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Yang X, Zhang Y, Chen J, Zou L, Xing X, Zhang K, Liu J, Liu X. Flame-Retardant Thermoplastic Polyether Ester/Aluminum Butylmethylphosphinate/Phenolphthalein Composites with Enhanced Mechanical Properties and Antidripping. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:552. [PMID: 38399930 PMCID: PMC10892055 DOI: 10.3390/polym16040552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Aluminum butylmethylphosphinate AiBMP as a flame retardant and phenolphthalein as a synergistic agent were applied in a thermoplastic polyester elastomer (TPEE)) in the current study. The thermal properties, flame retardancy, crystallization and mechanical properties of TPEE/AiMBP with or without phenolphthalein were investigated using various characterizations, including the limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test (UL 94), thermogravimetric analysis TG, differential scanning calorimetry, microcombustion calorimeter (MCC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and mechanical tests. The results revealed that AiBMP alone is an efficient flame retardant of TPEE. Adding 15 wt.% AiBMP increases the LOI value of TPEE from 20% to 36%. The formula TPEE-15 AiBMP passed the UL 94 V-0 rating with no dripping occurring. The MCC test shows that AiBMP depresses the heat release of TPEE. In comparison with pure TPEE, the heat release rate at peak temperature and the heat release capacity of TPEE-15AiBMP are reduced by 46.1% and 55.5%, respectively. With the phenolphthalein added, the formula TPEE/13AiBMP/2Ph shows a higher char yield at high temperatures (>600 °C), and the char layer is stronger and more condensed than TPEE-15AiBMP.The tensile strength and elongation at break values of TPEE-13AiBMP-2Ph are increased by 29.63% and 4.8% in comparison with TPEE-15AiBMP. The SEM morphology of the fracture surface of the sample shows that phenolphthalein acts as a plasticizer to improve the dispersion of AiBMP within the matrix. The good char charming ability of phenolphthalein itself and improved dispersion of AiBMP make the TPEE composites achieve both satisfying flame retardancy and high mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Institute of Noise & Vibration, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Polymer Materials and Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Liyong Zou
- School of Polymer Materials and Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Xuesong Xing
- School of Polymer Materials and Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Kangran Zhang
- School of Polymer Materials and Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Jiyan Liu
- School of Polymer Materials and Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Xueqing Liu
- School of Polymer Materials and Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
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Zheng M, Jiang Y, Wang C, Zheng M, Wang Z. Multifunctional modification polyester with Au@Cu 2O-ZnO ternary heterojunction fabricated by in situ polymerization. RSC Adv 2024; 14:6216-6224. [PMID: 38375020 PMCID: PMC10875326 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08856a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In situ polymerization has been proven to be an effective method to introduce functional materials into polymers. In this work, a nano-heterojunction material was prepared successfully and evenly dispersed in PET by in situ polymerization methods to yield multifunctionally modified PET. The modified PET fibers showed excellent antibacterial activity and strong moisture absorption and perspiration, which could efficiently expel moisture from humans. Significantly, these prepared PET textiles demonstrate a strong safety without any cytotoxicity. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed the uniform dispersion of heterojunctions and well-defined truncated octahedra including nano-gold rods. A series of characterizations including FTIR, XPS, XRD and DSC showed that the nano-heterojunction participates in the reaction during polymerization. It is interesting that the SEM images of the modified PET fiber presented an intriguing organ fold structure, which makes a significant contribution to moisture absorption and perspiration. The formation mechanism is discussed preliminarily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Zheng
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Sichuan EM Technology Co., Ltd No. 188 Sanxing Road Mianyang 621000 China
| | - Cheng Wang
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Min Zheng
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Zuoshan Wang
- College of Material and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
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Synthesis of DOPO-Based Phosphorus-Nitrogen Containing Hyperbranched Flame Retardant and Its Effective Application for Poly(ethylene terephthalate) via Synergistic Effect. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030662. [PMID: 36771972 PMCID: PMC9921204 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
To obtain industrialized poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) composites with highly efficient flame retardancy, a phosphorus-nitrogen (P-N) containing hyperbranched flame retardant additive was synthesized by 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phospho-phenanthrene-butyric acid (DDP) and tris(2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate (THEIC) through high temperature esterification known as hyperbranched DDP-THEIC (hbDT). The chemical structure of the synthesized hbDT was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and GPC, etc. Subsequently, hbDT/PET composites were prepared by co-blending, and the effects of hbDT on the thermal stability, flame retardancy, combustion performance, and thermal degradation behavior of PET were explored to deeply analyze its flame retardant mechanism. The test results showed that hbDT was successfully synthesized, and that hbDT maintained thermal stability well with the required processing conditions of PET as retardant additives. The flame retardant efficiency of PET was clearly improved by the addition of hbDT via the synergistic flame-retardant effect of P and N elements. When the mass fraction of flame retardant was 5%, the LOI of the hbDT/PET composite increased to 30.2%, and the vertical combustion grade reached UL-94 V-0. Compared with pure PET, great decreased total heat release (decreased by 16.3%) and peak heat release rate (decreased by 54.9%) were exhibited. Finally, the flame retardant mechanism of hbDT/PET was supposed, and it was confirmed that retardant effect happened in both the gas phase and condensed phase. This study is expected to provide a new idea for the development of low toxic, environment-friendly and highly efficient flame retardant additive for polyesters in an industry scale.
