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Kong Z, Chen Y, Qian L. The synergistic flame retardant effect of biobased phytic acid arginine salt and hydroxylated montmorillonite in polybutylenes succinate. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:128033. [PMID: 37956808 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
In this research, hydroxylated nano montmorillonite (DK2) was used as a synergistic agent in combination with phytic acid arginine salt (PaArg). The flame retardancy and mechanical properties of PBS with different amounts of PaArg and DK2 were studied. Furthermore, the synergistic effect and mechanism of PaArg and DK2 in PBS were explored. The results showed that adding 23.5 % PaArg and 1.5 % DK2 increased the limiting oxygen index value (LOI) of the composite to 31.4 %, passing the UL 94 V-0 rating. By adding 25 % PaArg alone, the LOI value of the composite is 26.2 %, and the vertical burning test result is only V-2 rating. The cone calorimetry test results show that the peak heat release rate, total heat release rate, and total smoke production of PBS/23.5 % PaArg/1.5 % DK2 composite are 55.8 %, 17.1 %, and 44.7 % lower than those of PBS/25 % PaArg composite, respectively. All the results showed that PaArg and DK2 exhibited good synergistic flame retardancy in PBS. In addition, the impact strength and bending strength test results show that the impact strength and bending strength of PBS/23.5 %PaArg/1.5 %DK2 composite are higher than those of PBS/25%PaArg composite. This work improved the flame retardant efficiency of biobased flame retardants in PBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimeng Kong
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; China Light Industry Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced Flame Retardants, Beijing 100048, China; Petroleum and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non-Halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yajun Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; China Light Industry Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced Flame Retardants, Beijing 100048, China; Petroleum and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non-Halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Lijun Qian
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; China Light Industry Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced Flame Retardants, Beijing 100048, China; Petroleum and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non-Halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers, Beijing 100048, China
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Suwanniroj A, Suppakarn N. Water Hyacinth Fiber as a Bio-Based Carbon Source for Intumescent Flame-Retardant Poly (Butylene Succinate) Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4211. [PMID: 37959891 PMCID: PMC10647722 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, flame-retardant poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) composites were developed utilizing a bio-based intumescent flame retardant (IFR) system. Water hyacinth fiber (WHF) was used as a bio-based carbon source, while ammonium polyphosphate (APP) served as both an acid source and a blowing agent. Effects of WHF:APP weight ratio and total IFR content on the thermal stability and flammability of WHF/APP/PBS composites were investigated. The results demonstrated that the 15WHF/30APP/PBS composite with a WHF to APP ratio of 1:2 and a total IFR content of 45 wt% had a maximum limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 28.8% and acquired good flame retardancy, with a UL-94 V-0 rating without polymer-melt dripping. Additionally, its peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR) were, respectively, 53% and 42% lower than those of the neat PBS. Char residue analysis revealed that the optimal WHF:APP ratio and total IFR content promoted the formation of a high graphitized intumescent char with a continuous and dense structure. In comparison to the neat PBS, the tensile modulus of the 15WHF/30APP/PBS composite increased by 163%. Findings suggested the possibility of employing WHF, a natural fiber, as an alternative carbon source for intumescent flame-retardant PBS composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anothai Suwanniroj
- School of Polymer Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nitinat Suppakarn
- School of Polymer Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Research Center for Biocomposite Materials for Medical Industry and Agricultural and Food Industry, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
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Batistella M, Roux JC, Masarra NA, le Saout G, Xenopoulos C, Lopez-Cuesta JM. Incorporation of Fly Ash in Flame-Retardant Systems of Biopolyesters. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2771. [PMID: 37447417 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The incorporation of fly ash in polybutyl succinate (PBS) and polybutyl adipate terephtalate (PBAT) in the partial replacement of ammonium polyphosphate and/or melamine polyphosphate is evaluated in the present work. Furthermore, the influence of the surface modification of fly ash with two silanes and titanate coupling agents was also studied. Cone calorimeter experiments, pyrolysis combustion flow calorimeters (PCFCs), and UL94V tests were used to assess the fire performance of the composites. Scanning electronic microscopy, X-microanalysis, and X-ray diffractometry analysis were carried out on cone calorimeter residues in order to access the fire-retardant mode of action. The formation of new components due to the presence of fly ash was highlighted by X-ray diffractometry, indicating the synergistic effects between the flame-retardant system and fly ash. The X-microanalysis results showed that the main fraction of initial phosphorous is present in the cone calorimeter residue, indicating that the proposed system acts in a condensed phase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean-Claude Roux
- Polymers Composites and Hybrids, IMT Mines Alès, 30319 Ales, France
| | | | - Gwenn le Saout
- LMGC, IMT Mines Ales, Université Montpellier, CNRS, 30100 Ales, France
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Batistella M, Roux JC, le Saout G, Callone E, Diré S, Xenopoulos C, Lopez-Cuesta JM. Use of fly ash as synergistic and reactive component of flame retardant system in polylactide. Polym Degrad Stab 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2023.110314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
