1
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Xiang W, Guo Z, Zhang Y, Xu Y. The Role of Tenascin-C in Hypertrophic Scar Formation: Insights from Cell and Animal Experiments. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2024; 17:1637-1648. [PMID: 39045340 PMCID: PMC11264284 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s461760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Background Hypertrophic scars (HS) are dermal diseases characterized by excessive fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition following burns or trauma. While Tenascin-C (TNC)'s role in promoting visceral fibrosis has been established, its impact on skin tissue fibrosis remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the effects of TNC on HS. Methods RNA sequence and IHC techniques were used to examine the upregulation of TNC gene in human hypertrophic scar tissue compared to normal tissues. Knockdown of TNC in Human skin fibroblasts (HFF-1) cells was achieved, and expression of Col1 and Col3 was evaluated using qPCR. Sirius red collagen staining assessed impact on total collagen content and ECM deposition. Effects on cell proliferation and migration were investigated through cck-8 and cell scratch experiments. Lentivirus infection was used to knock out TNC, and resulting samples were injected into ear wound of rabbits. Effects of TNC knockout on ear scar formation were measured using digital morphology, ultrasound, SEI, H&E, and Masson trichrome methods. Results Cell experiments: downregulation of TNC decreased Col1 and Col3 expression, leading to reduced collagen production and extracellular matrix deposition. It did not affect HFF-1 cell proliferation and migration. Animal experiments: TNC knockdown promoted wound healing and reduced collagen deposition in rabbit ears. Conclusion This study suggests that knocking down TNC inhibits collagen formation and extracellular matrix deposition, thereby inhibiting hypertrophic scar formation. Therefore, TNC can be considered a potential biomarker for HS formation and may offer promising treatment strategies for clinical management of hypertrophic scars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiang
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Guo
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanzhi Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Ozanne J, Lewis M, Schwenzer A, Kurian D, Brady J, Pritchard D, McLachlan G, Farquharson C, Midwood KS. Extracellular matrix complexity in biomarker studies: a novel assay detecting total serum tenascin-C reveals different distribution to isoform-specific assays. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1275361. [PMID: 38077374 PMCID: PMC10703424 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1275361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum biomarkers are the gold standard in non-invasive disease diagnosis and have tremendous potential as prognostic and theranostic tools for patient stratification. Circulating levels of extracellular matrix molecules are gaining traction as an easily accessible means to assess tissue pathology. However, matrix molecules are large, multimodular proteins that are subject to a vast array of post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications. These modifications often occur in a tissue- and/or disease-specific manner, generating hundreds of different variants, each with distinct biological roles. Whilst this complexity can offer unique insight into disease processes, it also has the potential to confound biomarker studies. Tenascin-C is a pro-inflammatory matrix protein expressed at low levels in most healthy tissues but elevated in, and associated with the pathogenesis of, a wide range of autoimmune diseases, fibrosis, and cancer. Analysis of circulating tenascin-C has been widely explored as a disease biomarker. Hundreds of different tenascin-C isoforms can be generated by alternative splicing, and this protein is also modified by glycosylation and citrullination. Current enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) are used to measure serum tenascin-C using antibodies, recognising sites within domains that are alternatively spliced. These studies, therefore, report only levels of specific isoforms that contain these domains, and studies on the detection of total tenascin-C are lacking. As such, circulating tenascin-C levels may be underestimated and/or biologically relevant isoforms overlooked. We developed a highly specific and sensitive ELISA measuring total tenascin-C down to 0.78ng/ml, using antibodies that recognise sites in constitutively expressed domains. In cohorts of people with different inflammatory and musculoskeletal diseases, levels of splice-specific tenascin-C variants were lower than and distributed differently from total tenascin-C. Neither total nor splice-specific tenascin-C levels correlated with the presence of autoantibodies to citrullinated tenascin-C in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Elevated tenascin-C was not restricted to any one disease and levels were heterogeneous amongst patients with the same disease. These data confirm that its upregulation is not disease-specific, instead suggest that different molecular endotypes or disease stages exist in which pathology is associated with, or independent of, tenascin-C. This immunoassay provides a novel tool for the detection of total tenascin-C that is critical for further biomarker studies. Differences between the distribution of tenascin-C variants and total tenascin-C have implications for the interpretation of studies using isoform-targeted assays. These data highlight the importance of assay design for the detection of multimodular matrix molecules and reveal that there is still much to learn about the intriguingly complex biological roles of distinct matrix proteoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Ozanne
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mel Lewis
- R&D Department Axis-Shield Diagnostics, Axis-Shield Diagnostics Ltd, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Anja Schwenzer
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic Kurian
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jeff Brady
- R&D Department Axis-Shield Diagnostics, Axis-Shield Diagnostics Ltd, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - David Pritchard
- R&D Department Axis-Shield Diagnostics, Axis-Shield Diagnostics Ltd, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Gerry McLachlan
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Farquharson
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kim S. Midwood
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
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3
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Palermo A, Li S, Ten Hoeve J, Chellappa A, Morris A, Dillon B, Ma F, Wang Y, Cao E, Shabane B, Acín-Perez R, Petcherski A, Lusis AJ, Hazen S, Shirihai OS, Pellegrini M, Arumugaswami V, Graeber TG, Deb A. A ketogenic diet can mitigate SARS-CoV-2 induced systemic reprogramming and inflammation. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1115. [PMID: 37923961 PMCID: PMC10624922 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05478-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The ketogenic diet (KD) has demonstrated benefits in numerous clinical studies and animal models of disease in modulating the immune response and promoting a systemic anti-inflammatory state. Here we investigate the effects of a KD on systemic toxicity in mice following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our data indicate that under KD, SARS-CoV-2 reduces weight loss with overall improved animal survival. Muted multi-organ transcriptional reprogramming and metabolism rewiring suggest that a KD initiates and mitigates systemic changes induced by the virus. We observed reduced metalloproteases and increased inflammatory homeostatic protein transcription in the heart, with decreased serum pro-inflammatory cytokines (i.e., TNF-α, IL-15, IL-22, G-CSF, M-CSF, MCP-1), metabolic markers of inflammation (i.e., kynurenine/tryptophane ratio), and inflammatory prostaglandins, indicative of reduced systemic inflammation in animals infected under a KD. Taken together, these data suggest that a KD can alter the transcriptional and metabolic response in animals following SARS-CoV-2 infection with improved mice health, reduced inflammation, and restored amino acid, nucleotide, lipid, and energy currency metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Palermo
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California Nanosystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- UCLA Metabolomics Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Shen Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- UCLA Cardiovascular Research Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Life Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Johanna Ten Hoeve
- California Nanosystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- UCLA Metabolomics Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Akshay Chellappa
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Alexandra Morris
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Barbara Dillon
- Department of Environment, Health and Safety, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Feiyang Ma
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Yijie Wang
- UCLA Cardiovascular Research Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Life Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Edward Cao
- UCLA Cardiovascular Research Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Life Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Byourak Shabane
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Rebeca Acín-Perez
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Anton Petcherski
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - A Jake Lusis
- California Nanosystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- UCLA Cardiovascular Research Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Stanley Hazen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Orian S Shirihai
- California Nanosystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Life Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Vaithilingaraja Arumugaswami
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Thomas G Graeber
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- California Nanosystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- UCLA Metabolomics Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Arjun Deb
- California Nanosystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- UCLA Cardiovascular Research Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Life Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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4
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Lasica R, Djukanovic L, Savic L, Krljanac G, Zdravkovic M, Ristic M, Lasica A, Asanin M, Ristic A. Update on Myocarditis: From Etiology and Clinical Picture to Modern Diagnostics and Methods of Treatment. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3073. [PMID: 37835816 PMCID: PMC10572782 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13193073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the frequency of myocarditis in the general population is very difficult to accurately determine due to the large number of asymptomatic cases, the incidence of this disease is increasing significantly due to better defined criteria for diagnosis and the development of modern diagnostic methods. The multitude of different etiological factors, the diversity of the clinical picture, and the variability of the diagnostic findings make this disease often demanding both for the selection of the diagnostic modality and for the proper therapeutic approach. The previously known most common viral etiology of this disease is today overshadowed by new findings based on immune-mediated processes, associated with diseases that in their natural course can lead to myocardial involvement, as well as the iatrogenic cause of myocarditis, which is due to use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of cancer patients. Suspecting that a patient with polymorphic and non-specific clinical signs and symptoms, such as changes in ECG and echocardiography readings, has myocarditis is the starting point in the diagnostic algorithm. Cardio magnetic resonance imaging is non-invasive and is the gold standard for diagnosis and clinical follow-up of these patients. Endomyocardial biopsy as an invasive method is the diagnostic choice in life-threatening cases with suspicion of fulminant myocarditis where the diagnosis has not yet established or there is no adequate response to the applied therapeutic regimen. The treatment of myocarditis is increasingly demanding and includes conservative methods of treating heart failure, immunomodulatory and immunospressive therapy, methods of mechanical circulatory support, and heart transplantation. The goal of developing new diagnostic and therapeutic methods is to reduce mortality from this complex disease, which is still high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratko Lasica
- Department of Cardiology, Emergency Center, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (L.D.); (L.S.); (G.K.); (M.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Lazar Djukanovic
- Department of Cardiology, Emergency Center, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (L.D.); (L.S.); (G.K.); (M.A.)
