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Naguib HM. Recycled polyester filled with eggshells waste-based nano CaCO 3: thermo-mechanical and flame-retardant features. NEW J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d3nj00538k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Improved environmental-friendly fire-retardant nanocomposite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdy M. Naguib
- Department of Petroleum Applications, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Nasr City 11727, Cairo, Egypt
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Technology in Environmental Protection of Jiangsu Province, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, Jiangsu Province, China
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2
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Ma Q, Lu J, Yao J, Yin J, Zhang R, Luo F. The synergistic role of acidic molecular sieve on flame retardant performance in PLA/MF@APP composite. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03037-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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3
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Seidi F, Movahedifar E, Naderi G, Akbari V, Ducos F, Shamsi R, Vahabi H, Saeb MR. Flame Retardant Polypropylenes: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12081701. [PMID: 32751298 PMCID: PMC7464193 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polypropylene (PP) is a commodity plastic known for high rigidity and crystallinity, which is suitable for a wide range of applications. However, high flammability of PP has always been noticed by users as a constraint; therefore, a variety of additives has been examined to make PP flame-retardant. In this work, research papers on the flame retardancy of PP have been comprehensively reviewed, classified in terms of flame retardancy, and evaluated based on the universal dimensionless criterion of Flame Retardancy Index (FRI). The classification of additives of well-known families, i.e., phosphorus-based, nitrogen-based, mineral, carbon-based, bio-based, and hybrid flame retardants composed of two or more additives, was reflected in FRI mirror calculated from cone calorimetry data, whatever heat flux and sample thickness in a given series of samples. PP composites were categorized in terms of flame retardancy performance as Poor, Good, or Excellent cases. It also attempted to correlate other criteria like UL-94 and limiting oxygen index (LOI) with FRI values, giving a broad view of flame retardancy performance of PP composites. The collected data and the conclusions presented in this survey should help researchers working in the field to select the best additives among possibilities for making the PP sufficiently flame-retardant for advanced applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Seidi
- Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology and Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Elnaz Movahedifar
- Department of Polymer Processing, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran 14965/115, Iran; (E.M.); (G.N.)
| | - Ghasem Naderi
- Department of Polymer Processing, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran 14965/115, Iran; (E.M.); (G.N.)
| | - Vahideh Akbari
- Université de Lorraine, CentraleSupélec, LMOPS, F-57000 Metz, France;
| | - Franck Ducos
- Université de Lorraine, IUT de Moselle Est, IUTSGM, 57600 Forbach, France;
| | - Ramin Shamsi
- Research and Development Center, Marun Petrochemical Company, Mahshahr 63531 69311, Iran;
| | - Henri Vahabi
- Université de Lorraine, CentraleSupélec, LMOPS, F-57000 Metz, France;
- Correspondence: (H.V.); or (M.R.S.); Tel.: +33-(0)38-793-9186 (H.V.); +98-912-826-4307 (M.R.S.); Fax: +33-(0)38-793-9101 (H.V.)
| | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Université de Lorraine, CentraleSupélec, LMOPS, F-57000 Metz, France;
- Correspondence: (H.V.); or (M.R.S.); Tel.: +33-(0)38-793-9186 (H.V.); +98-912-826-4307 (M.R.S.); Fax: +33-(0)38-793-9101 (H.V.)
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Chen X, Lai Y, Gu Y, Jiao C, Li S. Effect of Functionalized Carbon Microspheres Combined with Ammonium Polyphosphate on Fire Safety Performance of Thermoplastic Polyurethane. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:6051-6061. [PMID: 32226887 PMCID: PMC7098011 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this article, carbon microspheres (CMSs) synthesized by the hydrothermal method and CMSs-Fe (with Fe3+ adsorbed on the surface of CMSs) were combined with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) to achieve the fire safety improvement of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The fire safety performance of TPU composites was investigated by the cone calorimeter test, microscale combustion calorimeter test, thermogravimetric analysis/infrared spectrometry, Raman spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that CMSs and CMSs-Fe can improve the fire safety performance of TPU/APP composites and the effect of CMSs-Fe was better than that of CMSs. The peak heat release rate of the sample containing 0.25 wt % CMSs and 7.75 wt % APP was 16.7% lower than that of the sample containing 8.00 wt % APP, and the content of toxic gases was also reduced in the fire smoke. Also, total heat release and total smoke release of the sample containing CMSs-Fe were 54.7% and 11.6%, respectively, lower than those of the sample containing 0.25% CMSs. It confirmed the contribution of CMSs to the flame retardant system, and the performance of CMSs is improved by adsorbing Fe3+.
