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Taslim F, Ashraf MU, Farooq M, Mahmood A, Sarfraz RM, Ijaz H, Shahid N, Gad HA. Development of pH-responsive Hydrogel from Copolymers of Artemisia vulgaris Seed Mucilage, Mucin, and poly(methacrylate) for Controlled Delivery of Acyclovir Sodium. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400421. [PMID: 39340476 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
To cope with the constraints of conventional drug delivery systems, site-specific drug delivery systems are the major focus of researchers. The present research developed water-swellable, pH-responsive methacrylic acid-based hydrogel scaffolds of Artemisia vulgaris seed mucilage with mucin and loaded with acyclovir sodium as a model drug. The developed hydrogel discs are evaluated for diverse parameters. Drug loading efficiency in all formulations ranges from 63% to 75%. The hydrogels exhibited pH-dependent swelling, displaying optimum swelling in a phosphate buffer (pH 7.4), and insignificant swelling in an acidic buffer (pH 1.2), in addition, they responded well to electrolyte concentrations. The sol-gel fraction is estimated ranging from 60 to 95%. Dissolution studies unveiled sustained drug release for 24 h in a phosphate buffer of pH 7.4, exhibiting zero-order release kinetics. Moreover, FTIR spectra confirmed the drug-excipient compatibility. SEM photomicrographs revealed a rough and porous surface of hydrogel discs with several pores and channels. The PXRD diffractograms exposed the amorphous nature of the polymeric blends. The findings of acute toxicity studies proved the developed hydrogel network is biocompatible. Therefore, these outcomes connote the newly created network as a smart delivery system, able to dispatch acyclovir sodium into the intestinal segment for a prolonged period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fouzia Taslim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, the University of Lahore, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Farooq
- Faculty of Pharmacy, the University of Lahore, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Asif Mahmood
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Chakwal, Chakwal, 48800, Pakistan
| | | | - Hira Ijaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pak-Austria Fachhochschule: Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Mang, Khanpur Road, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 22620, Pakistan
| | - Nariman Shahid
- Faculty of Pharmacy, the University of Lahore, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Heba A Gad
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, 21442, Saudi Arabia
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Razzaq A, Ashraf MU, Barkat K, Mahmood A, Sarfraz RM, Rehman U, Albrahim M, Elboughdiri N, Benguerba Y. Development and characterization of pH-responsive Delonix regia/mucin co-poly (acrylate) hydrogel for controlled drug delivery of metformin HCl. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:132767. [PMID: 38821296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
This study introduces a pH-responsive hydrogel developed from Delonix regia and mucin co-poly(acrylate) through free radical polymerization to enhance controlled drug delivery systems. Characterization using FTIR, DSC, TGA, SEM, PXRD, and EDX spectroscopy detailed the hydrogel's amorphous and crystalline structures, thermal stability, surface characteristics, and elemental composition. Tested at a pH of 7.4-mimicking intestinal conditions-the hydrogel demonstrated significant swelling, indicating its capability for targeted drug release. With Metformin HCl as a model drug, the hydrogel exhibited a promising sustained release profile, underscoring its potential for oral administration. Safety and biocompatibility were assessed through acute oral toxicity studies in albino rabbits, encompassing biochemical, hematological, and histopathological evaluations. X-ray imaging confirmed the hydrogel's navigability through the gastrointestinal tract, affirming its application in drug delivery. By potentially mitigating gastrointestinal side effects, enhancing patient compliance, and improving therapeutic efficacy, this Delonix regia/mucin co-poly(acrylate) hydrogel represents a step in pharmaceutical sciences, exploring innovative materials and methodologies for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Razzaq
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | | | - Kashif Barkat
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Asif Mahmood
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chakwal, Chakwal 48800, Pakistan
| | | | - Umaira Rehman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Malik Albrahim
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Ha'il, P.O. Box 2440, Ha'il 81441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noureddine Elboughdiri
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Ha'il, P.O. Box 2440, Ha'il 81441, Saudi Arabia; Chemical Engineering Process Department, National School of Engineers Gabes, University of Gabes, Gabes 6029, Tunisia
| | - Yacine Benguerba
- Laboratoire de Biopharmacie Et Pharmacotechnie (LBPT), Ferhat Abbas Setif 1 University, Setif, Algeria.
