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Guo Z, Liu G, Hao H, Yang J, Lei H, Shi X, Li W, Liu W. Polyaniline-graphene based composites electrode materials in supercapacitor: synthesis, performance and prospects. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:263001. [PMID: 38537284 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad386f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Supercapacitors (SCs) have become one of the most popular energy-storage devices for high power density and fast charging/discharging capability. Polyaniline is a class of conductive polymer materials with ultra-high specific capacitance, and the excellent mechanical properties will play a key role in the research of flexible SCs. The synergistic effect between polyaniline and graphene is often used to overcome their respective inherent shortcomings, thus the high-performance polyaniline-graphene based nanocomposite electrode materials can be prepared. The development of graphene-polyaniline nanocomposites as electrode materials for SCs depends on their excellent microstructure design. However, it is still difficult to seek a balance between graphene performance and functionalization to improve the weak interfacial interaction between graphene and polyaniline. In this manuscript, the latest preparation methods, research progress and research results of graphene-polyaniline nanocomposites on SCs are reviewed, and the optimization of electrode structures and performances is discussed. Finally, the prospect of graphene-polyaniline composites is expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zefei Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Gengzheng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Huilian Hao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Huayu Lei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuerong Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyao Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfu Liu
- College of Energy Engineering, Huanghai University, 76 Kaiyuan Road, Zhumadian, People's Republic of China
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2
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Kenawy ER, Moharram YI, Abouharga FS, Elfiky M. Electrospun network based on polyacrylonitrile-polyphenyl/titanium oxide nanofibers for high-performance supercapacitor device. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6683. [PMID: 38509116 PMCID: PMC10954625 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56545-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanofibers and mat-like polyacrylonitrile-polyphenyl/titanium oxide (PAN-Pph./TiO2) with proper electrochemical properties were fabricated via a single-step electrospinning technique for supercapacitor application. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), thermogravimetry (TGA), fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) were conducted to characterize the morphological and chemical composition of all fabricated nanofibers. Furthermore, the electrochemical activity of the fabricated nanofibers for energy storage applications (supercapacitor) was probed by cyclic voltammetry (CV), charge-discharge (CD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The PAN-PPh./TiO2 nanofiber electrode revealed a proper specific capacitance of 484 F g-1 at a current density of 11.0 A g-1 compared with PAN (198 F g-1), and PAN-PPh. (352 F g-1) nanofibers using the charge-discharge technique. Furthermore, the PAN-PPh./TiO2 nanofiber electrode displayed a proper energy density of 16.8 Wh kg-1 at a power density (P) of 2749.1 Wkg-1. Moreover, the PAN-PPh./TiO2 nanofiber electrode has a low electrical resistance of 23.72 Ω, and outstanding cycling stability of 79.38% capacitance retention after 3000 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- El-Refaie Kenawy
- Polymer Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Youssef I Moharram
- Analytical and Electrochemistry Research UNIT, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Fatma S Abouharga
- Analytical and Electrochemistry Research UNIT, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mona Elfiky
- Analytical and Electrochemistry Research UNIT, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
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Shaheen Shah S, Oladepo S, Ali Ehsan M, Iali W, Alenaizan A, Nahid Siddiqui M, Oyama M, Al-Betar AR, Aziz MA. Recent Progress in Polyaniline and its Composites for Supercapacitors. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300105. [PMID: 37222655 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Polyaniline (PANI) has piqued the interest of nanotechnology researchers due to its potential as an electrode material for supercapacitors. Despite its ease of synthesis and ability to be doped with a wide range of materials, PANI's poor mechanical properties have limited its use in practical applications. To address this issue, researchers investigated using PANI composites with materials with highly specific surface areas, active sites, porous architectures, and high conductivity. The resulting composite materials have improved energy storage performance, making them promising electrode materials for supercapacitors. Here, we provide an overview of recent developments in PANI-based supercapacitors, focusing on using electrochemically active carbon and redox-active materials as composites. We discuss challenges and opportunities of synthesizing PANI-based composites for supercapacitor applications. Furthermore, we provide theoretical insights into the electrical properties of PANI composites and their potential as active electrode materials. The need for this review stems from the growing interest in PANI-based composites to improve supercapacitor performance. By examining recent progress in this field, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art and potential of PANI-based composites for supercapacitor applications. This review adds value by highlighting challenges and opportunities associated with synthesizing and utilizing PANI-based composites, thereby guiding future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Shaheen Shah
