1
|
Suthar J, Alvarez-Fernandez A, Osarfo-Mensah E, Angioletti-Uberti S, Williams GR, Guldin S. Amplified EQCM-D detection of extracellular vesicles using 2D gold nanostructured arrays fabricated by block copolymer self-assembly. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2023; 8:460-472. [PMID: 36825603 PMCID: PMC10042438 DOI: 10.1039/d2nh00424k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are routinely released from nearly all cell types as transport vehicles and for cell communication. Crucially, they contain biomolecular content for the identification of health and disease states that can be detected from readily accessible physiological fluids, including urine, plasma, or saliva. Despite their clinical utility within noninvasive diagnostic platforms such as liquid biopsies, the currently available portfolio of analytical approaches are challenged by EV heterogeneity in size and composition, as well as the complexity of native biofluids. Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) has recently emerged as a powerful alternative for the phenotypic detection of EVs, offering multiple modes of analyte discrimination by frequency and dissipation. While providing rich data for sensor development, further progress is required to reduce detection limits and fully exploit the technique's potential within biosensing. Herein, we investigate the impact of nanostructuring the sensor electrode surface for enhancing its detection capabilities. We employ self-assembly of the block copolymer polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) to create well defined 2D gold islands via selective impregnation of the pyridine domain with gold precursors and subsequent removal of the template. When matched to the EV length scale, we find a 4-fold improvement in sensitivity despite a 4-fold reduction in area for analyte and ligand anchoring in comparison to a flat sensor surface. Creation of tailored and confined sensing regions interspersed by non-binding silica provides optimal spatial orientation for EV capture with reduced steric effects and negative cooperativity of grafted antibodies, offering a promising route for facilitated binding and enhanced performance of sensor platforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jugal Suthar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK.
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, Bloomsbury, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Alberto Alvarez-Fernandez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK.
| | - Esther Osarfo-Mensah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK.
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | | | - Gareth R Williams
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, Bloomsbury, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Stefan Guldin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
PS-b-P4VP block copolymer micelles as a soft template to grow openly porous nickel films for alkaline hydrogen evolution. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
3
|
Sun C, Zhou S, Li J, Qi C, Gao Y. Formation of n-Hexane-in-DMF Nonaqueous Pickering Emulsions: ABC Triblock Worms versus AB Diblock Worms. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:10128-10138. [PMID: 35951599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nonaqueous Pickering emulsions exhibit promising applications in many industrial areas but have been relatively less studied in the past. In this study, n-hexane-in-DMF nonaqueous Pickering emulsions stabilized by core cross-linked copolymer worms with mixed shells are demonstrated for the first time. Core cross-linked copolymer worms with mixed shells were prepared by seeded reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) quasi-solution polymerization. Specifically, polystyrene-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PS-P4VP) diblock copolymer worms were first prepared via RAFT-mediated dispersion polymerization in toluene under the given conditions using PS as both the macro-CTA and the stabilizer block. After the chemical cross-linking of P4VP cores, PS-P4VP diblock copolymer worms were chain-extended with LMA in DMF/toluene (1:9, weight ratio) mixed solvents, producing core cross-linked PS-P4VP-PLMA worms with PS/PLMA mixed shells. The as-prepared core cross-linked PS-P4VP-PLMA worms with mixed PS/PLMA shells were further utilized as Pickering emulsifiers for the generation of nonaqueous n-hexane-in-DMF Pickering emulsions. The emulsifying performances of mixed-shell copolymer worms were compared with those of their spherical and linear analogues with entirely identical chemical compositions as well as PS-P4VP diblock copolymer worm precursors, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changsheng Sun
- College of Chemistry and Key Lab of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application in Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan Province 411105, China
| | - Shujing Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang Province 154007, China
| | - Jinjing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang Province 154007, China
| | - Chenze Qi
- Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process of Zhejiang Province, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province 312000, China
- School of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang Province 154007, China
| | - Yong Gao
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province 213164, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kurz H, Hils C, Timm J, Hörner G, Greiner A, Marschall R, Schmalz H, Weber B. Self-Assembled Fluorescent Block Copolymer Micelles with Responsive Emission. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202117570. [PMID: 35129881 PMCID: PMC9310857 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202117570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Responsive fluorescent materials offer a high potential for sensing and (bio-)imaging applications. To investigate new concepts for such materials and to broaden their applicability, the previously reported non-fluorescent zinc(II) complex [Zn(L)] that shows coordination-induced turn-on emission was encapsulated into a family of non-fluorescent polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P4VP) diblock copolymer micelles leading to brightly emissive materials. Coordination-induced turn-on emission upon incorporation and ligation of the [Zn(L)] in the P4VP core outperform parent [Zn(L)] in pyridine solution with respect to lifetimes, quantum yields, and temperature resistance. The quantum yield can be easily tuned by tailoring the selectivity of the employed solvent or solvent mixture and, thus, the tendency of the PS-b-P4VP diblock copolymers to self-assemble into micelles. A medium-dependent off-on sensor upon micelle formation could be established by suppression of non-micelle-borne emission background pertinent to chloroform through controlled acidification indicating an additional pH-dependent process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Kurz
- Department of ChemistryInorganic Chemistry IVUniversity of BayreuthUniversitätsstrasse 3095447BayreuthGermany
| | - Christian Hils
- Macromolecular Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer InstituteUniversity of BayreuthUniversitätsstrasse 3095440BayreuthGermany
| | - Jana Timm
- Department of ChemistryPhysical Chemistry IIIUniversity of BayreuthUniversitätsstrasse 3095447BayreuthGermany
| | - Gerald Hörner
- Department of ChemistryInorganic Chemistry IVUniversity of BayreuthUniversitätsstrasse 3095447BayreuthGermany
| | - Andreas Greiner
- Macromolecular Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer InstituteUniversity of BayreuthUniversitätsstrasse 3095440BayreuthGermany
| | - Roland Marschall
- Department of ChemistryPhysical Chemistry IIIUniversity of BayreuthUniversitätsstrasse 3095447BayreuthGermany
| | - Holger Schmalz
- Macromolecular Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer InstituteUniversity of BayreuthUniversitätsstrasse 3095440BayreuthGermany
| | - Birgit Weber
- Department of ChemistryInorganic Chemistry IVUniversity of BayreuthUniversitätsstrasse 3095447BayreuthGermany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kurz H, Hils C, Timm J, Hörner G, Greiner A, Marschall R, Schmalz H, Weber B. Selbstassemblierte fluoreszierende Blockcopolymer‐Mizellen mit responsiver Emission. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202117570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Kurz
- Institut für Chemie Anorganische Chemie IV Universität Bayreuth Universitätsstrasse 30 95447 Bayreuth Deutschland
| | - Christian Hils
- Macromolecular Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute University of Bayreuth Universitätsstrasse 30 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Jana Timm
- Institut für Chemie Physikalische Chemie III Universität Bayreuth Universitätsstrasse 30 95447 Bayreuth Deutschland
| | - Gerald Hörner
- Institut für Chemie Anorganische Chemie IV Universität Bayreuth Universitätsstrasse 30 95447 Bayreuth Deutschland
| | - Andreas Greiner
- Macromolecular Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute University of Bayreuth Universitätsstrasse 30 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Roland Marschall
- Institut für Chemie Physikalische Chemie III Universität Bayreuth Universitätsstrasse 30 95447 Bayreuth Deutschland
| | - Holger Schmalz
- Macromolecular Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute University of Bayreuth Universitätsstrasse 30 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Birgit Weber
