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Bellini C, Mancin F, Papini E, Tavano R. Nanotechnological Approaches to Enhance the Potential of α-Lipoic Acid for Application in the Clinic. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:706. [PMID: 38929145 PMCID: PMC11201002 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
α-lipoic acid is a naturally occurring compound with potent antioxidant properties that helps protect cells and tissues from oxidative stress. Its incorporation into nanoplatforms can affect factors like bioavailability, stability, reactivity, and targeted delivery. Nanoformulations of α-lipoic acid can significantly enhance its solubility and absorption, making it more bioavailable. While α-lipoic acid can be prone to degradation in its free form, encapsulation within nanoparticles ensures its stability over time, and its release in a controlled and sustained manner to the targeted tissues and cells. In addition, α-lipoic acid can be combined with other compounds, such as other antioxidants, drugs, or nanomaterials, to create synergistic effects that enhance their overall therapeutic benefits or hinder their potential cytotoxicity. This review outlines the advantages and drawbacks associated with the use of α-lipoic acid, as well as various nanotechnological approaches employed to enhance its therapeutic effectiveness, whether alone or in combination with other bioactive agents. Furthermore, it describes the engineering of α-lipoic acid to produce poly(α-lipoic acid) nanoparticles, which hold promise as an effective drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bellini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35121 Padova, Italy; (C.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Fabrizio Mancin
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35121 Padova, Italy;
| | - Emanuele Papini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35121 Padova, Italy; (C.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Regina Tavano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35121 Padova, Italy; (C.B.); (E.P.)
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2
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Ruchika, Bhardwaj N, Saneja A. Orally fast dissolving α-lipoic acid electrospun nanofibers mitigates lipopolysaccharide induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130623. [PMID: 38447832 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
α-Lipoic acid (LA), a dietary supplement known for its strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential, faces challenges due to its poor aqueous solubility and thermal instability. To address these issues, herein methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (M-β-CD) was utilized to create inclusion complex (IC) of LA in 1:1 M stoichiometric ratio of M-β-CD to LA. The LA-M-β-CD-IC was further combined with pullulan (PUL), a non-toxic and water-soluble biopolymer, for the development of electrospun nanofibers (NF) by green and sustainable approach. The resulting PUL/LA/M-β-CD NF formed as a self-standing and flexible material with an average diameter of 569 ± 129 nm and encapsulation efficiency of ∼86.90 %. The developed NF demonstrated an accelerated release, quick dissolution, and disintegration when exposed to artificial saliva replicating the conditions of oral cavity. PUL/LA/M-β-CD NF attenuated the production of ROS and NO by downregulating pro-inflammatory enzymes (iNOS and COX-2) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, PUL/LA/M-β-CD NF also significantly downregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β along with suppression of NF-ĸB nuclear translocation in comparison to LA (at 250 μM). In nutshell, PUL/LA/M-β-CD NF demonstrated great potential as a rapid disintegrating delivery system for oral anti-inflammatory treatment due to the enhanced physicochemical characteristics of LA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchika
- Formulation Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Neha Bhardwaj
- Formulation Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ankit Saneja
- Formulation Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Zaiki Y, Iskandar A, Wong TW. Functionalized chitosan for cancer nano drug delivery. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 67:108200. [PMID: 37331671 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan is a biotechnological derivative of chitin receiving a widespread pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. It can be used to encapsulate and deliver cancer therapeutics with inherent pH-dependent solubility to confer drug targeting at tumour microenvironment and anti-cancer activity synergizing cancer cytotoxic drug actions. To further reduce the off-target and by-stander adverse effects of drugs, a high targeted drug delivery efficiency at the lowest possible drug doses is clinically required. The chitosan has been functionalized with covalent conjugates or complexes and processed into nanoparticles to encapsulate and control drug release, to avoid premature drug clearance, to deliver drugs passively and actively to cancer site at tissue, cell or subcellular levels, and to promote cancer cell uptake of nanoparticles through membrane permeabilization at higher specificity and scale. Nanomedicine developed using functionalized chitosan translates to significant preclinical improvements. Future challenges related to nanotoxicity, manufacturability, selection precision of conjugates and complexes as a function of cancer omics and their biological responses from administration site to cancer target need critical assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazid Zaiki
- Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Smart Manufacturing Research Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Particle Design Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Athirah Iskandar
- Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Smart Manufacturing Research Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Particle Design Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tin Wui Wong
- Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Smart Manufacturing Research Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Particle Design Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Sino-Malaysia Molecular Oncology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Delivery Joint Research Centre, Medical College, Yangzhou University, 136, Jiangyang Middle Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China; Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Akhlaq A, Ashraf M, Omer MO, Altaf I. Carvacrol-Fabricated Chitosan Nanoparticle Synergistic Potential with Topoisomerase Inhibitors on Breast and Cervical Cancer Cells. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:31826-31838. [PMID: 37692253 PMCID: PMC10483689 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Breast and cervical cancers are the most common heterogeneous malignancies in women. Chemotherapy with conventional drug delivery systems having several limitations along with development of multidrug resistance compelled us to seek out targeted therapeutics. Nanoparticles are suitable substitutes to circumvent multidrug resistance for the targeted treatment of cancer. The current study was aimed to investigate the anticancer effect of carvacrol-loaded chitosan nanoparticles with topoisomerase inhibitors. The average size of carvacrol-loaded chitosan nanoparticles was found to be 80 nm with 24.7 mV ζ-potential, and maximum absorbance was observed at 275 nm. Among all drug combinations, the carvacrol nanoparticles with the doxorubicin combination group exerted greater dose-dependent growth inhibition of both MCF-7 and HeLa cells as compared to single carvacrol nanoparticles and doxorubicin. Combination index values of carvacrol nanoparticles and the doxorubicin combination group showed a strong synergistic effect as they were found to be between 0.2 and 0.4, 0.31 for MCF-7 and 0.34 for HeLa cells. The carvacrol nanoparticles in combination with doxorubicin on MCF-7 cells reduced the dose 16.32-fold for carvacrol nanoparticles and 4.09-fold for doxorubicin at 6.23 μg/mL IC50, while on HeLa cells, this combination reduced the dose 13.18-fold for carvacrol nanoparticles and 3.83-fold for doxorubicin at 9.33 μg/mL IC50. As the dose reduction values were greater than 1, they indicated favorable dose reduction. It was concluded that the combination of carvacrol-loaded chitosan nanoparticles with topoisomerase inhibitors may represent an innovative and promising strategy to improve the efficacy, resistance, and targeted delivery of chemotherapeutics in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Akhlaq
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University
of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University
of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ovais Omer
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University
of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Imran Altaf
- Institute
of Microbiology, University of Veterinary
and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
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Freire N, Barbosa RDM, García-Villén F, Viseras C, Perioli L, Fialho R, Albuquerque E. Environmentally Friendly Strategies for Formulating Vegetable Oil-Based Nanoparticles for Anticancer Medicine. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1908. [PMID: 37514094 PMCID: PMC10386571 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of green synthesized polymeric nanoparticles with anticancer studies has been an emerging field in academia and the pharmaceutical and chemical industries. Vegetable oils are potential substitutes for petroleum derivatives, as they present a clean and environmentally friendly alternative and are available in abundance at relatively low prices. Biomass-derived chemicals can be converted into monomers with a unique structure, generating materials with new properties for the synthesis of sustainable monomers and polymers. The production of bio-based polymeric nanoparticles is a promising application of green chemistry for biomedical uses. There is an increasing demand for biocompatible and biodegradable materials for specific applications in the biomedical area, such as cancer therapy. This is encouraging scientists to work on research toward designing polymers with enhanced properties and clean processes, containing oncology active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). The nanoencapsulation of these APIs in bio-based polymeric nanoparticles can control the release of the substances, increase bioavailability, reduce problems of volatility and degradation, reduce side effects, and increase treatment efficiency. This review discusses the use of green chemistry for bio-based nanoparticle production and its application in anticancer medicine. The use of castor oil for the production of renewable monomers and polymers is proposed as an ideal candidate for such applications, as well as more suitable methods for the production of bio-based nanoparticles and some oncology APIs available for anticancer application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathália Freire
- Graduate Program in Industrial Engineering, Polytechnic School, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40210-630, Brazil
| | - Raquel de Melo Barbosa
- Laboratory of Drug Development, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil
| | - Fátima García-Villén
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - César Viseras
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Andalusian Institute of Earth Sciences, CSIC-University of Granada, Av. de las Palmeras 4, Armilla, 18100 Granada, Spain
| | - Luana Perioli
- Department of Pharmaceutic Science, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Rosana Fialho
- Graduate Program in Industrial Engineering, Polytechnic School, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40210-630, Brazil
| | - Elaine Albuquerque
- Graduate Program in Industrial Engineering, Polytechnic School, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40210-630, Brazil
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Kale K, Fulfager A, Juvale K, Yadav KS. Long circulating polymeric nanoparticles of gemcitabine HCl using PLGA-PEG-PPG-PEG block co-polymer. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2022.2135514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ketaki Kale
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS Deemed to be University, Mumbai, India
| | - Aditi Fulfager
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS Deemed to be University, Mumbai, India
| | - Kapil Juvale
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS Deemed to be University, Mumbai, India
| | - Khushwant S. Yadav
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS Deemed to be University, Mumbai, India
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Kumari S, Dhiman P, Singh D, Saneja A. R-α-Lipoic Acid Conjugated to d-α-Tocopherol Polyethylene Glycol 1000 Succinate: Synthesis, Characterization, and Effect on Antiseizure Activity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:7674-7682. [PMID: 35713421 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
α-Lipoic acid (LA), a dithiol micronutrient, acts as a vital cofactor in various cellular catabolic reactions and is also known as a universal antioxidant. The therapeutic efficacy of LA is compromised by a poor aqueous solubility as well as a short half-life. In the present study, LA was conjugated to d-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) using carbodiimideacid-alcohol coupling reaction. The synthesized conjugate (TPGS-LA) was characterized using 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-vis spectroscopy, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The TPGS-LA conjugate was demonstrated to be biocompatible and to have better anticonvulsion activity as compared to native LA in pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced convulsions in zebrafish. Moreover, zebrafish larvae pretreated with TPGS-LA conjugate demonstrated a significant (p < 0.05) reduction of protein carbonylation levels and downregulation of c-fos expression during seizures as compared to native LA. Conclusively, the present findings demonstrate that the TPGS-LA conjugate can be a promising approach for the delivery of LA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savita Kumari
