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Franz R, Gál D, Bruhn C, Kelemen Z, Pietschnig R. Gradual Coordination and Reversible P-P Bond Activation of a P 3 -Unit with Transition Metal Carbonyls. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306805. [PMID: 38161225 PMCID: PMC10953586 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Coordination of a stereochemically defined P3 -chain to a series of transition metal carbonyls [M(CO)x ]z- (M = Mn (x = 5, z = 1), Fe (x = 4, z = 2) or Co (x = 4, z = 1)) is explored using a [3]ferrocenophane scaffold. A gradual transition from η1 -, η2 - to η3 -coordination is observed where in the η2 -mode the terminal positions of the phosphorus chain are bridged. With an excess of cobalt carbonyl successive P-P bond activation and gradual separation of the central phosphorus atoms from the phosphorus chain has been observed. This process is reversible and with suitable reagents such as methyl lithium, the P3 -unit is regenerated in stereospecific manner. The bonding situation and steps of the gradual P-P bond activation are investigated by DFT calculations as well as experimental methods (e.g., NMR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Franz
- Institute for Chemistry and CINSaTUniversity of KasselHeinrich‐Plett‐Straße 4034132KasselGermany
| | - Dalma Gál
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsMűegyetem Rkp 3.Budapest1111Hungary
| | - Clemens Bruhn
- Institute for Chemistry and CINSaTUniversity of KasselHeinrich‐Plett‐Straße 4034132KasselGermany
| | - Zsolt Kelemen
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsMűegyetem Rkp 3.Budapest1111Hungary
| | - Rudolf Pietschnig
- Institute for Chemistry and CINSaTUniversity of KasselHeinrich‐Plett‐Straße 4034132KasselGermany
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Franz R, Szathmári B, Bruhn C, Kelemen Z, Pietschnig R. Gradual Donor Stabilization of a Transient Ferrocene Bridged Bisphosphanyl Phosphenium Cation. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:4341-4350. [PMID: 36827512 PMCID: PMC10015459 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
A transient phosphenium cation embedded into a [3]ferrocenophane scaffold was formed via chloride abstraction. The cation has been trapped with phosphane, carbene, and silylene donors resulting in stable adducts or bond activation of the ferrocenophane bridge. In the absence of donors, dimerization of the phosphenium cation to the corresponding dication is observed or P-C bond activation with migration of a substituent leading to a putative phosphoniodiphosphene. Using 1,3-di-tert-butylimidazol-2-silylene as the donor, further reaction of the initially formed chlorosilane leads to activation of a P-P bond of the ferrocenophane scaffold with ring expansion of the ansa-bridge. The donor formation and bonding situation are investigated by density functional theory calculations as well as experimental methods (e.g., NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Franz
- Institute for Chemistry and CINSaT, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Balázs Szathmári
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem Rkp 3, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Clemens Bruhn
- Institute for Chemistry and CINSaT, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Zsolt Kelemen
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem Rkp 3, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rudolf Pietschnig
- Institute for Chemistry and CINSaT, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
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3
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Ott A, Nagy PR, Benkő Z. Stability of Carbocyclic Phosphinyl Radicals: Effect of Ring Size, Delocalization, and Sterics. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:16266-16281. [PMID: 36197796 PMCID: PMC9583709 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
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In this computational study, we report on the stability
of cyclic
phosphinyl radicals with an aim for a systematical assessment of stabilization
effects. The radical stabilization energies (RSEs) were calculated
using isodesmic reactions for a large number of carbocyclic radicals
possessing different ring sizes and grades of unsaturation. In general,
the RSE values range from −1.2 to −14.0 kcal·mol–1, and they show practically no correlation with the
spin populations at the P-centers. The RSE values correlate with the
reaction Gibbs free energies calculated for the dimerization of the
studied simple radicals. Therefore, the more easily accessible RSE
values offer a cost-effective estimation of global stability in a
straightforward manner. To explore the effect of unsaturation on the
RSE values, delocalization energies were determined using appropriate
isodesmic reactions. Introducing unsaturations beside the P-center
into the backbone of the rings leads to an additive increase in the
magnitude of the delocalization energy (∼10, 20, and 30 kcal·mol–1, respectively, for radicals with one, two, and three
C=C bonds in the conjugation). Parallelly, the spin populations
at the P-centers also dwindle gradually by ∼0.1 e in the same
order, indicating that the lone electron delocalizes over the π-system.