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Synthesis of a Novel Phosphorous-Nitrogen Based Charring Agent and Its Application in Flame-retardant HDPE/IFR Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11061062. [PMID: 31248169 PMCID: PMC6631776 DOI: 10.3390/polym11061062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a novel phosphorous-nitrogen based charring agent named poly(1,3-diaminopropane-1,3,5-triazine-o-bicyclic pentaerythritol phosphate) (PDTBP) was synthesized and used to improve the flame retardancy of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) together with ammonium polyphosphate (APP). The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and 13C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) showed that PDTBP was successfully synthesized. Compared with the traditional intumescent flame retardant (IFR) system contained APP and pentaerythritol (PER), the novel IFR system (APP/PDTBP, weight ratio of 2:1) could significantly promote the flame retardancy, water resistance, and thermal stability of HDPE. The HDPE/APP/PDTBP composites (PE3) could achieve a UL-94 V-0 rating with LOI value of 30.8%, and had a lower migration percentage (2.2%). However, the HDPE/APP/PER composites (PE5) had the highest migration percentage (4.7%), lower LOI value of 23.9%, and could only achieve a UL-94 V-1 rating. Besides, the peak of heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR), and fire hazard value of PE3 were markedly decreased compared to PE5. PE3 had higher tensile strength and flexural strength of 16.27 ± 0.42 MPa and 32.03 ± 0.59 MPa, respectively. Furthermore, the possible flame-retardant mechanism of the APP/PDTBP IFR system indicated that compact and continuous intumescent char layer would be formed during burning, thus inhibiting the degradation of substrate material and improving the thermal stability of HDPE.
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Xiong B, Wang G, Zhou C, Liu Y, Yang CA, Zhang P, Tang K, Zhou Q. Organocatalytic, regioselective allylic- and 1,6-substitution of quinone monoketals with diaryl H-phosphine oxides. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Yuan B, Fan A, Yang M, Chen X, Hu Y, Bao C, Jiang S, Niu Y, Zhang Y, He S, Dai H. The effects of graphene on the flammability and fire behavior of intumescent flame retardant polypropylene composites at different flame scenarios. Polym Degrad Stab 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Guan Y, Wen X, Yang H, Zhang L, Li M, Shao J, Li Y, Tang T. “One-pot” synthesis of crosslinked silicone-containing macromolecular charring agent and its synergistic flame retardant poly(l
-lactic acid) with ammonium polyphosphate. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Guan
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering; Changchun University of Science and Technology; Changchun Jilin 130022 China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 China
| | - Xin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 China
| | - Hongfan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 China
| | - Lipeng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering; Changchun University of Science and Technology; Changchun Jilin 130022 China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 China
| | - Mingang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 China
| | - Jing Shao
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering; Changchun University of Science and Technology; Changchun Jilin 130022 China
| | - Yunhui Li
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering; Changchun University of Science and Technology; Changchun Jilin 130022 China
| | - Tao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 China
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10
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Sirin K, Yavuz M, Canli M. Influence of Dilauroyl Peroxide on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Different Polypropylene Matrices. POLYMER-KOREA 2015. [DOI: 10.7317/pk.2015.39.2.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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11
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Lai X, Yin C, Li H, Zeng X. Synergistic effect between silicone-containing macromolecular charring agent and ammonium polyphosphate in flame retardant polypropylene. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Lai
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Changyu Yin
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Hongqiang Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Xingrong Zeng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
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12
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Gong J, Tian N, Wen X, Chen X, Liu J, Jiang Z, Mijowska E, Tang T. Synergistic effect of fumed silica with Ni2O3 on improving flame retardancy of poly(lactic acid). Polym Degrad Stab 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Pan M, Zhang C, Zhai X, Qu L, Mu J. Effect of hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene combined with octapropylglycidylether polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane on thermal stability and flame retardancy of epoxy resin. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008314528227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel phosphazene-based compound called hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene (HPCTP) was synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy as well as proton and phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies. Epoxy (EP) resin composites containing HPCTP and octapropylglycidylether polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (OGPOSS) were prepared using 4,4′-diamino diphenylmethane as curing agent. Differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, UL 94 vertical burning test, and cone calorimetry test were used to assess thermal stability and flame retardancy of the composites. Evaluation of thermal properties demonstrated that the resulting composites achieved less thermal stability compared with control EP resin but possessed high char yields at high temperatures. It indicated that both HPCTP and OGPOSS could induce the formation of intumescent char layer that retarded the degradation and combustion process of EP resin. The peak heat release rate of EP resin composite containing 15 wt% HPCTP was 61% less than that of control EP resin. Meanwhile, other flame-retardant parameters were also improved. Results of scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy of residual chars confirmed that both HPCTP and OGPOSS can enhance thermal stability and flame retardancy of EP resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Pan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunling Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Zhai
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lijie Qu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Mu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
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Synergistic effect of activated carbon and Ni2O3 in promoting the thermal stability and flame retardancy of polypropylene. Polym Degrad Stab 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Tian N, Gong J, Wen X, Yao K, Tang T. Synthesis and characterization of a novel organophosphorus oligomer and its application in improving flame retardancy of epoxy resin. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra01525h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel organophosphorus oligomer (PCPBO) was synthesized and the incorporation of PCPBO into epoxy resin (EP) significantly improved their flame retardancy and thermal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022, China
| | - Jiang Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Xin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022, China
| | - Kun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Tao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022, China
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Tian N, Wen X, Jiang Z, Gong J, Wang Y, Xue J, Tang T. Synergistic Effect between a Novel Char Forming Agent and Ammonium Polyphosphate on Flame Retardancy and Thermal Properties of Polypropylene. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie401058u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nana Tian
- State Key
Laboratory of Polymer
Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Xin Wen
- State Key
Laboratory of Polymer
Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zhiwei Jiang
- State Key
Laboratory of Polymer
Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Jiang Gong
- State Key
Laboratory of Polymer
Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yanhui Wang
- State Key
Laboratory of Polymer
Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Jian Xue
- State Key
Laboratory of Polymer
Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Tao Tang
- State Key
Laboratory of Polymer
Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
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