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Deodati A, Inzaghi E, Germani D, Fausti F, Cianfarani S. Crk Haploinsufficiency Is Associated with Intrauterine Growth Retardation and Severe Postnatal Growth Failure. Horm Res Paediatr 2022; 94:456-466. [PMID: 35086092 DOI: 10.1159/000521629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with 17p13.3 microdeletions including the YWHAE gene show intrauterine growth restriction, craniofacial dysmorphisms, postnatal growth failure, and cognitive impairment. This region is characterized by genomic instability and has been associated with isolated lissencephaly sequence and Miller-Dieker syndrome characterized by facial dysmorphisms, microcephaly, short stature, seizures, cardiac malformations, and agyria. Whilst brain abnormalities are secondary to YWHAE deficiency, the cause of pre- and postnatal growth failure has not been identified yet. CASE PRESENTATION We describe 2 patients (patient 1 15 years and patient 2 11 years and 10 months) referred to our Center of Pediatric Endocrinology for intrauterine growth retardation with de novo 17p13.3 deletion. In vitro assays showed a defect in CRK expression and GH/IGF1 signaling. rhGH therapy was effective in partially reducing the deficit in height in patient 1 and induced catch-up growth in patient 2. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that 17p13.3 microdeletion involving CRK affects both GH and IGF1 signaling ultimately leading to pre- and postnatal growth retardation, secondary to partial insensitivity to GH/IGF1. rhGH therapy may be considered to reduce the height deficit in these patients, though data on adult height are lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Deodati
- Dipartimento Pediatrico Universitario Ospedaliero, IRCCS "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Inzaghi
- Dipartimento Pediatrico Universitario Ospedaliero, IRCCS "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Germani
- Dipartimento di Medicina dei sistemi, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Fausti
- Dipartimento di Medicina dei sistemi, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Cianfarani
- Dipartimento Pediatrico Universitario Ospedaliero, IRCCS "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina dei sistemi, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Vignati A, Giordanengo S, Milian FM, Ganjeh ZA, Donetti M, Fausti F, Ferrero M, Ali OH, Villarreal OAM, Mazza G, Shakarami Z, Sola V, Staiano A, Cirio R, Sacchi R, Monaco V. A new detector for the beam energy measurement in proton therapy: a feasibility study. Phys Med Biol 2020; 65:215030. [PMID: 32736371 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/abab58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The proof of concept of a new device, capable of determining in a few seconds the energy of clinical proton beams by measuring the time of flight (ToF) of protons, is presented. The prototype consists of two thin ultra fast silicon detector (UFSD) pads, aligned along the beam direction in a telescope configuration and readout by a digitizer. The method developed for extracting the energy at the isocenter from the measured ToF, validated by Monte Carlo simulations, and the procedure used to calibrate the system are also presented and discussed in detail. The prototype was tested at the Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica (CNAO, Pavia, Italy), at several beam energies, covering the entire clinical range, and using different distances between the sensors. The measured beam energies were benchmarked against the nominal CNAO energy values, obtained during the commissioning of the centre from the measured ranges in water. Deviations of few hundreds of keV have been achieved for all considered proton beam energies for distances between the two sensors larger than 60 cm, indicating a sensitivity to the corresponding beam range in water smaller than the clinical tolerance of 1 mm. Moreover, few seconds of irradiation were necessary to collect the required statistics. These preliminary results indicate that a telescope of UFSDs could achieve in a short time the accuracy required for the clinical application and therefore encourage further investigations towards the improvement and the optimization of the present prototype.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vignati
- Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy. INFN - National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Torino, Italy. These authors contributed equally to this work
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Shakarami Z, Donetti M, Fausti F, Ferrero M, Giordanengo S, Hammad Ali O, Mandurrino M, Marti Villarreal O, Milian F, Monaco V, Sacchi R, Sola V, Staiano A, Vignati A, Cirio R. PO-1327: Performances of new beam monitors based on Ultra Fast Silicon Detectors for proton therapy. Radiother Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)01345-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Giordanengo S, Vignati A, Attili A, Ciocca M, Donetti M, Fausti F, Manganaro L, Milian FM, Molinelli S, Monaco V, Russo G, Sacchi R, Varasteh Anvar M, Cirio R. RIDOS: A new system for online computation of the delivered dose distributions in scanning ion beam therapy. Phys Med 2019; 60:139-149. [PMID: 31000074 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2019.