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Foda MY, Salem ML, AlAkwaa FM, El-Khawaga OY. Atorvastatin lowers breast cancer risk by reversing an early tumorigenic signature. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17803. [PMID: 39090164 PMCID: PMC11294600 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67706-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer remains a significant health challenge with complex molecular mechanisms. While many studies have explored genetic markers in breast carcinogenesis, few have studied the potential impact of pharmacological interventions such as Atorvastatin on its genetic landscape. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular distinctions between normal and tumor-adjacent tissues in breast cancer and to investigate the potential protective role of atorvastatin, primarily known for its lipid-lowering effects, against breast cancer. Searching the Gene Expression Omnibus database identified two datasets, GSE9574 and GSE20437, comparing normal breast tissues with tumor-adjacent samples, which were merged, and one dataset, GSE63427, comparing paired pre- and post-treated patients with atorvastatin. Post-ComBat application showed merged datasets' consistency, revealing 116 DEGs between normal and tumor-adjacent tissues. Although initial GSE63427 data analysis suggested a minimal impact of atorvastatin, 105 DEGs post-treatment were discovered. Thirteen genes emerged as key players, both affected by Atorvastatin and dysregulated in tumor-adjacent tissues. Pathway analysis spotlighted the significance of these genes in processes like inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and cell cycle control. Moreover, there was a noticeable interaction between these genes and the immunological microenvironment in tumor-adjacent tissues, with Atorvastatin potentially altering the suppressive immune landscape to favor anti-tumor immunity. Survival analysis further highlighted the prognostic potential of the 13-gene panel, with 12 genes associated with improved survival outcomes. The 13-gene signature offers promising insights into breast cancer's molecular mechanisms and atorvastatin's potential therapeutic role. The preliminary findings advocate for an in-depth exploration of atorvastatin's impact on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Y Foda
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed L Salem
- Immunology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, and Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Fadhl M AlAkwaa
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Omali Y El-Khawaga
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
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Bellazzo A, Sicari D, Valentino E, Del Sal G, Collavin L. Complexes formed by mutant p53 and their roles in breast cancer. BREAST CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2018; 10:101-112. [PMID: 29950894 PMCID: PMC6011883 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s145826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in women, and mutations in the tumor suppressor p53 are commonly detected in the most aggressive subtypes. The majority of TP53 gene alterations are missense substitutions, leading to expression of mutant forms of the p53 protein that are frequently detected at high levels in cancer cells. P53 mutants not only lose the physiological tumor-suppressive activity of the wild-type p53 protein but also acquire novel powerful oncogenic functions, referred to as gain of function, that may actively confer a selective advantage during tumor progression. Some of the best-characterized oncogenic activities of mutant p53 are mediated by its ability to form aberrant protein complexes with other transcription factors or proteins not directly related to gene transcription. The set of cellular proteins available to interact with mutant p53 is dependent on cell type and extensively affected by environmental signals, so the prognostic impact of p53 mutation is complex. Specific functional interactions of mutant p53 can profoundly impact homeostasis of breast cancer cells, reprogramming gene expression in response to specific extracellular inputs or cell-intrinsic conditions. The list of protein complexes involving mutant p53 in breast cancer is continuously growing, as is the number of oncogenic phenotypes in which they could be involved. In consideration of the functional impact of such complexes, key interactions of mutant p53 may be exploited as potential targets for development of therapies aimed at defusing the oncogenic potential of p53 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Bellazzo
- National Laboratory CIB (LNCIB), AREA Science park, Trieste, Italy
| | - Daria Sicari
- National Laboratory CIB (LNCIB), AREA Science park, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Elena Valentino
- National Laboratory CIB (LNCIB), AREA Science park, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giannino Del Sal
- National Laboratory CIB (LNCIB), AREA Science park, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Licio Collavin
