversible and irreversible parahydrogen NMR signal enhancement, and the role of co-ligands in the stabilization of the reversible method. RSC Adv 2022; 12:15986-15991. [PMID: 35733673 PMCID: PMC9136854 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02872g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (SABRE) and hydrogeneable Parahydrogen Induced Polarization (hPHIP) can enhance weak NMR signals, and thus increase the range of NMR applications. Here, using an N-heterocyclic carbene Ir-based catalyst, simultaneous SABRE and hPHIP was achieved for the compound with an N-donor site and an acetylene triple bond. It was demonstrated that the interplay between SABRE and hPHIP can be manipulated. Specifically, it was found that the hPHIP effect could be almost completely suppressed, while stable SABRE was observed in subsequent consecutive experiments. The presented results have the potential to increase the numbers of parahydrogen hyperpolarizable molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Mames
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 Warsaw 01-224 Poland
| | - Sylwia Jopa
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw Pasteura 1 Warsaw 02-093 Poland
| | - Mariusz Pietrzak
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 Warsaw 01-224 Poland
| | - Tomasz Ratajczyk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 Warsaw 01-224 Poland
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6
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Buntkowsky G, Theiss F, Lins J, Miloslavina YA, Wienands L, Kiryutin A, Yurkovskaya A. Recent advances in the application of parahydrogen in catalysis and biochemistry. RSC Adv 2022; 12:12477-12506. [PMID: 35480380 PMCID: PMC9039419 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01346k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) are analytical and diagnostic tools that are essential for a very broad field of applications, ranging from chemical analytics, to non-destructive testing of materials and the investigation of molecular dynamics, to in vivo medical diagnostics and drug research. One of the major challenges in their application to many problems is the inherent low sensitivity of magnetic resonance, which results from the small energy-differences of the nuclear spin-states. At thermal equilibrium at room temperature the normalized population difference of the spin-states, called the Boltzmann polarization, is only on the order of 10-5. Parahydrogen induced polarization (PHIP) is an efficient and cost-effective hyperpolarization method, which has widespread applications in Chemistry, Physics, Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Medical Imaging. PHIP creates its signal-enhancements by means of a reversible (SABRE) or irreversible (classic PHIP) chemical reaction between the parahydrogen, a catalyst, and a substrate. Here, we first give a short overview about parahydrogen-based hyperpolarization techniques and then review the current literature on method developments and applications of various flavors of the PHIP experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Buntkowsky
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8 D-64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Franziska Theiss
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8 D-64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Jonas Lins
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8 D-64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Yuliya A Miloslavina
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8 D-64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Laura Wienands
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8 D-64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Alexey Kiryutin
- International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Alexandra Yurkovskaya
- International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
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7
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Norcott PL. Selective NMR detection of individual reaction components hyperpolarised by reversible exchange with para-hydrogen. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:13527-13533. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01657e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
NMR spectroscopy can sometimes be hampered by two inherent weaknesses: low sensitivity and overlap of signals in complex mixtures. Hyperpolarisation techniques using para-hydrogen (including the method known as SABRE) can...
