1
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Zhang J, Chen A, Xue Z, Liang C. Identification of immune-associated prognostic biomarkers in lung adenocarcinoma on the basis of gene co-expression network. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2022; 45:334-346. [DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2022.2145965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhai Zhang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, Ruian People's Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ange Chen
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, Ruian People's Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhang Xue
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, Ruian People's Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chengzhi Liang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, Ruian People's Hospital, Zhejiang, China
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2
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CDCP1: A promising diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for human cancer. Life Sci 2022; 301:120600. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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3
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Ruth JH, Gurrea-Rubio M, Athukorala KS, Rasmussen SM, Weber DP, Randon PM, Gedert RJ, Lind ME, Amin MA, Campbell PL, Tsou PS, Mao-Draayer Y, Wu Q, Lanigan TM, Keshamouni VG, Singer NG, Lin F, Fox DA. CD6 is a target for cancer immunotherapy. JCI Insight 2021; 6:145662. [PMID: 33497367 PMCID: PMC8021120 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.145662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Limitations of checkpoint inhibitor cancer immunotherapy include induction of autoimmune syndromes and resistance of many cancers. Since CD318, a novel CD6 ligand, is associated with the aggressiveness and metastatic potential of human cancers, we tested the effect of an anti-CD6 monoclonal antibody, UMCD6, on killing of cancer cells by human lymphocytes. UMCD6 augmented killing of breast, lung, and prostate cancer cells through direct effects on both CD8+ T cells and NK cells, increasing cancer cell death and lowering cancer cell survival in vitro more robustly than monoclonal antibody checkpoint inhibitors that interrupt the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis. UMCD6 also augmented in vivo killing by human peripheral blood lymphocytes of a human breast cancer line xenotransplanted into immunodeficient mice. Mechanistically, UMCD6 upregulated the expression of the activating receptor NKG2D and downregulated expression of the inhibitory receptor NKG2A on both NK cells and CD8+ T cells, with concurrent increases in perforin and granzyme B production. The combined capability of an anti-CD6 monoclonal antibody to control autoimmunity through effects on CD4+ lymphocyte differentiation while enhancing killing of cancer cells through distinct effects on CD8+ and NK cells opens a potential new approach to cancer immunotherapy that would suppress rather than instigate autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qi Wu
- Department of Neurology, and
| | | | | | - Nora G Singer
- Case Western Reserve University.,Division of Rheumatology, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Immunity and Inflammation, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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4
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Zhao M, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Yang X, Duan Y, Chen Y, Sun Y. CDCP1-targeted nanoparticles encapsulating phase-shift perfluorohexan for molecular US imaging in vitro. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2020; 80:25-35. [PMID: 33185589 DOI: 10.3233/ch-200900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular targeted contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) imaging is a potential imaging strategy to improve the diagnostic accuracy of conventional ultrasound (US) imaging. US contrast agents are usually micrometer-sized and non-target gas bubbles while nano-sized and targeted agents containing phase-shift materials absorb more attractions for their size and the liquid core and excellent molecular imaging effect. METHODS PLGA12k-mPEG2k-NH2, DSPE-mPEG2k and perfluorohexan (PFH) were used to construct a new targeted ultrasound contrast agent with CUB domain-containing protein 1 (CDCP1) receptor for the detection and diagnosis of prostate cancer. The potential of tumor-targeted nanoparticles (CDCP1-targeted perfluorohexan-loaded phase-transitional nanoparticles, anti-CDCP1 NPs) as contrast agents for ultrasound (US) imaging was assessed in vitro. Moreover, studies on the cytotoxicity and the targeting ability of anti-CDCP1 NPs assisted by US were carried out. RESULTS The results showed that anti-CDCP1 NPs had low cytotoxicity, and with the increasing of polymer concentration in anti-CDCP1 NPs, the CEUS imaging of agent gradually enhanced, and enhanced imaging associated with the length of observing time. Furthermore, it was testified that anti-CDCP1 assisted the agent to target cells expressing CDCP1, which demonstrated the active targeting of anti-CDCP1 NPs in vitro. CONCLUSION All in all, the feasibility of using targeted anti-CDCP1 NPs to enhance ultrasound imaging has been demonstrated in vitro, which laid a solid foundation for molecular US imaging in vivo, and anti-CDCP1 NPs might have a great clinical application prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes,Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunkai Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes,Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xupeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes,Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yourong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes,Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqing Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes,Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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5
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Identification of CD318 (CDCP1) as novel prognostic marker in AML. Ann Hematol 2020; 99:477-486. [PMID: 31965270 PMCID: PMC7060168 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-020-03907-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Genetic and morphological markers are well-established prognostic factors in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, further reliable markers are urgently needed to improve risk stratification in AML. CD318 (CDCP1) is a transmembrane protein which in solid tumors promotes formation of metastasis and correlates with poor survival. Despite its broad expression on hematological precursor cells, its prognostic significance in hematological malignancies so far remains unclear. Here, we evaluated the role of CD318 as novel prognostic marker in AML by immunophenotyping of leukemic blasts. Flow cytometric evaluation of CD318 on leukemic cells in 70 AML patients revealed a substantial expression in 40/70 (57%) of all cases. CD318 surface levels were significantly correlated with overall survival in patients receiving anthracycline-based induction therapy or best available alternative therapy. Using receiver-operating characteristics, we established a cut-off value to define CD318lo and CD318hi expression in both cohorts. Notably, high CD318 expression correlated inversely as prognostic marker in both treatment cohorts: as poor prognostic marker in patients receiving intense therapy, whereas upon palliative care it correlated with better outcome. In conclusion, FACS-based determination of CD318 expression may serve as novel prognostic factor depending on implemented therapy in AML patients.