| | - Lidija Savic
- Department of Cardiology, Emergency Center, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (L.D.); (L.S.); (G.K.); (M.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Gordana Krljanac
- Department of Cardiology, Emergency Center, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (L.D.); (L.S.); (G.K.); (M.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Marija Zdravkovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Bezanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko Ristic
- Department of Cardiology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | | | - Milika Asanin
- Department of Cardiology, Emergency Center, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (L.D.); (L.S.); (G.K.); (M.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Arsen Ristic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
- Department of Cardiology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
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5
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Gholipour A, Shakerian F, Zahedmehr A, Oveisee M, Maleki M, Mowla SJ, Malakootian M. Tenascin-C as a noninvasive biomarker of coronary artery disease. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:9267-9273. [PMID: 35941419 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07760-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery disease (CAD), is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Tenascin-C (TNC) with high expression levels in inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases, leads to the rupture of atherosclerotic plaques. The origin of plaque destabilization can be associated to endothelial dysfunction. Given the high prevalence of CAD, finding valuable biomarkers for its early detection is of great interest. Using serum samples from patients with CAD and individuals without CAD, we assessed the efficacy of TNC expression levels in serum exosomes and during endothelial cell differentiation as a noninvasive biomarker of CAD. METHODS TNC expression was analyzed using the RNA-sequencing data sets of 6 CAD and 6 normal samples of blood exosomes and endothelial differentiation transitions. Additionally, TNC expression was investigated in the serum samples of patients with CAD and individuals without CAD via qRT-PCR. ROC curve analysis was employed to test the suitability of TNC expression alterations as a CAD biomarker. RESULTS TNC exhibited higher expression in the exosomes of the CAD samples than in those of the non-CAD samples. During endothelial differentiation, TNC expression was upregulated and then consistently downregulated in mature endothelial cells. Moreover, TNC was significantly upregulated in the serum of the CAD group (P = 0.02), with an AUC of 0.744 for the expression level (95% confidence interval, 0.582 to 0.907; P = 0.011). Hence its expression level can be discriminated CAD from non-CAD samples. DISCUSSION Our study is the first to confirm that altered TNC expression is associated with pathological CAD conditions in Iranian patients. The expression of TNC is involved in endothelial differentiation and CAD development. Accordingly, TNC can serve as a valuable noninvasive biomarker with potential application in CAD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Gholipour
- Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Shakerian
- Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cardiovascular Intervention Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Zahedmehr
- Cardiovascular Intervention Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maziar Oveisee
- Orthopedic Department, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Kerman, Iran.,Clinical Research Center, Pastor Educational Hospital, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Kerman, Iran
| | - Majid Maleki
- Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Javad Mowla
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahshid Malakootian
- Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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6
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Nishikawa T, Kunimasa K, Ohta-Ogo K, Ikeda Y, Yasui T, Shioyama W, Oka T, Honma K, Hatakeyama K, Kumagai T, Fujita M. Sinus Node Dysfunction Co-occurring with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-associated Myocarditis. Intern Med 2022; 61:2161-2165. [PMID: 35283377 PMCID: PMC9381348 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.8575-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-induced myocarditis is a potentially life-threatening adverse event. We herein report a rare case of sick sinus syndrome (SSS) co-occurring with ICI-associated myocarditis. A 71-year-old woman with lung cancer undergoing pembrolizumab monotherapy was admitted owing to a fever, worsening kidney function, and sinus bradycardia. She was diagnosed with multi-organ immune-related adverse events, including myocarditis. Pulse steroid therapy was initiated immediately under the support of a temporary pacemaker, which resulted in the resolution of SSS in a few days. Biopsy specimens of the endomyocardium showed active myocarditis. Thus, we should be aware that SSS can co-occur with ICI-induced myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Nishikawa
- Department of Onco-Cardiology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Japan
| | - Kei Kunimasa
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Japan
| | - Keiko Ohta-Ogo
- Department of Pathology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Ikeda
- Department of Pathology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Japan
| | - Taku Yasui
- Department of Onco-Cardiology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Japan
| | - Wataru Shioyama
- Department of Onco-Cardiology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Japan
| | - Toru Oka
- Department of Onco-Cardiology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Honma
- Department of Pathology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Japan
| | - Kinta Hatakeyama
- Department of Pathology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Japan
| | - Toru Kumagai
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Japan
| | - Masashi Fujita
- Department of Onco-Cardiology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Japan
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7
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Cardiovascular changes after pneumonia in a dual disease mouse model. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11124. [PMID: 35778475 PMCID: PMC9249762 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15507-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Residual inflammation in cardiovascular organs is thought to be one of the catalysts for the increased risk of cardiovascular complications seen following pneumonia. To test this hypothesis, we investigated changes in plaque characteristics and inflammatory features in ApoE−/− mouse aorta and heart following pneumonia. Male ApoE−/− mice were fed a high fat diet for 8 weeks before intranasal inoculation with either Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 4 (test group) or phosphate buffered saline (control group). Mice were sacrificed at 2-, 7- and 28-days post-challenge. Changes in plaque burden and characteristics in aortic root and thoracic aorta were characterized by Oil red O and Trichrome stains. Inflammatory changes were investigated by FDG-PET imaging and immunofluorescence staining. We found TIGR4-infected mice present with increased plaque presence in the aortic root and thoracic aorta at 2- and 28-days post-inoculation, respectively. Aortic wall remodelling was also more pronounced in mice challenged with pneumococci at 28 days post-inoculation. Aortic root plaques of infected mice had reduced collagen and smooth muscle cells, consistent with an unstable plaque phenotype. Pneumonia alters plaque burden, plaque characteristics, and aortic wall remodelling in ApoE−/− mice. These effects caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae TIGR4, may contribute to the increased risk of cardiovascular complications seen in survivors of this infection.
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8
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Indumathi A, Senthilkumar GP, Jayashree K, Ramesh Babu K. Assessment of circulating fibrotic proteins (periostin and tenascin -C) In Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with and without retinopathy. Endocrine 2022; 76:570-577. [PMID: 35274283 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03027-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of vision impairment. Surging diabetic population and poor visual care raises the need for better diagnostic tools. Hence, it is worthwhile to look for biomarkers associated with the disease pathogenesis. Periostin and tenascin-C are matricellular proteins mediating fibrillogenesis in retinopathy. Their serum levels and association with the presence and severity of retinopathy in diabetics is of importance to be explored. METHODS The study involved two groups of type 2 diabetes patients, 38 controls without retinopathy and 38 cases with retinopathy. We obtained serum sample and performed biochemical autoanalysis for routine parameters. Special parameters periostin, tenascin-C, and C-peptide were estimated by ELISA. RESULTS Periostin and tenascin-C were significantly elevated in the retinopathy group. Periostin progressively increased among subgroups. C-peptide decreased significantly in retinopathy group and had a negative correlation with duration of DM, duration of retinopathy, HbA1c and tenascin-C. We observed a positive correlation for periostin and tenascin-C with duration of diabetes. The AUC for C-peptide was the highest (0.750) amongst our parameters. HOMA 2 (%B) index was significantly lower in retinopathy group. CONCLUSIONS Serum Levels of PO and TnC increased in retinopathy. As the disease advances, periostin level increases, indicating continuing fibrosis and fibrovascular membrane formation. Periostin and tenascin-C increase with duration of retinopathy whereas levels of C-peptide decrease. C-peptide has a better differentiating potential for DR from DM. Reduced insulin production as indicated by declined HOMA 2-%BETA in retinopathy favors hyperglycemia and chronic inflammatory state for the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Indumathi
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | | | - Kuppuswamy Jayashree
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - K Ramesh Babu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
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9
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Trinh K, Julovi SM, Rogers NM. The Role of Matrix Proteins in Cardiac Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031338. [PMID: 35163259 PMCID: PMC8836004 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) and ECM-regulatory proteins mediate structural and cell-cell interactions that are crucial for embryonic cardiac development and postnatal homeostasis, as well as organ remodeling and repair in response to injury. These proteins possess a broad functionality that is regulated by multiple structural domains and dependent on their ability to interact with extracellular substrates and/or cell surface receptors. Several different cell types (cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial and inflammatory cells) within the myocardium elaborate ECM proteins, and their role in cardiovascular (patho)physiology has been increasingly recognized. This has stimulated robust research dissecting the ECM protein function in human health and disease and replicating the genetic proof-of-principle. This review summarizes recent developments regarding the contribution of ECM to cardiovascular disease. The clear importance of this heterogeneous group of proteins in attenuating maladaptive repair responses provides an impetus for further investigation into these proteins as potential pharmacological targets in cardiac diseases and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Trinh
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; (K.T.); (S.M.J.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sohel M. Julovi
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; (K.T.); (S.M.J.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Natasha M. Rogers
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; (K.T.); (S.M.J.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Renal and Transplantation Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Correspondence:
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10
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Imanaka-Yoshida K. Tenascin-C in Heart Diseases-The Role of Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115828. [PMID: 34072423 PMCID: PMC8198581 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tenascin-C (TNC) is a large extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoprotein and an original member of the matricellular protein family. TNC is transiently expressed in the heart during embryonic development, but is rarely detected in normal adults; however, its expression is strongly up-regulated with inflammation. Although neither TNC-knockout nor -overexpressing mice show a distinct phenotype, disease models using genetically engineered mice combined with in vitro experiments have revealed multiple significant roles for TNC in responses to injury and myocardial repair, particularly in the regulation of inflammation. In most cases, TNC appears to deteriorate adverse ventricular remodeling by aggravating inflammation/fibrosis. Furthermore, accumulating clinical evidence has shown that high TNC levels predict adverse ventricular remodeling and a poor prognosis in patients with various heart diseases. Since the importance of inflammation has attracted attention in the pathophysiology of heart diseases, this review will focus on the roles of TNC in various types of inflammatory reactions, such as myocardial infarction, hypertensive fibrosis, myocarditis caused by viral infection or autoimmunity, and dilated cardiomyopathy. The utility of TNC as a biomarker for the stratification of myocardial disease conditions and the selection of appropriate therapies will also be discussed from a clinical viewpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Imanaka-Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan;
- Mie University Research Center for Matrix Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
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11
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Yonebayashi S, Tajiri K, Hara M, Saito H, Suzuki N, Sakai S, Kimura T, Sato A, Sekimoto A, Fujita S, Okamoto R, Schwartz RJ, Yoshida T, Imanaka-Yoshida K. Generation of Transgenic Mice that Conditionally Overexpress Tenascin-C. Front Immunol 2021; 12:620541. [PMID: 33763067 PMCID: PMC7982461 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.620541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tenascin-C (TNC) is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein that is expressed during embryogenesis. It is not expressed in normal adults, but is up-regulated under pathological conditions. Although TNC knockout mice do not show a distinct phenotype, analyses of disease models using TNC knockout mice combined with in vitro experiments revealed the diverse functions of TNC. Since high TNC levels often predict a poor prognosis in various clinical settings, we developed a transgenic mouse that overexpresses TNC through Cre recombinase-mediated activation. Genomic walking showed that the transgene was integrated into and truncated the Atp8a2 gene. While homozygous transgenic mice showed a severe neurological phenotype, heterozygous mice were viable, fertile, and did not exhibit any distinct abnormalities. Breeding hemizygous mice with Nkx2.5 promoter-Cre or α-myosin heavy chain promoter Cre mice induced the heart-specific overexpression of TNC in embryos and adults. TNC-overexpressing mouse hearts did not have distinct histological or functional abnormalities. However, the expression of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines was significantly up-regulated and mortality rates during the acute stage after myocardial infarction were significantly higher than those of the controls. Our novel transgenic mouse may be applied to investigations on the role of TNC overexpression in vivo in various tissue/organ pathologies using different Cre donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Yonebayashi
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kazuko Tajiri
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Mari Hara
- Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan.,Research Center for Matrix Biology, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Saito
- Department of Animal Genomics, Functional Genomics Institute, Mie University Life Science Research Center, Tsu, Japan
| | - Noboru Suzuki
- Department of Animal Genomics, Functional Genomics Institute, Mie University Life Science Research Center, Tsu, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sakai
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Taizo Kimura
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Akira Sato
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Akiyo Sekimoto
- Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujita
- Department of Cardiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Ryuji Okamoto
- Department of Cardiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Robert J Schwartz
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Toshimichi Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan.,Research Center for Matrix Biology, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Kyoko Imanaka-Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan.,Research Center for Matrix Biology, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
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12
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Singal AK, Devagourou V, Hote MP, Choudhary SK, Parakh N, Ray R, Lakshmy R, Karthikeyan G. Detecting sub-clinical disease activity in patients with chronic rheumatic valvular heart disease. Indian Heart J 2021; 73:313-318. [PMID: 34154748 PMCID: PMC8322815 DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2021.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Valve disease progression in rheumatic heart disease(RHD) is generally attributed to recurrent attacks of acute rheumatic fever(ARF). However, persistence of chronic sub-clinical inflammation remains a plausible but unproven cause. Non-invasive means to identify sub-clinical inflammation may facilitate research efforts towards understanding its contribution to disease progression. METHODS Patients with chronic RHD, without clinical evidence of ARF, undergoing elective valve surgery were enrolled. Sub-clinical inflammation was ascertained by histological evaluation of left atrial appendage and valve tissue excised during surgery. We assessed the diagnostic utility of Gallium-67 scintigraphy imaging, and inflammatory biomarkers, hsCRP, IL-2, IL-6, Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha(TNF-α), Interferon-gamma(IFN-γ), and Serum Amyloid A(SAA), in identifying patients with sub-clinical inflammation. RESULTS Of the 93 RHD patients enrolled(mean age 34 ± 11 years, 45% females), 86 were included in final analysis. Sub-clinical inflammation was present in 27 patients(31.4%). Patients with dominant regurgitant lesions were more likely to have sub-clinical inflammation compared to those with stenotic lesions, though this association was not statistically significant(dominant regurgitant lesions vs isolated mitral stenosis: OR 3.5, 95%CI 0.68-17.96, p = 0.133). Inflammatory biomarkers were elevated in the majority of patients: hsCRP, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in 44%, 89%, 90%, 79%, and 81% patients, respectively. However, there was no significant association between biomarker elevation and histologically ascertained sub-clinical inflammation. Ga-67 imaging was unable to identify inflammation in the 15 patients in whom it was performed. CONCLUSION Sub-clinical inflammation is common in RHD patients. Conventional inflammatory markers are elevated in the majority, but aren't discriminatory enough to identify the presence of histologic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aayush Kumar Singal
- Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Velayoudam Devagourou
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Milind Padmakar Hote
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Shiv Kumar Choudhary
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Neeraj Parakh
- Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Ruma Ray
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Ramakrishnan Lakshmy
- Department of Cardiac Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Ganesan Karthikeyan
- Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India.