Radicals containing exocyclic C=C π-bonds were also investigated,
and all of these radicals have rather similar stabilities independently
of the ring size, outlining the primary importance of the two exocyclic
π-bonds in the conjugation. Among the radicals involved in our
study, those with the best electronic stabilization are the unsaturated
three-, five-, six-, and seven-membered rings containing the maximum
number of conjugated vinyl fragments. The largest delocalization energy
of 31.5 kcal·mol–1 and the lowest obtained
spin population of 0.665 e were found for the fully unsaturated seven-membered
radical (phosphepin derivative). Importantly, the electronic stabilization
effects alone are insufficient for stabilizing the radicals in monomeric
forms epitomized by the exothermic dimerization energies (−40
to −58 kcal·mol–1). Therefore, it is
essential to apply sterically demanding bulky substituents on the
α-C-atoms. Tweaking the steric congestion enabled us to propose
radicals that are expected to be stable against dimerization and,
consequently, may be realistic target species for synthetic investigations.
The effects contributing to the stability of radicals having sterically
encumbered substituents have also been explored. To systematically evaluate the stabilization
effects, the
radical stabilization energies of various carbocyclic phosphinyl radicals
having saturated backbones or unsaturation(s) in either endocyclic
or exocyclic manner have been determined and analyzed. As the electronic
stabilization is alone insufficient to hamper the possible dimerization
of these species, the effect of several sterically demanding substituents
has been explored for the congeners with best electronic stabilizations,
thus enabling us to propose synthetically accessible candidates in
the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ott
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter R Nagy
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.,ELKH-BME Quantum Chemistry Research Group, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Benkő
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.,ELKH-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research Group, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
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Buzsáki D, Nyulászi L, Pietschnig R, Gudat D, Kelemen Z. Bending Ferrocenes with Low Coordinated Bridging Units: The Investigation of Carbenes and Their Analogues with a Ferrocenophane Backbone. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dániel Buzsáki
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, and ELKH-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research Group, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Nyulászi
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, and ELKH-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research Group, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rudolf Pietschnig
- Institut für Chemie und CINSaT, Universität Kassel, Heinrich Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Dietrich Gudat
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Zsolt Kelemen
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, and ELKH-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research Group, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
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Oligo- and polymerization of phospha [2]ferrocenophanes to one dimensional phosphorus chains with ferrocenylene handles. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Weller S, Klenk R, Kelemen Z, Nyulászi L, Nieger M, Gudat D. A P‐Functionalized [3]Ferrocenophane with a Dynamic SPS‐Bridge. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Weller
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70550 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Robert Klenk
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70550 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Zsolt Kelemen
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry and MTA-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research Group Budapest University of Technology and Economics Szent Gellért tér 4 1111 Budapest Hungary
| | - László Nyulászi
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry and MTA-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research Group Budapest University of Technology and Economics Szent Gellért tér 4 1111 Budapest Hungary
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of Chemistry University of Helsinki P.O Box 55 00014 University of Helsinki Finland
| | - Dietrich Gudat
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70550 Stuttgart Germany
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Franz R, Bruhn C, Pietschnig R. C2-Symmetric P-Stereogenic Ferrocene Ligands with Heavier Chalcogenophosphinous Acid Ester Donor Sites. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26071899. [PMID: 33801715 PMCID: PMC8037359 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
tert-Butyl-substituted diphospha[2]ferrocenophane was used as a stereochemically confined diphosphane to investigate the addition of various dichalcoganes (R2Ch2; Ch = S, Se, Te and R = Me, Ph). Bischalcogenophosphinous acid esters bearing four soft donor sides were obtained as a mixture of rac and meso diastereomers and characterized by means of multinuclear NMR and X-ray analysis. The coordination chemistry of multidentate ligand 3b was explored toward d10 coinage metal centers (Cu(I), Ag(I), and Au(I)), yielding various bimetallic complexes.