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6
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Abstract
Epigenetic reprogramming plays a crucial role in the tumorigenicity and maintenance of tumor-specific gene expression that especially occurs through DNA methylation and/or histone modifications. It has well-defined mechanisms. It is known that alterations in the DNA methylation pattern and/or the loss of specific histone acetylation/methylation markers are related to several hallmarks of cancer, such as drug resistance, stemness, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and metastasis. It has also recently been highlighted that epigenetic alterations are critical for the regulation of the stemlike properties of cancer cells (tumor-initiating cells; cancer stem cells). Cancer stem cells are thought to be responsible for the recurrence of cancer which makes the patient return to the clinic with metastatic tumor tissue. Hence, the dysregulation of epigenetic machinery represents potential new therapeutic targets. Therefore, compounds with epigenetic activities have become crucial for developing new therapy regimens (e.g., antimetastatic agents) in the fight against cancer. Here, we review the epigenetic modifiers that have already been used in the clinic and/or in clinical trials, related preclinical studies in cancer therapy, and the smart combination strategies that target cancer stem cells along with the other cancer cells. The emerging role of epitranscriptome (RNA epigenetic) in cancer therapy has also been included in this review as a new avenue and potential target for the better management of cancer-beneficial epigenetic machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remzi Okan Akar
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, İstinye University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Selin Selvi
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, İstinye University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Engin Ulukaya
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, İstinye University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Nazlıhan Aztopal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Literature, İstinye University, İstanbul, Turkey
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7
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Jayaram DT, Kumar A, Kippner LE, Ho PY, Kemp ML, Fan Y, Payne CK. TiO2 nanoparticles generate superoxide and alter gene expression in human lung cells. RSC Adv 2019; 9:25039-25047. [PMID: 35321350 PMCID: PMC8939877 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra04037d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
TiO2 nanoparticles are widely used in consumer products and industrial applications, yet little is understood regarding how the inhalation of these nanoparticles impacts long-term health. This is especially important for the occupational safety of workers who process these materials. We used RNA sequencing to probe changes in gene expression and fluorescence microscopy to image intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human lung cells incubated with low, non-cytotoxic, concentrations of TiO2 nanoparticles. Experiments were designed to measure changes in gene expression following an acute exposure to TiO2 nanoparticles and changes inherited by progeny cells. We observe that TiO2 nanoparticles lead to significant (>2000 differentially expressed genes) changes in gene expression following a 24 hour incubation. Following this acute exposure, the response dissipates with only 34 differentially expressed genes in progeny cells. The progeny cells adapt to this initial exposure, observed when re-challenged with a second acute TiO2 nanoparticle exposure. Accompanying these changes in gene expression is the production of intracellular ROS, specifically superoxide, along with changes in oxidative stress-related genes. These experiments suggest that TiO2 nanoparticles adapt to oxidative stress through transcriptional changes over multiple generations of cells. Human lung cells have a multi-generational response to TiO2 nanoparticle exposure determined by RNA-Seq and fluorescence microscopy.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanya T. Jayaram
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science
- Duke University
- Durham
- USA
| | - Ashwath Kumar
- School of Biological Sciences
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - Linda E. Kippner
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - Po-Yi Ho
- School of Biological Sciences
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - Melissa L. Kemp
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University
- Atlanta
- USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences
| | - Yuhong Fan
- School of Biological Sciences
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences
| | - Christine K. Payne
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science
- Duke University
- Durham
- USA
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8
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Turdo F, Bianchi F, Gasparini P, Sandri M, Sasso M, De Cecco L, Forte L, Casalini P, Aiello P, Sfondrini L, Agresti R, Carcangiu ML, Plantamura I, Sozzi G, Tagliabue E, Campiglio M. CDCP1 is a novel marker of the most aggressive human triple-negative breast cancers. Oncotarget 2018; 7:69649-69665. [PMID: 27626701 PMCID: PMC5342505 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
CDCP1, a transmembrane noncatalytic receptor, the expression of which has been associated with a poor prognosis in certain epithelial cancers, was found to be expressed in highly aggressive triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell models, in which it promoted aggressive activities—ie, migration, invasion, anchorage-independent tumor growth, and the formation of vascular-like structures in vitro. By immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of 100 human TNBC specimens, CDCP1 was overexpressed in 57% of samples, 38% of which exhibited a gain in CDCP1 copy number by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). CDCP1 positivity was significantly associated between FISH and IHC. CDCP1 expression and gains in CDCP1 copy number synergized with nodal (N) status in determining disease-free and distant disease-free survival. The hazard ratios (HRs) of the synergies between CDCP1 positivity by IHC and FISH and lymph node positivity in predicting relapse did not differ significantly, indicating that CDCP1 overexpression in human primary TNBCs, regardless of being driven by gains in CDCP1, is for a critical factor in the progression of N-positive TNBCs. Thus, CDCP1 is a novel marker of the most aggressive N-positive TNBCs and a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Turdo
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Bianchi
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Gasparini
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Sandri
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Marianna Sasso
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Loris De Cecco
- Functional Genomic Core Facility, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Forte
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Patrizia Casalini
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Piera Aiello
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Lucia Sfondrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Agresti
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Breast Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Carcangiu
- Division of Breast Anatomy Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Ilaria Plantamura
- Start-Up Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Sozzi
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Elda Tagliabue
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Manuela Campiglio
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
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9
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Al-Awadhi FH, Salvador LA, Law BK, Paul VJ, Luesch H. Kempopeptin C, a Novel Marine-Derived Serine Protease Inhibitor Targeting Invasive Breast Cancer. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:E290. [PMID: 28926939 PMCID: PMC5618429 DOI: 10.3390/md15090290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Kempopeptin C, a novel chlorinated analogue of kempopeptin B, was discovered from a marine cyanobacterium collected from Kemp Channel in Florida. The structure was elucidated using NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MS). The presence of the basic Lys residue adjacent to the N-terminus of the 3-amino-6-hydroxy-2-piperidone (Ahp) moiety contributed to its selectivity towards trypsin and related proteases. The antiproteolytic activity of kempopeptin C was evaluated against trypsin, plasmin and matriptase and found to inhibit these enzymes with IC50 values of 0.19, 0.36 and 0.28 μM, respectively. Due to the significance of these proteases in cancer progression and metastasis, as well as their functional redundancy with respect to targeting overlapping substrates, we examined the effect of kempopeptin C on the downstream cellular substrates of matriptase: CDCP1 and desmoglein-2 (Dsg-2). Kempopeptin C was shown to inhibit the cleavage of both substrates in vitro. Additionally, kempopeptin C reduced the cleavage of CDCP1 in MDA-MB-231 cells up to 10 µM. The functional relevance of targeting matriptase and related proteases was investigated by assessing the effect of kempopeptin C on the migration of breast cancer cells. Kempopeptin C inhibited the migration of the invasive MDA-MB-231 cells by 37 and 60% at 10 and 20 µM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma H Al-Awadhi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
- Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Lilibeth A Salvador
- Marine Science Institute, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1100, Philippines.
| | - Brian K Law
- Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Valerie J Paul
- Smithsonian Marine Station, 701 Seaway Drive, Fort Pierce, FL 34949, USA.
| | - Hendrik Luesch
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
- Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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10
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Abstract
It has been proposed that CD6, an important regulator of T cells, functions by interacting with its currently identified ligand, CD166, but studies performed during the treatment of autoimmune conditions suggest that the CD6-CD166 interaction might not account for important functions of CD6 in autoimmune diseases. The antigen recognized by mAb 3A11 has been proposed as a new CD6 ligand distinct from CD166, yet the identity of it is hitherto unknown. We have identified this CD6 ligand as CD318, a cell surface protein previously found to be present on various epithelial cells and many tumor cells. We found that, like CD6 knockout (KO) mice, CD318 KO mice are also protected in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. In humans, we found that CD318 is highly expressed in synovial tissues and participates in CD6-dependent adhesion of T cells to synovial fibroblasts. In addition, soluble CD318 is chemoattractive to T cells and levels of soluble CD318 are selectively and significantly elevated in the synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile inflammatory arthritis. These results establish CD318 as a ligand of CD6 and a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis and inflammatory arthritis.
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11
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CDCP1 drives triple-negative breast cancer metastasis through reduction of lipid-droplet abundance and stimulation of fatty acid oxidation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E6556-E6565. [PMID: 28739932 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1703791114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is notoriously aggressive with high metastatic potential, which has recently been linked to high rates of fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Here we report the mechanism of lipid metabolism dysregulation in TNBC through the prometastatic protein, CUB-domain containing protein 1 (CDCP1). We show that a "low-lipid" phenotype is characteristic of breast cancer cells compared with normal breast epithelial cells and negatively correlates with invasiveness in 3D culture. Using coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering and two-photon excited fluorescence microscopy, we show that CDCP1 depletes lipids from cytoplasmic lipid droplets (LDs) through reduced acyl-CoA production and increased lipid utilization in the mitochondria through FAO, fueling oxidative phosphorylation. These findings are supported by CDCP1's interaction with and inhibition of acyl CoA-synthetase ligase (ACSL) activity. Importantly, CDCP1 knockdown increases LD abundance and reduces TNBC 2D migration in vitro, which can be partially rescued by the ACSL inhibitor, Triacsin C. Furthermore, CDCP1 knockdown reduced 3D invasion, which can be rescued by ACSL3 co-knockdown. In vivo, inhibiting CDCP1 activity with an engineered blocking fragment (extracellular portion of cleaved CDCP1) lead to increased LD abundance in primary tumors, decreased metastasis, and increased ACSL activity in two animal models of TNBC. Finally, TNBC lung metastases have lower LD abundance than their corresponding primary tumors, indicating that LD abundance in primary tumor might serve as a prognostic marker for metastatic potential. Our studies have important implications for the development of TNBC therapeutics to specifically block CDCP1-driven FAO and oxidative phosphorylation, which contribute to TNBC migration and metastasis.