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Naeem A, Yu C, Wang X. Highly swellable, cytocompatible and biodegradeable guar gum-based hydrogel system for controlled release of bioactive components of liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.): Synthesis and evaluation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:132825. [PMID: 38852724 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn (liquorice) has been widely used for therapeutic purposes to treat digestive disorders, immunomodulatory disorders, inflammatory disorders, diabetes, viral infections, and cancer. Liquorice contains a wide variety of bioactive compounds, including glycyrrhizin, flavonoids, and terpenoids. Several factors compromise their therapeutic efficacy, such as poor pharmacokinetic profiles and physicochemical properties. Therefore, to improve its overall effectiveness, liquorice solid dispersion (LSD) was incorporated into biopolymer-based guar gum-grafted-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (Guar gum-g-AMPS) hydrogels designed for controlled delivery via the oral route and characterized. The qualitative analysis of LSD revealed 51 compounds. Hydrogel structural properties were assessed for their effect on swelling and release. The highest swelling ratio (6413 %) and drug release (84.12 %) occurred at pH 1.2 compared to pH 7.4 (swelling ratio of 2721 % and drug release of 79.36 %) in 48 h. The hydrogels exhibited high porosity (84.23 %) and biodegradation (9.30 % in 7 days). In vitro hemolysis tests have demonstrated the compatibility of the hydrogel with blood. CCK-8 assay confirmed the biocompatibility of the synthesized hydrogel using osteoblasts and RIN-m5f cells. LSD exhibited good anti-inflammatory activity when loaded into hydrogels after being subjected to protein denaturation experiments. Moreover, LSD-loaded hydrogels have good antioxidant and antibacterial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid Naeem
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, College of Medical Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China.
| | - Chengqun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 442000 Shiyan, China.
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Yasmin T, Mahmood A, Farooq M, Sarfraz RM, Boublia A, Rehman U, Ashraf MU, Bhutto JK, Ernst B, Albrahim M, Elboughdiri N, Yadav KK, Alreshidi MA, Ijaz H, Benguerba Y. Development and evaluation of a pH-responsive Mimosa pudica seed mucilage/β- cyclodextrin-co-poly(methacrylate) hydrogel for controlled drug delivery: In vitro and in vivo assessment. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131832. [PMID: 38663704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
In this comprehensive investigation, a novel pH-responsive hydrogel system comprising mimosa seed mucilage (MSM), β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), and methacrylic acid (MAA) was developed via free radical polymerization technique to promote controlled drug delivery. The hydrogel synthesis involved strategic variations in polymer, monomer, and crosslinker content in fine-tuning its drug-release properties. The resultant hydrogel exhibited remarkable pH sensitivity, selectively liberating the model drug (Capecitabine = CAP) under basic conditions while significantly reducing release in an acidic environment. Morphological, thermal, and structural analyses proved that CAP has a porous texture, high stability, and an amorphous nature. In vitro drug release experiments showcased a sustained and controlled release profile. Optimum release (85.33 %) results were recorded over 24 h at pH 7.4 in the case of MMB9. Pharmacokinetic evaluation in healthy male rabbits confirmed bioavailability enhancement and sustained release capabilities. Furthermore, rigorous toxicity evaluations and histopathological analyses ensured the safety and biocompatibility of the hydrogel. This pH-triggered drug delivery system can be a promising carrier system for drugs involving frequent administrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahira Yasmin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Asif Mahmood
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Pharmacy, University of Chakwal, Chakwal, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Abir Boublia
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Hauts Polymères (LPCHP), Département de Génie des Procédés, Faculté de Technologie, Université Ferhat ABBAS Sétif-1, Sétif 19000, Algeria
| | - Umaira Rehman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan; School of Pharmacy, Multan university of Science and Technology, Multan, Pakistan
| | | | - Javed Khan Bhutto
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Barbara Ernst
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Laboratoire de Reconnaissance et Procédés de Séparation Moléculaire (RePSeM), ECPM 25 rue Becquerel, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Malik Albrahim
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Ha'il, P.O. Box 2440, Ha'il 81441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noureddine Elboughdiri
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Ha'il, P.O. Box 2440, Ha'il 81441, Saudi Arabia; Chemical Engineering Process Department, National School of Engineers Gabes, University of Gabes, Street Omar ibn El-Khattab, 6029, Gabes, Tunisia.