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13
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Tajiri K, Yonebayashi S, Li S, Ieda M. Immunomodulatory Role of Tenascin-C in Myocarditis and Inflammatory Cardiomyopathy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:624703. [PMID: 33692798 PMCID: PMC7938317 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.624703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that the breakdown of immune tolerance plays an important role in the development of myocarditis triggered by cardiotropic microbial infections. Genetic deletion of immune checkpoint molecules that are crucial for maintaining self-tolerance causes spontaneous myocarditis in mice, and cancer treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors can induce myocarditis in humans. These results suggest that the loss of immune tolerance results in myocarditis. The tissue microenvironment influences the local immune dysregulation in autoimmunity. Recently, tenascin-C (TN-C) has been found to play a role as a local regulator of inflammation through various molecular mechanisms. TN-C is a nonstructural extracellular matrix glycoprotein expressed in the heart during early embryonic development, as well as during tissue injury or active tissue remodeling, in a spatiotemporally restricted manner. In a mouse model of autoimmune myocarditis, TN-C was detectable before inflammatory cell infiltration and myocytolysis became histologically evident; it was strongly expressed during active inflammation and disappeared with healing. TN-C activates dendritic cells to generate pathogenic autoreactive T cells and forms an important link between innate and acquired immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuko Tajiri
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Saori Yonebayashi
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Siqi Li
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masaki Ieda
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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14
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Okada T, Suzuki H. The Role of Tenascin-C in Tissue Injury and Repair After Stroke. Front Immunol 2021; 11:607587. [PMID: 33552066 PMCID: PMC7859104 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.607587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is still one of the most common causes for mortality and morbidity worldwide. Following acute stroke onset, biochemical and cellular changes induce further brain injury such as neuroinflammation, cell death, and blood-brain barrier disruption. Matricellular proteins are non-structural proteins induced by many stimuli and tissue damage including stroke induction, while its levels are generally low in a normal physiological condition in adult tissues. Currently, a matricellular protein tenascin-C (TNC) is considered to be an important inducer to promote neuroinflammatory cascades and the resultant pathology in stroke. TNC is upregulated in cerebral arteries and brain tissues including astrocytes, neurons, and brain capillary endothelial cells following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). TNC may be involved in blood-brain barrier disruption, neuronal apoptosis, and cerebral vasospasm via the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and nuclear factor-kappa B following SAH. In addition, post-SAH TNC levels in cerebrospinal fluid predicted the development of delayed cerebral ischemia and angiographic vasospasm in clinical settings. On the other hand, TNC is reported to promote fibrosis and exert repair effects for an experimental aneurysm via macrophages-induced migration and proliferation of smooth muscle cells. The authors review TNC-induced inflammatory signal cascades and the relationships with other matricellular proteins in stroke-related pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Okada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Kuwana City Medical Center, Kuwana, Japan
| | - Hidenori Suzuki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
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15
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Tajiri K, Imanaka-Yoshida K, Tsujimura Y, Matsuo K, Hiroe M, Aonuma K, Ieda M, Yasutomi Y. A New Mouse Model of Chronic Myocarditis Induced by Recombinant Bacille Calmette-Guèrin Expressing a T-Cell Epitope of Cardiac Myosin Heavy Chain-α. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E794. [PMID: 33466825 PMCID: PMC7829923 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a potentially lethal disorder characterized by progressive impairment of cardiac function. Chronic myocarditis has long been hypothesized to be one of the causes of DCM. However, owing to the lack of suitable animal models of chronic myocarditis, its pathophysiology remains unclear. Here, we report a novel mouse model of chronic myocarditis induced by recombinant bacille Calmette-Guérin (rBCG) expressing a CD4+ T-cell epitope of cardiac myosin heavy chain-α (rBCG-MyHCα). Mice immunized with rBCG-MyHCα developed chronic myocarditis, and echocardiography revealed dilation and impaired contraction of ventricles, similar to those observed in human DCM. In the heart, CD62L-CD4+ T cells were increased and produced significant amounts of IFN-γ and IL-17 in response to cardiac myosin. Adoptive transfer of CD62L-CD4+ T cells induced myocarditis in the recipient mice, which indicated that CD62L-CD4+ T cells were the effector cells in this model. rBCG-MyHCα-infected dendritic cells produced proinflammatory cytokines and induced MyHCα-specific T-cell proliferation and Th1 and Th17 polarization. This novel chronic myocarditis mouse model may allow the identification of the central pathophysiological and immunological processes involved in the progression to DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuko Tajiri
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tsukuba 305-0843, Japan;
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; (K.A.); (M.I.)
| | - Kyoko Imanaka-Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan;
- Mie University Matrix Biology Research Center, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tsujimura
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tsukuba 305-0843, Japan;
- Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Higashimurayama 189-0002, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Matsuo
- Department of Research and Development, Japan BCG Laboratory, Kiyose 204-0022, Japan;
| | - Michiaki Hiroe
- Department of Cardiology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan;
| | - Kazutaka Aonuma
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; (K.A.); (M.I.)
| | - Masaki Ieda
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; (K.A.); (M.I.)
| | - Yasuhiro Yasutomi
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tsukuba 305-0843, Japan;
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16
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Uno AT, Hitosugi M, Nakamura M, Nakanishi T, Mima T, Higuchi Y. Complement C9 expression is associated with damaged myocardial cells in pediatric sudden death cases of fulminant myocarditis. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s41935-020-00211-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Because disease progression is so fast in sudden death of acute fulminant myocarditis, damage of myocardial cells is not evident in routine hematoxylin and eosin staining. To understand damage to myocardial cells and the mechanism of sudden death, immunohistochemical staining was performed for two forensic autopsy cases.
Case presentation
The patients were a healthy 5-year-old girl and 8-year-old boy. They suddenly died within 2 days of appearance of flu-like symptoms. An autopsy showed accumulation of yellowish-clear pericardial fluid containing fibrin deposits, fluid blood in the heart, and congestion of visceral organs. Histologically, minor necrosis or degeneration of myocardial cells with mainly lymphocytic infiltration was observed sometimes in tissue sections. Immunohistochemically, positive complement C9 staining and negative sirtuin 1 staining were found. These findings suggested wide damage of myocardial cells, even in regions with no marked changes in myocardial cells with hematoxylin and eosin staining. These areas corresponded to those with strong accumulation of lymphocytes.
Conclusions
Immunohistochemistry for complement C9 and sirtuin 1 might become a new tool for evaluating damage of myocardial cells of fulminant acute myocarditis.
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17
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Hanmin C, Xiangyue Z, Lenahan C, Ling W, Yibo O, Yue H. Pleiotropic Role of Tenascin-C in Central Nervous System Diseases: From Basic to Clinical Applications. Front Neurol 2020; 11:576230. [PMID: 33281711 PMCID: PMC7691598 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.576230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix is composed of a variety of macromolecular substances secreted by cells, which form a complex network that supports and connects tissue structures, regulates the morphogenesis of tissues, and maintains the physiological activities of cells. Tenascin-C, a secreted extracellular matrix glycoprotein, is abundantly expressed after exposure to pathological stimuli. It plays an important regulatory role in brain tumors, vascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases by mediating inflammatory responses, inducing brain damage, and promoting cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis through multiple signaling pathways. Therefore, tenascin-C may become a potential therapeutic target for intracranial diseases. Here, we review and discuss the latest literature regarding tenascin-C, and we comprehensively explain the role and clinical significance of tenascin-C in intracranial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Hanmin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhou Xiangyue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cameron Lenahan
- Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | - Wang Ling
- Department of Operating Room, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ou Yibo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - He Yue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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18
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Imanaka-Yoshida K, Tawara I, Yoshida T. Tenascin-C in cardiac disease: a sophisticated controller of inflammation, repair, and fibrosis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 319:C781-C796. [PMID: 32845719 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00353.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tenascin-C (TNC) is a large extracellular matrix glycoprotein classified as a matricellular protein that is generally upregulated at high levels during physiological and pathological tissue remodeling and is involved in important biological signaling pathways. In the heart, TNC is transiently expressed at several important steps during embryonic development and is sparsely detected in normal adult heart but is re-expressed in a spatiotemporally restricted manner under pathological conditions associated with inflammation, such as myocardial infarction, hypertensive cardiac fibrosis, myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, and Kawasaki disease. Despite its characteristic and spatiotemporally restricted expression, TNC knockout mice develop a grossly normal phenotype. However, various disease models using TNC null mice combined with in vitro experiments have revealed many important functions for TNC and multiple molecular cascades that control cellular responses in inflammation, tissue repair, and even myocardial regeneration. TNC has context-dependent diverse functions and, thus, may exert both harmful and beneficial effects in damaged hearts. However, TNC appears to deteriorate adverse ventricular remodeling by proinflammatory and profibrotic effects in most cases. Its specific expression also makes TNC a feasible diagnostic biomarker and target for molecular imaging to assess inflammation in the heart. Several preclinical studies have shown the utility of TNC as a biomarker for assessing the prognosis of patients and selecting appropriate therapy, particularly for inflammatory heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Imanaka-Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.,Mie University Research Center for Matrix Biology, Tsu, Japan
| | - Isao Tawara
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.,Mie University Research Center for Matrix Biology, Tsu, Japan
| | - Toshimichi Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.,Mie University Research Center for Matrix Biology, Tsu, Japan
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19
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Kimura T, Tajiri K, Sato A, Sakai S, Wang Z, Yoshida T, Uede T, Hiroe M, Aonuma K, Ieda M, Imanaka-Yoshida K. Tenascin-C accelerates adverse ventricular remodelling after myocardial infarction by modulating macrophage polarization. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 115:614-624. [PMID: 30295707 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Tenascin-C (TN-C) is an extracellular matrix protein undetected in the normal adult heart, but expressed in several heart diseases associated with inflammation. We previously reported that serum TN-C levels of myocardial infarction (MI) patients were elevated during the acute stage, and that patients with high peak TN-C levels were at high risk of left ventricular (LV) remodelling and poor outcome, suggesting that TN-C could play a significant role in the progression of ventricular remodelling. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms associated with this process remain unknown. We aimed to elucidate the role and underlying mechanisms associated with TN-C in adverse remodelling after MI. METHODS AND RESULTS MI was induced by permanent ligation of the coronary artery of TN-C knockout (TN-C-KO) and wild type (WT) mice. In WT mice, TN-C was expressed at the borders between intact and necrotic areas, with a peak at 3 days post-MI and observed in the immediate vicinity of infiltrating macrophages. TN-C-KO mice were protected from ventricular adverse remodelling as evidenced by a higher LV ejection fraction as compared with WT mice (19.0 ± 6.3% vs. 10.6 ± 4.4%; P < 0.001) at 3 months post-MI. During the acute phase, flow-cytometric analyses showed a decrease in F4/80+CD206lowCD45+ M1 macrophages and an increase in F4/80+CD206highCD45+ M2 macrophages in the TN-C-KO heart. To clarify the role of TN-C on macrophage polarization, we examined the direct effect of TN-C on bone marrow-derived macrophages in culture, observing that TN-C promoted macrophage shifting into an M1 phenotype via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Under M2-skewing conditions, TN-C suppressed the expression of interferon regulatory factor 4, a key transcription factor that controls M2-macrophage polarization, via TLR4, thereby inhibiting M2 polarization. CONCLUSION These results suggested that TN-C accelerates LV remodelling after MI, at least in part, by modulating M1/M2-macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taizo Kimura
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuko Tajiri
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akira Sato
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sakai
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Toshimichi Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.,Mie University Research Center for Matrix Biology, Tsu, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Uede
- Department of Matrix Medicine, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Michiaki Hiroe
- Mie University Research Center for Matrix Biology, Tsu, Japan.,National Center of Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Aonuma
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masaki Ieda
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kyoko Imanaka-Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.,Mie University Research Center for Matrix Biology, Tsu, Japan
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20
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Imanaka-Yoshida K. Inflammation in myocardial disease: From myocarditis to dilated cardiomyopathy. Pathol Int 2019; 70:1-11. [PMID: 31691489 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a heterogeneous group of myocardial diseases clinically defined by the presence of left ventricular dilatation and contractile dysfunction. Among various causes of DCM, a progression from viral myocarditis to DCM has long been hypothesized. Supporting this possibility, studies by endomyocardial biopsy, the only method to obtain a definite diagnosis of myocarditis at present, have provided evidence of inflammation in the myocardium in DCM patients. A number of experimental studies have elucidated a cell-mediated autoimmune mechanism triggered by viral infection in the progression of myocarditis to DCM. In addition, the important role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of heart failure has been recognized, and many terms including myocarditis, inflammatory cardiomyopathy, and inflammatory DCM have been used for myocardial diseases associated with inflammation. This review discusses the pathophysiology of inflammation in the myocardium, and refers to diagnosis and treatment based on these concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Imanaka-Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan.,Mie University Research Center for Matrix Biology, Mie, Japan