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe a new system for scanned ion beam therapy, named RIDOS (Real-time Ion DOse planning and delivery System), which performs real time delivered dose verification integrating the information from a clinical beam monitoring system with a Graphic Processing Unit (GPU) based dose calculation in patient Computed Tomography. METHODS A benchmarked dose computation algorithm for scanned ion beams has been parallelized and adapted to run on a GPU architecture. A workstation equipped with a NVIDIA GPU has been interfaced through a National Instruments PXI-crate with the dose delivery system of the Italian National Center of Oncological Hadrontherapy (CNAO) to receive in real-time the measured beam parameters. Data from a patient monitoring system are also collected to associate the respiratory phases with each spot during the delivery of the dose. Using both measured and planned spot properties, RIDOS evaluates during the few seconds of inter-spill time the cumulative delivered and prescribed dose distributions and compares them through a fast γ-index algorithm. RESULTS The accuracy of the GPU-based algorithms was assessed against the CPU-based ones and the differences were found below 1‰. The cumulative planned and delivered doses are computed at the end of each spill in about 300 ms, while the dose comparison takes approximatively 400 ms. The whole operation provides the results before the next spill starts. CONCLUSIONS RIDOS system is able to provide a fast computation of the delivered dose in the inter-spill time of the CNAO facility and allows to monitor online the dose deposition accuracy all along the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Giordanengo
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Via Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - A Vignati
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Via Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - A Attili
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Via Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - M Ciocca
- Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica, Strada Campeggi 53, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - M Donetti
- Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica, Strada Campeggi 53, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - F Fausti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Via Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy; Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - L Manganaro
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Via Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy; Università di Torino, Via Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - F M Milian
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rod Jorge Amado, km 16, 45652900 Ilheus, Brazil; Università di Torino, Via Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - S Molinelli
- Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica, Strada Campeggi 53, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - V Monaco
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Via Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy; Università di Torino, Via Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - G Russo
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Via Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - R Sacchi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Via Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy; Università di Torino, Via Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - M Varasteh Anvar
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Via Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy; Università di Torino, Via Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - R Cirio
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Via Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy; Università di Torino, Via Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
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Ali OH, Sacchi R, Ahmadi Z, Attili A, Cartiglia N, Donetti M, Fausti F, Ferrero M, Giordanengo S, Mandurrino M, Manganaro L, Mazza G, Monaco V, Sola V, Staiano A, Vignati A, Cirio R. 352. Innovative thin silicon detectors for beam monitoring in particle therapy. Phys Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.04.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Manganaro L, Russo G, Bourhaleb F, Fausti F, Giordanengo S, Monaco V, Sacchi R, Vignati A, Cirio R, Attili A. 'Survival': a simulation toolkit introducing a modular approach for radiobiological evaluations in ion beam therapy. Phys Med Biol 2018. [PMID: 29537391 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aab697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
One major rationale for the application of heavy ion beams in tumour therapy is their increased relative biological effectiveness (RBE). The complex dependencies of the RBE on dose, biological endpoint, position in the field etc require the use of biophysical models in treatment planning and clinical analysis. This study aims to introduce a new software, named 'Survival', to facilitate the radiobiological computations needed in ion therapy. The simulation toolkit was written in C++ and it was developed with a modular architecture in order to easily incorporate different radiobiological models. The following models were successfully implemented: the local effect model (LEM, version I, II and III) and variants of the microdosimetric-kinetic model (MKM). Different numerical evaluation approaches were also implemented: Monte Carlo (MC) numerical methods and a set of faster analytical approximations. Among the possible applications, the toolkit was used to reproduce the RBE versus LET for different ions (proton, He, C, O, Ne) and different cell lines (CHO, HSG). Intercomparison between different models (LEM and MKM) and computational approaches (MC and fast approximations) were performed. The developed software could represent an important tool for the evaluation of the biological effectiveness of charged particles in ion beam therapy, in particular when coupled with treatment simulations. Its modular architecture facilitates benchmarking and inter-comparison between different models and evaluation approaches. The code is open source (GPL2 license) and available at https://github.com/batuff/Survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Manganaro