| | - Krishna Kumar Yadav
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Madhyanchal Professional University, Ratibad, Bhopal 462044, India; Environmental and Atmospheric Sciences Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Nasiriyah 64001, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | | | - Hira Ijaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pak-Austria Fachhochschule Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Mang, Khanpur Road, Hari pur 22620, Pakistan
| | - Yacine Benguerba
- Laboratoire de Biopharmacie Et Pharmacotechnie (LBPT), Ferhat Abbas Setif 1 University, Setif, Algeria.
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Pouya FD, Salehi R, Rasmi Y, Kheradmand F, Fathi-Azarbayjani A. Combination chemotherapy against colorectal cancer cells: Co-delivery of capecitabine and pioglitazone hydrochloride by polycaprolactone-polyethylene glycol carriers. Life Sci 2023; 332:122083. [PMID: 37717622 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer causes numerous deaths despite many treatment options. Capecitabine (CAP) is the standard chemotherapy regimen for colorectal cancer, and pioglitazone hydrochloride (PGZ) for diabetic disease treatment. However, free drugs do not induce effective apoptosis. This work aims to co-encapsulate CAP and PGZ and evaluate cytotoxic and apoptotic effects on HCT-119, HT-29 colorectal cancer cells, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). METHOD CAP, PGZ, and combination treatment nano-formulations were prepared by triblock (TB) (PCL-PEG-PCL) biodegradable copolymers to enhance drugs' bioavailability as anti-cancer agents. The Ultrasonic homogenization method was used for preparing nanoparticles. The physicochemical characteristics of nanoparticles were studied using 1H NMR, FTIR, DLS, and FESEM techniques. The zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, drug release, and storage stability were studied. Also, cell viability and apoptosis were examined by using MTT, acridine orange (AO), and propidium iodide (PI), respectively. RESULT The smaller hydrodynamic size (236.1 nm), polydispersity index (0.159), and zeta potential (-20.8 mV) were observed in nanoparticles. Nanoparticles revealed a proper formulation and storage stability at 25 °C than 4 °C in 90 days. The synergistic effect was observed in (CAP-PGZ)-loaded TB nanoparticles in HUVEC, HCT-116, and HT-29 cells. In (AO/PI) staining, the high percentage of apoptotic cells in the (CAP-PGZ)-loaded TB nanoparticles in HUVEC, HCT-116, and HT-29 were calculated as 78 %, 71.66 %, and 69.31 %, respectively. CONCLUSION The (CAP-PGZ)-loaded TB nanoparticles in this research offer an effective strategy for targeted combinational colorectal cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahima Danesh Pouya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Roya Salehi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yousef Rasmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Kheradmand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Anahita Fathi-Azarbayjani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Aslam A, Umer Ashraf M, Barkat K, Mahmood A, Muhammad Sarfraz R, Malatani RT, Gad HA. Green synthesis of quince/pectin cross-linked superporous hydrogel sponges for pH-regulated sustained domperidone delivery. Int J Pharm 2023; 644:123305. [PMID: 37572857 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to utilize green synthesis to fabricate stimuli-responsive, smart, quince/pectin cross-linked hydrogel sponges for the pH-regulated conveyance of domperidone. The designed hydrogel sponges were evaluated for a sol-gel fraction (%), swelling studies and kinetics, drug loading (%), electrolyte-responsive character, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal analysis, drug-excipient compatibility studies (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, mechanical testing, in-vitro drug release studies, and acute oral toxicity studies. The drug loading (%) ranged from 67 to 85%. Hydrogel sponges displayed pH-responsive swelling potential, with optimum swelling in a phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) and insignificant swelling in an acidic buffer of pH 1.2. The prepared hydrogel sponges displayed second-order swelling dynamics. The FTIR data revealed the successful fabrication of the hydrogel sponges with the primary drug peaks remaining unchanged, demonstrating excipients-drug compatibility. SEM confirmed the rough, porous surface of hydrogel sponges with numerous cracks. XRD measurements revealed the transformation of the crystalline nature of domperidone into an amorphous one within the developed hydrogel sponges. Dissolution studies revealed little domperidone release in an acidic environment. However, hydrogel sponges exhibited release up to 10 h in phosphate buffer.The sponge's non-toxic or biocompatible character was confirmed through toxicological studies. Thus, the finding indicates that quince/pectin cross-linked hydrogel sponges are durable enough to deliver the domperidone to the gut for a longer time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysha Aslam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54600, Pakistan; Faculty of Pharmacy, Minhaj University, Lahore 54770, Pakistan.