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21
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Nagel F, Santer D, Stojkovic S, Kaun C, Schaefer AK, Krššák M, Abraham D, Bencsik P, Ferdinandy P, Kenyeres E, Szabados T, Wojta J, Trescher K, Kiss A, Podesser BK. The impact of age on cardiac function and extracellular matrix component expression in adverse post-infarction remodeling in mice. Exp Gerontol 2019; 119:193-202. [PMID: 30763602 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe the potential associations of the expression of matricellular components in adverse post-infarction remodeling of the geriatric heart. In male geriatric (OM, age: 18 months) and young (YM, age: 11 weeks) OF1 mice myocardial infarction (MI) was induced by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Cardiac function was evaluated by MRI. Plasma and myocardial tissue samples were collected 3d, 7d, and 32d post-MI. Age and MI were associated with impaired cardiac function accompanied by left-ventricular (LV) dilatation. mRNA expression of MMP-2 (7d: p < 0.05), TIMP-1 (7d: p < 0.05), TIMP-2 (7d: p < 0.05), Collagen-1 (3d and 7d: p < 0.05) and Collagen-3 (7d: p < 0.05) in LV non-infarcted myocardium was significantly higher in YM than in OM after MI. MMP-9 activity in plasma was increased in OM after MI (3d: p < 0.01). Tenascin-C protein levels assessed by ELISA were decreased in OM as compared to YM after MI in plasma (3d: p < 0.001, 7d: p < 0.05) and LV non-infarcted myocardium (7d: p < 0.01). Dysregulation in ECM components in non-infarcted LV might be associated and contribute to adverse LV remodeling and impaired cardiac function. Thus, targeting ECM might be a potential therapeutic approach to enhance cardiac function in geriatric patients following MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Nagel
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research at the Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Leitstelle 1Q, 1090 Wien, Austria; Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital St. Poelten, Dunant-Platz 1, 3100 St. Poelten, Austria
| | - David Santer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research at the Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Leitstelle 1Q, 1090 Wien, Austria; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital Hietzing, Wolkersbergenstr. 1, 1130 Wien, Austria
| | - Stefan Stojkovic
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Christoph Kaun
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Anne-Kristin Schaefer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research at the Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Leitstelle 1Q, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Martin Krššák
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Wien, Austria; High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettg. 14, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Dietmar Abraham
- Laboratory for Molecular Cellular Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstr. 17, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Péter Bencsik
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary; Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dom ter 12, 6721 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvarad ter 4, Budapest 1089, Hungary
| | - Eva Kenyeres
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dom ter 12, 6721 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamara Szabados
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dom ter 12, 6721 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Johann Wojta
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research at the Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Leitstelle 1Q, 1090 Wien, Austria; Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Karola Trescher
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research at the Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Leitstelle 1Q, 1090 Wien, Austria; Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital St. Poelten, Dunant-Platz 1, 3100 St. Poelten, Austria
| | - Attila Kiss
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research at the Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Leitstelle 1Q, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Bruno K Podesser
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research at the Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Leitstelle 1Q, 1090 Wien, Austria; Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital St. Poelten, Dunant-Platz 1, 3100 St. Poelten, Austria.
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22
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Ageyama N, Kurosawa H, Fujimoto O, Uehara T, Hiroe M, Arano Y, Yoshida T, Yasutomi Y, Imanaka-Yoshida K. Successful Inflammation Imaging of Non-Human Primate Hearts Using an Antibody Specific for Tenascin-C. Int Heart J 2018; 60:151-158. [PMID: 30464121 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.17-734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation after myocardial infarction (MI) may be a major factor influencing ventricular remodeling, leading to congestive heart failure and arrhythmia. Therefore, inflammation in the heart needs to be monitored. Tenascin-C (TNC) is an extracellular matrix molecule not normally expressed, but it is strongly upregulated when associated with active inflammation. Based on this characteristic, we successfully imaged in vivo inflammatory lesions in rat models using 111Indium (111In)-labeled anti-TNC antibodies. The aim of the present study was to further assess the applicability of this molecular imaging probe to detect inflammatory activity in primate hearts.We generated an MI model of cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) by coronary artery ligation and performed dual-isotope single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging with an 111In-labeled anti-TNC antibody Fab' fragment (111In-TNC Fab') and 99mtechnetium methoxy-isobutyl isonitrile (99mTc-MIBI). Dual autoradiography was used to compare the uptake of 111In-TNC Fab' with histology and immunostaining for TNC. Dual-isotope SPECT showed the regional myocardial uptake of 111In-TNC Fab' complementary to a defect in the perfusion image by 99mTc-MIBI. The high radioactivity of 111In-TNC Fab' by autoradiography corresponded to immunostaining for TNC, which was observed in inflammatory lesions at the border zone between the infarcted and non-infarcted areas of the left ventricle and at the epi/pericarditis lesions of the right ventricle. These results demonstrate the potential of 111In-TNC-Fab' imaging to monitor myocardial injury and inflammation and suggest the feasibility of the non-invasive detection of cardiac inflammation following acute MI in a preclinical stage before testing in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohide Ageyama
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
| | | | | | - Tomoya Uehara
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Radiotherapy, Chiba University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Michiaki Hiroe
- Department of Cardiology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine.,Mie University Research Center for Matrix Biology
| | - Yasushi Arano
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Radiotherapy, Chiba University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Toshimichi Yoshida
- Mie University Research Center for Matrix Biology.,Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yasuhiro Yasutomi
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
| | - Kyoko Imanaka-Yoshida
- Mie University Research Center for Matrix Biology.,Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine
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23
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Expression of tenascin C in cardiovascular lesions of Kawasaki disease. Cardiovasc Pathol 2018; 38:25-30. [PMID: 30419479 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE To examine tenascin C (TN-C) expression in coronary artery lesions (CALs) and myocardial lesions (MLs) in Kawasaki disease (KD). METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-five KD autopsy cases (post-KD-onset range of 6 days to 17 years) were examined in this study. Time-course analysis based on the disease day was performed of the histological findings for the CALs and MLs, as well as the localization and intensity of expression of TN-C. TN-C expression was observed to coincide with the areas where inflammatory cell infiltration was present in both coronary arteries and myocardium during the acute stage of KD, and the intensity of its expression correlated with the degree of inflammation. Obvious TN-C expression persisted in the thickened intima and media of CALs even after Disease Day 27. However, in spite of the presence of inflammatory cell infiltration, TN-C expression became weaker in the adventitia and surrounding connective tissue. After 8 months or more, TN-C was not expressed in the vasculitis scars of most cases, but expression was observed around newly formed vessels in the thickened intima and around recanalized vessels after thrombotic occlusion. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest a correlation between the degree of inflammation and TN-C expression in the cardiovascular lesions of acute-stage Kawasaki disease.
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24
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Tomlin H, Piccinini AM. A complex interplay between the extracellular matrix and the innate immune response to microbial pathogens. Immunology 2018; 155:186-201. [PMID: 29908065 PMCID: PMC6142291 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the host extracellular matrix (ECM) in infection tends to be neglected. However, the complex interactions between invading pathogens, host tissues and immune cells occur in the context of the ECM. On the pathogen side, a variety of surface and secreted molecules, including microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules and tissue-degrading enzymes, are employed that interact with different ECM proteins to effectively establish an infection at specific sites. Microbial pathogens can also hijack or misuse host proteolytic systems to modify the ECM, evade immune responses or process biologically active molecules such as cell surface receptors and cytokines that direct cell behaviour and immune defence. On the host side, the ECM composition and three-dimensional ultrastructure undergo significant modifications, which have a profound impact on the specific signals that the ECM conveys to immune cells at the forefront of infection. Unexpectedly, activated immune cells participate in the remodelling of the local ECM by synthesizing ECM glycoproteins, proteoglycans and collagen molecules. The close interplay between the ECM and the innate immune response to microbial pathogens ultimately affects the outcome of infection. This review explores and discusses recent data that implicate an active role for the ECM in the immune response to infection, encompassing antimicrobial activities, microbial recognition, macrophage activation, phagocytosis, leucocyte population balance, and transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of inflammatory networks, and may foster novel antimicrobial approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Tomlin
- School of PharmacyUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
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25
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Suzuki H, Fujimoto M, Kawakita F, Liu L, Nakatsuka Y, Nakano F, Nishikawa H, Okada T, Kanamaru H, Imanaka-Yoshida K, Yoshida T, Shiba M. Tenascin-C in brain injuries and edema after subarachnoid hemorrhage: Findings from basic and clinical studies. J Neurosci Res 2018; 98:42-56. [PMID: 30242870 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) by a rupture of cerebral aneurysms remains the most devastating cerebrovascular disease. Early brain injury (EBI) is increasingly recognized to be the primary determinant for poor outcomes, and also considered to cause delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) after SAH. Both clinical and experimental literatures emphasize the impact of global cerebral edema in EBI as negative prognostic and direct pathological factors. The nature of the global cerebral edema is a mixture of cytotoxic and vasogenic edema, both of which may be caused by post-SAH induction of tenascin-C (TNC) that is an inducible, non-structural, secreted and multifunctional matricellular protein. Experimental SAH induces TNC in brain parenchyma in rats and mice. TNC knockout suppressed EBI in terms of brain edema, blood-brain barrier disruption, neuronal apoptosis and neuroinflammation, associated with the inhibition of post-SAH activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and nuclear factor-kappa B in mice. In a clinical setting, more severe SAH increases more TNC in cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral blood, which could be a surrogate marker of EBI and predict DCI development and outcomes. In addition, cilostazol, a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type III that is a clinically available anti-platelet agent and is known to suppress TNC induction, dose-dependently inhibited delayed cerebral infarction and improved outcomes in a pilot clinical study. Thus, further studies may facilitate application of TNC as biomarkers for non-invasive diagnosis or assessment of EBI and DCI, and lead to development of a molecular target drug against TNC, contributing to the improvement of post-SAH outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Suzuki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.,Research Center for Matrix Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Masashi Fujimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Kawakita
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Nakatsuka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Fumi Nakano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Nishikawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Takeshi Okada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Hideki Kanamaru
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Kyoko Imanaka-Yoshida
- Research Center for Matrix Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.,Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Toshimichi Yoshida
- Research Center for Matrix Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.,Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Masato Shiba
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
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26
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Wang LG, Huangfu XQ, Tao B, Zhong GJ, Le ZD. Serum tenascin-C predicts severity and outcome of acute intracerebral hemorrhage. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 481:69-74. [PMID: 29499198 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tenascin-C is a matricellular protein related to brain injury. We studied serum tenascin-C in acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and examined the associations with severity and outcome following the acute event. METHODS Tenascin-C samples were obtained from 162 patients with acute hemorrhagic stroke and 162 healthy controls. Poor 90-day functional outcome was defined as modified Rankin Scale score > 2. Early neurological deterioration (END) and hematoma growth (HG) were recorded at 24 h. RESULTS Patients had higher tenascin-C levels than controls. Tenascin-C levels were positively correlated with hematoma volume or National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at baseline. Elevated tenascin-C levels were independently associated with END, HG, 90-day mortality and poor functional outcome. Moreover, tenascin-C levels significantly predicted END, HG and 90-day outcomes under receiver operating characteristic curves. CONCLUSIONS An increase in serum tenascin-C level is associated with an adverse outcome in ICH patients, supporting the potential role of serum tenascin-C as a prognostic biomarker for hemorrhagic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Guo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Tonglu County, 338 Xuesheng Road, Tonglu 311500, China.