- Physics Department, Università degli studi di Torino (UniTO), Torino, Italy. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy. Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed
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Chiricozzi A, Raimondo A, Lembo S, Fausti F, Dini V, Costanzo A, Monfrecola G, Balato N, Ayala F, Romanelli M, Balato A. Crosstalk between skin inflammation and adipose tissue-derived products: pathogenic evidence linking psoriasis to increased adiposity. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2016; 12:1299-1308. [PMID: 27322922 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2016.1201423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Psoriasis is a chronic skin disorder associated with several comorbid conditions. In psoriasis pathogenesis, the role of some cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-17, has been elucidated. Beside their pro-inflammatory activity, they may also affect glucose and lipid metabolism, possibly promoting insulin resistance and obesity. On the other hand, adipose tissue, secreting adipokines such as chemerin, visfatin, leptin, and adiponectin, not only regulates glucose and lipid metabolism, and endothelial cell function regulation, but it may contribute to inflammation. Areas covered: This review provides an updated 'state-of-the-art' about the reciprocal contribution of a small subset of conventional cytokines and adipokines involved in chronic inflammatory pathways, upregulated in both psoriasis and increased adiposity. A systematic search was conducted using the PubMed Medline database for primary articles. Expert commentary: Because psoriasis is associated with increased adiposity, it would be important to define the contribution of chronic skin inflammation to the onset of obesity and vice versa. Clarifying the pathogenic mechanism underlying this association, a therapeutic strategy having favorable effects on both psoriasis and increased adiposity could be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annunziata Raimondo
- b Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Dermatology , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | - Serena Lembo
- c Department of Medicine and Surgery , University of Salerno , Salerno , Italy
| | - Francesca Fausti
- d Skin Biology Laboratory , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome , Italy
| | - Valentina Dini
- a Department of Dermatology , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Antonio Costanzo
- e Dermatology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Monfrecola
- b Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Dermatology , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | - Nicola Balato
- b Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Dermatology , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | - Fabio Ayala
- b Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Dermatology , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | - Marco Romanelli
- a Department of Dermatology , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Anna Balato
- f Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
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Varasteh Anvar M, Attili A, Ciocca M, Donetti M, Fanola Guarachi L, Fausti F, Giordanengo S, Marchetto F, Molinelli S, Monaco V, Sacchi R, Vignati A, Cirio R. Quality assurance of carbon ion and proton beams: A feasibility study for using the 2D MatriXX detector. Phys Med 2016; 32:831-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2016.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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10
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Costanzo A, Pediconi N, Narcisi A, Guerrieri F, Belloni L, Fausti F, Botti E, Levrero M. TP63 and TP73 in cancer, an unresolved "family" puzzle of complexity, redundancy and hierarchy. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:2590-9. [PMID: 24983500 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
TP53 belongs to a small gene family that includes, in mammals, two additional paralogs, TP63 and TP73. The p63 and p73 proteins are structurally and functionally similar to p53 and their activity as transcription factors is regulated by a wide repertoire of shared and unique post-translational modifications and interactions with regulatory cofactors. p63 and p73 have important functions in embryonic development and differentiation but are also involved in tumor suppression. The biology of p63 and p73 is complex since both TP63 and TP73 genes are transcribed into a variety of different isoforms that give rise to proteins with antagonistic properties, the TA-isoforms that act as tumor-suppressors and DN-isoforms that behave as proto-oncogenes. The p53 family as a whole behaves as a signaling "network" that integrates developmental, metabolic and stress signals to control cell metabolism, differentiation, longevity, proliferation and death. Despite the progress of our knowledge, the unresolved puzzle of complexity, redundancy and hierarchy in the p53 family continues to represent a formidable challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Costanzo