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8520, Japan
| | - Sulayman Oladepo
- Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Ali Ehsan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage (IRC-HES), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, KFUPM Box 5040, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wissam Iali
- Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asem Alenaizan
- Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Nahid Siddiqui
- Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Munetaka Oyama
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8520, Japan
| | - Abdul-Rahman Al-Betar
- Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage (IRC-HES), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, KFUPM Box 5040, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Abdul Aziz
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage (IRC-HES), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, KFUPM Box 5040, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
- K.A. CARE Energy Research & Innovation Center, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
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Aziz MA, Shah SS, Mahnashi YA, Mahfoz W, Alzahrani AS, Hakeem AS, Shaikh MN. A High-Energy Asymmetric Supercapacitor Based on Tomato-Leaf-Derived Hierarchical Porous Activated Carbon and Electrochemically Deposited Polyaniline Electrodes for Battery-Free Heart-Pulse-Rate Monitoring. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2300258. [PMID: 37093224 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A simple and scalable method to fabricate a novel high-energy asymmetric supercapacitor using tomato-leaf-derived hierarchical porous activated carbon (TAC) and electrochemically deposited polyaniline (PANI) for a battery-free heart-pulse-rate monitor is reported. In this study, TAC is prepared by simple pyrolysis, exhibiting nanosheet-type morphology and a high specific surface area of ≈1440 m2 g-1 , and PANI is electrochemically deposited onto carbon cloth. The TAC- and PANI- based asymmetric supercapacitor demonstrates an electrochemical performance superior to that of symmetric supercapacitors, delivering a high specific capacitance of 248 mF cm-2 at a current density of 1.0 mA cm-2 . The developed asymmetric supercapacitor shows a high energy density of 270 µWh cm-2 at a power density of 1400 µW cm-2 , as well as an excellent cyclic stability of ≈95% capacitance retention after 10 000 charging-discharging cycles while maintaining ≈98% Coulombic efficiency. Impressively, the series-connected asymmetric supercapacitors can operate a battery-free heart-pulse-rate monitor extremely efficiently upon solar-panel charging under regular laboratory illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdul Aziz
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage (IRC-HES), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, KFUPM Box 5040, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
- K. A. CARE Energy Research & Innovation Center, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Shaheen Shah
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage (IRC-HES), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, KFUPM Box 5040, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Physics Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, KFUPM Box 5047, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yaqub Alhussain Mahnashi
- Electrical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, KFUPM Box 5047, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Center for Communication Systems and Sensing, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael Mahfoz
- Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atif Saeed Alzahrani
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage (IRC-HES), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, KFUPM Box 5040, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abbas Saeed Hakeem
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage (IRC-HES), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, KFUPM Box 5040, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Nasiruzzaman Shaikh
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage (IRC-HES), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, KFUPM Box 5040, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
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Li M, Hu Y, Dong G, Wu T, Geng D. Achieving Tunable Selectivity and Activity of CO 2 Electroreduction to CO via Bimetallic Silver-Copper Electronic Engineering. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207242. [PMID: 36631289 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Limited comprehension of the reaction mechanism has hindered the development of catalysts for CO2 reduction reactions (CO2 RR). Here, the bimetallic AgCu nanocatalyst platform is employed to understand the effect of the electronic structure of catalysts on the selectivity and activity for CO2 electroreduction to CO. The atomic arrangement and electronic state structure vary with the atomic ratio of Ag and Cu, enabling tunable d-band centers to optimize the binding strength of key intermediates. Density functional theory calculations confirm that the variation of Cu content greatly affects the free energy of *COOH, *CO (intermediate of CO), and *H (intermediates of H2 ), which leads to the change of the rate-determining step. Specifically, Ag96 Cu4 reduces the free energy of the formation of *COOH while maintaining a relatively high theoretical overpotential for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER), thus achieving the best CO selectivity. While Ag70 Cu30 shows relatively low formation energy of both *COOH and *H, the compromised thermodynamic barrier and product selectivity allows Ag70 Cu30 the best CO partial current density. This study realizes the regulation of the selectivity and activity of electrocatalytic CO2 to CO, which provides a promising way to improve the intrinsic performance of CO2 RR on bimetallic AgCu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Yue Hu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Gang Dong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Tianci Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Dongsheng Geng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
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6
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Zhang R, Wang X, Cai S, Tao K, Xu Y. A Solid-State Wire-Shaped Supercapacitor Based on Nylon/Ag/Polypyrrole and Nylon/Ag/MnO 2 Electrodes. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15071627. [PMID: 37050240 PMCID: PMC10097388 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, a novel wire-shaped supercapacitor based on nylon yarn with a high specific capacitance and energy density was developed by designing an asymmetric configuration and integrating pseudocapacitive materials for both electrodes. The nylon/Ag/MnO2 yarn was prepared as a positive electrode by electrochemically depositing MnO2 on a silver-paste-coated nylon yarn. Additionally, PPy was prepared on nylon/Ag yarn by chemical polymerization firstly to enlarge the surface roughness of nylon/Ag, and then the PPy could be easily coated on the chemically polymerized nylon/Ag/PPy by electrochemical polymerization to obtain a nylon/Ag/PPy yarn-shaped negative electrode. The wire-shaped asymmetric supercapacitor (WASC) was fabricated by assembling the nylon/Ag/MnO2 electrode, nylon/Ag/PPy electrode and PAANa/Na2SO4 gel electrolyte. This WASC showed a wide potential window of 1.6 V and a high energy density varying from 13.9 to 4.2 μWh cm-2 with the corresponding power density changing from 290 to 2902 μW cm-2. Meanwhile, because of the high flexibility of the nylon substrate and superior adhesion of active materials, the WASC showed a good electrochemical performance stability under different bending conditions, suggesting its good flexibility. The promising performance of this novel WASC is of great potential for wearable/portable devices in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirong Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Xiangao Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Sheng Cai
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Kai Tao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Yanmeng Xu
- Cleaner Electronics Group, College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
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Ul Hoque MI, Holze R. Intrinsically Conducting Polymer Composites as Active Masses in Supercapacitors. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030730. [PMID: 36772032 PMCID: PMC9920322 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrinsically conducting polymers ICPs can be combined with further electrochemically active materials into composites for use as active masses in supercapacitor electrodes. Typical examples are inspected with particular attention to the various roles played by the constituents of the composites and to conceivable synergistic effects. Stability of composite electrode materials, as an essential property for practical application, is addressed, taking into account the observed causes and effects of materials degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Ikram Ul Hoque
- Discipline of Chemistry, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Rudolf Holze
- Department of Electrochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Institut für Chemie, Chemnitz University of Technology, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
- Correspondence:
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Igwe Idumah
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Faculty of Engineering, Awka, Nigeria
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YAZAR AYDOĞAN S. Fabrication of Textile-Based Flexible Supercapacitor with a Textile Dye on Polyaniline-Based Composite Electrode for Enhanced Energy Storage. JOURNAL OF THE TURKISH CHEMICAL SOCIETY, SECTION A: CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.1127200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyaniline (PANI) is a promising conductive polymer for use in energy storage applications. Here, a one-step hydrothermal method of PANI polymerization on carbon felt electrode was synthesized using an azo dye, a bisulfonated dichloro anionic dye molecule to enhance an efficient textile-based flexible supercapacitor electrode material for energy storage applications. The electrode material synthesized at concentration of 2 mM AY17 exhibits 814.1 F g-1 at the scan rate of 5 mV s-1 with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Due to electrostatic interaction with the polymer, the presence of high electronegativity Cl atoms in the dye molecule significantly improves the PANI structure's electron donor/acceptor properties. A symmetric supercapacitor exhibits an energy density of 11.7 W h kg−1 at a power density of 300 W kg−1, and it is 4.5 W h kg−1 at 1800 W kg−1 in 3.0 M KCl aqueous electrolyte. The capacitance retention performance value of the symmetric supercapacitor exhibited 81.76% after 2500 cycles.
