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Zhou LL, Li WX, Zhao HB, Wang JS, Zhao B. NiTi-layered double hydroxide nanosheets toward high-efficiency flame retardancy and smoke suppression for silicone foam. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Zhou LL, Li WX, Zhao HB, Zhao B. Comparative Study of M(Ⅱ)Al (M=Co, Ni) Layered Double Hydroxides for Silicone Foam: Characterization, Flame Retardancy, and Smoke Suppression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911049. [PMID: 36232352 PMCID: PMC9570144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To compare the different actions of the two representative transition metal cations of Co2+ and Ni2+ in layered double hydroxides (LDHs), CoAl-LDH and NiAl-LDH intercalated with CO32− were synthesized, and the chemical structures, microstructures, and surface areas thereof were successfully characterized. Then, the two LDHs were utilized as flame retardants and smoke suppressants for silicone foam (SiF). The densities, flame retardancy, smoke suppression, thermal stabilities, and compressive strengths of the two SiF/LDHs nanocomposites were investigated. The introduction of LDHs slightly decreased the density of SiF due to the catalytic actions of Co and Ni during the foaming process of SiF. With respect to the flame retardancy, the addition of only 1 phr of either CoAl-LDH or NiAl-LDH could effectively improve the limiting oxygen index of SiF from 28.7 to 29.6%. Based on the results of vertical flame testing and a cone calorimeter test, the flame retardancy and fire safety of the SiF were effectively enhanced by the incorporation of LDHs. In addition, owing to the good catalytic action and large specific surface area (NiAl-LDH: 174.57 m2 g−1; CoAl-LDH: 51.47 m2 g−1), NiAl-LDH revealed higher efficiencies of flame retardancy and smoke suppression than those of CoAl-LDH. According to the results of energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Co and Ni participated in the formation of protective char layers, which inhibited the release of SiO2 into the gas phase. Finally, the influences on the thermal decomposition and compressive strength for SiF resulting from the addition of LDHs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Zhou
- Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials Development and Applications, College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Hai-Bo Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials Development and Applications, College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
- Correspondence:
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Pang Q, Kang F, Deng J, Lei L, Lu J, Shao S. Flame retardancy effects between expandable graphite and halloysite nanotubes in silicone rubber foam. RSC Adv 2021; 11:13821-13831. [PMID: 35423935 PMCID: PMC8697518 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01409a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of expandable graphite (EG) and modified halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) on the flame retardant properties of silicone rubber foam (SiF) was studied in this paper. Modified HNTs were obtained by surface modification of the silane-coupling agent A-171. The flame retardancy of SiF was studied by limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical combustion and cone calorimeter tests. The mechanical properties of SiF were analyzed by a universal mechanical testing machine. The LOI results showed that EG/HNTS@A-171 could enhance the LOI of SiF. The cone calorimeter test results showed that EG/HNTS@A-171 effectively reduced the peak heat release rate, the total heat release rate, the smoke production rate, the total smoke production rate, the CO production rate and the CO2 production rate and increased the carbon residue rate. TGA shows that main chain pyrolysis temperature of the SiF is delayed by 123 °C. The mechanical properties test results showed that EG/HNTS@A-171 improved the tensile strength of SiF. These results indicated that EG/HNTS@A-171 can significantly improve the flame retardant performance of SiF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingtao Pang
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710054 P. R. China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Coal Fire, Xi'an University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710054 P. R. China
| | - Furu Kang
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710054 P. R. China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Coal Fire, Xi'an University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710054 P. R. China
| | - Jun Deng
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710054 P. R. China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Coal Fire, Xi'an University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710054 P. R. China
| | - Lei Lei
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710054 P. R. China
| | - Jie Lu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710054 P. R. China
| | - Shuiyuan Shao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710054 P. R. China
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Wu S, Zhu Z, Liu C, Su Y, Wang F, Bai W, Sun H, Liang W, Li A. Facile preparation of composite flame retardantbased on conjugated microporous polymer hollow spheres. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 586:152-162. [PMID: 33183755 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.10.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The development of functional materials with better flame-retardant and thermal insulation properties has attracted considerable attention for energy storage applications in modern society. Here, we describe a facile approach for the preparation of conjugated microporous polymer hollow spheres (CMP-HSs) by using SiO2 nanoparticles as a template via the Sonogashira-Hagihara cross-coupling reaction. The as-synthesized CMP-HSs have good thermal stability with a thermal decomposition temperature of up to 281 °C, high porosity (the BET specific surface area is measured to be approximately 666 m2 g-1) along with lipophilic and hydrophobic characteristics. To further improve their flame retardancy, CMP-HSs were treated with dimethyl phosphonate (DMMP) though an immersion method to prepare the CMP-HSs composite (CMP-HSs-DMMP) flame-retardants. By introducing CMP-HSs-DMMP into the epoxy resin (EP) matrix, the as-prepared EP composites showed excellent flame-retardant properties, e.g., the peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR) value of EP composites containing only 0.2% CMP-HSs-DMMP flame-retardant were 650.9 kW m-2 and 79.4 MJ m-2 respectively, in the range of 0 °C - 650 °C, which are 19.6 ± 2% and 19.1 ± 5% lower than that of pure EP within the same temperature range. Considering the significant enhancement of its flame retardancy with only a slight dosage of CMP-HSs-DMMP, such CMP hollow sphere-based flame-retardant composites may have great potential as functional bulk materials or coatings in a variety of fireproofing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Langongping Road 287, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Zhaoqi Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Langongping Road 287, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Langongping Road 287, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Yanning Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Langongping Road 287, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Langongping Road 287, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Wei Bai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Langongping Road 287, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Hanxue Sun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Langongping Road 287, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Weidong Liang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Langongping Road 287, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - An Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Langongping Road 287, Lanzhou 730050, PR China.
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Kang F, Wang C, Deng J, Yang K, Ma L, Pang Q. Flame retardancy and smoke suppression of silicone foams with microcapsulated aluminum hypophosphite and zinc borate. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fu‐Ru Kang
- College of Safety Science and EngineeringXi'an University of Science and Technology (XUST) Xi'an China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Coal FireXUST Xi'an China
| | - Cai‐Ping Wang
- College of Safety Science and EngineeringXi'an University of Science and Technology (XUST) Xi'an China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Coal FireXUST Xi'an China
| | - Jun Deng
- College of Safety Science and EngineeringXi'an University of Science and Technology (XUST) Xi'an China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Coal FireXUST Xi'an China
| | - Kun Yang
- College of Safety Science and EngineeringXi'an University of Science and Technology (XUST) Xi'an China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Coal FireXUST Xi'an China
| | - Li Ma
- College of Safety Science and EngineeringXi'an University of Science and Technology (XUST) Xi'an China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Coal FireXUST Xi'an China
| | - Qing‐Tao Pang
- College of Safety Science and EngineeringXi'an University of Science and Technology (XUST) Xi'an China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Coal FireXUST Xi'an China
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