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5
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Barletta M, Aversa C, Ayyoob M, Gisario A, Hamad K, Mehrpouya M, Vahabi H. Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS): Materials, processing, and industrial applications. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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6
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Suwanniroj A, Suppakarn N. Influence of glycidyl methacrylate grafted poly (butylene succinate) (
PBS‐
g
‐GMA
) on flame retardancy and mechanical properties of water hyacinth fiber/ammonium polyphosphate/poly (butylene succinate) composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anothai Suwanniroj
- School of Polymer Engineering, Institute of Engineering Suranaree University of Technology Nakhon Ratchasima Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Nitinat Suppakarn
- School of Polymer Engineering, Institute of Engineering Suranaree University of Technology Nakhon Ratchasima Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
- Research Center for Biocomposite Materials for Medical Industry and Agricultural and Food Industry Suranaree University of Technology Nakhon Ratchasima Thailand
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7
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Xu T, Qian D, Hu Y, Zhu Y, Zhong Y, Zhang L, Xu H, Mao Z. Assembled hybrid films based on sepiolite, phytic acid, polyaspartic acid and Fe 3+ for flame-retardant cotton fabric. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2022-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
To impart durable flame retardant property to cotton fabric, a kind of multilayered hybrid film based on environmentally friendly phytic acid, sepiolite, polyaspartic acid, and Fe3+ were deposited on the surface of cotton fabric by layer-by-layer and spraying method to form a dense protective layer. Compared with cotton fabric, hybrid film coated cotton showed excellent flame retardant property and low fire hazard, which can be demonstrated by vertical flame test, limiting oxygen index (LOI) and cone calorimeter test. After-flame time and after-glow time of hybrid film coated cotton is 1 s and 1 s, respectively. LOI value of hybrid film coated cotton increased by 44.4% compared with control sample. Cone calorimeter test revealed a total heat release rate reduction of 52.6% and peak heat release rate reduction of 73.6% for hybrid film coated cotton fabric. This work demonstrates that the hybrid film composed of phytic acid, sepiolite, polyaspartic acid, and Fe3+ could improve the durable flame retardant property of cotton fabric.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education , Donghua University , Shanghai , 201620 , P. R. China
| | - Di Qian
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education , Donghua University , Shanghai , 201620 , P. R. China
| | - Yelei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education , Donghua University , Shanghai , 201620 , P. R. China
| | - Yuanzhao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education , Donghua University , Shanghai , 201620 , P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education , Donghua University , Shanghai , 201620 , P. R. China
| | - Linping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education , Donghua University , Shanghai , 201620 , P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Ministry of Education , Tsinghua University , Beijing , 100084 , P. R. China
| | - Hong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education , Donghua University , Shanghai , 201620 , P. R. China
| | - Zhiping Mao
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education , Donghua University , Shanghai , 201620 , P. R. China
- National Dyeing and Finishing Engineering Technology Research Center , Donghua University , No. 2999, North Renmin Road, Songjiang District , Shanghai 201620 , P. R. China
- National Manufacturing Innovation Center of Advanced Dyeing and Finishing Technology , Taian , Shandong Province , 271000 , P. R. China
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8
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Xiao F, Fontaine G, Bourbigot S. A highly efficient intumescent polybutylene succinate: flame retardancy and mechanistic aspects. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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9
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Vahabi H, Brosse N, Latif NA, Fatriasari W, Solihat N, Hashim R, Hazwan Hussin M, Laoutid F, Saeb M. Nanolignin in materials science and technology— does flame retardancy matter? BIOPOLYMERIC NANOMATERIALS 2021:515-559. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-824364-0.00003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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10
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11
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12
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Fire Protective Surface Coating Containing Nanoparticles for Marine Composite Laminates. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs5010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-based coating containing ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and sepiolite nanofillers (SP) and supported by a glass fabric was developed to fire-protect a glass-fiber-reinforced unsaturated-polyester-based (UP) polymer (GFRP). The fire behavior and thermal stability of the PVA coatings were characterized using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and a cone calorimeter. The coatings’ residues were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results from the cone calorimeter showed that the addition of sepiolite significantly improves the flame retardancy of PVA/APP/SP coatings. The addition of both additives promoted the formation of a cohesive layer composed of a silico-phosphate structure resulting from the reactivity between APP and SP. The fire resistance of the composite laminate protected by PVA coatings was evaluated using a cone calorimeter by measuring the temperature of the back face. Photogrammetry was used to assess the swelling of residues after heat exposure. The interaction between APP and SP in PVA coating leads to the formation of an effective thermal barrier layer. The presence of SP reduces the layer expansion but greatly decreases the backside temperature during the initial period of exposure. The effect was assigned to high thermal stability of the layer and its ability to dissipate heat by re-radiation.