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10
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Ansari SA. Graphene Quantum Dots: Novel Properties and Their Applications for Energy Storage Devices. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3814. [PMID: 36364590 PMCID: PMC9656052 DOI: 10.3390/nano12213814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Batteries and supercapacitors are the next-generation alternative energy resources that can fulfil the requirement of energy demand worldwide. In regard to the development of efficient energy storage devices, various materials have been tested as electrode materials. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs), a new class of carbon-based nanomaterial, have driven a great research interest due to their unique fundamental properties. High conductivity, abundant specific surface area, and sufficient solubility, in combination with quantum confinement and edge effect, have made them appropriate for a broad range of applications such as optical, catalysis, energy storage and conversion. This review article will present the latest research on the utilization of GQDs and their composites to modify the electrodes used in energy storage devices. Several major challenges have been discussed and, finally, future perspectives have been provided for the better implementation of GQDs in the energy storage research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Ali Ansari
- Department of Physics, College of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Hofuf 31982, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Ega SP, Karri SN, Srinivasan P. Polyanilines from spent battery powder and activated carbon: Electrodes for asymmetric supercapacitor cell. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sai Prasad Ega
- Polymers & Functional Materials Department CSIR – Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR‐HRDG Campus Ghaziabad India
| | - Sangam Naidu Karri
- Department of Energy & Environmental Engineering CSIR – Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad India
| | - Palaniappan Srinivasan
- Polymers & Functional Materials Department CSIR – Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR‐HRDG Campus Ghaziabad India
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12
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Shi D, Yang M, Zhang B, Hu H, Ai Z, Shao Y, Shen J, Wu Y, Hao X. Design of Boron Carbonitrides-Polyaniline (BCN-PANI) Assembled Supercapacitor with High Voltage Window. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 626:544-553. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.06.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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13
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Sarma YSS, Gupta N, Bhattacharya P. A composite electrode of
2D‐Ti3C2
(
MXene
) and polyemeraldine salt of polyaniline for supercapacitor with high areal capacitance. POLYM ENG SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yallapragada Sai Swaroop Sarma
- Functional Materials Group, Advanced Materials & Processes Division CSIR‐National Metallurgical Laboratory (NML) Burmamines, East Singhbhum, Jamshedpur Jharkhand India
| | - Nisha Gupta
- Functional Materials Group, Advanced Materials & Processes Division CSIR‐National Metallurgical Laboratory (NML) Burmamines, East Singhbhum, Jamshedpur Jharkhand India
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Functional Materials Group, Advanced Materials & Processes Division CSIR‐National Metallurgical Laboratory (NML) Burmamines, East Singhbhum, Jamshedpur Jharkhand India
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14
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Feng J, Weng X, Mandujano MAG, Muminov B, Ahuja G, Méndez ER, Yin Y, Vuong LT. Insect-inspired nanofibrous polyaniline multi-scale films for hybrid polarimetric imaging with scattered light. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2022; 7:319-327. [PMID: 35166291 DOI: 10.1039/d1nh00465d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a bio-inspired coating for novel imaging and sensing designs: the coating sorts different colors and linear polarizations. This coating, composed of conducting, nanofibrous polyaniline in an inverse opal film (PANI-IOF), is inexpensive and can feasibly be deposited over large areas on a range of flexible and non-flat substrates. With PANI IOFs, light is scattered into azimuthally polarized Debye rings. Subsequently, the diffracted speckle patterns carry compressed representations of the polarized illumination, which we reconstruct using shallow neural networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Feng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Xiaojing Weng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Miguel A G Mandujano
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Baurzhan Muminov
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Gaurav Ahuja
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Eugenio R Méndez
- División de Física Aplicada, CICESE, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana 3918, Ensenada, BC, 22860, Mexico
| | - Yadong Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Luat T Vuong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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15
