1
|
Kobayashi K, Hanai N, Yoshimoto S, Saito Y, Homma A. Current topics and management of head and neck sarcomas. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2023; 53:743-756. [PMID: 37309253 PMCID: PMC10533342 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyad048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the low incidence, variety of histological types, and heterogeneous biological features of head and neck sarcomas, there is limited high-quality evidence available to head and neck oncologists. For resectable sarcomas, surgical resection followed by radiotherapy is the principle of local treatment, and perioperative chemotherapy is considered for chemotherapy-sensitive sarcomas. They often originate in anatomical border areas such as the skull base and mediastinum, and they require a multidisciplinary treatment approach considering functional and cosmetic impairment. Moreover, head and neck sarcomas may exhibit different behaviour and characteristics than sarcomas of other areas. In recent years, the molecular biological features of sarcomas have been used for the pathological diagnosis and development of novel agents. This review describes the historical background and recent topics that head and neck oncologists should know about this rare tumour from the following five perspectives: (i) epidemiology and general characteristics of head and neck sarcomas; (ii) changes in histopathological diagnosis in the genomic era; (iii) current standard treatment by histological type and clinical questions specific to head and neck; (iv) new drugs for advanced and metastatic soft tissue sarcomas; and (v) proton and carbon ion radiotherapy for head and neck sarcomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenya Kobayashi
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tokyo, Tokyo
| | - Nobuhiro Hanai
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya
| | - Seiichi Yoshimoto
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo
| | - Yuki Saito
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tokyo, Tokyo
| | - Akihiro Homma
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang H, Zhang F, Sun S, Li H, Li L, Xu H, Wang J, Shao M, Li C, Wang H, Pei J, Niu J, Yuan G, Lyu F. Brushite-coated Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr alloy promotes the osteogenesis of vertebral laminae through IGF2/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 152:213505. [PMID: 37327764 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable magnesium (Mg) alloys have been extensively investigated in orthopedic implants due to their suitable mechanical strength and high biocompatibility. However, no studies have reported whether Mg alloys can be used to repair lamina defects, and the biological mechanisms regulating osteogenesis are not fully understood. The present study developed a lamina reconstruction device using our patented biodegradable Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr alloy (JDBM), and brushite (CaHPO4·2H2O, Dicalcium phosphate dihydrate, DCPD) coating was developed on the implant. Through in vitro and in vivo experiments, we evaluated the degradation behavior and biocompatibility of DCPD-JDBM. In addition, we explored the potential molecular mechanisms by which it regulates osteogenesis. In vitro, ion release and cytotoxicity tests revealed that DCPD-JDBM had better corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. We found that DCPD-JDBM extracts could promote MC3T3-E1 osteogenic differentiation via the IGF2/PI3K/AKT pathway. The lamina reconstruction device was implanted on a rat lumbar lamina defect model. Radiographic and histological analysis showed that DCPD-JDBM accelerated the repair of rat lamina defects and exhibited lower degradation rate compared to uncoated JDBM. Immunohistochemical and qRT-PCR results showed that DCPD-JDBM promoted osteogenesis in rat laminae via IGF2/PI3K/AKT pathway. This study shows that DCPD-JDBM is a promising biodegradable Mg-based material with great potential for clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyuan Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiwei Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linli Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haocheng Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minghao Shao
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyan Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongli Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Pei
- National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialin Niu
- National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangyin Yuan
- National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feizhou Lyu
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Afacan MY, Ayoglu N, Ozsahin MK, Botanlioglu H. A Case of Malignant Myxofibrosarcoma With Hypoglycemia Attacks. Cureus 2023; 15:e38387. [PMID: 37265904 PMCID: PMC10231523 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Myxofibrosarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal tumor and a fibroblastic sarcoma of the elderly. Myxofibrosarcoma can be low-grade or high-grade depending on the cell characteristics. Wide surgical resection with or without radiotherapy and chemotherapy is the basis of its treatment. Sometimes, tumor cells secrete insulin or insulin-like substances and cause hypoglycemia attacks. Here, we intend to demonstrate the role of early surgery to end hypoglycemia attacks and prevent recurrence and metastases. We also intend to show the insufficiency of tru-cut biopsy to distinguish between low- and high-grade myxofibrosarcoma. An 82-year-old male patient visited our clinic with a rapidly growing giant mass in the left retroscapular area and suffered from hypoglycemic attacks several times a day. After imaging and initial biopsy, the tumor grade was indeterminate on histopathological examination; hence, the mass was removed surgically. The pathological examination resulted in high-grade myxofibrosarcoma whereas the initial biopsy could not elaborate on the grade. The hypoglycemia attacks ceased after the surgery. Adjuvant local radiotherapy at a total dose of 60 Gy was administered in 30 fractions to the surgery area with no complications after the surgery. No new mass, recurrence, or hypoglycemia attack was detected in the three-year follow-up. In conclusion, hypoglycemia attacks may be a marker of malignant tumor presence and may be a clue at the beginning and in the follow-up period both for recurrence and the aggressiveness of the tumoral mass. Because a biopsy may show the diagnosis but not the grade of the tumor, early surgical intervention is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Yusuf Afacan
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, TUR
| | - Nuri Ayoglu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, TUR
| | - Mahmut Kursat Ozsahin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, TUR
| | - Huseyin Botanlioglu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, TUR