- Institut für Chemie Anorganische Chemie IV Universität Bayreuth Universitätsstrasse 30 95447 Bayreuth Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Göbel C, Marquardt K, Baabe D, Drechsler M, Loch P, Breu J, Greiner A, Schmalz H, Weber B. Realizing shape and size control for the synthesis of coordination polymer nanoparticles templated by diblock copolymer micelles. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:3131-3147. [PMID: 35142327 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr07743k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The combination of polymers with nanoparticles offers the possibility to obtain customizable composite materials with additional properties such as sensing or bistability provided by a switchable spin crossover (SCO) core. For all applications, a precise control over size and shape of the nanomaterial is highly important as it will significantly influence its final properties. By confined synthesis of iron(II) SCO coordination polymers within the P4VP cores of polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P4VP) micelles in THF we are able to control the size and also the shape of the resulting SCO nanocomposite particles by the composition of the PS-b-P4VP diblock copolymers (dBCPs) and the amount of complex employed. For the nanocomposite samples with the highest P4VP content, a morphological transition from spherical nanoparticles to worm-like structures was observed with increasing coordination polymer content, which can be explained with the impact of complex coordination on the self-assembly of the dBCP. Furthermore, the SCO nanocomposites showed transition temperatures of T1/2 = 217 K, up to 27 K wide hysteresis loops and a decrease of the residual high-spin fraction down to γHS = 14% in the worm-like structures, as determined by magnetic susceptibility measurements and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Thus, SCO properties close or even better (hysteresis) to those of the bulk material can be obtained and furthermore tuned through size and shape control realized by tailoring the block length ratio of the PS-b-P4VP dBCPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Göbel
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry IV, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Katharina Marquardt
- Bavarian Research Institute of Experimental Geochemistry and Geophysics (BGI), Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Dirk Baabe
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Markus Drechsler
- Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Patrick Loch
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry I, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Josef Breu
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry I, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Andreas Greiner
- Department of Chemistry, Macromolecular Chemistry II and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Holger Schmalz
- Department of Chemistry, Macromolecular Chemistry II and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Birgit Weber
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry IV, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Löfstrand A, Vorobiev A, Mumtaz M, Borsali R, Maximov I. Sequential Infiltration Synthesis into Maltoheptaose and Poly(styrene): Implications for Sub-10 nm Pattern Transfer. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:654. [PMID: 35215576 PMCID: PMC8878060 DOI: 10.3390/polym14040654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vapor phase infiltration into a self-assembled block copolymer (BCP) to create a hybrid material in one of the constituent blocks can enhance the etch selectivity for pattern transfer. Multiple pulse infiltration into carbohydrate-based high-χ BCP has previously been shown to enable sub-10 nm feature pattern transfer. By optimizing the amount of infiltrated material, the etch selectivity should be further improved. Here, an investigation of semi-static sequential infiltration synthesis of trimethyl aluminum (TMA) and water into maltoheptaose (MH) films, and into hydroxyl-terminated poly(styrene) (PS-OH) films, was performed, by varying the process parameters temperature, precursor pulse duration, and precursor exposure length. It was found that, by decreasing the exposure time from 100 to 20 s, the volumetric percentage on included pure Al2O3 in MH could be increased from 2 to 40 vol% at the expense of a decreased infiltration depth. Furthermore, the degree of infiltration was minimally affected by temperature between 64 and 100 °C. Shorter precursor pulse durations of 10 ms TMA and 5 ms water, as well as longer precursor pulses of 75 ms TMA and 45 ms water, were both shown to promote a higher degree, 40 vol%, of infiltrated alumina in MH. As proof of concept, 12 nm pitch pattern transfer into silicon was demonstrated using the method and can be concluded to be one of few studies showing pattern transfer at such small pitch. These results are expected to be of use for further understanding of the mechanisms involved in sequential infiltration synthesis of TMA/water into MH, and for further optimization of carbohydrate-based etch masks for sub-10 nm pattern transfer. Enabling techniques for high aspect ratio pattern transfer at the single nanometer scale could be of high interest, e.g., in the high-end transistor industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anette Löfstrand
- NanoLund and Solid State Physics, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Alexei Vorobiev
- Division for Materials Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Muhammad Mumtaz
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000 Grenoble, France; (M.M.); (R.B.)
| | - Redouane Borsali
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000 Grenoble, France; (M.M.); (R.B.)