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12
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Hu Y, Tang Z, Jiang B, Chen J, Fu Z. miR-198 functions as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer by targeting CUB domain-containing protein 1. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:1753-1760. [PMID: 28454320 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying the dysregulation of microRNAs (miRs) have been previously documented in breast cancer. miR-198 has been reported to be deregulated in several human cancers. However, the detailed effects of miR-198 on breast cancer progression remain unclear. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, we demonstrated in the present study that miR-198 was downregulated in breast cancer tissues and cell lines, and that downregulation of miR-198 was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis. Functional studies revealed that miR-198 inhibited cell proliferation and migration and promoted cell adhesion in aggressive breast cancer cells in vitro. In addition, we observed that CUB domain-containing protein 1 (CDCP1) was a direct target of miR-198, and that knockdown of CDCP1 inhibited cell proliferation and migration, and promoted cell adhesion, which was similar to the effects of overexpression of miR-198. Taken together, we provide evidence to characterize the role of miR-198/CDCP1 interaction in breast cancer, which may be useful in breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingbin Hu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Ziyuan Tang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Bonian Jiang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Juying Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Zhongpin Fu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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13
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O'Brien CM, Chy HS, Zhou Q, Blumenfeld S, Lambshead JW, Liu X, Kie J, Capaldo BD, Chung TL, Adams TE, Phan T, Bentley JD, McKinstry WJ, Oliva K, McMurrick PJ, Wang YC, Rossello FJ, Lindeman GJ, Chen D, Jarde T, Clark AT, Abud HE, Visvader JE, Nefzger CM, Polo JM, Loring JF, Laslett AL. New Monoclonal Antibodies to Defined Cell Surface Proteins on Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2017; 35:626-640. [PMID: 28009074 PMCID: PMC5412944 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The study and application of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) will be enhanced by the availability of well‐characterized monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) detecting cell‐surface epitopes. Here, we report generation of seven new mAbs that detect cell surface proteins present on live and fixed human ES cells (hESCs) and human iPS cells (hiPSCs), confirming our previous prediction that these proteins were present on the cell surface of hPSCs. The mAbs all show a high correlation with POU5F1 (OCT4) expression and other hPSC surface markers (TRA‐160 and SSEA‐4) in hPSC cultures and detect rare OCT4 positive cells in differentiated cell cultures. These mAbs are immunoreactive to cell surface protein epitopes on both primed and naive state hPSCs, providing useful research tools to investigate the cellular mechanisms underlying human pluripotency and states of cellular reprogramming. In addition, we report that subsets of the seven new mAbs are also immunoreactive to human bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), normal human breast subsets and both normal and tumorigenic colorectal cell populations. The mAbs reported here should accelerate the investigation of the nature of pluripotency, and enable development of robust cell separation and tracing technologies to enrich or deplete for hPSCs and other human stem and somatic cell types. Stem Cells2017;35:626–640
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmel M O'Brien
- Clayton and Parkville, CSIRO Manufacturing, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hun S Chy
- Clayton and Parkville, CSIRO Manufacturing, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Qi Zhou
- Clayton and Parkville, CSIRO Manufacturing, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Jack W Lambshead
- Clayton and Parkville, CSIRO Manufacturing, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joshua Kie
- Clayton and Parkville, CSIRO Manufacturing, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bianca D Capaldo
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute (WEHI), Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology
| | - Tung-Liang Chung
- Clayton and Parkville, CSIRO Manufacturing, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Timothy E Adams
- Clayton and Parkville, CSIRO Manufacturing, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tram Phan
- Clayton and Parkville, CSIRO Manufacturing, Victoria, Australia
| | - John D Bentley
- Clayton and Parkville, CSIRO Manufacturing, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Karen Oliva
- Department of Surgery, Cabrini Monash University, Malvern, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul J McMurrick
- Department of Surgery, Cabrini Monash University, Malvern, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yu-Chieh Wang
- Department of Chemical Physiology.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Fernando J Rossello
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Geoffrey J Lindeman
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute (WEHI), Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Di Chen
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Thierry Jarde
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute.,Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amander T Clark
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Helen E Abud
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute
| | - Jane E Visvader
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute (WEHI), Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology
| | - Christian M Nefzger
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jose M Polo
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeanne F Loring
- Department of Chemical Physiology.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Andrew L Laslett
- Clayton and Parkville, CSIRO Manufacturing, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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14
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Dysregulated expression of cell surface glycoprotein CDCP1 in prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:43743-58. [PMID: 26497208 PMCID: PMC4791263 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
CUB-domain-containing protein 1 (CDCP1) is a trans-membrane protein regulator of cell adhesion with a potent pro-migratory function in tumors. Given that proteolytic cleavage of the ectodomain correlates with outside-in oncogenic signaling, we characterized glycosylation in the context of cellular processing and expression of CDCP1 in prostate cancer. We detected 135 kDa full-length and proteolytic processed 70 kDa species in a panel of PCa cell models. The relative expression of full-length CDCP1 correlated with the metastatic potential of syngeneic cell models and an increase in surface membrane expression of CDCP1 was observed in tumor compared to adjacent normal prostate tissues. We demonstrated that glycosylation of CDCP1 is a prerequisite for protein stability and plasma membrane localization, and that the expression level and extent of N-glycosylation of CDCP1 correlated with metastatic status. Interestingly, complex N-linked glycans with sialic acid chains were restricted to the N-terminal half of the ectodomain and absent in the truncated species. Characterization of the extracellular expression of CDCP1 identified novel circulating forms and revealed that extracellular vesicles provide additional processing pathways. Employing immunoaffinity mass spectrometry, we detected elevated levels of circulating CDCP1 in patient urine with high-risk disease. Our results establish that differential glycosylation, cell surface presentation and extracellular expression of CDCP1 are hallmarks of PCa progression.
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15
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Sandercock AM, Rust S, Guillard S, Sachsenmeier KF, Holoweckyj N, Hay C, Flynn M, Huang Q, Yan K, Herpers B, Price LS, Soden J, Freeth J, Jermutus L, Hollingsworth R, Minter R. Identification of anti-tumour biologics using primary tumour models, 3-D phenotypic screening and image-based multi-parametric profiling. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:147. [PMID: 26227951 PMCID: PMC4521473 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0415-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Monolayer cultures of immortalised cell lines are a popular screening tool for novel anti-cancer therapeutics, but these methods can be a poor surrogate for disease states, and there is a need for drug screening platforms which are more predictive of clinical outcome. In this study, we describe a phenotypic antibody screen using three-dimensional cultures of primary cells, and image-based multi-parametric profiling in PC-3 cells, to identify anti-cancer biologics against new therapeutic targets. Methods ScFv Antibodies and designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins) were isolated using phage display selections against primary non-small cell lung carcinoma cells. The selected molecules were screened for anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activity against primary cells grown in three-dimensional culture, and in an ultra-high content screen on a 3-D cultured cell line using multi-parametric profiling to detect treatment-induced phenotypic changes. The targets of molecules of interest were identified using a cell-surface membrane protein array. An anti-CUB domain containing protein 1 (CDCP1) antibody was tested for tumour growth inhibition in a patient-derived xenograft model, generated from a stage-IV non-small cell lung carcinoma, with and without cisplatin. Results Two primary non-small cell lung carcinoma cell models were established for antibody isolation and primary screening in anti-proliferative and apoptosis assays. These assays identified multiple antibodies demonstrating activity in specific culture formats. A subset of the DARPins was profiled in an ultra-high content multi-parametric screen, where 300 morphological features were measured per sample. Machine learning was used to select features to classify treatment responses, then antibodies were characterised based on the phenotypes that they induced. This method co-classified several DARPins that targeted CDCP1 into two sets with different phenotypes. Finally, an anti-CDCP1 antibody significantly enhanced the efficacy of cisplatin in a patient-derived NSCLC xenograft model. Conclusions Phenotypic profiling using complex 3-D cell cultures steers hit selection towards more relevant in vivo phenotypes, and may shed light on subtle mechanistic variations in drug candidates, enabling data-driven decisions for oncology target validation. CDCP1 was identified as a potential target for cisplatin combination therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-015-0415-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven Rust
- MedImmune, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK.