| | | | - Kashif Barkat
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54600, Pakistan.
| | - Asif Mahmood
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chakwal, Chakwal 48800, Pakistan.
| | | | - Rania T Malatani
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba A Gad
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia.
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Malatani RT, Bilal S, Mahmood A, Sarfraz RM, Zafar N, Ijaz H, Rehman U, Akbar S, Alkhalidi HM, Gad HA. Development of Tofacitinib Loaded pH-Responsive Chitosan/Mucin Based Hydrogel Microparticles: In-Vitro Characterization and Toxicological Screening. Gels 2023; 9:gels9030187. [PMID: 36975636 PMCID: PMC10048094 DOI: 10.3390/gels9030187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tofacitinib is an antirheumatic drug characterized by a short half-life and poor permeability, which necessitates the development of sustained release formulation with enhanced permeability potential. To achieve this goal, the free radical polymerization technique was employed to develop mucin/chitosan copolymer methacrylic acid (MU-CHI-Co-Poly (MAA))-based hydrogel microparticles. The developed hydrogel microparticles were characterized for EDX, FTIR, DSC, TGA, X-ray diffraction, SEM, drug loading; equilibrium swelling (%), in vitro drug release, sol–gel (%) studies, size and zeta potential, permeation, anti-arthritic activities, and acute oral toxicity studies. FTIR studies revealed the incorporation of the ingredients into the polymeric network, while EDX studies depicted the successful loading of tofacitinib into the network. The thermal analysis confirmed the heat stability of the system. SEM analysis displayed the porous structure of the hydrogels. Gel fraction showed an increasing tendency (74–98%) upon increasing the concentrations of the formulation ingredients. Formulations coated with Eudragit (2% w/w) and sodium lauryl sulfate (1% w/v) showed increased permeability. The formulations equilibrium swelling (%) increased (78–93%) at pH 7.4. Maximum drug loading and release (%) of (55.62–80.52%) and (78.02–90.56%), respectively, were noticed at pH 7.4, where the developed microparticles followed zero-order kinetics with case II transport. Anti-inflammatory studies revealed a significant dose-dependent decrease in paw edema in the rats. Oral toxicity studies confirmed the biocompatibility and non-toxicity of the formulated network. Thus, the developed pH-responsive hydrogel microparticles seem to have the potential to enhance permeability and control the delivery of tofacitinib for the management of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania T. Malatani
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sana Bilal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Asif Mahmood
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chakwal, Chakwal 48800, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (H.A.G.)
| | | | - Nadiah Zafar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar, PuncakAlam 42300, Malaysia
| | - Hira Ijaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pak-Austria Fachhochschule: Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Mang, Khanpur Road, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
| | - Umaira Rehman
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Shehla Akbar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Hala M. Alkhalidi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba A. Gad
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (H.A.G.)