| | - Xue-Qin Huangfu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Tonglu County, 338 Xuesheng Road, Tonglu 311500, China
| | - Bo Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Tonglu County, 338 Xuesheng Road, Tonglu 311500, China
| | - Guan-Jin Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Tonglu County, 338 Xuesheng Road, Tonglu 311500, China
| | - Zhou-Di Le
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Tonglu County, 338 Xuesheng Road, Tonglu 311500, China
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27
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Li L, Zhao Q, Kong W. Extracellular matrix remodeling and cardiac fibrosis. Matrix Biol 2018; 68-69:490-506. [PMID: 29371055 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis, characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in the myocardium, distorts the architecture of the myocardium, facilitates the progression of arrhythmia and cardiac dysfunction, and influences the clinical course and outcome in patients with heart failure. This review describes the composition and homeostasis in normal cardiac interstitial matrix and introduces cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in cardiac fibrosis. We also characterize the ECM alteration in the fibrotic response under diverse cardiac pathological conditions and depict the role of matricellular proteins in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis. Moreover, the diagnosis of cardiac fibrosis based on imaging and biomarker detection and the therapeutic strategies are addressed. Understanding the comprehensive molecules and pathways involved in ECM homeostasis and remodeling may provide important novel potential targets for preventing and treating cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China.
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28
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Lu L, Sun R, Liu M, Zheng Y, Zhang P. The Inflammatory Heart Diseases: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments. Cell Biochem Biophys 2017; 72:851-5. [PMID: 25682012 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-015-0550-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The inflammation of the heart muscles, such as myocarditis, the membrane sac which surrounds the heart called as pericarditis, and the inner lining of the heart or the myocardium, heart muscle as endocarditis are known as the inflammatory heart diseases. Inflammation of heart is caused by known infectious agents, viruses, bacteria, fungi or parasites, and by toxic materials from the environment, water, food, air, toxic gases, smoke, and pollution, or by an unknown origin. Myocarditis is induced by infection of heart muscle by virus like sarcoidosis and immune diseases. The symptoms include chest pain, angina, pain in heart muscle, and shortness of breath, edema, swelling of feet or ankles, and fatigue. The ECG, X-ray, and MRI can diagnose the disease; blood test and rise in enzymes levels provide abnormality in heart function. The treatment includes use of antibiotics for inflammation of heart muscle and medications. The ultrasound imaging indicates further damage to the heart muscle. In severe cases of infection heart failure can occur so long-term medications are necessary to control inflammation. The various biomarkers are reported for the inflammatory heart diseases. The causes, symptoms and treatments of inflammatory heart diseases are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lu
- Graduate School, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - RongRong Sun
- Graduate School, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Liu
- Graduate School, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Graduate School, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peiying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Xuzhou Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 199# South Jiefang Road, Xuzhou, 221009, Jiangsu, China.
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29
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Santana ET, Feliciano RDS, Serra AJ, Brigidio E, Antonio EL, Tucci PJF, Nathanson L, Morris M, Silva JA. Comparative mRNA and MicroRNA Profiling during Acute Myocardial Infarction Induced by Coronary Occlusion and Ablation Radio-Frequency Currents. Front Physiol 2016; 7:565. [PMID: 27932994 PMCID: PMC5123550 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery is the most commonly used experimental model to induce myocardial infarction (MI) in rodents. A high mortality in the acute phase and the heterogeneity of the size of the MI obtained are drawbacks recognized in this model. In an attempt to solve the problem, our group recently developed a new MI experimental model which is based on application of myocardial ablation radio-frequency currents (AB-RF) that yielded MI with homogeneous sizes and significantly reduce acute mortality. In addition, cardiac structural, and functional changes aroused by AB-RF were similar to those seen in animals with MI induced by coronary artery ligation. Herein, we compared mRNA expression of genes that govern post-MI milieu in occlusion and ablation models. We analyzed 48 mRNAs expressions of nine different signal transduction pathways (cell survival and metabolism signs, matrix extracellular, cell cycle, oxidative stress, apoptosis, calcium signaling, hypertrophy markers, angiogenesis, and inflammation) in rat left ventricle 1 week after MI generated by both coronary occlusion and AB-RF. Furthermore, high-throughput miRNA analysis was also assessed in both MI procedures. Interestingly, mRNA expression levels and miRNA expressions showed strong similarities between both models after MI, with few specificities in each model, activating similar signal transduction pathways. To our knowledge, this is the first comparison of genomic alterations of mRNA and miRNA contents after two different MI procedures and identifies key signaling regulators modulating the pathophysiology of these two models that might culminate in heart failure. Furthermore, these analyses may contribute with the current knowledge concerning transcriptional and post-transcriptional changes of AB-RF protocol, arising as an alternative and effective MI method that reproduces most changes seem in coronary occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo T Santana
- Rehabilitation Department, Universidade Nove de Julho São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Regiane Dos Santos Feliciano
- Biophotonics Department, Universidade Nove de JulhoSão Paulo, Brazil; Medicine Department, Universidade Nove de JulhoSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrey J Serra
- Biophotonics Department, Universidade Nove de Julho São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Brigidio
- Medicine Department, Universidade Nove de Julho São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ednei L Antonio
- Cardiac Physiology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo J F Tucci
- Cardiac Physiology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lubov Nathanson
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Mariana Morris
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - José A Silva
- Medicine Department, Universidade Nove de Julho São Paulo, Brazil
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30
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Gaber R, Ibrahim WS, Nofal HES, Mahran DS. Value of serum tenascin-C in patients with acute myocardial infarction. ALEXANDRIA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajme.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rania Gaber
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, EgyptDepartment of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Wesam Salah Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, EgyptDepartment of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Hanaa El-sayed Nofal
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, EgyptDepartment of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Dina Shafik Mahran
- Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, EgyptFaculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
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31
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Detection of Soluble ED-A(+) Fibronectin and Evaluation as Novel Serum Biomarker for Cardiac Tissue Remodeling. DISEASE MARKERS 2016; 2016:3695454. [PMID: 27635109 PMCID: PMC5007333 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3695454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims. Fibronectin containing the extra domain A (ED-A+ Fn) was proven to serve as a valuable biomarker for cardiac remodeling. The study was aimed at establishing an ELISA to determine ED-A+ Fn in serum of heart failure patients. Methods. ED-A+ Fn was quantified in serum samples from 114 heart failure patients due to ischemic (ICM, n = 44) and dilated (DCM, n = 39) cardiomyopathy as well as hypertensive heart disease (HHD, n = 31) compared to healthy controls (n = 12). Results. In comparison to healthy volunteers, heart failure patients showed significantly increased levels of ED-A+ Fn (p < 0.001). In particular in ICM patients there were significant associations between ED-A+ Fn serum levels and clinical parameters, for example, increased levels with rising NYHA class (p = 0.013), a negative correlation with left ventricular ejection fraction (p = 0.026, r: −0.353), a positive correlation with left atrial diameter (p = 0.008, r: 0.431), and a strong positive correlation with systolic pulmonary artery pressure (p = 0.002, r: 0.485). In multivariate analysis, ED-A+ Fn was identified as an independent predictor of an ischemic heart failure etiology. Conclusions. The current study could clearly show that ED-A+ Fn is a promising biomarker in cardiovascular diseases, especially in heart failure patients due to an ICM. We presented a valid ELISA method, which could be applied for further studies investigating the value of ED-A+ Fn.
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32
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Maqbool A, Spary EJ, Manfield IW, Ruhmann M, Zuliani-Alvarez L, Gamboa-Esteves FO, Porter KE, Drinkhill MJ, Midwood KS, Turner NA. Tenascin C upregulates interleukin-6 expression in human cardiac myofibroblasts via toll-like receptor 4. World J Cardiol 2016; 8:340-350. [PMID: 27231521 PMCID: PMC4877363 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v8.i5.340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effect of Tenascin C (TNC) on the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases in human cardiac myofibroblasts (CMF).
METHODS: CMF were isolated and cultured from patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Cultured cells were treated with either TNC (0.1 μmol/L, 24 h) or a recombinant protein corresponding to different domains of the TNC protein; fibrinogen-like globe (FBG) and fibronectin type III-like repeats (TNIII 5-7) (both 1 μmol/L, 24 h). The expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines; interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, TNFα and the matrix metalloproteinases; MMPs (MMP1, 2, 3, 9, 10, MT1-MMP) was assessed using real time RT-PCR and western blot analysis.
RESULTS: TNC increased both IL-6 and MMP3 (P < 0.01) mRNA levels in cultured human CMF but had no significant effect on the other markers studied. The increase in IL-6 mRNA expression was mirrored by an increase in protein secretion as assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (P < 0.01). Treating CMF with the recombinant protein FBG increased IL-6 mRNA and protein (P < 0.01) whereas the recombinant protein TNIII 5-7 had no effect. Neither FBG nor TNIII 5-7 had any significant effect on MMP3 expression. The expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in human CMF was confirmed by real time RT-PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry. Pre-incubation of cells with TLR4 neutralising antisera attenuated the effect of both TNC and FBG on IL-6 mRNA and protein expression.
CONCLUSION: TNC up-regulates IL-6 expression in human CMF, an effect mediated through the FBG domain of TNC and via the TLR4 receptor.
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Extracellular matrix-mediated cellular communication in the heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 91:228-37. [PMID: 26778458 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex and dynamic scaffold that maintains tissue structure and dynamics. However, the view of the ECM as an inert architectural support has been increasingly challenged. The ECM is a vibrant meshwork, a crucial organizer of cellular microenvironments. It plays a direct role in cellular interactions regulating cell growth, survival, spreading, proliferation, differentiation and migration through the intricate relationship among cellular and acellular tissue components. This complex interrelationship preserves cardiac function during homeostasis; however it is also responsible for pathologic remodeling following myocardial injury. Therefore, enhancing our understanding of this cross-talk may provide mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of heart failure and suggest new approaches to novel, targeted pharmacologic therapies. This review explores the implications of ECM-cell interactions in myocardial cell behavior and cardiac function at baseline and following myocardial injury.