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Holze R. Conjugated Molecules and Polymers in Secondary Batteries: A Perspective. Molecules 2022; 27:546. [PMID: 35056862 PMCID: PMC8779067 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsically conducting polymers constituting a subclass of macromolecules, as well as a still growing family of large, conjugated molecules, oligomers, and polymers, have attracted research interest for the recent decades. Closely corresponding to the fascination of these materials, combining typical properties of organic polymers and metallic materials, numerous applications have been suggested, explored, and sometimes transferred into products. In electrochemistry, they have been used in various functions beyond the initially proposed and obvious application as active masses in devices for electrochemical energy conversion and storage. This perspective contribution wraps up basic facts that are necessary to understand the behavior and properties of the oligo and polymers and their behavior in electrochemical cells for energy conversion by electrode reactions and associated energy storage. Representative examples are presented and discussed, and an overview of the state of research and development is provided. Particular attention is paid to stability and related aspects of practical importance. Future trends and perspectives are indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Holze
- Chemnitz University of Technology, Institut für Chemie, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany;
- Saint Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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Boosting the Electrochemical Performance of Polyaniline by One-Step Electrochemical Deposition on Nickel Foam for High-Performance Asymmetric Supercapacitor. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14020270. [PMID: 35054676 PMCID: PMC8778786 DOI: 10.3390/polym14020270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy generation can be clean and sustainable if it is dependent on renewable resources and it can be prominently utilized if stored efficiently. Recently, biomass-derived carbon and polymers have been focused on developing less hazardous eco-friendly electrodes for energy storage devices. We have focused on boosting the supercapacitor's energy storage ability by engineering efficient electrodes in this context. The well-known conductive polymer, polyaniline (PANI), deposited on nickel foam (NF) is used as a positive electrode, while the activated carbon derived from jute sticks (JAC) deposited on NF is used as a negative electrode. The asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) is fabricated for the electrochemical studies and found that the device has exhibited an energy density of 24 µWh/cm2 at a power density of 3571 µW/cm2. Furthermore, the ASC PANI/NF//KOH//JAC/NF has exhibited good stability with ~86% capacitance retention even after 1000 cycles. Thus, the enhanced electrochemical performances of ASC are congregated by depositing PANI on NF that boosts the electrode's conductivity. Such deposition patterns are assured by faster ions diffusion, higher surface area, and ample electroactive sites for better electrolyte interaction. Besides advancing technology, such work also encourages sustainability.
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17
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Omar ÖH, Del Cueto M, Nematiaram T, Troisi A. High-throughput virtual screening for organic electronics: a comparative study of alternative strategies. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. C 2021; 9:13557-13583. [PMID: 34745630 PMCID: PMC8515942 DOI: 10.1039/d1tc03256a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We present a review of the field of high-throughput virtual screening for organic electronics materials focusing on the sequence of methodological choices that determine each virtual screening protocol. These choices are present in all high-throughput virtual screenings and addressing them systematically will lead to optimised workflows and improve their applicability. We consider the range of properties that can be computed and illustrate how their accuracy can be determined depending on the quality and size of the experimental datasets. The approaches to generate candidates for virtual screening are also extremely varied and their relative strengths and weaknesses are discussed. The analysis of high-throughput virtual screening is almost never limited to the identification of top candidates and often new patterns and structure-property relations are the most interesting findings of such searches. The review reveals a very dynamic field constantly adapting to match an evolving landscape of applications, methodologies and datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömer H Omar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 3BX UK
| | - Marcos Del Cueto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 3BX UK
| | | | - Alessandro Troisi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 3BX UK
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18
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Recent Advances in Graphene and Conductive Polymer Composites for Supercapacitor Electrodes: A Review. CRYSTALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11080947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Supercapacitors (SCs) have generated a great deal of interest regarding their prospects for application in energy storage due to their advantages such as long life cycles and high-power density. Graphene is an excellent electrode material for SCs due to its high electric conductivity and highly specific surface area. Conductive polymers (CPs) could potentially become the next-generation SC electrodes because of their low cost, facile synthesis methods, and high pseudocapacitance. Graphene/CP composites show conspicuous electrochemical performance when used as electrode materials for SCs. In this article, we present and summarize the synthesis and electrochemical performance of graphene/CP composites for SCs. Additionally, the method for synthesizing electrode materials for better electrochemical performance is discussed.