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Franz R, Nasemann S, Bruhn C, Kelemen Z, Pietschnig R. Chalcogen-Transfer Rearrangement: Exploring Inter- versus Intramolecular P-P Bond Activation. Chemistry 2021; 27:641-648. [PMID: 32678960 PMCID: PMC7839705 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
tert-Butyl-substituted diphospha[2]ferrocenophane has been used as a stereochemically confined diphosphane to explore the addition of O, S, Se and Te. Although the diphosphanylchalcogane has been obtained for tellurium, all other chalcogens give diphosphane monochalcogenides. The latter transform via chalcogen-transfer rearrangement to the corresponding diphosphanylchalcoganes upon heating. The kinetics of this rearrangement has been followed with NMR spectroscopy supported by DFT calculations. Intermediates during rearrangement point to a disproportionation/synproportionation mechanism for the S and Se derivatives. Cyclic voltammetry together with DFT studies indicate ferrocene-centred oxidation for most of the compounds presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Franz
- Institute for Chemistry and CINSaTUniversity of KasselHeinrich Plett-Strasse 4034132KasselGermany
| | - Sina Nasemann
- Institute for Chemistry and CINSaTUniversity of KasselHeinrich Plett-Strasse 4034132KasselGermany
| | - Clemens Bruhn
- Institute for Chemistry and CINSaTUniversity of KasselHeinrich Plett-Strasse 4034132KasselGermany
| | - Zsolt Kelemen
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryBudapest University of Technology and Economics and MTA-BME, Computation Driven Chemistry Research GroupSzent Gellért tér 41111BudapestHungary
| | - Rudolf Pietschnig
- Institute for Chemistry and CINSaTUniversity of KasselHeinrich Plett-Strasse 4034132KasselGermany
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Popp J, Hanf S, Hey‐Hawkins E. Unusual Racemization of Tertiary P-Chiral Ferrocenyl Phosphines. Chemistry 2020; 26:5765-5769. [PMID: 32048370 PMCID: PMC7317868 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Tertiary phosphines are generally known to withstand inversion under moderate conditions. In this work, a remarkable racemization process of three P-chiral ferrocenyl phosphines is reported. Subjected to conventional column chromatography as highly enantioenriched compounds, they greatly experienced racemization when collected at the column outlet within minutes. Initially, attention was drawn to this unusual inversion behavior after observing that the superb enantiomeric excess of these ligands (>95 % ee in all cases) was almost lost in their corresponding ruthenium(II) complexes. Successively excluding possible racemization causes, these P-chiral ferrocenyl phosphines were found to undergo a significant, acid-catalyzed racemization process at room temperature within a few minutes. This process is mainly observed during standard column chromatography by using conventional silica or alumina, but can also be triggered deliberately by addition of certain acids. Therefore, the stereochemical preservation of P-chiral phosphines during their purification may per se not always be guaranteed, since column chromatography is the most frequently used technique for purifying such types of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Popp
- Faculty of Chemistry and MineralogyInstitute of Inorganic ChemistryLeipzig UniversityJohannisallee 2904103LeipzigGermany
| | - Schirin Hanf
- Faculty of Chemistry and MineralogyInstitute of Inorganic ChemistryLeipzig UniversityJohannisallee 2904103LeipzigGermany
- Department of ChemistryCambridge UniversityLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Evamarie Hey‐Hawkins
- Faculty of Chemistry and MineralogyInstitute of Inorganic ChemistryLeipzig UniversityJohannisallee 2904103LeipzigGermany
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Dey S, Buzsáki D, Bruhn C, Kelemen Z, Pietschnig R. Bulky 1,1'-bisphosphanoferrocenes and their coordination behaviour towards Cu(i). Dalton Trans 2020; 49:6668-6681. [PMID: 32342065 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00941e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Two bulky mesityl substituted dppf-analogues Fe(C5H4PMes2)2 (Mes = 2,4,6-Me3C6H2, 1) and Fe(C5H4PMes2)(C5H4PPh2) (Mes = 2,4,6-Me3C6H2, Ph = C6H5, 3) have been prepared and their properties as donor ligands have been explored using heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy and in particular via1JP-Se coupling, cyclic voltammetry and DFT calculations. Based on the results obtained, a series of mono- and dinuclear Cu(i) complexes have been prepared with these new diphosphane ligands using Br-, I-, and BF4- as counter anions. For the very bulky ligand 1 rare and unprecedented double bridging complexation modes have been observed containing two non-planar Cu2Br2 units, while for the other dinuclear complexes planar Cu2Br2 units have been found. The Cu(i) complexes of 1 and 3 were then used as catalysts for CO2-fixation reaction with terminal alkynes, and complexes with ligand 3 were found to be more efficient than those with 1. DFT calculations performed on compounds 1, 3 and their Cu(i) complexes were able to verify the trend of these catalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhayan Dey
- Institut für Chemie und CINSaT, University of Kassel, Heinrich Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany.