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Vahidi G, Bajwa DS, Shojaeiarani J, Stark N, Darabi A. Advancements in traditional and nanosized flame retardants for polymers—A review. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Vahidi
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Montana State University Bozeman Montana USA
| | - Dilpreet S. Bajwa
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Montana State University Bozeman Montana USA
| | - Jamileh Shojaeiarani
- Mechanical Engineering Department Western New England University Springfield Massachusetts USA
| | - Nicole Stark
- Engineered Composites Science USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - Amir Darabi
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Montana State University Bozeman Montana USA
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14
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Carretier V, Delcroix J, Pucci MF, Rublon P, Lopez-Cuesta JM. Influence of Sepiolite and Lignin as Potential Synergists on Flame Retardant Systems in Polylactide (PLA) and Polyurethane Elastomer (PUE). MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E2450. [PMID: 32481499 PMCID: PMC7321226 DOI: 10.3390/ma13112450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A comparison of the influence of sepiolite and lignin as potential synergists for fire retardant (FR) systems based on ammonium polyphosphate (APP) has been carried out in polyurethane elastomer and polylactide. Different ratios of kraft lignin and sepiolite were tested in combination with APP in both polymers. The thermal stability and the fire behavior of the corresponding composites were evaluated using Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), a Pyrolysis Combustion Flow Calorimeter (PCFC) and Cone Calorimeter (CC). The mechanisms of flame retardancy imparted by APP and other components were investigated. Synergistic effects were highlighted but only for specific ratios between APP and sepiolite in polyurethane elastomer (PUE) and polylactide (PLA) on one hand, and between APP and lignin in PLA on the other hand. Sepiolite acts as char reinforcement but through the formation of new phosphorus compounds it is also able to form a protective layer. Conversely, only complementary effects on fire performance were noted for lignin in PUE due to a dramatic influence on thermal stability despite its action on char formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Carretier
- Centre des Matériaux des Mines d’Alès (C2MA), IMT Mines Alès, Université de Montpellier, 6 Avenue de Clavières, 30319 Alès Cedex, France; (J.D.); (M.F.P.); (J.-M.L.-C.)
| | - Julien Delcroix
- Centre des Matériaux des Mines d’Alès (C2MA), IMT Mines Alès, Université de Montpellier, 6 Avenue de Clavières, 30319 Alès Cedex, France; (J.D.); (M.F.P.); (J.-M.L.-C.)
- Centre d’expertise des Structures et Matériaux Navals (CESMAN), Naval Group Research, Technocampus Océan, 6 rue de l’Halbrane, 44340 Bouguenais, France;
| | - Monica Francesca Pucci
- Centre des Matériaux des Mines d’Alès (C2MA), IMT Mines Alès, Université de Montpellier, 6 Avenue de Clavières, 30319 Alès Cedex, France; (J.D.); (M.F.P.); (J.-M.L.-C.)
| | - Pierre Rublon
- Centre d’expertise des Structures et Matériaux Navals (CESMAN), Naval Group Research, Technocampus Océan, 6 rue de l’Halbrane, 44340 Bouguenais, France;
| | - José-Marie Lopez-Cuesta
- Centre des Matériaux des Mines d’Alès (C2MA), IMT Mines Alès, Université de Montpellier, 6 Avenue de Clavières, 30319 Alès Cedex, France; (J.D.); (M.F.P.); (J.-M.L.-C.)