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19
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Bláha M, Bouša M, Valeš V, Frank O, Kalbáč M. Two-Dimensional CVD-Graphene/Polyaniline Supercapacitors: Synthesis Strategy and Electrochemical Operation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:34686-34695. [PMID: 34270890 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanocomposites of graphene materials and conducting polymers have been extensively studied as promising materials for electrodes of supercapacitors. Here, we present a graphene/polyaniline heterostructure consisting of a CVD-graphene and polyaniline monolayer and its electrochemical operation in a supercapacitor. The synthesis employs functionalization of graphene by p-phenylene sulfonic groups and oxidative polymerization of anilinium by ammonium persulfate under reaction conditions, providing no bulk polyaniline. Scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy showed the selective formation of polyaniline on the graphene. In situ Raman spectroelectrochemistry and cyclic voltammetry (both in a microdroplet setup) confirm the reversibility of polyaniline redox transitions and graphene electrochemical doping. After an increase within the initial 200 cycles due to the formation of benzoquinone-hydroquinone defects in polyaniline, the specific areal capacitance remained for 2400 cycles with ±1% retention at 21.2 μF cm-2, one order of magnitude higher than the capacitance of pristine graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Bláha
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, CZ-182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Bouša
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, CZ-182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Valeš
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, CZ-182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Otakar Frank
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, CZ-182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kalbáč
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, CZ-182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
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20
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Abu Hassan Shaari H, Ramli MM, Mohtar MN, Abdul Rahman N, Ahmad A. Synthesis and Conductivity Studies of Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) (PMMA) by Co-Polymerization and Blending with Polyaniline (PANi). Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1939. [PMID: 34207932 PMCID: PMC8230699 DOI: 10.3390/polym13121939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is a lightweight insulating polymer that possesses good mechanical stability. On the other hand, polyaniline (PANi) is one of the most favorable conducting materials to be used, as it is easily synthesized, cost-effective, and has good conductivity. However, most organic solvents have restricted potential applications due to poor mechanical properties and dispersibility. Compared to PANi, PMMA has more outstanding physical and chemical properties, such as good dimensional stability and better molecular interactions between the monomers. To date, many research studies have focused on incorporating PANi into PMMA. In this review, the properties and suitability of PANi as a conducting material are briefly reviewed. The major parts of this paper reviewed different approaches to incorporating PANi into PMMA, as well as evaluating the modifications to improve its conductivity. Finally, the polymerization condition to prepare PMMA/PANi copolymer to improve its conductivity is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helyati Abu Hassan Shaari
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (H.A.H.S.); (N.A.R.)
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Perlis Branch, Arau Campus, Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Mahyiddin Ramli
- Geopolymer and Green Technology, Centre of Excellence (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar 01000, Perlis, Malaysia;
| | - Mohd Nazim Mohtar
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (H.A.H.S.); (N.A.R.)
- Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norizah Abdul Rahman
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (H.A.H.S.); (N.A.R.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Azizan Ahmad
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Department of Physics, University of Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
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21
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22
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Novel hierarchical yolk-shell α-Ni(OH)2/Mn2O3 microspheres as high specific capacitance electrode materials for supercapacitors. Front Chem Sci Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-021-2036-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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23
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Wu K, Fu P, Wang Z, Zhao Q, Guo J, Ruan B, Wu M. The effect of polyaniline electrode doped with transition metal ions for supercapacitors. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kezhong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nano‐materials of Hebei Province, Department of Chemistry and Material Science Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang P.R. China
| | - Pengyuan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nano‐materials of Hebei Province, Department of Chemistry and Material Science Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang P.R. China
| | - Zejin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nano‐materials of Hebei Province, Department of Chemistry and Material Science Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang P.R. China
| | - Qiongwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nano‐materials of Hebei Province, Department of Chemistry and Material Science Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang P.R. China
| | - Jianing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nano‐materials of Hebei Province, Department of Chemistry and Material Science Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang P.R. China
| | - Bei Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nano‐materials of Hebei Province, Department of Chemistry and Material Science Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang P.R. China
| | - Mingxing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nano‐materials of Hebei Province, Department of Chemistry and Material Science Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang P.R. China
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24
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Long-term electrochemical stability of polyaniline- and polypyrrole-based hydrogels. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01519-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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25
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Liu P, Wang Q, Wang D, Kang X, Niu J. Tetraaniline microcrystals: Promising electrode for long-life supercapacitors. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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26
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Khalid N, Razak JA, Hasib H, Ismail M, Mohamad N, Junid R, Puspitasari P. A short review on polyaniline (PANI) based nanocomposites for various applications: enhancing the electrical conductivity. IOP CONFERENCE SERIES: MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020; 957:012028. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/957/1/012028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
This short review has summarized the significance of polyaniline (PANI) advanced polymer that focusing into their modification strategy, electrical conductivity and various potential applications. PANI is one type of conductive polymer that was synthesized by oxidative aniline polymerization with varied concentration of acid dopant. In recent year, many researches has been conducted specifically to enhance the electrical conductivity of PANI. There have been numbers of studies involving PANI that specially reported the electrical conductivity could be improved through proper dopant (acid) selection and robust composite strategy. The PANI based nanocomposite shows higher electrical conductivity by integrating it with nanofiller due to the filler-matrix interface contact. Therefore, by modifying the PANI properties, it could be benefited for various potential application in the future.