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Aslam A, Ashraf MU, Barkat K, Mahmood A, Hussain MA, Farid-ul-Haq M, Lashkar MO, Gad HA. Fabrication of Stimuli-Responsive Quince/Mucin Co-Poly (Methacrylate) Hydrogel Matrices for the Controlled Delivery of Acyclovir Sodium: Design, Characterization and Toxicity Evaluation. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:650. [PMID: 36839971 PMCID: PMC9961270 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Free-radical polymerization technique was adopted to fabricate a stimuli-responsive intelligent quince/mucin co-poly (methacrylate) hydrogel for the controlled delivery of acyclovir sodium. The developed hydrogel matrices were appraised using different parameters, such as drug loading (%), swelling kinetics, pH- and electrolyte-responsive swelling, and sol-gel fraction. Drug-excipient compatibility study, scanning electron microscopy, thermal analysis, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis, in vitro drug release studies, drug release kinetics and acute oral toxicity studies were conducted. The results of drug loading revealed an acyclovir sodium loading of 63-75% in different formulations. The hydrogel discs exhibited pH-responsive swelling behavior, showing maximum swelling in a phosphate buffer with a pH of 7.4, but negligible swelling was obvious in an acidic buffer with a pH of 1.2. The swelling kinetics of the developed hydrogel discs exhibited second-order kinetics. Moreover, the hydrogel discs responded to the concentration of electrolytes (CaCl2 and NaCl). The results of the FTIR confirm the formation of the hydrogel via free-radical polymerization. However, the major peaks of acyclovir remain intact, proving drug-excipient compatibility. The results of the SEM analysis reveal the porous, rough surface of the hydrogel discs with multiple cracks and pores over the surface. The results of the PXRD disclose the amorphous nature of the fabricated hydrogel. The dissolution studies showed a minor amount of acyclovir sodium released in an acidic environment, while an extended release up to 36 h in the phosphate buffer was observed. The drug release followed Hixen-Crowell's kinetics with Fickian diffusion mechanism. The toxicity studies demonstrated the non-toxic nature of the polymeric carrier system. Therefore, these results signify the quince/mucin co-poly (methacrylate) hydrogel as a smart material with the potential to deliver acyclovir into the intestine for an extended period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysha Aslam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | | | - Kashif Barkat
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Asif Mahmood
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chakwal, Chakwal 48800, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Manar O. Lashkar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba A. Gad
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
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Novel Black Seed Polysaccharide Extract-g-Poly (Acrylate) pH-Responsive Hydrogel Nanocomposites for Safe Oral Insulin Delivery: Development, In Vitro, In Vivo and Toxicological Evaluation. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010062. [PMID: 36678691 PMCID: PMC9864008 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral delivery of insulin has always been a challenging task due to harsh gut environment involving variable pH and peptidase actions. Currently, no Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved oral insulin formulation is commercially available, only intravenous (IV) or subcutaneous (SC) routes. Therefore, it is really cumbersome for diabetic patients to go through invasive approaches for insulin delivery on daily basis. In the present study, a novel pH-responsive hydrogel nanocomposite (NC) system was developed and optimized for safe oral delivery of insulin. Black seed polysaccharide extract-based hydrogel (BA hydrogel) was formulated by free radical polymerization and loaded with insulin. Blank BA hydrogel was also incorporated with insulin-loaded montmorillonite nanoclay (Ins-Mmt) to form an Ins-Mmt-BA hydrogel NC and compared with the insulin-loaded hydrogel. Swelling, sol-gel analysis and in vitro release studies proved that Ins-Mmt-BA6 hydrogel NC has the best formulation, with 96.17% maximum insulin released in 24 h. Kinetic modeling applied on insulin release data showed the Korsemeyer-Peppas model (R2 = 0.9637) as the best fit model with a super case II transport mechanism for insulin transport (n > 0.89). Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) Spectroscopy, Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Powdered X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis results also confirmed successful development of a hydrogel NC with no significant denaturation of insulin. Toxicity results confirmed the safety profile and biocompatibility of the developed NC. In vivo studies showed a maximum decrease in blood glucose levels of 52.61% and percentage relative bioavailability (% RBA) of 26.3% for an Ins-Mmt-BA hydrogel NC as compared to BA hydrogels and insulin administered through the SC route.