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Shiba M, Sugano Y, Ikeda Y, Ishibashi-Ueda H, Ohara T, Hasegawa T, Kanzaki H, Anzai T. Pathohistological Evidence of Smoldering Inflammation in Rheumatic Heart Disease with Massive Left Atrial Calcification. Intern Med 2016; 55:751-4. [PMID: 27041159 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.55.6125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A 74-year-old man, who had a history of a mitral valve replacement for rheumatic heart disease (RHD) 30 years previously, was admitted with progressive heart failure. Massive calcification was observed around the left atrium on multidetector CT, in addition to a late gadolinium enhancement (LGE)-positive layer adjacently outside of the calcification on MRI. He underwent a second mitral valve replacement for the prosthetic valve failure. Pathohistological analyses of a tissue section of the left atrial wall from a surgical specimen revealed lymphocyte and macrophage infiltration that coincided with the LGE-positive layer on MRI, suggesting the existence of sustained active inflammation even after the long period of RHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikio Shiba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Japan
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Franz M, Jung C, Lauten A, Figulla HR, Berndt A. Tenascin-C in cardiovascular remodeling: potential impact for diagnosis, prognosis estimation and targeted therapy. Cell Adh Migr 2015; 9:90-5. [PMID: 25562641 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2014.1000075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal variants of tenascin-C are not expressed in healthy adult myocardium. But, there is a relevant re-occurrence during pathologic cardiac tissue and vascular remodeling. Thus, these molecules, in particular B and C domain containing tenascin-C, might qualify as promising novel biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis estimation. Since a stable extracellular deposition of fetal tenascin-C variants is present in diseased cardiac tissue, the molecules are excellent target structures for antibody-based delivery of diagnostic (e.g., radionuclides) or therapeutic (bioactive payloads) agents directly to the site of disease. Against the background that fetal tenascin-C variants are functionally involved in cardiovascular tissue remodeling, therapeutic functional blocking strategies could be experimentally tested in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Franz
- a Department of Internal Medicine I; Jena University Hospital ; Jena , Germany
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Effluent Tenascin-C Levels Reflect Peritoneal Deterioration in Peritoneal Dialysis: MAJOR IN PD Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:241098. [PMID: 26770971 PMCID: PMC4684852 DOI: 10.1155/2015/241098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Peritoneal deterioration causing structural changes and functional decline is a major complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD). The aim of this study was to explore effluent biomarkers reflecting peritoneal deterioration. In an animal study, rats were intraperitoneally administered with PD fluids adding 20 mM methylglyoxal (MGO) or 20 mM formaldehyde (FA) every day for 21 days. In the MGO-treated rats, tenascin-C (TN-C) levels in the peritoneal effluents were remarkably high and a cluster of TN-C-positive mesothelial cells with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition- (EMT-) like change excessively proliferated at the peritoneal surface, but not in the FA-treated rats. Effluent matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) levels increased in both the MGO- and FA-treated rats. In a clinical study at 18 centers between 2006 and 2013, effluent TN-C and MMP-2 levels were quantified in 182 PD patients with end-stage renal disease. Peritoneal function was estimated using the peritoneal equilibration test (PET). From the PET results, the D/P Cr ratio was correlated with effluent levels of TN-C (ρ = 0.57, p < 0.001) and MMP-2 (ρ = 0.73, p < 0.001). We suggest that TN-C in the effluents may be a diagnostic marker for peritoneal deterioration with EMT-like change in mesothelial cells in PD.
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Závada J, Uher M, Svobodová R, Olejárová M, Hušáková M, Ciferská H, Hulejová H, Tomčík M, Šenolt L, Vencovský J. Serum tenascin-C discriminates patients with active SLE from inactive patients and healthy controls and predicts the need to escalate immunosuppressive therapy: a cohort study. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:341. [PMID: 26608564 PMCID: PMC4660660 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0862-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to examine whether circulating levels of the proinflammatory glycoprotein tenascin-C (TNC) are useful as an activity-specific or predictive biomarker in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS Serum TNC levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at inception visit in a prospective cohort of 59 SLE patients, and in 65 healthy controls (HC). SLE patients were followed for a mean of 11 months, disease activity was assessed using the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2 K) and British Isles Lupus Assessment Group disease activity index (BILAG-2004), clinical and laboratory data were recorded every 3-6 months, and changes in glucocorticoids (GC) and immunosuppressants (IS) were recorded serially. We examined cross-sectionally the relationships between serum concentrations of TNC and SLE status, SLEDAI-2 K scores, strata of disease activity, and levels of conventional biomarkers [anti-double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), anti-nucleosome antibodies, C3 and C4]. We also explored the utility of TNC levels for predicting disease flares, defined as (i) new/increased GC, (ii) new/increased GC or IS, and (iii) increase in SLEDAI by ≥3 or (iv) BILAG A or B flare. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the mean levels of TNC between the SLE patients and HC. However, in SLE patients with active disease (SLEDAI ≥6), the TNC levels were significantly higher than in the HC (p = 0.004) or in patients with no/low disease activity (p = 0.004). In SLE patients, TNC levels were significantly associated with positivity of anti-dsDNA (p = 0.03) and anti-nucleosome antibodies (p = 0.008). Flares defined by a need to escalate immunosuppressive therapy were captured more frequently and earlier than flares defined by standard activity indices. Higher baseline levels of serum TNC presented a significantly greater risk of flare (i) [hazard ratio (HR) 1.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11-1.73] or (ii) (HR 1.25, 95% CI 1.02-1.52) but not of flares (iii) or (iv). The baseline serum TNC level was the single most important independent predictor of flare (i) compared with conventional biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS TNC is not disease-specific, but it seems to indicate the activity of SLE and may predict the need to escalate immunosuppressive therapy. TNC levels may thus serve as a useful activity-specific and predictive biomarker in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Závada
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, and Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Na Slupi 4, Praha 2, 12850, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Michal Uher
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Radka Svobodová
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, and Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Na Slupi 4, Praha 2, 12850, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Marta Olejárová
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, and Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Na Slupi 4, Praha 2, 12850, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Markéta Hušáková
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, and Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Na Slupi 4, Praha 2, 12850, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Hana Ciferská
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, and Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Na Slupi 4, Praha 2, 12850, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Hana Hulejová
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, and Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Na Slupi 4, Praha 2, 12850, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Michal Tomčík
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, and Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Na Slupi 4, Praha 2, 12850, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Ladislav Šenolt
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, and Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Na Slupi 4, Praha 2, 12850, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiří Vencovský
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, and Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Na Slupi 4, Praha 2, 12850, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Shimojo N, Hashizume R, Kanayama K, Hara M, Suzuki Y, Nishioka T, Hiroe M, Yoshida T, Imanaka-Yoshida K. Tenascin-C may accelerate cardiac fibrosis by activating macrophages via the integrin αVβ3/nuclear factor-κB/interleukin-6 axis. Hypertension 2015; 66:757-66. [PMID: 26238448 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.06004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tenascin-C (TN-C) is an extracellular matrix protein not detected in normal adult heart, but expressed in several heart diseases closely associated with inflammation. Accumulating data suggest that TN-C may play a significant role in progression of ventricular remodeling. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the role of TN-C in hypertensive cardiac fibrosis and underlying molecular mechanisms. Angiotensin II was administered to wild-type and TN-C knockout mice for 4 weeks. In wild-type mice, the treatment induced increase of collagen fibers and accumulation of macrophages in perivascular areas associated with deposition of TN-C and upregulated the expression levels of interleukin-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 as compared with wild-type/control mice. These changes were significantly reduced in TN-C knockout/angiotensin II mice. In vitro, TN-C accelerated macrophage migration and induced accumulation of integrin αVβ3 in focal adhesions, with phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Src. TN-C treatment also induced nuclear translocation of phospho-NF-κB and upregulated interleukin-6 expression of macrophages in an NF-κB-dependent manner; this being suppressed by inhibitors for integrin αVβ3 and Src. Furthermore, interleukin-6 upregulated expression of collagen I by cardiac fibroblasts. TN-C may enhance inflammatory responses by accelerating macrophage migration and synthesis of proinflammatory/profibrotic cytokines via integrin αVβ3/FAK-Src/NF-κB, resulting in increased fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoshi Shimojo
- From the Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology (N.S., R.H., M.H., Y.S., T.N., M.H., T.Y., K.I.-Y.), and Department of Pathologic Oncology (K.K.), Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan; Mie University Research Center for Matrix Biology, Tsu, Mie, Japan (N.S., R.H., T.Y., K.I.-Y.); and Department of Cardiology, National Center of Global Health and Medicine, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan (M.H.).
| | - Ryotaro Hashizume
- From the Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology (N.S., R.H., M.H., Y.S., T.N., M.H., T.Y., K.I.-Y.), and Department of Pathologic Oncology (K.K.), Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan; Mie University Research Center for Matrix Biology, Tsu, Mie, Japan (N.S., R.H., T.Y., K.I.-Y.); and Department of Cardiology, National Center of Global Health and Medicine, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan (M.H.)
| | - Kazuki Kanayama
- From the Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology (N.S., R.H., M.H., Y.S., T.N., M.H., T.Y., K.I.-Y.), and Department of Pathologic Oncology (K.K.), Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan; Mie University Research Center for Matrix Biology, Tsu, Mie, Japan (N.S., R.H., T.Y., K.I.-Y.); and Department of Cardiology, National Center of Global Health and Medicine, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan (M.H.)
| | - Mari Hara
- From the Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology (N.S., R.H., M.H., Y.S., T.N., M.H., T.Y., K.I.-Y.), and Department of Pathologic Oncology (K.K.), Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan; Mie University Research Center for Matrix Biology, Tsu, Mie, Japan (N.S., R.H., T.Y., K.I.-Y.); and Department of Cardiology, National Center of Global Health and Medicine, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan (M.H.)
| | - Yuka Suzuki
- From the Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology (N.S., R.H., M.H., Y.S., T.N., M.H., T.Y., K.I.-Y.), and Department of Pathologic Oncology (K.K.), Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan; Mie University Research Center for Matrix Biology, Tsu, Mie, Japan (N.S., R.H., T.Y., K.I.-Y.); and Department of Cardiology, National Center of Global Health and Medicine, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan (M.H.)
| | - Tomohiro Nishioka
- From the Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology (N.S., R.H., M.H., Y.S., T.N., M.H., T.Y., K.I.-Y.), and Department of Pathologic Oncology (K.K.), Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan; Mie University Research Center for Matrix Biology, Tsu, Mie, Japan (N.S., R.H., T.Y., K.I.-Y.); and Department of Cardiology, National Center of Global Health and Medicine, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan (M.H.)
| | - Michiaki Hiroe
- From the Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology (N.S., R.H., M.H., Y.S., T.N., M.H., T.Y., K.I.-Y.), and Department of Pathologic Oncology (K.K.), Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan; Mie University Research Center for Matrix Biology, Tsu, Mie, Japan (N.S., R.H., T.Y., K.I.-Y.); and Department of Cardiology, National Center of Global Health and Medicine, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan (M.H.)
| | - Toshimichi Yoshida
- From the Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology (N.S., R.H., M.H., Y.S., T.N., M.H., T.Y., K.I.-Y.), and Department of Pathologic Oncology (K.K.), Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan; Mie University Research Center for Matrix Biology, Tsu, Mie, Japan (N.S., R.H., T.Y., K.I.-Y.); and Department of Cardiology, National Center of Global Health and Medicine, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan (M.H.)
| | - Kyoko Imanaka-Yoshida
- From the Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology (N.S., R.H., M.H., Y.S., T.N., M.H., T.Y., K.I.-Y.), and Department of Pathologic Oncology (K.K.), Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan; Mie University Research Center for Matrix Biology, Tsu, Mie, Japan (N.S., R.H., T.Y., K.I.-Y.); and Department of Cardiology, National Center of Global Health and Medicine, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan (M.H.)