| | - Ivan Maximov
- NanoLund and Solid State Physics, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Masud A, Wu W, Singh M, Tonny W, Ammar A, Sharma K, Strzalka JW, Terlier T, Douglas JF, Karim A. Solvent Processing and Ionic Liquid-Enabled Long-Range Vertical Ordering in Block Copolymer Films with Enhanced Film Stability. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Masud
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Wenjie Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Maninderjeet Singh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Wafa Tonny
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Ali Ammar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Kshitij Sharma
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Joseph W. Strzalka
- X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Tanguy Terlier
- Shared Equipment Authority, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Jack F. Douglas
- Materials Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Alamgir Karim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Konefał M, Černoch P, Patsula V, Pavlova E, Dybal J, Załęski K, Zhigunov A. Enhanced Ordering of Block Copolymer Thin Films upon Addition of Magnetic Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:9195-9205. [PMID: 33565869 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c21549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The influence of magnetite nanoparticles coated with poly(acrylic acid) (Fe3O4@PAA NPs) on the organization of block copolymer thin films via a self-assembly process was investigated. Polystyrene-b-poly(4-vinylpyridine) films were obtained by the dip-coating method and thoroughly examined by X-ray reflectivity, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and grazing incidence small-angle scattering. Magnetic properties of the films were probed via superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry. It was demonstrated that due to the hydrogen bonding between P4VP and PAA, the Fe3O4@PAA NPs segregate selectively inside P4VP domains, enhancing the microphase separation process. This in turn, together with employing carefully optimized dip-coating parameters, results in the formation of hybrid thin films with highly ordered nanostructures. The addition of Fe3O4@PAA nanoparticles does not change the average interdomain spacing in the film lateral nanostructure. Moreover, it was shown that the nanoparticles can easily be removed to obtain well-ordered nanoporous templates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Konefał
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Černoch
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Vitalii Patsula
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ewa Pavlova
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Dybal
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Karol Załęski
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Alexander Zhigunov
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Leniart A, Pula P, Tsai EHR, Majewski PW. Large-Grained Cylindrical Block Copolymer Morphologies by One-Step Room-Temperature Casting. Macromolecules 2020; 53:11178-11189. [PMID: 33380751 PMCID: PMC7759006 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We report a facile method of ordering block copolymer (BCP) morphologies in which the conventional two-step casting and annealing steps are replaced by a single-step process where microphase separation and grain coarsening are seamlessly integrated within the casting protocol. This is achieved by slowing down solvent evaporation during casting by introducing a nonvolatile solvent into the BCP casting solution that effectively prolongs the duration of the grain-growth phase. We demonstrate the utility of this solvent evaporation annealing (SEA) method by producing well-ordered large-molecular-weight BCP thin films in a total processing time shorter than 3 min without resorting to any extra laboratory equipment other than a basic casting device, i.e., spin- or blade-coater. By analyzing the morphologies of the quenched samples, we identify a relatively narrow range of polymer concentration in the wet film, just above the order-disorder concentration, to be critical for obtaining large-grained morphologies. This finding is corroborated by the analysis of the grain-growth kinetics of horizontally oriented cylindrical domains where relatively large growth exponents (1/2) are observed, indicative of a more rapid defect-annihilation mechanism in the concentrated BCP solution than in thermally annealed BCP melts. Furthermore, the analysis of temperature-resolved kinetics data allows us to calculate the Arrhenius activation energy of the grain coarsening in this one-step BCP ordering process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Przemyslaw Pula
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02089, Poland
| | - Esther H. R. Tsai
- Center
for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven
National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gu PY, Jiang Y, Fink Z, Xie G, Hu Q, Kim PY, Xu QF, Lu JM, Russell TP. Conductive Thin Films over Large Areas by Supramolecular Self-Assembly. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:54020-54025. [PMID: 33200916 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c13488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report a "one-step" method for preparing conductive thin films with cylindrical microdomains oriented normal to the surface over large areas using the supramolecular assembly of poly(styrene-block-4-vinylpyridine) (PS19-b-P4VP5) and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-21H,23H-porphine (HOTPP). HOTPP interacts with the P4VP block by hydrogen bonding between the hydroxyl group of HOTPP and pyridine ring of PS19-b-P4VP5, forming cylindrical P4VP(HOTPP) domains having an average diameter of ∼17 nm in a PS matrix. Dynamic light scattering, contact angle, and in situ grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering measurements show a morphological transition from spherical micelles in solution to cylindrical microdomains oriented normal to the substrate surface during the drying process. From the dependence of current on voltage, an average current of ∼4.0 nA is found to pass through a single microdomain, pointing to a promising route for organic semiconductor device applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yang Gu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation, Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yufeng Jiang