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15
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Ilsouk M, Raihane M, Rhouta B, Meri RM, Zicans J, Vecstaudža J, Lahcini M. The relationship of structure, thermal and water vapor permeability barrier properties of poly(butylene succinate)/organomodified beidellite clay bionanocomposites prepared by in situ polycondensation. RSC Adv 2020; 10:37314-37326. [PMID: 35521238 PMCID: PMC9057159 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07521c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The exploitation of beidellite clay (BDT), used as a nanofiller in the preparation of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS)/organoclay biodegradable nanocomposites, was investigated. A series of bionanocomposites with various loadings of the organoclay (3CTA-BDT) were prepared by in situ polycondensation reaction between succinic anhydride (SuAh) and 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD) at atmospheric pressure in refluxing decalin with azeotropic removal of water, and the reaction was catalyzed by non-toxic bismuth chloride (BiCl3). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that 3CTA-BDT was likely exfoliated and well dispersed in PBS matrix. Thermal properties (TGA, DSC and thermal conductivity), contact angle measurements and water vapor sorption behavior of the corresponding nanocomposites were also discussed. Compared to pure PBS, a significant reduction of the diffusion coefficient and the water vapor permeability (WVP) by 44 and 37%, respectively, was observed by adding only 5 wt% of 3CTA-BDT. These results could make these bionanocomposites suitable materials for food packaging application. The exploitation of beidellite clay (BDT), used as a nanofiller in the preparation of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS)/organoclay biodegradable nanocomposites, was investigated. Their thermal and water vapor barrier properties were also studied.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ilsouk
- IMED-Lab
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques
- Cadi-Ayyad University
- 40000 Marrakech
- Morocco
| | - Mustapha Raihane
- IMED-Lab
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques
- Cadi-Ayyad University
- 40000 Marrakech
- Morocco
| | - Benaissa Rhouta
- IMED-Lab
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques
- Cadi-Ayyad University
- 40000 Marrakech
- Morocco
| | - Remo Merijs Meri
- Institute of Polymer Materials
- Riga Technical University
- Riga
- Latvia
| | - Janis Zicans
- Institute of Polymer Materials
- Riga Technical University
- Riga
- Latvia
| | - Jana Vecstaudža
- Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre
- Institute of General Chemical Engineering
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry
- Riga Technical University
- Riga
| | - Mohammed Lahcini
- IMED-Lab
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques
- Cadi-Ayyad University
- 40000 Marrakech
- Morocco
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Fabrication of Poly(butylene succinate) phosphorus-containing ionomers microcellular foams with significantly improved thermal conductivity and compressive strength. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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17
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Liu P, Yue X, He G, Zhang X, Sun Y. Influence of modified fiber–MHSH hybrids on fire hazards, combustion dynamics, and mechanical properties of flame‐retarded poly(butylene succinate) composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengjie Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Test for Dangerous ChemicalsChina National Analytical Center Guangzhou 510070 Guangdong Province People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaopeng Yue
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty PaperShaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710021 Shaanxi Province People's Republic of China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light National Demonstration CenterShaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710021 Shaanxi Province People's Republic of China
| | - Guangjian He
- The Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer ProcessingSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 Guangdong Province People's Republic of China
| | - Xinlei Zhang
- School of Material Science & EngineeringShaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710021 Shaanxi Province People's Republic of China
| | - Yifeng Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Test for Dangerous ChemicalsChina National Analytical Center Guangzhou 510070 Guangdong Province People's Republic of China
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Wu ZH, Zhou B, Fan QX, Cai YJ. Thermal degradation kinetics investigation on Nano-ZnO/IFR synergetic flame retarded polypropylene/ethylene-propylene-diene monomer composites processed via different fields. E-POLYMERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2019-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn the field of polymer processing, disperse phase exhibited better dispersion and distribution performance in elongational field rather than shearing field. This property commonly brought a better functional feature for polymer composites. It could also be applied to Nano-ZnO/IFR synergetic flame retarded polypropylene/ ethylene-propylene-diene monomer composites. An experiment was designed to study the mechanism of improving flame retardant properties. In the experiment, the same formulas of composites were extruded by vane extruder (represents elongational field) and three-screw extruder (represents shearing field). Then Kissinger method and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method were used to mutually proved that Nano-ZnO with better dispersion condition catalysed a more intense esterification of IFR in the whole thermal degradation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Huan Wu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Oriented Automobile Die & Mould, Tianjin University of Technology and Education, Tianjin300222, China