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27
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Zhao L, Sun Z, Wan H, Liu H, Wu D, Wang X, Cui X. A novel self-thermoregulatory electrode material based on phosphorene-decorated phase-change microcapsules for supercapacitors. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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28
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Choi YC, Kim MS, Ryu KM, Lee SH, Jeong YG. Poly(azomethine ether)‐derived carbon nanofibers for self‐standing and binder‐free supercapacitor electrode material applications. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Young Chul Choi
- Department of Advanced Organic Materials and Textile System Engineering Chungnam National University Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Min Su Kim
- Department of Advanced Organic Materials and Textile System Engineering Chungnam National University Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Moon Ryu
- Department of Advanced Organic Materials and Textile System Engineering Chungnam National University Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Lee
- Department of Advanced Organic Materials and Textile System Engineering Chungnam National University Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Young Gyu Jeong
- Department of Advanced Organic Materials and Textile System Engineering Chungnam National University Daejeon Republic of Korea
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29
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Hong J, Kim H, Lee JE, Ko YN, Park KT, Kim YE, Youn MH, Jeong SK, Park J, Lee W. Nitrogen and sulfur dual-doped porous carbon derived from coffee waste and cysteine for electrochemical energy storage. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-020-0544-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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30
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The First Stages of Chemical and Electrochemical Aniline Oxidation—Spectroscopic Comparative Study. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10062091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
There are several types of aniline oligomers that can be formed in the early stages of aniline oxidation: linear oligomers with repeating units joined in para positions, and various branched and polycyclic oligomers, being the two most important groups. The fraction of these different oligomeric groups depends upon the reaction conditions of aniline oxidation. The aim of this study was to analyze the first products of the chemical and electrochemical oxidation of aniline at the (starting) pH 1 and 7, in order to specify the conditions of the formation of phenazine-like oligomers, and to test the theory that they have an important role in polyaniline film formation. We have confirmed that phenazine-like oligomers do not form at pH 1, neither in the chemical nor the electrochemical oxidation of aniline; however, they form in both chemical and electrochemical oxidation of aniline at pH 7. Phenazine-like oligomers are thus definitely not necessary intermediates for PANI film formation, not even in the chemical polymerization of aniline. Finally, the redox behavior of phenazine-like oligomers was demonstrated in a medium at pH 1.
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31
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Influence of Acidity and Oxidant Concentration on the Nanostructures and Electrochemical Performance of Polyaniline during Fast Microwave-Assisted Chemical Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12020310. [PMID: 32028689 PMCID: PMC7077415 DOI: 10.3390/polym12020310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyaniline (PANI), a typical conducting polymer, has attracted great interest as an electrode material. A series of PANIs were prepared through fast microwave-assisted chemical oxidative polymerization with varying HCl and APS concentrations here. It was found that the microwave synthesized PANIs had ~4 times higher for the yields and 7~10 times higher for the electrical conductivity in comparison to PANI samples prepared using conventional method. PANI nanosheets could easily be fabricated in weakly acidic solution due to their oligomeric structure, which contained flat phenazine rings. By contrast, linear PANI chains produced in highly acidic solutions formed nanofibers. The APS concentration did not significantly affect the molecular structures of PANIs under the conditions here. However, increasing the concentration of APS produced nanofibers with shorter branches, which may be due to secondary nucleation during chain growth resulting from increases in active initiation centers. The electrical conductivity and electrochemical performance of PANIs were both improved with increasing HCl and APS concentrations. Improvements due to increases in HCl concentration may be attributed to additions in conjugation length and enrichment of doping levels, while improvements due to increases in APS concentration could be attributed to the increased crystallinity of PANI, which facilitates ion transport.
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MARTINS VITORL, NEVES HERBERTR, MONJE IVONNEE, LEITE MARINAM, OLIVEIRA PAULOFDE, ANTONIASSI RODOLFOM, CHAUQUE SUSANA, MORAIS WILLIAMG, MELO EDUARDOC, OBANA THIAGOT, SOUZA BRENOL, TORRESI ROBERTOM. An Overview on the Development of Electrochemical Capacitors and Batteries – Part I. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 92:e20200796. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020200796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - HERBERT R. NEVES
- Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil; Catarinense Federal Institute for Education Science and Technology – IFC, Brazil
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