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Applied Science and Technology, University of California, Berkeley, 210 Hearst Memorial Mining Building, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Zachary Fink
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Ganhua Xie
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Qin Hu
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Paul Y Kim
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Qing-Feng Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation, Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Mei Lu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation, Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Thomas P Russell
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Plank M, Hartmann F, Kuttich B, Kraus T, Gallei M. Self-assembly of amphiphilic poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-containing block copolymers in the vicinity of cellulose fibres. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
13
|
Nanoparticle assembly under block copolymer confinement: The effect of nanoparticle size and confinement strength. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 578:441-451. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.05.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
14
|
Löfstrand A, Svensson J, Wernersson LE, Maximov I. Feature size control using surface reconstruction temperature in block copolymer lithography for InAs nanowire growth. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:325303. [PMID: 32330916 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab8cef] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Here we present a method to control the size of the openings in hexagonally organized BCP thin films of poly(styrene)-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P4VP) by using surface reconstruction. The surface reconstruction is based on selective swelling of the P4VP block in ethanol, and its extraction to the surface of the film, resulting in pores upon drying. We found that the BCP pore diameter increases with ethanol immersion temperature. In our case, the temperature range 18 to 60 °C allowed fine-tuning of the pore size between 14 and 22 nm. A conclusion is that even though the molecular weight of the respective polymer blocks is fixed, the PS-b-P4VP pore diameter can be tuned by controlling temperature during surface reconstruction. These results can be used for BCP-based nanofabrication in general, and for vertical nanowire growth in particular, where high pattern density and diameter control are of importance. Finally, we demonstrate successful growth of indium arsenide InAs vertical nanowires by selective-area metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE), using a silicon nitride mask patterned by the proposed PS-b-P4VP surface reconstruction lithography method.
Collapse
|
15
|
Konefał M, Zhigunov A, Pavlova E, Černoch P, Pop-Georgievski O, Špírková M. Adjustable self-assembly in polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) dip-coated thin films. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
16
|
Lee J, Park J, Jung J, Lee D, Chang T. Phase Behavior of Polystyrene- b-polyisoprene- b-poly(methyl methacrylate) Triblock Terpolymer upon Solvent Vapor Annealing. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
17
|
Zhao W, Zhang Y, Wang X, Hu X, Liu F, Russell TP, Zhou G. Highly oriented and ordered microstructures in block copolymer films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- SCNU‐TUE Joint Laboratory of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM) South China Normal University No. 378, West Waihuan Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, 510006, Guangzhou China
| | - Yi Zhang
- SCNU‐TUE Joint Laboratory of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM) South China Normal University No. 378, West Waihuan Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, 510006, Guangzhou China
| | - Xiao Wang
- SCNU‐TUE Joint Laboratory of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM) South China Normal University No. 378, West Waihuan Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, 510006, Guangzhou China
| | - Xiaowen Hu
- SCNU‐TUE Joint Laboratory of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM) South China Normal University No. 378, West Waihuan Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, 510006, Guangzhou China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Collaborative, Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA) Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai 200240 People's Republic of China
| | - Thomas P. Russell
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
- Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | - Guofu Zhou
- SCNU‐TUE Joint Laboratory of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM) South China Normal University No. 378, West Waihuan Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, 510006, Guangzhou China