- National Mold Product Quality Supervision & Inspection Center (Guangdong), NO.10 lianhu road, Chang’an town, Dongguan city, Guangdong 523841, China
- Key Laboratory of Tianjin Automobile Injection Mold Enterprise, Tianjin300222, PR China
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of High Speed Cutting and Precision Machining, Tianjin University of Technology and Education, Tianjin300222, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- National Mold Product Quality Supervision & Inspection Center (Guangdong), NO.10 lianhu road, Chang’an town, Dongguan city, Guangdong 523841, China
| | - Qi-Xiang Fan
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of High Speed Cutting and Precision Machining, Tianjin University of Technology and Education, Tianjin300222, China
| | - Yu-Jun Cai
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Oriented Automobile Die & Mould, Tianjin University of Technology and Education, Tianjin300222, China
- Key Laboratory of Tianjin Automobile Injection Mold Enterprise, Tianjin300222, PR China
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of High Speed Cutting and Precision Machining, Tianjin University of Technology and Education, Tianjin300222, China
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Regazzi A, Pucci MF, Dumazert L, Gallard B, Buonomo S, Ravel R, Lopez-Cuesta JM. Controlling the distribution of fire retardants in poly(lactic acid) by fused filament fabrication in order to improve its fire behaviour. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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20
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Sahnoune M, Taguet A, Otazaghine B, Kaci M, Lopez-Cuesta JM. Fire retardancy effect of phosphorus-modified halloysite on polyamide-11 nanocomposites. POLYM ENG SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Sahnoune
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Polymères Avancés (LMPA); Université de Bejaia; 06000, Algeria
- Centre des Matériaux des Mines d'Alès (C2MA); IMT Mines d'Alès, 6 avenue de Clavières, 30319 Alès cedex France
| | - Aurélie Taguet
- Centre des Matériaux des Mines d'Alès (C2MA); IMT Mines d'Alès, 6 avenue de Clavières, 30319 Alès cedex France
| | - Belkacem Otazaghine
- Centre des Matériaux des Mines d'Alès (C2MA); IMT Mines d'Alès, 6 avenue de Clavières, 30319 Alès cedex France
| | - Mustapha Kaci
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Polymères Avancés (LMPA); Université de Bejaia; 06000, Algeria
| | - José-Marie Lopez-Cuesta
- Centre des Matériaux des Mines d'Alès (C2MA); IMT Mines d'Alès, 6 avenue de Clavières, 30319 Alès cedex France
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Liminana P, Quiles-Carrillo L, Boronat T, Balart R, Montanes N. The Effect of Varying Almond Shell Flour (ASF) Loading in Composites with Poly(Butylene Succinate (PBS) Matrix Compatibilized with Maleinized Linseed Oil (MLO). MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E2179. [PMID: 30400300 PMCID: PMC6265868 DOI: 10.3390/ma11112179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) composites with varying loads of almond shell flour (ASF) in the 10⁻50 wt % were manufactured by extrusion and subsequent injection molding thus showing the feasibility of these combined manufacturing processes for composites up to 50 wt % ASF. A vegetable oil-derived compatibilizer, maleinized linseed oil (MLO), was used in PBS/ASF composites with a constant ASF to MLO (wt/wt) ratio of 10.0:1.5. Mechanical properties of PBS/ASF/MLO composites were obtained by standard tensile, hardness, and impact tests. The morphology of these composites was studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy-FESEM) and the main thermal properties were obtained by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamical mechanical-thermal analysis (DMTA), thermomechanical analysis (TMA), and thermogravimetry (TGA). As the ASF loading increased, a decrease in maximum tensile strength could be detected due to the presence of ASF filler and a plasticization effect provided by MLO which also provided a compatibilization effect due to the interaction of succinic anhydride polar groups contained in MLO with hydroxyl groups in both PBS (hydroxyl terminal groups) and ASF (hydroxyl groups in cellulose). FESEM study reveals a positive contribution of MLO to embed ASF particles into the PBS matrix, thus leading to balanced mechanical properties. Varying ASF loading on PBS composites represents an environmentally-friendly solution to broaden PBS uses at the industrial level while the use of MLO contributes to overcome or minimize the lack of interaction between the hydrophobic PBS matrix and the highly hydrophilic ASF filler.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Liminana
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain.
| | - Luis Quiles-Carrillo
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain.
| | - Teodomiro Boronat
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain.
| | - Rafael Balart
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain.
| | - Nestor Montanes
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain.
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