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Taki J, Inaki A, Wakabayashi H, Matsunari I, Imanaka-Yoshida K, Ogawa K, Hiroe M, Shiba K, Yoshida T, Kinuya S. Effect of postconditioning on dynamic expression of tenascin-C and left ventricular remodeling after myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. EJNMMI Res 2015; 5:21. [PMID: 25883880 PMCID: PMC4393400 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-015-0100-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tenascin-C (TNC), an extracellular matrix glycoprotein, is expressed transiently in distinct areas in association with active tissue remodeling. This study aimed to explore how ischemic postconditioning (PC) affects myocardial expression of TNC and ventricular remodeling using 125I-labeled anti-TNC antibody (125I-TNC-Ab) in a rat model of ischemia and reperfusion. Methods In control rats (n = 27), the left coronary artery (LCA) was occluded for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 1, 3, 7, and 14 days. PC (n = 27) was performed just after the reperfusion. At the time of the study, 125I-TNC-Ab (1.0 to 2.5 MBq) was injected. Six to 9 h later, to verify the area at risk, 99mTc-MIBI (100 to 200 MBq) was injected intravenously just after the LCA reocclusion, with the rats sacrificed 1 min later. Dual tracer autoradiography was performed to assess 125I-TNC-Ab uptake and area at risk. To examine the ventricular remodeling, echocardiography was performed 2 M after reperfusion in both groups. Results In control rats, 125I-TNC-Ab uptake ratio at 1 day after reperfusion was 3.73 ± 0.71 and increased at 3 days (4.65 ± 0.87), followed by a significant reduction at 7 days (2.91 ± 0.55, P < 0.005 vs 3 days) and14 days (2.01 ± 0.17, P < 0.005 vs 1 and 3 days). PC attenuated the 125I-TNC-Ab uptake throughout the reperfusion time from 1 to 14 days; 2.59 ± 0.59 at 1 day, P < 0.05: 3.10 ± 0.42 at 3 days, P < 0.005: 1.93 ± 0.37 at 7 days, P < 0.05: 1.40 ± 0.07 at 14 days, P < 0.001. In echocardiography, PC reduced the ventricular end-diastolic and systolic dimensions (1.00 ± 0.06 cm to 0.83 ± 0.14 cm (P < 0.05) and 0.90 ± 0.15 cm to 0.62 ± 0.19 cm (P < 0.05), respectively) and prevented a decline of ventricular percentage fractional shortening (10.5 ± 3.7 to 28.2 ± 10.7, P < 0.005). Conclusions These data indicate that 125I-TNC-Ab imaging may be a way to monitor myocardial injury, the subsequent repair process, and its response to novel therapeutic interventions like PC by visualizing TNC expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Taki
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kanazawa University Hospital, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641 Japan
| | - Anri Inaki
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kanazawa University Hospital, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Wakabayashi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kanazawa University Hospital, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641 Japan
| | - Ichiro Matsunari
- The Medical and Pharmacological Research Center Foundation, Wo 32, Inoyama, Hakui, 925-0613 Japan
| | - Kyoko Imanaka-Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Mie University School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, 514-8507 Japan
| | - Kazuma Ogawa
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192 Japan
| | - Michiaki Hiroe
- Department of Nephrology and Cardiology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655 Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Shiba
- Division of Tracer Kinetics, Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8640 Japan
| | - Toshimichi Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Mie University School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, 514-8507 Japan
| | - Seigo Kinuya
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kanazawa University Hospital, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641 Japan
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Takawale A, Sakamuri SS, Kassiri Z. Extracellular Matrix Communication and Turnover in Cardiac Physiology and Pathology. Compr Physiol 2015; 5:687-719. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c140045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Shiba M, Fujimoto M, Kawakita F, Imanaka-Yoshida K, Yoshida T, Kanamaru K, Taki W, Suzuki H. Effects of tenascin-C on early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. ACTA NEUROCHIRURGICA. SUPPLEMENT 2015; 120:69-73. [PMID: 25366602 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-04981-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We previously reported that tenascin-C (TNC), a matricellular protein, was involved in the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), but the role of TNC in early brain injury (EBI) is unknown. This study assessed whether inhibition of TNC upregulation in brain by imatinib mesylate (imatinib), an inhibitor of the tyrosine kinases of platelet-derived growth factor receptors, prevents EBI after experimental SAH. METHODS Rats were assigned to sham, SAH plus vehicle, and SAH plus imatinib groups (n = 4 per group). Imatinib (50 mg/kg body weight) was administered intraperitoneally to rats undergoing SAH by endovascular perforation, and EBI was evaluated using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated uridine 5-triphosphate-biotin nick end-labeling staining at 24 h after SAH. Imatinib-treated SAH rats were also treated by a cisternal injection of recombinant TNC. RESULTS SAH upregulated TNC and caused EBI. Imatinib treatment suppressed both TNC upregulation and EBI at 24 h. Recombinant TNC reinduced EBI in imatinib-treated SAH rats. CONCLUSIONS TNC may be involved in the pathogenesis of EBI after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Shiba
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan,
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Machino-Ohtsuka T, Tajiri K, Kimura T, Sakai S, Sato A, Yoshida T, Hiroe M, Yasutomi Y, Aonuma K, Imanaka-Yoshida K. Tenascin-C aggravates autoimmune myocarditis via dendritic cell activation and Th17 cell differentiation. J Am Heart Assoc 2014; 3:e001052. [PMID: 25376187 PMCID: PMC4338691 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.114.001052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Tenascin‐C (TN‐C), an extracellular matrix glycoprotein, appears at several important steps of cardiac development in the embryo, but is sparse in the normal adult heart. TN‐C re‐expresses under pathological conditions including myocarditis, and is closely associated with tissue injury and inflammation in both experimental and clinical settings. However, the pathophysiological role of TN‐C in the development of myocarditis is not clear. We examined how TN‐C affects the initiation of experimental autoimmune myocarditis, immunologically. Methods and Results A model of experimental autoimmune myocarditis was established in BALB/c mice by immunization with murine α‐myosin heavy chains. We found that TN‐C knockout mice were protected from severe myocarditis compared to wild‐type mice. TN‐C induced synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)‐6, in dendritic cells via activation of a Toll‐like receptor 4, which led to T‐helper (Th)17 cell differentiation and exacerbated the myocardial inflammation. In the transfer experiment, dendritic cells loaded with cardiac myosin peptide acquired the functional capacity to induce myocarditis when stimulated with TN‐C; however, TN‐C‐stimulated dendritic cells generated from Toll‐like receptor 4 knockout mice did not induce myocarditis in recipients. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that TN‐C aggravates autoimmune myocarditis by driving the dendritic cell activation and Th17 differentiation via Toll‐like receptor 4. The blockade of Toll‐like receptor 4‐mediated signaling to inhibit the proinflammatory effects of TN‐C could be a promising therapeutic strategy against autoimmune myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Machino-Ohtsuka
- Cardiovascular Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan (T.M.O., K.T., T.K., S.S., A.S., K.A.)
| | - Kazuko Tajiri
- Cardiovascular Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan (T.M.O., K.T., T.K., S.S., A.S., K.A.)
| | - Taizo Kimura
- Cardiovascular Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan (T.M.O., K.T., T.K., S.S., A.S., K.A.)
| | - Satoshi Sakai
- Cardiovascular Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan (T.M.O., K.T., T.K., S.S., A.S., K.A.)
| | - Akira Sato
- Cardiovascular Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan (T.M.O., K.T., T.K., S.S., A.S., K.A.)
| | - Toshimichi Yoshida
- Mie University Research Center for Matrix Biology and Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan (T.Y., K.I.Y.)
| | - Michiaki Hiroe
- Department of Cardiology, National Center of Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (M.H.)
| | - Yasuhiro Yasutomi
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Vaccine Research, Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institution of Biomedical Innovation, Tsukuba, Japan (Y.Y.)
| | - Kazutaka Aonuma
- Cardiovascular Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan (T.M.O., K.T., T.K., S.S., A.S., K.A.)
| | - Kyoko Imanaka-Yoshida
- Mie University Research Center for Matrix Biology and Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan (T.Y., K.I.Y.)
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43
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Omura S, Kawai E, Sato F, Martinez NE, Chaitanya GV, Rollyson PA, Cvek U, Trutschl M, Alexander JS, Tsunoda I. Bioinformatics multivariate analysis determined a set of phase-specific biomarker candidates in a novel mouse model for viral myocarditis. CIRCULATION. CARDIOVASCULAR GENETICS 2014; 7:444-54. [PMID: 25031303 PMCID: PMC4332820 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.114.000505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the cardiac muscle and is mainly caused by viral infections. Viral myocarditis has been proposed to be divided into 3 phases: the acute viral phase, the subacute immune phase, and the chronic cardiac remodeling phase. Although individualized therapy should be applied depending on the phase, no clinical or experimental studies have found biomarkers that distinguish between the 3 phases. Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus belongs to the genus Cardiovirus and can cause myocarditis in susceptible mouse strains. METHODS AND RESULTS Using this novel model for viral myocarditis induced with Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus, we conducted multivariate analysis including echocardiography, serum troponin and viral RNA titration, and microarray to identify the biomarker candidates that can discriminate the 3 phases. Using C3H mice infected with Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus on 4, 7, and 60 days post infection, we conducted bioinformatics analyses, including principal component analysis and k-means clustering of microarray data, because our traditional cardiac and serum assays, including 2-way comparison of microarray data, did not lead to the identification of a single biomarker. Principal component analysis separated heart samples clearly between the groups of 4, 7, and 60 days post infection. Representative genes contributing to the separation were as follows: 4 and 7 days post infection, innate immunity-related genes, such as Irf7 and Cxcl9; 7 and 60 days post infection, acquired immunity-related genes, such as Cd3g and H2-Aa; and cardiac remodeling-related genes, such as Mmp12 and Gpnmb. CONCLUSIONS Sets of molecules, not single molecules, identified by unsupervised principal component analysis, were found to be useful as phase-specific biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiichi Omura
- From the Departments of Microbiology and Immunology (S.O., E.K., F.S., N.E.M., I.T.) and Molecular and Cellular Physiology (G.V.C., J.S.A.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport; and Department of Computer Science, Louisiana State University Shreveport (P.A.R., U.C., M.T.)
| | - Eiichiro Kawai
- From the Departments of Microbiology and Immunology (S.O., E.K., F.S., N.E.M., I.T.) and Molecular and Cellular Physiology (G.V.C., J.S.A.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport; and Department of Computer Science, Louisiana State University Shreveport (P.A.R., U.C., M.T.)
| | - Fumitaka Sato
- From the Departments of Microbiology and Immunology (S.O., E.K., F.S., N.E.M., I.T.) and Molecular and Cellular Physiology (G.V.C., J.S.A.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport; and Department of Computer Science, Louisiana State University Shreveport (P.A.R., U.C., M.T.)
| | - Nicholas E Martinez
- From the Departments of Microbiology and Immunology (S.O., E.K., F.S., N.E.M., I.T.) and Molecular and Cellular Physiology (G.V.C., J.S.A.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport; and Department of Computer Science, Louisiana State University Shreveport (P.A.R., U.C., M.T.)
| | - Ganta V Chaitanya
- From the Departments of Microbiology and Immunology (S.O., E.K., F.S., N.E.M., I.T.) and Molecular and Cellular Physiology (G.V.C., J.S.A.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport; and Department of Computer Science, Louisiana State University Shreveport (P.A.R., U.C., M.T.)
| | - Phoebe A Rollyson
- From the Departments of Microbiology and Immunology (S.O., E.K., F.S., N.E.M., I.T.) and Molecular and Cellular Physiology (G.V.C., J.S.A.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport; and Department of Computer Science, Louisiana State University Shreveport (P.A.R., U.C., M.T.)
| | - Urska Cvek
- From the Departments of Microbiology and Immunology (S.O., E.K., F.S., N.E.M., I.T.) and Molecular and Cellular Physiology (G.V.C., J.S.A.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport; and Department of Computer Science, Louisiana State University Shreveport (P.A.R., U.C., M.T.)
| | - Marjan Trutschl
- From the Departments of Microbiology and Immunology (S.O., E.K., F.S., N.E.M., I.T.) and Molecular and Cellular Physiology (G.V.C., J.S.A.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport; and Department of Computer Science, Louisiana State University Shreveport (P.A.R., U.C., M.T.)
| | - J Steven Alexander
- From the Departments of Microbiology and Immunology (S.O., E.K., F.S., N.E.M., I.T.) and Molecular and Cellular Physiology (G.V.C., J.S.A.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport; and Department of Computer Science, Louisiana State University Shreveport (P.A.R., U.C., M.T.)
| | - Ikuo Tsunoda
- From the Departments of Microbiology and Immunology (S.O., E.K., F.S., N.E.M., I.T.) and Molecular and Cellular Physiology (G.V.C., J.S.A.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport; and Department of Computer Science, Louisiana State University Shreveport (P.A.R., U.C., M.T.).