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Natalia Pediconi
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Center for Life Nanosciences (CNLS) - IIT/Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Narcisi
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Guerrieri
- Center for Life Nanosciences (CNLS) - IIT/Sapienza, Rome, Italy; Laboratory of Gene Expression, Department of Internal Medicine (DMISM), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Belloni
- Center for Life Nanosciences (CNLS) - IIT/Sapienza, Rome, Italy; Laboratory of Gene Expression, Department of Internal Medicine (DMISM), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Fausti
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Botti
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Levrero
- Center for Life Nanosciences (CNLS) - IIT/Sapienza, Rome, Italy; Laboratory of Gene Expression, Department of Internal Medicine (DMISM), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
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Abstract
Growth arrest, inhibition of cell proliferation, apoptosis, senescence, and differentiation are the most characterized effects of a given tumor suppressor response. It is becoming increasingly clear that tumor suppression results from the integrated and synergistic activities of different pathways. This implies that tumor suppression includes linear, as well as lateral, crosstalk signaling. The latter may happen through the concomitant involvement of common nodal proteins. Here, we discuss the role of Promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) in functional cross-talks with the HIPPO and the p53 family tumor suppressor pathways. PML, in addition to its own anti-tumor activity, contributes to the assembly of an integrated and superior network that may be necessary for the maximization of the tumor suppressor response to diverse oncogenic insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Strano
- Molecular Chemoprevention Group, Molecular Medicine Area, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute Rome, Italy
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Valenti F, Fausti F, Biagioni F, Shay T, Fontemaggi G, Domany E, Yaffe MB, Strano S, Blandino G, Di Agostino S. Mutant p53 oncogenic functions are sustained by Plk2 kinase through an autoregulatory feedback loop. Cell Cycle 2011; 10:4330-40. [PMID: 22134238 DOI: 10.4161/cc.10.24.18682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of kinases has emerged to be a key event along with tumor progression, maintenance of tumor phenotype and response to anticancer treatments. This study documents the existence of an oncogenic auto-regulatory feedback loop that includes the Polo-like kinase-2 (Snk/Plk2) and mutant p53 proteins. Plk2 protein binds to and phosphorylates mutant p53, thereby potentiating its oncogenic activities. Phosphorylated mutant p53 binds more efficiently to p300 consequently strengthening its own transcriptional activity. Plk2 gene is regulated at a transcriptional level by both wt- and mutant p53 proteins. This leads to growth suppression or enhanced cell proliferation and chemo-resistance, respectively. In turn, the siRNA-mediated knock down of either mutant p53 or Plk2 proteins significantly curtails the growth properties of tumor cells and their chemo-resistance to anticancer treatments. Therefore, this paper identifies a novel tumor network including Plk2 and mutant p53 proteins whose triggering in response to DNA damage might disclose important implications for the treatment of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Valenti
- Translational Oncogenomics Unit, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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Donzelli S, Biagioni F, Fausti F, Strano S, Fontemaggi G, Blandino G. Oncogenomic Approaches in Exploring Gain of Function of Mutant p53. Curr Genomics 2011; 9:200-7. [PMID: 19440517 PMCID: PMC2679646 DOI: 10.2174/138920208784340713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2008] [Revised: 04/09/2008] [Accepted: 04/14/2008] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is caused by the spatial and temporal accumulation of alterations in the genome of a given cell. This leads to the deregulation of key signalling pathways that play a pivotal role in the control of cell proliferation and cell fate. The p53 tumor suppressor gene is the most frequent target in genetic alterations in human cancers. The primary selective advantage of such mutations is the elimination of cellular wild type p53 activity. In addition, many evidences in vitro and in vivo have demonstrated that at least certain mutant forms of p53 may possess a gain of function, whereby they contribute positively to cancer progression. The fine mapping and deciphering of specific cancer phenotypes is taking advantage of molecular-profiling studies based on genome-wide approaches. Currently, high-throughput methods such as array-based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH array), single nucleotide polymorphism array (SNP array), expression arrays and ChIP-on-chip arrays are available to study mutant p53-associated alterations in human cancers. Here we will mainly focus on the integration of the results raised through oncogenomic platforms that aim to shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying mutant p53 gain of function activities and to provide useful information on the molecular stratification of tumor patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Donzelli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, 00158-Rome, Italy
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