| | | | | | | | - Carl Hay
- MedImmune, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD, 20287, USA.
| | - Matt Flynn
- MedImmune, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD, 20287, USA.
| | - Qihui Huang
- MedImmune, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD, 20287, USA.
| | - Kuan Yan
- OcellO, Leiden BioPartner Center, J. H Oortweg 21, 2333 CH, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Bram Herpers
- OcellO, Leiden BioPartner Center, J. H Oortweg 21, 2333 CH, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Leo S Price
- OcellO, Leiden BioPartner Center, J. H Oortweg 21, 2333 CH, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Jo Soden
- Retrogenix, Crown House, Bingswood Estate, Whaley Bridge, High Peak, SK23 7LY, UK.
| | - Jim Freeth
- Retrogenix, Crown House, Bingswood Estate, Whaley Bridge, High Peak, SK23 7LY, UK.
| | | | | | - Ralph Minter
- MedImmune, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK.
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16
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CUB-domain-containing protein 1 overexpression in solid cancers promotes cancer cell growth by activating Src family kinases. Oncogene 2015; 34:5593-8. [PMID: 25728678 PMCID: PMC4761645 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The transmembrane glycoprotein, CUB (complement C1r/C1s, Uegf, Bmp1) domain-containing protein 1 (CDCP1) is overexpressed in several cancer types and is a predictor of poor prognosis for patients on standard of care therapies. Phosphorylation of CDCP1 tyrosine sites is induced upon loss of cell adhesion and is thought to be linked to metastatic potential of tumor cells. Using a tyrosine-phosphoproteomics screening approach, we characterized the phosphorylation state of CDCP1 across a panel of breast cancer cell lines. We focused on two phospho-tyrosine pTyr peptides of CDCP1, containing Tyr707 and Tyr806, which were identified in all six lines, with the human epidermal growth factor 2-positive HCC1954 cells showing a particularly high phosphorylation level. Pharmacological modulation of tyrosine phosphorylation indicated that, the Src family kinases (SFKs) were found to phosphorylate CDCP1 at Tyr707 and Tyr806 and play a critical role in CDCP1 activity. We demonstrated that CDCP1 overexpression in HEK293 cells increases global phosphotyrosine content, promotes anchorage-independent cell growth and activates several SFK members. Conversely, CDCP1 downregulation in multiple solid cancer cell lines decreased both cell growth and SFK activation. Analysis of primary human tumor samples demonstrated a correlation between CDCP1 expression, SFK and protein kinase C (PKC) activity. Taken together, our results suggest that CDCP1 overexpression could be an interesting therapeutic target in multiple solid cancers and a good biomarker to stratify patients who could benefit from an anti-SFK-targeted therapy. Our data also show that multiple tyrosine phosphorylation sites of CDCP1 are important for the functional regulation of SFKs in several tumor types.
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17
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Shukla S, Meeran SM. Epigenetics of cancer stem cells: Pathways and therapeutics. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:3494-3502. [PMID: 25240776 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic alterations including DNA methylation and histone modifications are the key factors in the differentiation of stem cells into different tissue subtypes. The generation of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in the process of carcinogenesis may also involve similar kind of epigenetic reprogramming where, in contrast, it leads to the loss of expression of genes specific to the differentiated state and regaining of stem cell-specific characteristics. The most important predicament with treatment of cancers includes the non-responsive quiescent CSC. SCOPE OF REVIEW The distinctive capabilities of the CSCs make cancer treatment even more difficult as this population of cells tends to remain quiescent for longer intervals and then gets reactivated leading to tumor relapse. Therefore, the current review is aimed to focus on recent advances in understanding the relation of epigenetic reprogramming to the generation, self-renewal and proliferation of CSCs. MAJOR CONCLUSION CSC-targeted therapeutic approaches would improve the chances of patient survival by reducing the frequency of tumor relapse. Differentiation therapy is an emerging therapeutic approach in which the CSCs are induced to differentiate from their quiescent state to a mature differentiated form, through activation of differentiation-related signalling pathways, miRNA-mediated alteration and epigenetic differentiation therapy. Thus, understanding the origin of CSC and their epigenetic regulation is crucial to develop treatment strategy against not only for the heterogeneous population of cancer cells but also to CSCs. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Characterizing the epigenetic marks of CSCs and the associated signalling cascades might help in developing therapeutic strategies against chemo-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samriddhi Shukla
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Syed Musthapa Meeran
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.
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18
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Chen Z, Pan X, Yao Y, Yan F, Chen L, Huang R, Ma G. Regulation of c-kit+ progenitor cells by stromal cell derived factor-1α in adult murine heart. Heart Lung Circ 2014; 23:75-81. [PMID: 23891309 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2013.05.652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND c-kit-positive cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) have been proven suitable for stem cell therapy. CPCs marker c-kit and its ligand, the stem cell factor (SCF), are associated with the functions of proliferation and differentiation. In our previous study, we found that stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) could enhance the expression of c-kit. However, the mechanism is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS CPCs were isolated from adult mouse hearts, and c-kit-positive CPCs were purified by magnetic-activated c-kit cell sorting magnetic beads. The cells were cultured with SDF-1α, c-kit expression was measured by western blotting and qPCR, the proliferation and migration of cells were measured by CCK-8 and transwell assay, DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) mRNA were measured by qPCR, global DNMT activity was measured by DNMT activity assay kit, and DNA methylation was analysed using Sequenom's MassARRAY platform. Results showed that SDF-1α could enhance the expression of c-kit, which results in the promoting of c-kit-positive CPCs proliferation and migration. SDF-1α stimulation inhibited the expression of DNMT1, DNMT3β, and global DNMT activity, which led to significant demethylation in c-kit-positive CPCs. CONCLUSIONS SDF-1α signalling, via CXCR4 activation, up-regulated c-kit expression by inhibiting DNMT1 and DNMT3β expression and global DNMT activity, and by subsequent demethylation of the c-kit gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongpu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Xiaodong Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Yuyu Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Fengdi Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Genshan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.
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19
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Antibody mediated CDCP1 degradation as mode of action for cancer targeted therapy. Mol Oncol 2013; 7:1142-51. [PMID: 24055141 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2013.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
CUB-domain-containing-protein-1 (CDCP1) is an integral membrane protein whose expression is up-regulated in various cancer types. Although high CDCP1 expression has been correlated with poor prognosis in lung, breast, pancreas, and renal cancer, its functional role in tumor formation or progression is incompletely understood. So far it has remained unclear, whether CDCP1 is a useful target for antibody therapy of cancer and what could be a desired mode of action for a therapeutically useful antibody. To shed light on these questions, we have investigated the cellular effects of a therapeutic antibody candidate (RG7287). In focus formation assays, prolonged RG7287 treatment prevented the loss of contact inhibition caused by co-transformation of NIH3T3 cells with CDCP1 and Src. In a xenograft study, MCF7 cells stably overexpressing CDCP1 reached the predefined tumor volume faster than the parental MCF7 cells lacking endogenous CDCP1. This tumor growth advantage was abolished by RG7287 treatment. In vitro, RG7287 induced rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of CDCP1 by Src, which was accompanied by translocation of CDCP1 to a Triton X-100 insoluble fraction of the plasma membrane. Triggering these effects required bivalency of the antibody suggesting that it involves CDCP1 dimerization or clustering. However, this initial activation of CDCP1 was only transient and prolonged RG7287 treatment induced internalization and down-regulation of CDCP1 in different cancer cell lines. Antibody stimulated CDCP1 degradation required Src activity and was proteasome dependent. Also in three different xenograft models with endogenous CDCP1 expression RG7287 treatment resulted in significant tumor growth inhibition concomitant with substantially reduced CDCP1 levels as judged by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Thus, despite transiently activating CDCP1 signaling, the RG7287 antibody has a therapeutically useful mode of action.