- National Laboratory CIB (LNCIB), AREA Science park, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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Donzelli S, Biagioni F, Fausti F, Strano S, Fontemaggi G, Blandino G. Oncogenomic Approaches in Exploring Gain of Function of Mutant p53. Curr Genomics 2011; 9:200-7. [PMID: 19440517 PMCID: PMC2679646 DOI: 10.2174/138920208784340713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2008] [Revised: 04/09/2008] [Accepted: 04/14/2008] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is caused by the spatial and temporal accumulation of alterations in the genome of a given cell. This leads to the deregulation of key signalling pathways that play a pivotal role in the control of cell proliferation and cell fate. The p53 tumor suppressor gene is the most frequent target in genetic alterations in human cancers. The primary selective advantage of such mutations is the elimination of cellular wild type p53 activity. In addition, many evidences in vitro and in vivo have demonstrated that at least certain mutant forms of p53 may possess a gain of function, whereby they contribute positively to cancer progression. The fine mapping and deciphering of specific cancer phenotypes is taking advantage of molecular-profiling studies based on genome-wide approaches. Currently, high-throughput methods such as array-based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH array), single nucleotide polymorphism array (SNP array), expression arrays and ChIP-on-chip arrays are available to study mutant p53-associated alterations in human cancers. Here we will mainly focus on the integration of the results raised through oncogenomic platforms that aim to shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying mutant p53 gain of function activities and to provide useful information on the molecular stratification of tumor patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Donzelli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, 00158-Rome, Italy
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Jung AC, Briolat J, Millon R, de Reyniès A, Rickman D, Thomas E, Abecassis J, Clavel C, Wasylyk B. Biological and clinical relevance of transcriptionally active human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2010; 126:1882-1894. [PMID: 19795456 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are associated with a subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), particularly HPV16. This study analyzed the presence and genotype of high risk HPVs, viral DNA load and transcription of the E6/E7 mRNAs, in 231 consecutive HNSCC. Twelve out of 30 HPV16 DNA-positive tumors displayed high E6/E7 mRNAs levels and were localized in the oropharyngeal region. While HPV-free and non-transcriptionally active HPV-related patients showed similar 5-years survival rates, E6/E7 expression was associated with a better prognosis. This emphasizes the importance of considering the transcriptional status of HPV-positive tumors for patient stratification. A gene expression profiling analysis of these different types of tumors was carried out. The most significant differentially expressed gene was CDKN2A, a known biomarker for HPV-related cancer. Assessing both the expression level of the E6/E7 mRNAs and of CDKN2A in HNSCC is required to detect active HPV infection. Chromosomic alterations were investigated by Comparative Genomic Hybridation (CGH) analysis of tumors with transcriptionally active HPV and HPV-negative tumors. The loss of the chromosomal region 16q was found to be a major genetic event in HPV-positive lesions. A cluster of genes located in 16q21-24 displayed decreased expression levels, notably APP-BP1 that is involved in the modulation of the transcriptional activity of p53. In conclusion, this study highlights important criteria required to predict clinically active HPV infection, identifies new biological pathways implicated in HPV tumorigenesis and increases the understanding of HPV-HNSCC physiopathology that is required to develop new targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain C Jung
- Centre Régional de Lutte Contre le Cancer Paul Strauss, Laboratoire de Biologie Tumorale, 3 Rue de la porte de l'Hôpital, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Jenny Briolat
- INSERM UMRS 903, Laboratoire Pol Bouin, IFR 53, CHU Maison Blanche, 45 Rue Cognacq- Jay, Reims, France
| | - Régine Millon
- Centre Régional de Lutte Contre le Cancer Paul Strauss, Laboratoire de Biologie Tumorale, 3 Rue de la porte de l'Hôpital, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Aurélien de Reyniès
- Programme Carte d'Identité des Tumeurs (CIT), Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 14 Rue Corvisart, Paris, France
| | - David Rickman
- Programme Carte d'Identité des Tumeurs (CIT), Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 14 Rue Corvisart, Paris, France
| | - Emilie Thomas
- Programme Carte d'Identité des Tumeurs (CIT), Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 14 Rue Corvisart, Paris, France
| | - Joseph Abecassis
- Centre Régional de Lutte Contre le Cancer Paul Strauss, Laboratoire de Biologie Tumorale, 3 Rue de la porte de l'Hôpital, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Christine Clavel
- INSERM UMRS 903, Laboratoire Pol Bouin, IFR 53, CHU Maison Blanche, 45 Rue Cognacq- Jay, Reims, France
| | - Bohdan Wasylyk
- IGBMC, UMR 7104 CNRS UDS-U 964 INSERM, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
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Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor inhibits the proliferation of cells which undergo prolonged activation of the mitotic checkpoint. However, the function of this antiproliferative response is not well defined. Here we report that p53 suppresses structural chromosome instability following mitotic arrest in human cells. In both HCT116 colon cancer cells and normal human fibroblasts, DNA breaks occurred during mitotic arrest in a p53-independent manner, but p53 was required to suppress the proliferation and structural chromosome instability of the resulting polyploid cells. In contrast, cells made polyploid without mitotic arrest exhibited neither significant structural chromosome instability nor p53-dependent cell cycle arrest. We also observed that p53 suppressed both the frequency and structural chromosome instability of spontaneous polyploids in HCT116 cells. Furthermore, time-lapse videomicroscopy revealed that polyploidization of p53−/− HCT116 cells is frequently accompanied by mitotic arrest. These data suggest that a function of the p53-dependent postmitotic response is the prevention of structural chromosome instability following prolonged activation of the mitotic checkpoint. Accordingly, our study suggests a novel mechanism of tumor suppression for p53, as well as a potential role for p53 in the outcome of antimitotic chemotherapy.