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8
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Pietrzak M, Jopa S, Mames A, Urbańczyk M, Woźny M, Ratajczyk T. Recent Progress in Liquid State Electrochemistry Coupled with NMR Spectroscopy. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Pietrzak
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Sylwia Jopa
- Faculty of Chemistry University of Warsaw Pasteura 1 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Adam Mames
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Mateusz Urbańczyk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
- Centre of New Technologies University of Warsaw Banacha 2 C 02-097 Warsaw Poland
| | - Mateusz Woźny
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Tomasz Ratajczyk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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9
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Kristinaityte K, Urbańczyk M, Mames A, Pietrzak M, Ratajczyk T. Photoreactivity of an Exemplary Anthracene Mixture Revealed by NMR Studies, including a Kinetic Approach. Molecules 2021; 26:6695. [PMID: 34771104 PMCID: PMC8587725 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthracenes are an important class of acenes. They are being utilized more and more often in chemistry and materials sciences, due to their unique rigid molecular structure and photoreactivity. In particular, photodimerization can be harnessed for the fabrication of novel photoresponsive materials. Photodimerization between the same anthracenes have been investigated and utilized in various fields, while reactions between varying anthracenes have barely been investigated. Here, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is employed for the investigation of the photodimerization of two exemplary anthracenes: anthracene (A) and 9-bromoanthracene (B), in the solutions with only A or B, and in the mixture of A and B. Estimated k values, derived from the presented kinetic model, showed that the dimerization of A was 10 times faster in comparison with B when compounds were investigated in separate samples, and 2 times faster when compounds were prepared in the mixture. Notably, the photoreaction in the mixture, apart from AA and BB, additionally yielded a large amount of the AB mixdimer. Another important advantage of investigating a mixture with different anthracenes is the ability to estimate the relative reactivity for all the reactions under the same experimental conditions. This results in a better understanding of the photodimerization processes. Thus, the rational photofabrication of mix-anthracene-based materials can be facilitated, which is of crucial importance in the field of polymer and material sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mariusz Pietrzak
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-01224 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (M.U.); (A.M.)
| | - Tomasz Ratajczyk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-01224 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (M.U.); (A.M.)
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10
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Telkki VV, Urbańczyk M, Zhivonitko V. Ultrafast methods for relaxation and diffusion. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 126-127:101-120. [PMID: 34852922 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Relaxation and diffusion NMR measurements offer an approach to studying rotational and translational motion of molecules non-invasively, and they also provide chemical resolution complementary to NMR spectra. Multidimensional experiments enable the correlation of relaxation and diffusion parameters as well as the observation of molecular exchange phenomena through relaxation or diffusion contrast. This review describes how to accelerate multidimensional relaxation and diffusion measurements significantly through spatial encoding. This so-called ultrafast Laplace NMR approach shortens the experiment time to a fraction and makes even single-scan experiments possible. Single-scan experiments, in turn, significantly facilitate the use of nuclear spin hyperpolarization methods to boost sensitivity. The ultrafast Laplace NMR method is also applicable with low-field, mobile NMR instruments, and it can be exploited in many disciplines. For example, it has been used in studies of the dynamics of fluids in porous materials, identification of intra- and extracellular metabolites in cancer cells, and elucidation of aggregation phenomena in atmospheric surfactant solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mateusz Urbańczyk
- NMR Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FIN-90014, Finland; Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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11
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Bahti A, Telfah A, Lambert J, Hergenröder R, Suter D. Optimal control pulses for subspectral editing in low field NMR. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2021; 328:106993. [PMID: 34029798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2021.106993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Low field NMR is an inexpensive and low footprint technique to obtain physical, chemical, electronic and structural information on small molecules, but suffers from poor spectral dispersion, especially when applied to the analysis of mixtures. Subspectral editing employing optimal control pulses is a suitable approach to cope with the severe signal superpositions in complex mixture spectra at low field. In this contribution, the use of optimal control pulses is demonstrated to be feasible at a field strength as low as 0.5 T. The optimal control pulse shapes were calculated using the Krotov algorithm. Downsizing the complexity of the algorithm from exponential to polynomial is shown to be possible by using a system approach with each system corresponding to a (small) molecule. In this way compound selective excitation pulses can be calculated. The signals of substructures of the cyclopentenone molecule were excited using optimal control pulses calculated by the Krotov algorithm demonstrating the feasibility of subspectral editing. Likewise, for a mixture of benzoic acid and alanine, editing of the signals of either benzoic acid or alanine employing optimal control pulses was shown to be possible. The obtained results are very promising and can be extended to the targeted analysis of complex mixtures such as biofluids or metabolic samples at low field strengths opening access for benchtop NMR to point of care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bahti