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20
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Chen Z, Pan X, Yao Y, Yan F, Chen L, Huang R, Ma G. Epigenetic regulation of cardiac progenitor cells marker c-kit by stromal cell derived factor-1α. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69134. [PMID: 23894420 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) have been proven suitable for stem cell therapy after myocardial infarction, especially c-kit(+)CPCs. CPCs marker c-kit and its ligand, the stem cell factor (SCF), are linked as c-kit/SCF axis, which is associated with the functions of proliferation and differentiation. In our previous study, we found that stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) could enhance the expression of c-kit. However, the mechanism is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS CPCs were isolated from adult mouse hearts, c-kit(+) and c-kit(-) CPCs were separated by magnetic beads. The cells were cultured with SDF-1α and CXCR4-selective antagonist AMD3100, and c-kit expression was measured by qPCR and Western blotting. Results showed that SDF-1α could enhance c-kit expression of c-kit(+)CPCs, made c-kit(-)CPCs expressing c-kit, and AMD3100 could inhibit the function of SDF-1α. After the intervention of SDF-1α and AMD3100, proliferation and migration of CPCs were measured by CCK-8 and transwell assay. Results showed that SDF-1α could enhance the proliferation and migration of both c-kit(+) and c-kit(-) CPCs, and AMD3100 could inhibit these functions. DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) mRNA were measured by qPCR, DNMT activity was measured using the DNMT activity assay kit, and DNA methylation was analyzed using Sequenom's MassARRAY platform, after the CPCs were cultured with SDF-1α. The results showed that SDF-1α stimulation inhibited the expression of DNMT1 and DNMT3β, which are critical for the maintenance of regional DNA methylation. Global DNMT activity was also inhibited by SDF-1α. Lastly, SDF-1α treatment led to significant demethylation in both c-kit(+) and c-kit(-) CPCs. CONCLUSIONS SDF-1α combined with CXCR4 could up-regulate c-kit expression of c-kit(+)CPCs and make c-kit(-)CPCs expressing c-kit, which result in the CPCs proliferation and migration ability improvement, through the inhibition of DNMT1 and DNMT3β expression and global DNMT activity, as well as the subsequent demethylation of the c-kit gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongpu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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21
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Zhang S, Feng XL, Shi L, Gong CJ, He ZJ, Wu HJ, Ling TY. Genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation in tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2013; 29:1819-26. [PMID: 23446731 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is one of the most common types of oral cancer; however, its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, methylated DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP) coupled with methylation microarray analysis was performed to screen for aberrantly methylated genes in adjacent normal control and TSCC tissues from 9 patients. Roche NimbleGen Human DNA Methylation 385K Promoter Plus CpG Island Arrays were used to detect 28,226 CpG sites. A total of 1,269 hypermethylated CpG sites covering 330 genes and 1,385 hypomethylated CpG sites covering 321 genes were found in TSCC tissue, compared to the adjacent normal tissue. Furthermore, we chose three candidate genes (FBLN1, ITIH5 and RUNX3) and validated the DNA methylation status by methylation-specific PCR (MS-PCR) and the mRNA expression levels by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). In TSCC tissue, FBLN1 and ITIH5 were shown to be hypermethylated and their expression was found to be decreased, and RUNX3 was shown to be hypomethylated, however, its mRNA expression was found to be increased. In addition, another three genes (BCL2L14, CDCP1 and DIRAS3) were tested by RT-PCR. In TSCC tissue, BCL2L14 and CDCP1 expressions were markedly upregulated, and DIRAS3 expression was significantly downregulated. Our data demonstrated that aberrant DNA methylation is observed in TSCC tissue and plays an important role in the tumorigenesis, development and progression of TSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China.
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22
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Spassov DS, Wong CH, Wong SY, Reiter JF, Moasser MM. Trask loss enhances tumorigenic growth by liberating integrin signaling and growth factor receptor cross-talk in unanchored cells. Cancer Res 2012; 73:1168-79. [PMID: 23243018 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-2496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The cell surface glycoprotein Trask/CDCP1 is phosphorylated during anchorage loss in epithelial cells in which it inhibits integrin clustering, outside-in signaling, and cell adhesion. Its role in cancer has been difficult to understand, because of the lack of a discernible pattern in its various alterations in cancer cells. To address this issue, we generated mice lacking Trask function. Mammary tumors driven by the PyMT oncogene and skin tumors driven by the SmoM2 oncogene arose with accelerated kinetics in Trask-deficient mice, establishing a tumor suppressing function for this gene. Mechanistic investigations in mammary tumor cell lines derived from wild-type or Trask-deficient mice revealed a derepression of integrin signaling and an enhancement of integrin-growth factor receptor cross-talk, specifically in unanchored cell states. A similar restrictive link between anchorage and growth in untransformed epithelial cells was observed and disrupted by elimination of Trask. Together our results establish a tumor-suppressing function in Trask that restricts epithelial cell growth to the anchored state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danislav S Spassov
- Department of Medicine, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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23
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Park JJ, Jin YB, Lee YJ, Lee JS, Lee YS, Ko YG, Lee M. KAI1 suppresses HIF-1α and VEGF expression by blocking CDCP1-enhanced Src activation in prostate cancer. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:81. [PMID: 22390300 PMCID: PMC3313899 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background KAI1 was initially identified as a metastasis-suppressor gene in prostate cancer. It is a member of the tetraspan transmembrane superfamily (TM4SF) of membrane glycoproteins. As part of a tetraspanin-enriched microdomain (TEM), KAI1 inhibits tumor metastasis by negative regulation of Src. However, the underlying regulatory mechanism has not yet been fully elucidated. CUB-domain-containing protein 1 (CDCP1), which was previously known as tetraspanin-interacting protein in TEM, promoted metastasis via enhancement of Src activity. To better understand how KAI1 is involved in the negative regulation of Src, we here examined the function of KAI1 in CDCP1-mediated Src kinase activation and the consequences of this process, focusing on HIF-1 α and VEGF expression. Methods We used the human prostate cancer cell line PC3 which was devoid of KAI1 expression. Vector-transfected cells (PC3-GFP clone #8) and KAI1-expressing PC3 clones (PC3-KAI1 clone #5 and #6) were picked after stable transfection with KAI1 cDNA and selection in 800 μg/ml G418. Protein levels were assessed by immunoblotting and VEGF reporter gene activity was measured by assaying luciferase activitiy. We followed tumor growth in vivo and immunohistochemistry was performed for detection of HIF-1, CDCP1, and VHL protein level. Results We demonstrated that Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and VEGF expression were significantly inhibited by restoration of KAI1 in PC3 cells. In response to KAI1 expression, CDCP1-enhanced Src activation was down-regulated and the level of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) protein was significantly increased. In an in vivo xenograft model, KAI1 inhibited the expression of CDCP1 and HIF-1α. Conclusions These novel observations may indicate that KAI1 exerts profound metastasis-suppressor activity in the tumor malignancy process via inhibition of CDCP1-mediated Src activation, followed by VHL-induced HIF-1α degradation and, ultimately, decreased VEGF expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Jin Park