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061 Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Poonam Dhiman
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061 Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Damanpreet Singh
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061 Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ankit Saneja
- Formulation Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061 Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 Uttar Pradesh, India
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Sharma M, Bakshi AK, Mittapelly N, Gautam S, Marwaha D, Rai N, Singh N, Tiwari P, Aggarwal N, Kumar A, Mishra PR. Recent updates on innovative approaches to overcome drug resistance for better outcomes in cancer. J Control Release 2022; 346:43-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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9
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Metwaly HH, Fathy SA, Abdel Moneim MM, Emam MA, Soliman AF, El-Naggar ME, Omara EA, El-Bana MA. Chitosan and solid lipid nanoparticles enhance the efficiency of alpha-lipoic acid against experimental neurotoxicity. Toxicol Mech Methods 2021; 32:268-279. [PMID: 34697995 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2021.1998275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-lipoic acid (α-LA) is characterized by its unpleasant odor, poor bioavailability and stability. Nanotechnology was applied to overcome this limitation. So we aimed in this study to formulate α-LA in two different forms of chitosan nanoparticles (CsNPs) and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNPs) and characterize them in terms of physical properties and biological activities against aluminum chloride (AlCl3)-induced neurotoxicity in rats. The vivo study was processed on 50 rats divided into 5 groups as follow: control, neurotoxic, treated α-LA, treated α-lipoic acid-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (α-LA-CsNPs) and treated α-lipoic acid-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (α-LA-SLNPs) groups. The result was depicted by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that α-LA-SLNPs had a regular spherical shape while α-LA-CsNPs showed an irregular spherical form. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis showed that the average particle size for α-LA-SLNPs was about 71 nm and for α-LA-CsNPs was about 126 nm. After the experimental period, we observed that AlCl3 administration significantly increased oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and apoptosis and decreased brain fatty acid contentsand brain-derived neurotrophic factor,while α-LA, α-LA-CsNPs and α-LA-SLNPs were able to ameliorate these negative changes in the neurotoxic rats. However, the effect of the α-LA-loaded NPs was more prominent than that of pristine α-LA but the α-LA-SLNPs group was almost close to the control group. Conclusion: α-LA can attenuate neurotoxicity induced by AlCl3, attributed to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic activities in addition to the effectiveness of the encapsulation technique that can increase the efficiency and stability of α-LA. Moreover, α-LA-SLNPs are more efficient than α-LA-CsNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba H Metwaly
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Shadia A Fathy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mehrevan M Abdel Moneim
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Manal A Emam
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F Soliman
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mehrez E El-Naggar
- Pre-Treatment and Finishing of Cellulosic Fabric Department, Textile Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Enayat A Omara
- Pathology Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mona A El-Bana
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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Azmana M, Mahmood S, Hilles AR, Rahman A, Arifin MAB, Ahmed S. A review on chitosan and chitosan-based bionanocomposites: Promising material for combatting global issues and its applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 185:832-848. [PMID: 34237361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few years, several attempts have been made to replace petrochemical products with renewable and biodegradable components. The most challenging part of this approach is to obtain bio-based materials with properties and functions equivalent to those of synthetic products. Various naturally occurring polymers such as starch, collagen, alginate, cellulose, and chitin represent attractive candidates as they could reduce dependence on synthetic products and consequently positively impact the environment. Chitosan is also a unique bio-based polymer with excellent intrinsic properties. It is known for its anti-bacterial and film-forming properties, has high mechanical strength and good thermal stability. Nanotechnology has also applied chitosan-based materials in its most recent achievements. Therefore, numerous chitosan-based bionanocomposites with improved physical and chemical characteristics have been developed in an eco-friendly and cost-effective approach. This review discusses various sources of chitosan, its properties and methods of modification. Also, this work focuses on diverse preparation techniques of chitosan-based bionanocomposites and their emerging application in various sectors. Additionally, this review sheds light on future research scope with some drawbacks and challenges to motivate the researchers for future outstanding research works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motia Azmana
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Syed Mahmood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Centre for Natural Products Research and Drug Discovery (CENAR), Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Ayah Rebhi Hilles
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Science and Technology, PICOMS International University College of Medical Sciences, 68100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azizur Rahman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Azmir Bin Arifin
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Shakeeb Ahmed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, 110062 New Delhi, India
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More MP, Pardeshi SR, Pardeshi CV, Sonawane GA, Shinde MN, Deshmukh PK, Naik JB, Kulkarni AD. Recent advances in phytochemical-based Nano-formulation for drug-resistant Cancer. MEDICINE IN DRUG DISCOVERY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medidd.2021.100082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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