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Development and Optimization of Tamarind Gum-β-Cyclodextrin-g-Poly(Methacrylate) pH-Responsive Hydrogels for Sustained Delivery of Acyclovir. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121527. [PMID: 36558978 PMCID: PMC9785578 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acyclovir has a short half-life and offers poor bioavailability. Its daily dose is 200 mg five times a day. A tamarind gum and β-cyclodextrin-based pH-responsive hydrogel network for sustained delivery of acyclovir was developed using the free-radical polymerization technique. Developed networks were characterized by FTIR, DSC, TGA, PXRD, EDX, and SEM. The effect of varying feed ratios of polymers, monomers, and crosslinker on the gel fraction, swelling, and release was also investigated. FTIR findings confirmed the compatibility of the ingredients in a new complex polymer. The thermal stability of acyclovir was increased within the newly synthesized polymer. SEM photomicrographs confirmed the porous texture of hydrogels. The gel fraction was improved (from 90.12% to 98.12%) with increased reactant concentrations. The pH of the dissolution medium and the reactant contents affected swelling dynamics and acyclovir release from the developed carrier system. Based on the R2 value, the best-fit model was zero-order kinetics with non-Fickian diffusion as a release mechanism. The biocompatibility of the developed network was confirmed through hematology, LFT, RFT, lipid profile, and histopathological examinations. No sign of pathology, necrosis, or abrasion was observed. Thus, a pH-responsive and biocompatible polymeric system was developed for sustained delivery of acyclovir to reduce the dosing frequency and improve patient compliance.
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Facile synthesis of β-cyclodextrin-cyclophosphamide complex-loaded hydrogel for controlled release drug delivery. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04567-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Batool N, Sarfraz RM, Mahmood A, Zaman M, Zafar N, Salawi A, Almoshari Y, Alshamrani M. Orally Administered, Biodegradable and Biocompatible Hydroxypropyl–β–Cyclodextrin Grafted Poly (Methacrylic Acid) Hydrogel for pH Sensitive Sustained Anticancer Drug Delivery. Gels 2022; 8:gels8030190. [PMID: 35323303 PMCID: PMC8953841 DOI: 10.3390/gels8030190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current study, a pH sensitive intelligent hydroxypropyl–β–cyclodextrin-based polymeric network (HP-β-CD-g-MAA) was developed through a solution polymerization technique for site specific delivery of cytarabine in the colonic region. Prepared hydrogel formulations were characterized through cytarabine loading (%), ingredient’s compatibility, structural evaluation, thermal integrity, swelling pattern, release behavior and toxicological profiling in rabbits. Moreover, the pharmacokinetic profile of cytarabine was also determined in rabbits. New polymer formation was evident from FTIR findings. The percentage loaded into the hydrogels was in the range of 37.17–79.3%. Optimum swelling ratio of 44.56 was obtained at pH 7.4. Cytarabine release was persistent and in a controlled manner up to 24 h. In vitro degradation of hydrogels was more pronounced at intestinal pH as compared to acidic pH. Toxicity studies proved absence of any ocular, skin and oral toxicity, thus proving biocompatibility of the fabricated network. Hydrogels exhibited longer plasma half-life (8.75 h) and AUC (45.35 μg.h/mL) with respect to oral cytarabine solution. Thus, the developed hydrogel networks proved to be excellent and biocompatible cargo for prolonged and site-specific delivery of cytarabine in the management of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nighat Batool
- Faculty of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan;
| | - Rai Muhammad Sarfraz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan;
- Correspondence: (R.M.S.); (A.M.); Tel.: +92-3338976189 (R.M.S.); +92-3451052514 (A.M.)
| | - Asif Mahmood
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
- Correspondence: (R.M.S.); (A.M.); Tel.: +92-3338976189 (R.M.S.); +92-3451052514 (A.M.)
| | - Muhammad Zaman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Nadiah Zafar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Ahmad Salawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (Y.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Yosif Almoshari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (Y.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Meshal Alshamrani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (Y.A.); (M.A.)
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