- Division of Radiation Effect, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-Ku, Seoul 139-706, Korea
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24
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Wortmann A, He Y, Christensen ME, Linn M, Lumley JW, Pollock PM, Waterhouse NJ, Hooper JD. Cellular settings mediating Src Substrate switching between focal adhesion kinase tyrosine 861 and CUB-domain-containing protein 1 (CDCP1) tyrosine 734. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:42303-42315. [PMID: 21994943 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.227462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Reciprocal interactions between Src family kinases (SFKs) and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) are critical during changes in cell attachment. Recently it has been recognized that another SFK substrate, CUB-domain-containing protein 1 (CDCP1), is differentially phosphorylated during these events. However, the molecular processes underlying SFK-mediated phosphorylation of CDCP1 are poorly understood. Here we identify a novel mechanism in which FAK tyrosine 861 and CDCP1-Tyr-734 compete as SFK substrates and demonstrate cellular settings in which SFKs switch between these sites. Our results show that stable CDCP1 expression induces robust SFK-mediated phosphorylation of CDCP1-Tyr-734 with concomitant loss of p-FAK-Tyr-861 in adherent HeLa cells. SFK substrate switching in these cells is dependent on the level of expression of CDCP1 and is also dependent on CDCP1-Tyr-734 but is independent of CDCP1-Tyr-743 and -Tyr-762. In HeLa CDCP1 cells, engagement of SFKs with CDCP1 is accompanied by an increase in phosphorylation of Src-Tyr-416 and a change in cell morphology to a fibroblastic appearance dependent on CDCP1-Tyr-734. SFK switching between FAK-Tyr-861 and CDCP1-Tyr-734 also occurs during changes in adhesion of colorectal cancer cell lines endogenously expressing these two proteins. Consistently, increased p-FAK-Tyr-861 levels and a more epithelial morphology are seen in colon cancer SW480 cells silenced for CDCP1. Unlike protein kinase Cδ, FAK does not appear to form a trimeric complex with Src and CDCP1. These data demonstrate novel aspects of the dynamics of SFK-mediated cell signaling that may be relevant during cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Wortmann
- Mater Medical Research Institute, Aubigny Place, Raymond Terrace, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059
| | - Yaowu He
- Mater Medical Research Institute, Aubigny Place, Raymond Terrace, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101
| | - Melinda E Christensen
- Mater Medical Research Institute, Aubigny Place, Raymond Terrace, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101
| | - MayLa Linn
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059
| | - John W Lumley
- Wesley Medical Centre, Auchenflower, Queensland 4066, Australia
| | - Pamela M Pollock
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059
| | - Nigel J Waterhouse
- Mater Medical Research Institute, Aubigny Place, Raymond Terrace, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101
| | - John D Hooper
- Mater Medical Research Institute, Aubigny Place, Raymond Terrace, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101.
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25
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Uekita T, Sakai R. Roles of CUB domain-containing protein 1 signaling in cancer invasion and metastasis. Cancer Sci 2011; 102:1943-8. [PMID: 21812858 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2011.02052.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is a complex multistep process by which cells from the primary tumor invade tissues, move through the vasculature, settle at distant sites and eventually grow to form secondary tumors. Altered tyrosine phosphorylation signals in cancer cells contribute to a number of aberrant characteristics involved in tumor invasion and metastasis. CUB domain-containing protein 1 (CDCP1) is a substrate of Src family kinases and has been shown to regulate anoikis resistance, migration and matrix degradation during tumor invasion and metastasis in a tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent manner. Knockdown of CDCP1 blocks tumor metastasis or peritoneal dissemination in vivo, without significantly affecting cell proliferation. Moreover, expression levels of CDCP1 are of prognostic value in several cancers. Here, we summarize the studies on CDCP1, focusing on structure and signal transduction, to gain insight into its role in cancer progression. Understanding the signaling pathways regulated by CDCP1 could help establish novel therapeutic strategies against the progression of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamasa Uekita
- Division of Metastasis and Invasion Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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Maruschke M, Koczan D, Reuter D, Ziems B, Nizze H, Hakenberg OW, Thiesen HJ. Putative biomarker genes for grading clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Urol Int 2011; 87:205-17. [PMID: 21757870 DOI: 10.1159/000328196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The initial objective of this renal cancer study was to identify gene sets in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) to support grading of ccRCC histopathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS Preselected ccRCC tumor tissues of grade 1 (G1, n = 14) and grade 3 (G3, n = 15) as well es 14 normal kidney tissues thereof were subjected to microarray expression analysis using Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array. Event ratio scoring, hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis were used to determine gene sets that distinguish expression profiles from normal kidney tissue, G1 and G3 tumor tissues. RESULTS An initial set of 73 genes provided seven gene subclusters (SC01 to SC07) that distinguish RNA expression profiles from G1, G3 tumor and normal kidney tissues. A ranked list of 24 genes was determined that separated G1 from G3 tumors in high concordance with histopathological grading confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis of ceruloplasmin protein expression. CONCLUSION A final set of 24 genes has been determined awaiting further validation on the RNA as well as on the protein level by studying an additional cohort of ccRCC patients. A reliable separation of G1 and G3 tumor grades will be instrumental to foster and direct the administration of upcoming targeted therapeutics of ccRCC tumors in a more predictive and reliable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maruschke
- Department of Urology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany. matthias.maruschke @ med.uni-rostock.de
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Abstract
Trask/CDCP1 is a transmembrane glycoprotein widely expressed in epithelial tissues whose functions are just beginning to be understood, but include a role as an anti-adhesive effector of Src kinases. Early studies looking at RNA transcript levels seemed to suggest overexpression in some cancers, but immunostaining studies are now providing more accurate analyses of its expression. In an immuno-histochemical survey of human cancer specimens, we find that Trask expression is retained, reduced or sometimes lost in some tumors compared with their normal epithelial tissue counterparts. A survey of human cancer cell lines also show a similar wide variation in the expression of Trask, including some cell types with the loss of Trask expression, and additional cell types that have lost the physiological detachment-induced phosphorylation of Trask. Three experimental models were established to interrogate the role of Trask in tumor progression, including two gain-of-function models with tet-inducible expression of Trask in tumor cells lacking Trask expression, and one loss-of-function model to suppress Trask expression in tumor cells with abundant Trask expression. The induction of Trask expression and phosphorylation in MCF-7 cells and in 3T3v-src cells was associated with a reduction in tumor metastases while the shRNA-induced knockdown of Trask in L3.6pl cancer cells was associated with increased tumor metastases. The results from these three models are consistent with a tumor-suppressing role for Trask. These data identify Trask as one of several potential candidates for functionally relevant tumor suppressors on the 3p21.3 region of the genome frequently lost in human cancers.