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44
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Dalzell JR, Cannon JA, Jackson CE, Lang NN, Gardner RS. Emerging biomarkers for heart failure: an update. Biomark Med 2014; 8:833-40. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm.14.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing array of biological pathways underpins the syndrome we recognize as heart failure. These include both deleterious pathways promoting its development and progression, as well as compensatory cardioprotective pathways. Components of these pathways can be utilized as biomarkers of this condition to aid diagnosis, prognostication and potentially guide management. As our understanding of the pathophysiology of heart failure deepens further candidate biomarkers are being identified. We provide an overview of the more recently emerging biomarkers displaying potential promise for future clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Dalzell
- Scottish Advanced Heart Failure Unit, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, G81 4DY, UK
| | - Jane A Cannon
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Colette E Jackson
- Scottish Advanced Heart Failure Unit, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, G81 4DY, UK
| | - Ninian N Lang
- Scottish Advanced Heart Failure Unit, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, G81 4DY, UK
| | - Roy S Gardner
- Scottish Advanced Heart Failure Unit, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, G81 4DY, UK
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45
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Franz M, Matusiak-Brückner M, Richter P, Grün K, Ziffels B, Neri D, Maschek H, Schulz U, Pfeil A, Jung C, Figulla HR, Gummert J, Berndt A, Renner A. De novo expression of fetal ED-A(+) fibronectin and B (+) tenascin-C splicing variants in human cardiac allografts: potential impact for targeted therapy of rejection. J Mol Histol 2014; 45:519-32. [PMID: 24792713 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-014-9573-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Management of acute and especially chronic rejection after human cardiac transplantation is still challenging. Chronic rejection, represented by allograft vasculopathy (CAV) and cardiac interstitial fibrosis (CIF) is known to cause severe long-term complications. Rejection associated tissue-remodelling entails the reoccurrence of fetal variants of Fibronectin (Fn) and Tenascin-C (Tn-C), which are virtually absent in adult human organs. In a rat model, an extensive re-expression could be demonstrated for ED-A(+) Fn with spatial association to CAV and CIF. Thus, it is of great interest to investigate the cardiac tissue expression and distribution in human samples. From 48 heart transplanted patients, 64 tissue specimens derived from right ventricular biopsies were available. Histopathological analysis was performed according to the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) guidelines for the detection of acute rejection. By immunohistochemistry, protein expression of ED-A(+) Fn, B(+) Tn-C, alpha-smooth muscle actin, CD31 and CD45 was assessed and analysed semiquantitatively. Co-localisation studies were performed by means of immunofluorescence double labelling. Histopathological analysis of the 64 samples revealed different ISHLT grades (0R in 36 cases, 1R in 20 cases and 2R in 8 cases). There was a distinct and quantitatively relevant re-occurrence of ED-A(+) Fn and B(+) Tn-C in most samples. Semi-quantitative evaluation did not show any correlation to the acute rejection grade for all markers. Interestingly, significant correlations to the extent of inflammation could be shown for ED-A(+) Fn (r = 0.442, p = 0.000) and B(+) Tn-C (r = 0.408, p = 0.001) as well as between both proteins (r = 0.663, p = 0.000). A spatial association of ED-A(+) Fn and B(+) Tn-C to CAV and CIF could be demonstrated. A relevant re-occurrence of ED-A(+) Fn and B(+) Tn-C following human heart transplantation could be demonstrated with spatial association to signs of rejection and a significant correlation to tissue inflammation. These data might contribute to the identification of novel biomarkers reflecting the rejection process and to the development of promising strategies to image, prevent or treat cardiac rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Franz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 101, 07740, Jena, Germany,
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Rienks M, Papageorgiou AP, Frangogiannis NG, Heymans S. Myocardial extracellular matrix: an ever-changing and diverse entity. Circ Res 2014; 114:872-88. [PMID: 24577967 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.114.302533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex architectural network consisting of structural and nonstructural proteins, creating strength and plasticity. The nonstructural compartment of the ECM houses a variety of proteins, which are vital for ECM plasticity, and can be divided into 3 major groups: glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans. The common denominator for these groups is glycosylation, which refers to the decoration of proteins or lipids with sugars. This review will discuss the fundamental role of the matrix in cardiac development, homeostasis, and remodeling, from a glycobiology point of view. Glycoproteins (eg, thrombospondins, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine, tenascins), proteoglycans (eg, versican, syndecans, biglycan), and glycosaminoglycans (eg, hyaluronan, heparan sulfate) are upregulated on cardiac injury and regulate key processes in the remodeling myocardium such as inflammation, fibrosis, and angiogenesis. Albeit some parallels can be made regarding the processes these proteins are involved in, their specific functions are extremely diverse. In fact, under varying conditions, individual proteins can even have opposing functions, making spatiotemporal contribution of these proteins in the rearrangement of multifaceted ECM very hard to grasp. Alterations of protein characteristics by the addition of sugars may explain the immense, yet tightly regulated, variability of the remodeling cardiac matrix. Understanding the role of glycosylation in altering the ultimate function of glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans in the myocardium may lead to the development of new biochemical structures or compounds with great therapeutic potential for patients with heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Rienks
- From Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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47
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Hao H, Ishibashi-Ueda H, Nishida N, Kawakami R, Tsukamoto Y, Tsujimoto M, Hirota S. Distribution of myofibroblast and tenascin-C in cystic adventitial disease: Comparison with ganglion. Pathol Int 2014; 63:591-8. [DOI: 10.1111/pin.12119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Hao
- Department of Surgical Pathology; Hyogo College of Medicine; Nishinomiya Hyogo Japan
| | - Hatsue Ishibashi-Ueda
- Department of Pathology; National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center; Suita Osaka Japan
| | - Naoki Nishida
- Department of Pathology; National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center; Suita Osaka Japan
| | - Rika Kawakami
- Department of Surgical Pathology; Hyogo College of Medicine; Nishinomiya Hyogo Japan
| | - Yoshitane Tsukamoto
- Department of Surgical Pathology; Hyogo College of Medicine; Nishinomiya Hyogo Japan
| | | | - Seiichi Hirota
- Department of Surgical Pathology; Hyogo College of Medicine; Nishinomiya Hyogo Japan
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48
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Can serum tenascin-C be used as a marker of inflammation in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy? Int J Pediatr 2013; 2013:608563. [PMID: 24106506 PMCID: PMC3782834 DOI: 10.1155/2013/608563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Tenascin-C (TN-C) is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein that appears at sites of inflammation in cardiac pathologies. Aim of the Work. To evaluate the role of TN-C as a marker for active inflammation in children with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Subjects and Methods. 24 consecutive patients with primary nonfamilial DCM aged 6–72 months (mean 45.19 ± 11.03) were divided into group I, twelve patients with acute onset DCM (<6 months duration), and group II, twelve patients with chronic DCM (>6 months duration), and compared to 20 healthy age- and sex-matched controls. Investigations included estimation of serum TN-C and echocardiographic evaluation using M-mode and 2D speckle tracking echocardiography (STE). Results. Serum TN-C showed a higher significant statistical elevation among patients than controls (P < 0.001) and in group I than group II (P < 0.001). EF was significantly decreased, and LVEDD and EDV increased in patients than controls and in GI than GII. STE showed a statistically significant difference in global peak strain longitudinal (GPSL) average in patients than controls (P < 0.05) and between GI and GII (P < 0.001). STE wall motion scoring showed normokinesia (33.5%), hypokinesia (8.33%), and akinesia (50%) in GI and hypokinesia (100%) in GII. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between serum TN-C and GPSL average. Conclusions. Increased serum TN-C can be used as a marker of inflammation in DCM and is associated with the severity of heart failure and LV dysfunction as detected by STE.
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49
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Franz M, Berndt A, Neri D, Galler K, Grün K, Porrmann C, Reinbothe F, Mall G, Schlattmann P, Renner A, Figulla HR, Jung C, Küthe F. Matrix metalloproteinase-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, B⁺ tenascin-C and ED-A⁺ fibronectin in dilated cardiomyopathy: potential impact on disease progression and patients' prognosis. Int J Cardiol 2013; 168:5344-51. [PMID: 23998545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is associated with heart failure and increased mortality and there is no reliable biomarker to estimate patients' prognosis. During cardiac remodeling, an extensive reorganization of the extracellular matrix occurs. The study was aimed to investigate matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) and fetal tenascin-C (B(+) Tn-C) and fibronectin (ED-A(+) Fn) variants known to be involved in that process. METHODS AND RESULTS In 187 patients with DCM, levels of MMP-9, TIMP-1 and B(+) Tn-C in serum as well as B(+) Tn-C and ED-A(+) Fn in tissue were quantified and subjected to univariate analysis. For all serum markers, concentrations above a calculated threshold were associated with decreased survival (MMP-9: p = 0.008, TIMP-1: p = 0.001, B(+) Tn-C: p < 0.001) and a significantly higher risk to die or undergo transplantation. In tissue, a reexpression of B(+) Tn-C and ED-A(+) Fn could be shown. Protein deposition levels of ≥4.5% for B(+) Tn-C and ≥2.1% for ED-A(+) Fn were associated with a significantly decreased survival (p = 0.001 for B(+) Tn-C, p = 0.031 for ED-A(+) Fn) and an increased risk to die or undergo transplantation. In a multivariate analysis, TIMP-1 is the superior parameter to predict transplantation free survival (p = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS Serum levels of MMP-9, TIMP-1 and B(+) Tn-C and tissue levels of B(+) Tn-C and ED-A(+) Fn are promising markers for risk assessment. The reoccurrence of ED-A(+) Fn and the availability of a human antibody usable as a vehicle for targeted drug delivery might be the basis for novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Franz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07740 Jena, Germany.
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50
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Suzuki H, Kanamaru K, Suzuki Y, Aimi Y, Matsubara N, Araki T, Takayasu M, Kinoshita N, Imanaka-Yoshida K, Yoshida T, Taki W. Tenascin-C is induced in cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats and humans: a pilot study. Neurol Res 2013; 32:179-84. [DOI: 10.1179/174313208x355495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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