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Abstract
Ample data indicate that mutant p53 proteins not only lose their tumour suppressive functions, but also gain new abilities that promote tumorigenesis. Moreover, recent studies have modified our view of mutant p53 proteins, portraying them not as inert mutants, but rather as regulated proteins that influence the cancer cell transcriptome and phenotype. This influence is clinically manifested as association of TP53 mutations with poor prognosis and drug resistance in a growing array of malignancies. Here, we review recent studies on mutant p53 regulation, gain-of-function mechanisms, transcriptional effects and prognostic association, with a focus on the clinical implications of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Brosh
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Libè R, Groussin L, Tissier F, Elie C, René-Corail F, Fratticci A, Jullian E, Beck-Peccoz P, Bertagna X, Gicquel C, Bertherat J. Somatic TP53 mutations are relatively rare among adrenocortical cancers with the frequent 17p13 loss of heterozygosity. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13:844-50. [PMID: 17289876 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-2085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Allelic losses [loss of heterozygosity (LOH)] at the 17p13 locus are frequent (85%) in adrenocortical cancers. The tumor suppressor gene TP53 is located at 17p13. The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of TP53 somatic inactivating mutations in adrenocortical tumors with 17p13 LOH and their clinico-biological correlations. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN TP53 somatic mutations, intragenic LOH (VNTR1 marker), and p53 overexpression were studied in 36 adrenocortical tumors with 17p13 LOH determined by Southern blot. RESULTS TP53 mutations were detected in 33% of the tumors, and VNTR1 LOH was present in 44% of the cases and did not always correlate with the presence of a TP53 mutation. Only the TP53-mutant tumors exhibit a strong nuclear immunoreactivity. TP53-mutant tumors were significantly larger than wild-type TP53 tumors (median tumor weight: 640 versus 185 g; P=0.02), were associated with a more advanced stage of tumor progression (MacFarlane stage IV; P=0.01), and had a shorter disease-free survival (P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS The finding that only a minority of adrenocortical tumors with 17p13 LOH had either a VNTR1 LOH or a TP53 mutation indicates that TP53 might not be the only or major tumor suppressor gene at 17p13 involved in adrenocortical cancer progression. We suggest that a genetic instability of the 17p13 region, occurring early in adrenocortical cancer development, involves various genes located in this region. TP53 might be only one of them, and its alteration by the occurrence of inactivating mutation is associated with the development of more aggressive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Libè
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale U567, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8104, Université Paris 5, and Assitance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France
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Price GR, Armes JE, Ramus SJ, Provenzano E, Kumar B, Cowie TF, Ciciulla J, Hutchins AM, Thomas M, Venter DJ. Phenotype-directed analysis of genotype in early-onset, familial breast cancers. Pathology 2006; 38:520-7. [PMID: 17393978 DOI: 10.1080/00313020601024052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Considerable heterogeneity of morphology and disease outcome exists within breast cancers (BC), which likely reflects variable molecular pathogeneses within this broad clinical group. AIM To evaluate the underlying genomic alterations associated with familial, early-onset BC (EOBC) phenotypes, in order to improve the management of this disease. METHODS Using hierarchical clustering of morphological and immunophenotypical parameters, 116 EOBC were stratified into six groups. Conventional and array-based comparative genomic hybridisation was used to analyse the genomic alterations. RESULTS Specific areas of genomic imbalance were associated with individual phenotypes. The largest phenotypical group was high grade, oestrogen receptor and HER-2 negative. This group contained the majority of BRCA1 germline mutation-associated tumours and commonly showed loss of chromosomal regions 5cent-5q13, 5q14-22 and 4q28-32. High mitotic rate, an important indicator of tumour cell proliferation and poor prognosis, was associated with gain of 19p, mapped within 7 Mb of the telomere. This region contains the candidate oncogene CDC34, the protein product of which is involved in ubiquitin-mediated degradation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p27Kip1. CONCLUSION Phenotype-based analysis can be used to determine the genetic changes important in subtypes of BC. Further, the different morphological phenotypes could act as a cost-effective surrogate for genotypical stratification to facilitate optimal management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth R Price
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne
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