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28
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Spassov DS, Ahuja D, Wong CH, Moasser MM. The structural features of Trask that mediate its anti-adhesive functions. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19154. [PMID: 21559459 PMCID: PMC3084758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Trask/CDCP1 is a transmembrane protein with a large extracellular and small intracellular domains. The intracellular domain (ICD) undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation by Src kinases during anchorage loss and, when phosphorylated, Trask functions to inhibit cell adhesion. The extracellular domain (ECD) undergoes proteolytic cleavage by serine proteases, although the functional significance of this remains unknown. There is conflicting evidence regarding whether it functions to signal the phosphorylation of the ICD. To better define the structural determinants that mediate the anti-adhesive functions of Trask, we generated a series of deletion mutants of Trask and expressed them in tet-inducible cell models to define the structural elements involved in cell adhesion signaling. We find that the ECD is dispensable for the phosphorylation of the ICD or for the inhibition of cell adhesion. The anti-adhesive functions of Trask are entirely embodied within its ICD and are specifically due to tyrosine phosphorylation of the ICD as this function is completely lost in a phosphorylation-defective tyrosine-phenylalanine mutant. Both full length and cleaved ECDs are fully capable of phosphorylation and undergo phosphorylation during anchorage loss and cleavage is not an upstream signal for ICD phosphorylation. These data establish that the anti-adhesive functions of Trask are mediated entirely through its tyrosine phosphorylation. It remains to be defined what role, if any, the Trask ECD plays in its adhesion functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danislav S. Spassov
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Deepika Ahuja
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ching Hang Wong
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Mark M. Moasser
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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29
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He Y, Wortmann A, Burke LJ, Reid JC, Adams MN, Abdul-Jabbar I, Quigley JP, Leduc R, Kirchhofer D, Hooper JD. Proteolysis-induced N-terminal ectodomain shedding of the integral membrane glycoprotein CUB domain-containing protein 1 (CDCP1) is accompanied by tyrosine phosphorylation of its C-terminal domain and recruitment of Src and PKCdelta. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:26162-73. [PMID: 20551327 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.096453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
CUB-domain-containing protein 1 (CDCP1) is an integral membrane glycoprotein with potential as a marker and therapeutic target for a number of cancers. Here we examine mechanisms regulating cellular processing of CDCP1. By analyzing cell lines exclusively passaged non-enzymatically and through use of a panel of protease inhibitors, we demonstrate that full-length 135 kDa CDCP1 is post-translationally processed in a range of cell lines by a mechanism involving serine protease activity, generating a C-terminal 70-kDa fragment. Immunopurification and N-terminal sequencing of this cell-retained fragment and detailed mutagenesis, show that proteolytic processing of CDCP1 occurs at two sites, Arg-368 and Lys-369. We show that the serine protease matriptase is an efficient, but not essential, cellular processor of CDCP1 at Arg-368. Importantly, we also demonstrate that proteolysis induces tyrosine phosphorylation of 70-kDa CDCP1 and recruitment of Src and PKCdelta to this fragment. In addition, Western blot and mass spectroscopy analyses show that an N-terminal 65-kDa CDCP1 ectodomain is shed intact from the cell surface. These data provide new insights into mechanisms regulating CDCP1 and suggest that the biological role of this protein and, potentially, its function in cancer, may be mediated by both 70-kDa cell retained and 65-kDa shed fragments, as well as the full-length 135-kDa protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaowu He
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia
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30
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Takeda H, Fujimori Y, Kai S, Ogawa H, Nakano T. CD318/CUB-domain-containing protein 1 expression on cord blood hematopoietic progenitors. Exp Ther Med 2010; 1:497-501. [PMID: 22993567 DOI: 10.3892/etm_00000078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 03/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
CUB-domain-containing protein 1 (CDCP1)/CD318 is a single transmembrane molecule highly expressed in colorectal cancer and leukemia. It has also been shown to be expressed in hematopoietic progenitor cells. In this study, we analyzed the expression of CD318 on cord blood hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Cord blood mononuclear cells were depleted of mature blood cell linage (Lin)-positive cells and then Lin-negative cells were sorted by flow cytometry based on the expression of CD34 and CD318. Analysis of sorted cells by colony-forming assay showed that CD34(+)CD318(+) cells produced more mixed colony forming units and erythroid burst forming unit-derived colonies than CD34(+)CD318(-) cells. These colonies were also produced by CD34(-)CD318(+) and CD34(-)CD318(-) cells, but were generally fewer in number. When sorted cells were cultured on a monolayer of human mesenchymal stem cells, CD34(+)CD318(+) cells proliferated more abundantly than CD34(+)CD318(-) cells, while CD34(-)CD318(+) and CD34(-)CD318(-) cells failed to proliferate. Transplantation of CD34(+)CD318(+) cells into non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient disease (NOD/SCID) mice resulted in efficient reconstitution of human cells, indicating that CD34(+)CD318(+) cells possess strong SCID-repopulating cell activity. These findings suggest that the co-expression of CD34 and CD318 identifies the immature character of hematopoietic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Takeda
- Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences
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31
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Fukuchi K, Steiniger SCJ, Deryugina E, Liu Y, Lowery CA, Gloeckner C, Zhou B, Kaufmann GF, Quigley JP, Janda KD. Inhibition of tumor metastasis: functional immune modulation of the CUB domain containing protein 1. Mol Pharm 2010; 7:245-53. [PMID: 19916495 DOI: 10.1021/mp900236t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant progress and notable successes in tumor therapy, malignant disease remains an extremely difficult problem in today's health care setting. There is, however, an increasing application of new therapies targeting proteins specifically upregulated on tumor cells. These innovative therapeutic approaches are aimed at molecules that contribute to malignant development and progression but spare normal tissues. The CUB domain containing protein 1 (CDCP1) is such a tumor-associated protein and, thus, a potential candidate for targeted cancer immunotherapy. Herein, we describe the generation of function-blocking human antibodies against CDCP1 that were obtained from human scFv phage display libraries using subtractive panning protocols on CDCP1 expressing cancer cells and immunopurified CDCP1 protein. One of the isolated anti-CDCP1 antibodies, namely, C20Fc, efficiently blocked experimental metastasis of human carcinoma cells, including HeLa cells stably transfected with CDCP1 and prostate carcinoma cells PC-hi/diss naturally expressing CDCP1, in both chick embryo and mouse model systems. The C20Fc antibody also reduced colony formation of CDCP1 expressing cells in a soft agar assay for anchorage-independent cell growth. Specific targeting of CDCP1 by C20Fc mediated the delivery of a toxin-conjugated antibody complex, thus, providing evidence for antibody internalization and specific killing of CDCP1-positive tumor cells. Our findings indicate a functional role for CDCP1 in human cancer and underscore the therapeutic potential of function-blocking anti-CDCP1 antibodies targeting both primary and metastatic carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Fukuchi
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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32
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Wortmann A, He Y, Deryugina EI, Quigley JP, Hooper JD. The cell surface glycoprotein CDCP1 in cancer--insights, opportunities, and challenges. IUBMB Life 2009; 61:723-30. [PMID: 19514048 DOI: 10.1002/iub.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In the last few years dysregulated expression of the cell surface glycoprotein CUB domain-containing protein 1 (CDCP1) has been associated with several cancers and this cell surface molecule has been recognized both as a tumor marker and as a potential target to disrupt progression of cancer. Here we summarize what is known about CDCP1 including its structural features, expression in normal and cancerous tissues, and the in vitro experiments and studies in animal models that have provided the key insights into its potential role in tumor formation and metastasis in humans. We conclude by highlighting opportunities and challenges in targeting CDCP1 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Wortmann
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Life Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
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33
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Ikeda JI, Oda T, Inoue M, Uekita T, Sakai R, Okumura M, Aozasa K, Morii E. Expression of CUB domain containing protein (CDCP1) is correlated with prognosis and survival of patients with adenocarcinoma of lung. Cancer Sci 2009; 100:429-33. [PMID: 19077003 PMCID: PMC11158370 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2008.01066.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