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., 44139 Dortmund, Germany; Experimental Physics III, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - A Telfah
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - J Lambert
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - R Hergenröder
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., 44139 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - D Suter
- Experimental Physics III, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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12
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Steimers E, Matviychuk Y, Friebel A, Münnemann K, von Harbou E, Holland DJ. A comparison of non-uniform sampling and model-based analysis of NMR spectra for reaction monitoring. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2021; 59:221-236. [PMID: 32892425 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is widely used for applications in the field of reaction and process monitoring. When complex reaction mixtures are studied, NMR spectra often suffer from low resolution and overlapping peaks, which places high demands on the method used to acquire or to analyse the NMR spectra. This work presents two NMR methods that help overcome these challenges: 2D non-uniform sampling (NUS) and a recently proposed model-based fitting approach for the analysis of 1D NMR spectra. We use the reaction of glycerol with acetic acid as it produces five reaction products that are all chemically similar and, hence, challenging to distinguish. The reaction was measured on a high-field 400 MHz NMR spectrometer with a 2D NUS-heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) and a conventional 1D 1 H NMR sequence. We show that comparable results can be obtained using both 2D and 1D methods, if the 2D volume integrals of the 2D NUS-HSQC NMR spectra are calibrated. Further, we monitor the same reaction on a low-field 43 MHz benchtop NMR spectrometer and analyse the acquired 1D 1 H NMR spectra with the model-based approach and with partial least-squares regression (PLS-R), both trained using a single, calibrated data set. Both methods achieve results that are in good quantitative agreement with the high-field data. However, the model-based method was found to be less sensitive to the training data set used than PLS-R and, hence, was more robust when the reaction conditions differed from that of the training data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Steimers
- Laboratory of Engineering Thermodynamics (LTD), Technische Universität Kaiserslautern (TUK), Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Yevgen Matviychuk
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Anne Friebel
- Laboratory of Engineering Thermodynamics (LTD), Technische Universität Kaiserslautern (TUK), Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Kerstin Münnemann
- Laboratory of Engineering Thermodynamics (LTD), Technische Universität Kaiserslautern (TUK), Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Erik von Harbou
- Laboratory of Engineering Thermodynamics (LTD), Technische Universität Kaiserslautern (TUK), Kaiserslautern, Germany
- BASF SE, Research and Development, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Daniel J Holland
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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13
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Gołowicz D, Kaźmierczak M, Kazimierczuk K. Benefits of time-resolved nonuniform sampling in reaction monitoring: The case of aza-Michael addition of benzylamine and acrylamide. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2021; 59:213-220. [PMID: 33016346 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring of chemical reactions is best carried out using methods that sample the test object at a rate greater than the time scale of the processes taking place. The recently proposed time-resolved nonuniform sampling (TR-NUS) method allows the use of two-dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra for this purpose and provides a time resolution equivalent to that achievable using one-dimensional spectra. Herein, we show that TR-NUS acquired data eliminates 2D spectral line disturbances and enables more accurate signal integration and kinetics conclusions. The considerations are exemplified with a seemingly simple aza-Michael reaction of benzylamine and acrylamide. Surprisingly, the product identification is possible only using 2D spectra, although credible monitoring requires TR-NUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Gołowicz
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kaźmierczak
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
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14
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van Beek TA. Low-field benchtop NMR spectroscopy: status and prospects in natural product analysis †. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2021; 32:24-37. [PMID: 31989704 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since a couple of years, low-field (LF) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometers (40-100 MHz) have re-entered the market. They are used for various purposes including analyses of natural products. Similar to high-field instruments (300-1200 MHz), modern LF instruments can measure multiple nuclei and record two-dimensional (2D) NMR spectra. OBJECTIVE To review the commercial availability as well as applications, advantages, limitations, and prospects of LF-NMR spectrometers for the purpose of natural products analysis. METHOD Commercial LF instruments were compared. A literature search was performed for articles using and discussing modern LF-NMR. Next, the articles relevant to natural products were read and summarised. RESULTS Seventy articles were reviewed. Most appeared in 2018 and 2019. Low costs and ease of operation are most often mentioned as reasons for using LF-NMR. CONCLUSION As the spectral resolution of LF instruments is limited, they are not used for structure elucidation of new natural products but rather applied for quality control (QC), forensics, food and health research, process control and teaching. Chemometric data handling is valuable. LF-NMR is a rapidly developing niche and new instruments keep being introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teris André van Beek