- Shenzhen Guohua Optoelectronics Tech. Co. Ltd. No. 1301‐1, Tourism Road, Dabu Xiang, Longhua District, 518110, Shenzhen China
- Academy of Shenzhen Guohua Optoelectronics No. 1301‐1, Tourism Road, Dabu Xiang, Longhua District, Shenzhen, 518110 China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Caicedo‐Casso E, Sargent J, Dorin RM, Wiesner UB, Phillip WA, Boudouris BW, Erk KA. A rheometry method to assess the evaporation‐induced mechanical strength development of polymer solutions used for membrane applications. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica Sargent
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907
| | - Rachel M. Dorin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853‐1505
| | - Ulrich B. Wiesner
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853‐1505
| | - William A. Phillip
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Notre Dame Notre Dame Indiana 46556
| | - Bryan W. Boudouris
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907
| | - Kendra A. Erk
- School of Materials Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kim E, Park S, Han YS, Kim TH. Effect of solvent selectivity on supramolecular assemblies of block copolymer by solvent-vapor annealing. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
20
|
Yang Q, Loos K. Perpendicular Structure Formation of Block Copolymer Thin Films during Thermal Solvent Vapor Annealing: Solvent and Thickness Effects. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E525. [PMID: 30965824 PMCID: PMC6418618 DOI: 10.3390/polym9100525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Solvent vapor annealing of block copolymer (BCP) thin films can produce a range of interesting morphologies, especially when the perpendicular orientation of micro-domains with respect to the substrate plays a role. This, for instance, allows BCP thin films to serve as useful templates for nanolithography and hybrid materials preparation. However, precise control of the arising morphologies is essential, but in most cases difficult to achieve. In this work, we investigated the solvent and thickness effects on the morphology of poly(styrene-b-2 vinyl pyridine) (PS-b-P2VP) thin films with a film thickness range from 0.4 L₀ up to 0.8 L₀. Ordered perpendicular structures were achieved. One of the main merits of our work is that the phase behavior of the ultra-high molecular weight BCP thin films, which hold a 100-nm sized domain distance, can be easily monitored via current available techniques, such as scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Systematic monitoring of the self-assembly behavior during solvent vapor annealing can thus provide an experimental guideline for the optimization of processing conditions of related BCP films systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyan Yang
- Macromolecular Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Katja Loos
- Macromolecular Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Majewski PW, Yager KG. Rapid ordering of block copolymer thin films. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2016; 28:403002. [PMID: 27537062 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/40/403002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Block-copolymers self-assemble into diverse morphologies, where nanoscale order can be finely tuned via block architecture and processing conditions. However, the ultimate usage of these materials in real-world applications may be hampered by the extremely long thermal annealing times-hours or days-required to achieve good order. Here, we provide an overview of the fundamentals of block-copolymer self-assembly kinetics, and review the techniques that have been demonstrated to influence, and enhance, these ordering kinetics. We discuss the inherent tradeoffs between oven annealing, solvent annealing, microwave annealing, zone annealing, and other directed self-assembly methods; including an assessment of spatial and temporal characteristics. We also review both real-space and reciprocal-space analysis techniques for quantifying order in these systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pawel W Majewski
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA. Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
From cylindrical to spherical nanosized micelles by self-assembly of poly(dimethylsiloxane)-b-poly(acrylic acid) diblock copolymers. Polym Bull (Berl) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-016-1598-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
23
|
Ghoshal T, Chaudhari A, Cummins C, Shaw MT, Holmes JD, Morris MA. Morphological evolution of lamellar forming polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) copolymers under solvent annealing. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:5429-5437. [PMID: 27240904 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm00815a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we are reporting a very simple and efficient method to form lamellar structures of symmetric polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P4VP) copolymer thin films with vertically (to the surface plane) orientated lamellae using a solvent annealing approach. The methodology does not require any brush chemistry to engineer a neutral surface and it is the block neutral nature of the film-solvent vapour interface that defines the orientation of the lamellae. The microphase separated structure of two different molecular weight lamellar forming PS-block-P4VP copolymers formed under solvent vapour annealing was monitored using atomic force microscopy (AFM) so as to understand the morphological changes of the films upon different solvent exposure. In particular, the morphology changes from micellar structures to well-defined microphase separated arrangements. The choice of solvent/s (single and dual solvent exposure) and the solvent annealing conditions (temperature, time etc.) has important effects on structural transitions of the films and it was found that a block neutral solvent was required to realize vertically aligned P4VP lamellae. The results of the structural variation of the phase separated nanostructured films through the exposure to ethanol are also described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tandra Ghoshal