CUB domain containing protein (CDCP1), a transmembrane protein with intracellular tyrosine residues which are phosphorylated upon activation, is supposed to be engaged in proliferative activities and resistance to apoptosis of cancer cells. Expression level of CDCP1 was examined in lung adenocarcinoma, and its clinical implications were evaluated. CDCP1 expression was immunohistochemically examined in lung adenocarcinoma from 200 patients. Staining intensity of cancer cells was categorized as low and high in cases with tumor cells showing no or weak and strong membrane staining, respectively. MIB-1 labeling index was also examined. There were 113 males and 87 females with median age of 63 years. Stage of disease was stage I in 144 cases (72.0%), II in 19 (9.5%), and III in 37 (18.5%). Sixty of 200 cases (30.0%) were categorized as CDCP1-high, and the remaining as CDCP1-low. Significant positive correlation was observed between CDCP1-high expression and relapse rate (P < 0.0001), poor prognosis (P < 0.0001), MIB-1 labeling index (P < 0.0001), and occurrence of lymph node metastasis (P = 0.0086). There was a statistically significant difference in disease-free survival (DFS) (P < 0.0001) and overall survival (OS) rates (P < 0.0001) between patients with CDCP1-high and CDCP1-low tumors. Univariate analysis showed that lymph node status, tumor stage, and CDCP1 expression were significant factors for both OS and DFS. Multivariate analysis revealed that only CDCP1 expression was an independent prognostic factor for both OS and DFS. CDCP1 expression level is a useful marker for prediction of patients with lung adenocarcinoma
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-ichiro Ikeda
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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34
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Hinshelwood RA, Clark SJ. Breast cancer epigenetics: normal human mammary epithelial cells as a model system. J Mol Med (Berl) 2008; 86:1315-28. [PMID: 18716754 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-008-0386-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2008] [Revised: 06/17/2008] [Accepted: 06/25/2008] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
DNA hypermethylation and histone modifications are two critical players involved in epigenetic regulation and together play an important role in silencing tumor-suppressor genes in all cancers, including breast cancer. One of the major challenges facing breast cancer researchers is the problem of how to identify critical genes that are epigenetically silenced early in cancer initiation as these genes provide potential early diagnostic and/or therapeutic targets for breast cancer management. This review will focus on compelling evidence that normal Human Mammary Epithelial Cells (HMECs) that escape senescence in culture mimic genetic and epigenetic events occurring in early breast cancer, and provide a valuable system to delineate the early steps in epigenetic deregulation that often occur during transition of a normal breast cell to a premalignant cell. In particular, this model system has been used to investigate the relationship between gene silencing, DNA methylation, histone modifications, and polycomb association that may occur early in oncogenic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Hinshelwood
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
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35
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Siva AC, Wild MA, Kirkland RE, Nolan MJ, Lin B, Maruyama T, Yantiri-Wernimont F, Frederickson S, Bowdish KS, Xin H. Targeting CUB domain-containing protein 1 with a monoclonal antibody inhibits metastasis in a prostate cancer model. Cancer Res 2008; 68:3759-66. [PMID: 18483259 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-1657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Through a whole-cell panning approach, we previously identified a panel of antibodies that bound to prostate cancer cell surface antigens. One such antigen, CUB domain-containing protein 1 (CDCP1), was recognized by monoclonal antibody 25A11 and is a single transmembrane molecule highly expressed in several metastatic cancers as well as on CD34(+)CD133(+) myeloid leukemic blast cells. We show CDCP1 expression on prostate cancer cell lines by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry and on prostate cancer patient samples by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemical staining. In cell-based assays, antibody 25A11 inhibited prostate cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro. Further characterization showed that CDCP1 is internalized on antibody binding. When 25A11 was coupled to the cytotoxin saporin either directly or via a secondary antibody, both resulted in prostate cancer cell killing in vitro. In vivo targeting studies with an anti-CDCP1 immunotoxin showed significant inhibition of primary tumor growth as well as metastasis in a mouse xenograft model. These data provide support for continued evaluation of anti-CDCP1 therapy for potential use in cancer in primary and metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amara C Siva
- Alexion Antibody Technologies, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
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36
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Awakura Y, Nakamura E, Takahashi T, Kotani H, Mikami Y, Kadowaki T, Myoumoto A, Akiyama H, Ito N, Kamoto T, Manabe T, Nobumasa H, Tsujimoto G, Ogawa O. Microarray-based identification of CUB-domain containing protein 1 as a potential prognostic marker in conventional renal cell carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2008; 134:1363-9. [PMID: 18483744 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-008-0412-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2008] [Accepted: 04/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is characterized by a variable and unpredictable clinical course. Thus, accurate prediction of the prognosis is important in clinical settings. We conducted microarray-based study to identify a novel prognostic marker in conventional RCC. PATIENTS AND METHODS The present study included the patients surgically treated at Kyoto University Hospital. Gene expression profiling of 39 samples was carried out to select candidate prognostic markers. Quantitative real-time PCR of 65 samples confirmed the microarray experiment results. Finally, we evaluated the significance of potential markers at their protein expression level by immunohistochemically analyzing 230 conventional RCC patients. RESULTS Using expression profiling analysis, we identified 14 candidate genes whose expression levels predicted unfavorable disease-specific survival. Next, we examined the expression levels of nine candidate genes by quantitative real-time PCR and selected CUB-domain containing protein 1 (CDCP1) for further immunohistochemical analysis. Positive staining for CDCP1 inversely correlated with disease-specific and recurrence-free survivals. In multivariate analysis including clinical/pathological factors, CDCP1 staining was a significant predictor of disease-specific and recurrence-free survivals. CONCLUSIONS We identified CDCP1 as a potential prognostic marker for conventional RCC. Further studies might be required to confirm the prognostic value of CDCP1 and to understand its function in RCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Awakura
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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37
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Alvares SM, Dunn CA, Brown TA, Wayner EE, Carter WG. The role of membrane microdomains in transmembrane signaling through the epithelial glycoprotein Gp140/CDCP1. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2008; 1780:486-96. [PMID: 18269919 PMCID: PMC4975934 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2008.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2007] [Revised: 01/10/2008] [Accepted: 01/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM) via integrin adhesion receptors initiates signaling cascades leading to changes in cell behavior. While integrin clustering is necessary to initiate cell attachment to the matrix, additional membrane components are necessary to mediate the transmembrane signals and the cell adhesion response that alter downstream cell behavior. Many of these signaling components reside in glycosphingolipid-rich and cholesterol-rich membrane domains such as Tetraspanin Enriched Microdomains (TEMs)/Glycosynapse 3 and Detergent-Resistant Microdomains (DRMs), also known as lipid rafts. In the following article, we will review examples of how components in these membrane microdomains modulate integrin adhesion after initial attachment to the ECM. Additionally, we will present data on a novel adhesion-responsive transmembrane glycoprotein Gp140/CUB Domain Containing Protein 1, which clusters in epithelial cell-cell contacts. Gp140 can then be phosphorylated by Src Family Kinases at tyrosine 734 in response to outside-in signals-possibly through interactions involving the extracellular CUB domains. Data presented here suggests that outside-in signals through Gp140 in cell-cell contacts assemble membrane clusters that associate with membrane microdomains to recruit and activate SFKs. Active SFKs then mediate phosphorylation of Gp140, SFK and PKCdelta with Gp140 acting as a transmembrane scaffold for these kinases. We propose that the clustering of Gp140 and signaling components in membrane microdomains in cell-cell contacts contributes to changes in cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy M. Alvares
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Washington, N.E. Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Clarence A. Dunn
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109
- Dept. of Pathobiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Tod A. Brown
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109
| | | | - William G. Carter
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109
- Dept. of Pathobiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
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38
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Perry SE, Robinson P, Melcher A, Quirke P, Bühring HJ, Cook GP, Blair GE. Expression of the CUB domain containing protein 1 (CDCP1) gene in colorectal tumour cells. FEBS Lett 2007; 581:1137-42. [PMID: 17335815 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2006] [Accepted: 02/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Expression of CUB domain containing protein 1 (CDCP1) is upregulated in carcinoma cells. We quantitated CDCP1 gene expression in matched normal colon and tumour tissue and compared the level of expression to other genes upregulated in colorectal tumourigenesis. Furthermore, we show that the CDCP1 gene generates two transcripts which are co-expressed in normal and matched tumour tissue as well as in the majority of cell lines analysed. However, intracellular localisation studies revealed that only one of these transcripts encodes a protein that is localised to the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Perry
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Garstang Building, Room 8.10a, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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