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
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15
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Urbańczyk M, Kharbanda Y, Mankinen O, Telkki VV. Accelerating Restricted Diffusion NMR Studies with Time-Resolved and Ultrafast Methods. Anal Chem 2020; 92:9948-9955. [PMID: 32551510 PMCID: PMC7439255 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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Restricted
diffusion of fluids in porous materials can be studied
by pulsed field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) non-invasively
and without tracers. If the experiment is repeated many times with
varying diffusion delays, detailed information about pore sizes and
tortuosity can be recorded. However, the measurements are very time-consuming
because numerous repetitions are needed for gradient ramping and varying
diffusion delays. In this paper, we demonstrate two different strategies
for acceleration of the restricted diffusion NMR measurements: time-resolved
diffusion NMR and ultrafast Laplace NMR. The former is based on time-resolved
non-uniform sampling, while the latter relies on spatial encoding
of two-dimensional data. Both techniques allow similar 1–2
order of magnitude acceleration of acquisition, but they have different
strengths and weaknesses, which we discuss in detail. The feasibility
of the methods was proven by investigating restricted diffusion of
water inside tracheid cells of thermally modified pine wood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Otto Mankinen
- NMR Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland.,Oulu Functional NeuroImaging Group, Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, 90029 Oulu, Finland
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16
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Chae H, Min S, Jeong HJ, Namgoong SK, Oh S, Kim K, Jeong K. Organic Reaction Monitoring of a Glycine Derivative Using Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange-Hyperpolarized Benchtop Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2020; 92:10902-10907. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Heelim Chae
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul 01797, South Korea
| | - Sein Min
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul 01797, South Korea
| | - Hye Jin Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Military Academy, Seoul 01805, South Korea
| | - Sung Keon Namgoong
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul 01797, South Korea
| | - Sangwon Oh
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Kiwoong Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
- Deparment of Medical Physics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Keunhong Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Military Academy, Seoul 01805, South Korea
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17
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Enhancing Compression Level for More Efficient Compressed Sensing and Other Lessons from NMR Spectroscopy. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20051325. [PMID: 32121309 PMCID: PMC7085760 DOI: 10.3390/s20051325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Modern nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) is based on two- and higher-dimensional experiments that allow the solving of molecular structures, i.e., determine the relative positions of single atoms very precisely. However, rich chemical information comes at the price of long data acquisition times (up to several days). This problem can be alleviated by compressed sensing (CS)—a method that revolutionized many fields of technology. It is known that CS performs the most efficiently when measured objects feature a high level of compressibility, which in the case of NMR signal means that its frequency domain representation (spectrum) has a low number of significant points. However, many NMR spectroscopists are not aware of the fact that various well-known signal acquisition procedures enhance compressibility and thus should be used prior to CS reconstruction. In this study, we discuss such procedures and show to what extent they are complementary to CS approaches. We believe that the survey will be useful not only for NMR spectroscopists but also to inspire the broader signal processing community.
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18
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Gołowicz D, Kasprzak P, Orekhov V, Kazimierczuk K. Fast time-resolved NMR with non-uniform sampling. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 116:40-55. [PMID: 32130958 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
NMR spectroscopy is a versatile tool for studying time-dependent processes: chemical reactions, phase transitions or macromolecular structure changes. However, time-resolved NMR is usually based on the simplest among available techniques - one-dimensional spectra serving as "snapshots" of the studied process. One of the reasons is that multidimensional experiments are very time-expensive due to costly sampling of evolution time space. In this review we summarize efforts to alleviate the problem of limited applicability of multidimensional NMR in time-resolved studies. We focus on techniques based on sparse or non-uniform sampling (NUS), which lead to experimental time reduction by omitting a significant part of the data during measurement and reconstructing it mathematically, adopting certain assumptions about the spectrum. NUS spectra are faster to acquire than conventional ones and thus better suited to the role of "snapshots", but still suffer from non-stationarity of the signal i.e. amplitude and frequency variations within a dataset. We discuss in detail how these instabilities affect the spectra, and what are the optimal ways of sampling the non-stationary FID signal. Finally, we discuss related areas of NMR where serial experiments are exploited and how they can benefit from the same NUS-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Gołowicz
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2C, Warsaw 02-097, Poland; Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, Warsaw 02-093, Poland.