- Department of Chemistry and Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Al-Khayat O, Geraghty K, Shou K, Nelson A, Neto C. Chain Collapse and Interfacial Slip of Polystyrene Films in Good/Nonsolvent Vapor Mixtures. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Al-Khayat
- School
of Chemistry, and §School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Kieran Geraghty
- School
of Chemistry, and §School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Keyun Shou
- School
of Chemistry, and §School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Andrew Nelson
- Australian
Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Bragg Institute, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Chiara Neto
- School
of Chemistry, and §School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jackson EA, Lee Y, Radlauer MR, Hillmyer MA. Well-Ordered Nanoporous ABA Copolymer Thin Films via Solvent Vapor Annealing, Homopolymer Blending, and Selective Etching of ABAC Tetrablock Terpolymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:27331-27339. [PMID: 26642426 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b08856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Solvent vapor annealing treatments are used to control the orientation of nanostructures produced in thin films of a poly(styrene)-block-poly(isoprene)-block-poly(styrene)-block-poly((±)-lactide) (PS-PI-PS-PLA) and its blends with PLA homopolymer. The PS-PI-PS-PLA tetrablock terpolymer, previously determined to adopt a core(PLA)-shell(PS) cylindrical morphology in the bulk, gave perpendicular alignment of PLA cylinders over a limited range of thicknesses using a mixed solvent environment of tetrahydrofuran and acetone. On the other hand, perpendicular alignment was achieved regardless of film thickness by inclusion of 5 wt % homopolymer PLA in the PS-PI-PS-PLA tetrablock. Tapping mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to visualize film surface morphologies. Subsequent reactive ion etching (RIE) and basic hydrolysis of PLA produced 15 nm pores in a PS-PI-PS triblock thin film matrix. Nanoporosity was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and the vertical continuity of pores was confirmed by cross-sectional SEM analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Youngmin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Madalyn R Radlauer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Marc A Hillmyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ye X, Niroomand H, Hu S, Khomami B. Block copolymer micelle formation in a solvent good for all the blocks. Colloid Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-015-3658-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
27
|
Zaremski MY, Chen X, Orlova AP, Blagodatskikh IV, Nikonorova NI. Block copolymers of styrene and 4-vinylpyridine: Synthesis and structure. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090415030112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
28
|
Cummins C, Gangnaik A, Kelly RA, Borah D, O'Connell J, Petkov N, Georgiev YM, Holmes JD, Morris MA. Aligned silicon nanofins via the directed self-assembly of PS-b-P4VP block copolymer and metal oxide enhanced pattern transfer. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:6712-6721. [PMID: 25798892 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr07679f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
'Directing' block copolymer (BCP) patterns is a possible option for future semiconductor device patterning, but pattern transfer of BCP masks is somewhat hindered by the inherently low etch contrast between blocks. Here, we demonstrate a 'fab' friendly methodology for forming well-registered and aligned silicon (Si) nanofins following pattern transfer of robust metal oxide nanowire masks through the directed self-assembly (DSA) of BCPs. A cylindrical forming poly(styrene)-block-poly(4-vinyl-pyridine) (PS-b-P4VP) BCP was employed producing 'fingerprint' line patterns over macroscopic areas following solvent vapor annealing treatment. The directed assembly of PS-b-P4VP line patterns was enabled by electron-beam lithographically defined hydrogen silsequioxane (HSQ) gratings. We developed metal oxide nanowire features using PS-b-P4VP structures which facilitated high quality pattern transfer to the underlying Si substrate. This work highlights the precision at which long range ordered ∼10 nm Si nanofin features with 32 nm pitch can be defined using a cylindrical BCP system for nanolithography application. The results show promise for future nanocircuitry fabrication to access sub-16 nm critical dimensions using cylindrical systems as surface interfaces are easier to tailor than lamellar systems. Additionally, the work helps to demonstrate the extension of these methods to a 'high χ' BCP beyond the size limitations of the more well-studied PS-b-poly(methyl methylacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cian Cummins
- Materials Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Švanda J, Lyutakov O, Vosmanská V, Švorčík V. Combination of temperature and saturated vapor annealing for phase separation of block copolymer. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Švanda
- Department of Solid State Engineering; Institute of Chemical Technology; Prague 166 28 Czech Republic