| | - Daniel Buzsáki
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, and MTA-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research Group, Szent Gellért tér 4, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Clemens Bruhn
- Institut für Chemie und CINSaT, University of Kassel, Heinrich Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany.
| | - Zsolt Kelemen
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, and MTA-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research Group, Szent Gellért tér 4, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rudolf Pietschnig
- Institut für Chemie und CINSaT, University of Kassel, Heinrich Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany.
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Weller S, Schlindwein SH, Feil CM, Kelemen Z, Buzsáki D, Nyulászi L, Isenberg S, Pietschnig R, Nieger M, Gudat D. A Ferrocenophane-Based Diaminophosphenium Ion. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Weller
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Simon H. Schlindwein
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christoph M. Feil
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Zsolt Kelemen
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics and MTA-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research Group, Szent Gellért tér 4, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dániel Buzsáki
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics and MTA-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research Group, Szent Gellért tér 4, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Nyulászi
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics and MTA-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research Group, Szent Gellért tér 4, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Stefan Isenberg
- Institut für Chemie und CINSaT, Universität Kassel, Heinrich Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Rudolf Pietschnig
- Institut für Chemie und CINSaT, Universität Kassel, Heinrich Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dietrich Gudat
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
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Isenberg S, Weller S, Kargin D, Valić S, Schwederski B, Kelemen Z, Bruhn C, Krekić K, Maurer M, Feil CM, Nieger M, Gudat D, Nyulászi L, Pietschnig R. Bis-[3]Ferrocenophanes with Central >E-E'< Bonds (E, E'=P, SiH): Preparation, Properties, and Thermal Activation. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:1235-1243. [PMID: 31592068 PMCID: PMC6769432 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of bis-[3]ferrocenophanes of the general type Fe(C5H4E')2E-E(E'C5H4)2Fe (E=P, SiH and E'=PtBu, NneoPentyl, NSi(CH3)3) with an isolobal molecular framework have been prepared and characterized by heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. The thermal dissociation behavior with respect to homolytic fission of the central bond generating phosphorus centered radicals was investigated using EPR spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Isenberg
- Institute for Chemistry and CINSaTUniversity of KasselHeinrich Plett-Straße 4034132KasselGermany
| | - Stefan Weller
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570550StuttgartGermany
| | - Denis Kargin
- Institute for Chemistry and CINSaTUniversity of KasselHeinrich Plett-Straße 4034132KasselGermany
| | - Srećko Valić
- Ruđer Bošković InstituteBijenička cesta 5410000ZagrebCroatia
| | - Brigitte Schwederski
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570550StuttgartGermany
| | - Zsolt Kelemen
- Institute for Chemistry and CINSaTUniversity of KasselHeinrich Plett-Straße 4034132KasselGermany
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry and MTA-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research GroupBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsSzent Gellért tér 41111BudapestHungary
| | - Clemens Bruhn
- Institute for Chemistry and CINSaTUniversity of KasselHeinrich Plett-Straße 4034132KasselGermany
| | - Kristijan Krekić
- Institute for Chemistry and CINSaTUniversity of KasselHeinrich Plett-Straße 4034132KasselGermany
| | - Martin Maurer
- Institute for Chemistry and CINSaTUniversity of KasselHeinrich Plett-Straße 4034132KasselGermany
| | - Christoph M. Feil
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570550StuttgartGermany
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiP.O Box 55Helsinki00014Finland
| | - Dietrich Gudat
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570550StuttgartGermany
| | - László Nyulászi
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry and MTA-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research GroupBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsSzent Gellért tér 41111BudapestHungary
| | - Rudolf Pietschnig
- Institute for Chemistry and CINSaTUniversity of KasselHeinrich Plett-Straße 4034132KasselGermany
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