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Zuo C, Liu Y, Guo Y, Tan W, Ren Y, Liu X. Preparation of a copper porphyrin derivative and its surface modification for simultaneously endowing PET fibers with dyeing, flame retardant and anti-dripping performance. Polym Degrad Stab 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2023.110273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Ming HP, Chan CY, Mutalik S, Younas MW, Pragya A, Noor N. Sonochemical Routes to Superhydrophobic Soft Matter Coatings: Comparing Silica and Copper Oxide Coatings on Polyester Fabric. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c02939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hung Pak Ming
- School of Fashion and Textiles, Materials Synthesis and Processing Lab, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon999077, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Cheuk Ying Chan
- School of Fashion and Textiles, Materials Synthesis and Processing Lab, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon999077, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Suhas Mutalik
- School of Fashion and Textiles, Materials Synthesis and Processing Lab, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon999077, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Muhammad Waseem Younas
- School of Fashion and Textiles, Materials Synthesis and Processing Lab, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon999077, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Akanksha Pragya
- School of Fashion and Textiles, Materials Synthesis and Processing Lab, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon999077, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Nuruzzaman Noor
- School of Fashion and Textiles, Materials Synthesis and Processing Lab, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon999077, Hong Kong SAR
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Rabajczyk A, Zielecka M, Popielarczyk T, Sowa T. Nanotechnology in Fire Protection-Application and Requirements. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:7849. [PMID: 34947443 PMCID: PMC8707653 DOI: 10.3390/ma14247849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is used, to an increasing extent, in practically every aspect of the economy and society. One area where nanotechnology is constantly advancing is fire protection. Nanostructures are found in elements used in direct protection, such as in protective clothing, filters, and helmets. Solutions in the field of nanotechnology are also used in elements reducing the fire risk and increasing the fire safety, such as building materials and structures, paints, coatings, or fire safety equipment (e.g., fire detectors). However, new solutions may also pose a threat to the safety of people and the environment. As a result of operation or combustion and degradation processes, the emission of nano-substances with toxic properties may occur. Therefore, knowledge in this field is necessary, as it allows for the appropriate targeting and use of nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rabajczyk
- Scientific and Research Center for Fire Protection, National Research Institute, Nadwiślańska 213, 05-420 Jozefow, Poland; (M.Z.); (T.P.); (T.S.)
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Qin R, Song Y, Niu M, Xue B, Liu L. Construction of flame retardant coating on polyester fabric with ammonium polyphosphate and carbon microspheres. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.109028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Song Y, Xue B, Wang J, Qin R, Niu M. Ammonium polyphosphate wrapped carbon microspheres: a novel flame retardant with smoke suppression for poly (ethylene terephthalate). JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-019-1972-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Guo S, Pu S, Zhao J, Wang K, Fu Q. Exploitation of a promising flame‐retardant engineering plastics by molten composited polyketone and diethyl zinc phosphinate. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and EngineeringSichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Shuiqin Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and EngineeringSichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and EngineeringSichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Ke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and EngineeringSichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Qiang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and EngineeringSichuan University Chengdu China
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