| | - Oleksiy Lyutakov
- Department of Solid State Engineering; Institute of Chemical Technology; Prague 166 28 Czech Republic
| | - Vladimíra Vosmanská
- Department of Solid State Engineering; Institute of Chemical Technology; Prague 166 28 Czech Republic
| | - Václav Švorčík
- Department of Solid State Engineering; Institute of Chemical Technology; Prague 166 28 Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Vriezekolk EJ, de Weerd E, de Vos WM, Nijmeijer K. Control of pore size and pore uniformity in films based on self-assembling block copolymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erik J. Vriezekolk
- TNW; Membrane Science and Technology; Mesa Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente; P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Eddy de Weerd
- EWI; BIOS Lab on a Chip; University of Twente; P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Wiebe M. de Vos
- TNW; Membrane Science and Technology; Mesa Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente; P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Kitty Nijmeijer
- TNW; Membrane Science and Technology; Mesa Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente; P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hu H, Singer JP, Osuji CO. Morphology Development in Thin Films of a Lamellar Block Copolymer Deposited by Electrospray. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma500376n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanqiong Hu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Jonathan P. Singer
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Chinedum O. Osuji
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sinturel C, Grosso D, Boudot M, Amenitsch H, Hillmyer MA, Pineau A, Vayer M. Structural transitions in asymmetric poly(styrene)-block-poly(lactide) thin films induced by solvent vapor exposure. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:12146-12152. [PMID: 25000367 DOI: 10.1021/am504086x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Successive structural transitions in thin films of asymmetric poly(styrene)-block-poly(lactide) (PS-PLA) block copolymer samples upon exposure to tetrahydrofuran (THF) vapors have been monitored using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and both in situ and ex situ grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS). A direct link was established between the structure in the swollen state and the morphology formed in the dried state post solvent evaporation. This was related to the high incompatibility between the constituting blocks of the copolymer that thwarted the system from reaching the homogeneous disordered state in the swollen state under the specific conditions utilized in this study. Upon rapid solvent removal, the morphologies formed in the swollen state were trapped due the fast evaporation kinetics. This work provides a better understanding of the mechanisms associated with block copolymer thin film morphology changes induced by solvent vapor annealing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Sinturel
- Centre de Recherche sur la Matière Divisée, CNRS/Université d'Orléans , 1b rue de la Férollerie, 45 071 Orléans Cedex 02, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
|
34
|
Constructional details of polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) ordered thin film morphology. J Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 399:62-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
35
|
|
36
|
Hagaman D, Gredzik J, Peart PA, McCaffery JM, Tovar JD, Sidorenko A. Block copolymer supramolecular assembly using a precursor to a novel conjugated polymer. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py20680c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
37
|
Li X, Yu X, Han Y. Intelligent reversible nanoporous antireflection film by solvent-stimuli-responsive phase transformation of amphiphilic block copolymer. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:10584-10591. [PMID: 22769582 DOI: 10.1021/la301755a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An erasure-reconstruction porous structure with reversible antireflection (AR) property at near-infrared region (NIR) was prepared for the first time based on solvent-stimuli-responsive phase transformation of polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinypyridine) (PS-b-P4VP). The inhomogeneous porous structure with a dense skin and porous underneath, which was obtained by the nonsolvent-induced phase separation of PS-b-P4VP film from micelle solution with mixed solvents (tetrahydrofuran and dimethylformamide), was used as starting porous film. Then, the film was annealed by PS-selective solvent to erase the nanopores because the PS block was swollen effectively by its selective solvent. Afterward, the nonporous film was immersed in linear aliphatic acid to reconstruct the nanoporous structure (loosely packed micelles) by the combination of the hydrogen bond interaction and the positively charge-induced repulsion between each chain. Thus, an intelligent reversible AR property in the NIR region between a high-transmittance porous state (∼99.0%) and a low-transmittance nonporous state (∼90.0%) was realized by alternate treatments of PS-selective solvent and linear aliphatic acids. This reversible erasure-reconstruction porous structure for switching between AR (98.0%) and non-AR (90.0%) properties could be recycled by at least four times.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Leong WL, Mathews N, Tan B, Vaidyanathan S, Dötz F, Mhaisalkar S. Solution processed non-volatile top-gate polymer field-effect transistors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm10966a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|