| | - Paweł Kasprzak
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2C, Warsaw 02-097, Poland; Department of Mathematical Methods in Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Vladislav Orekhov
- Department of Chemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Box 462, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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A 300-fold enhancement of imino nucleic acid resonances by hyperpolarized water provides a new window for probing RNA refolding by 1D and 2D NMR. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:2449-2455. [PMID: 31949004 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1916956117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
NMR sensitivity-enhancement methods involving hyperpolarized water could be of importance for solution-state biophysical investigations. Hyperpolarized water (HyperW) can enhance the 1H NMR signals of exchangeable sites by orders of magnitude over their thermal counterparts, while providing insight into chemical exchange and solvent accessibility at a site-resolved level. As HyperW's enhancements are achieved by exploiting fast solvent exchanges associated with minimal interscan delays, possibilities for the rapid monitoring of chemical reactions and biomolecular (re)folding are opened. HyperW NMR can also accommodate heteronuclear transfers, facilitating the rapid acquisition of 2-dimensional (2D) 15N-1H NMR correlations, and thereby combining an enhanced spectral resolution with speed and sensitivity. This work demonstrates how these qualities can come together for the study of nucleic acids. HyperW injections were used to target the guanine-sensing riboswitch aptamer domain (GSRapt) of the xpt-pbuX operon in Bacillus subtilis Unlike what had been observed in proteins, where residues benefited of HyperW NMR only if/when sufficiently exposed to water, these enhancements applied to every imino resonance throughout the RNA. The >300-fold enhancements observed in the resulting 1H NMR spectra allowed us to monitor in real time the changes that GSRapt undergoes upon binding hypoxanthine, a high-affinity interaction leading to conformational refolding on a ∼1-s timescale at 36 °C. Structural responses could be identified for several nucleotides by 1-dimensional (1D) imino 1H NMR as well as by 2D HyperW NMR spectra acquired upon simultaneous injection of hyperpolarized water and hypoxanthine. The folding landscape revealed by this HyperW strategy for GSRapt, is briefly discussed.
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Gołowicz D, Kazimierczuk K, Urbańczyk M, Ratajczyk T. Monitoring Hydrogenation Reactions using Benchtop 2D NMR with Extraordinary Sensitivity and Spectral Resolution. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:196-200. [PMID: 30815327 PMCID: PMC6376214 DOI: 10.1002/open.201800294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-field benchtop nuclear magnetic resonance (BT-NMR) spectrometers with Halbach magnets are being increasingly used in science and industry as cost-efficient tools for the monitoring of chemical reactions, including hydrogenation. However, their use of low-field magnets limits both resolution and sensitivity. In this paper, we show that it is possible to alleviate these two problems through the combination of parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) and fast correlation spectroscopy with time-resolved non-uniform sampling (TR-NUS). PHIP can enhance NMR signals so that substrates are easily detectable on BT-NMR spectrometers. The interleaved acquisition of one- and two-dimensional spectra with TR-NUS provides unique insight into the consecutive moments of hydrogenation reactions, with a spectral resolution unachievable in a standard approach. We illustrate the potential of the technique with two examples: the hydrogenation of ethylphenyl propiolate and the hydrogenation of a mixture of two substrates - ethylphenyl propiolate and ethyl 2-butynoate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Gołowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research CentreUniversity of WarsawŻwirki i Wigury 10102-089WarsawPoland
- Centre of New TechnologiesUniversity of WarsawBanacha 2 C02-097WarsawPoland
| | | | - Mateusz Urbańczyk
- Centre of New TechnologiesUniversity of WarsawBanacha 2 C02-097WarsawPoland
- NMR Research UnitUniversity of Oulu90014OuluFinland
| | - Tomasz Ratajczyk
- Institute of Physical ChemistryPolish Academy of SciencesKasprzaka 44/5201-224WarsawPoland
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