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Isoyama S, Tamaki N, Noguchi Y, Okamura M, Yoshimatsu Y, Kondo T, Suzuki T, Yaguchi SI, Dan S. Subtype-selective induction of apoptosis in translocation-related sarcoma cells induced by PUMA and BIM upon treatment with pan-PI3K inhibitors. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:169. [PMID: 36849535 PMCID: PMC9971170 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05690-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Translocation-related sarcomas (TRSs) harbor an oncogenic fusion gene generated by chromosome translocation and account for approximately one-third of all sarcomas; however, effective targeted therapies have yet to be established. We previously reported that a pan-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, ZSTK474, was effective for the treatment of sarcomas in a phase I clinical trial. We also demonstrated the efficacy of ZSTK474 in a preclinical model, particularly in cell lines from synovial sarcoma (SS), Ewing's sarcoma (ES) and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS), all of which harbor chromosomal translocations. ZSTK474 selectively induced apoptosis in all these sarcoma cell lines, although the precise mechanism underlying the induction of apoptosis remained unclear. In the present study, we aimed to determine the antitumor effect of PI3K inhibitors, particularly with regards to the induction of apoptosis, against various TRS subtypes using cell lines and patient-derived cells (PDCs). All of the cell lines derived from SS (six), ES (two) and ARMS (one) underwent apoptosis accompanied by the cleavage of poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. We also observed apoptotic progression in PDCs from SS, ES and clear cell sarcoma (CCS). Transcriptional analyses revealed that PI3K inhibitors triggered the induction of PUMA and BIM and the knockdown of these genes by RNA interference efficiently suppressed apoptosis, suggesting their functional involvement in the progression of apoptosis. In contrast, TRS-derived cell lines/PDCs from alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS), CIC-DUX4 sarcoma and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans failed to undergo apoptosis nor induce PUMA and BIM expression, as well as cell lines derived from non-TRSs and carcinomas. Thus, we conclude that PI3K inhibitors induce apoptosis in selective TRSs such as ES and SS via the induction of PUMA and BIM and the subsequent loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. This represents proof of concept for PI3K-targeted therapy, particularly such TRS patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sho Isoyama
- grid.410807.a0000 0001 0037 4131Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550 Japan
| | - Naomi Tamaki
- grid.410807.a0000 0001 0037 4131Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550 Japan
| | - Yutaka Noguchi
- grid.410807.a0000 0001 0037 4131Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550 Japan
| | - Mutsumi Okamura
- grid.410807.a0000 0001 0037 4131Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550 Japan
| | - Yuki Yoshimatsu
- grid.420115.30000 0004 0378 8729Department of Patient-derived Cancer Model, Tochigi Cancer Center, 4-9-13 Yohnan, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 320-0834 Japan ,grid.272242.30000 0001 2168 5385Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045 Japan
| | - Tadashi Kondo
- grid.272242.30000 0001 2168 5385Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045 Japan
| | - Takeshi Suzuki
- grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329Division of Functional Genomics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192 Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Yaguchi
- grid.410807.a0000 0001 0037 4131Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550 Japan ,OHARA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 36F St. Luke’s Tower, 8-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-6591 Japan
| | - Shingo Dan
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen C, Shi Q, Xu J, Ren T, Huang Y, Guo W. Current progress and open challenges for applying tyrosine kinase inhibitors in osteosarcoma. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:488. [PMID: 36509754 PMCID: PMC9744866 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01252-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a mesenchymal-origin tumor that constitutes the most common primary malignant bone tumor. The survival rate of the patients has significantly improved since the introduction of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and extensive resection, but it has stagnated in recent 40 years. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have played a key part in the treatment of malignant tumors. In advanced OS, TKIs including anlotinib, apatinib, sorafenib, etc. have significantly improved the progression-free survival of patients, while the overall survival remains unchanged. The main reason is the rapid and inevitable progress of acquired drug resistance of OS. However, as the application of TKIs in OS and other tumors is still in the exploratory phase, its drug resistance mechanism and corresponding solutions are rarely reported. Hence, in this review, we summarize knowledge of the applications of TKIs, the mechanism of TKIs resistance, and the attempts to overcome TKIs resistance in OS, which are the three potentially novel insights of TKIs in OS. Because most evidence is derived from studies using animal and cell models, we also reviewed clinical trials and related bioinformatics data available in public databases, which partially improved our understanding of TKIs applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Chen
- grid.414360.40000 0004 0605 7104Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.411634.50000 0004 0632 4559Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qianyu Shi
- grid.411634.50000 0004 0632 4559Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.411634.50000 0004 0632 4559Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiuhui Xu
- grid.411634.50000 0004 0632 4559Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.411634.50000 0004 0632 4559Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Ren
- grid.411634.50000 0004 0632 4559Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.411634.50000 0004 0632 4559Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Huang
- grid.411634.50000 0004 0632 4559Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.411634.50000 0004 0632 4559Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Guo
- grid.411634.50000 0004 0632 4559Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.411634.50000 0004 0632 4559Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Díaz ECG, Lee AG, Sayles LC, Feria C, Sweet-Cordero EA, Yang F. A 3D Osteosarcoma Model with Bone-Mimicking Cues Reveals a Critical Role of Bone Mineral and Informs Drug Discovery. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200768. [PMID: 35767377 PMCID: PMC10162498 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is an aggressive bone cancer for which survival has not improved over three decades. While biomaterials have been widely used to engineer 3D soft-tissue tumor models, the potential of engineering 3D biomaterials-based OS models for comprehensive interrogation of OS pathology and drug discovery remains untapped. Bone is characterized by high mineral content, yet the role of bone mineral in OS progression and drug response remains unknown. Here, a microribbon-based OS model with bone-mimicking compositions is developed to elucidate the role of 3D culture and hydroxyapatite in OS signaling and drug response. The results reveal that hydroxyapatite in 3D is critical to support retention of OS signaling and drug resistance similar to patient tissues and mouse orthotopic tumors. The physiological relevance of this 3D model is validated using four established OS cell lines, seven patient-derived xenograft (PDX) cell lines and two animal models. Integrating 3D OS PDX models with RNA-sequencing identified 3D-specific druggable target, which predicts drug response in mouse orthotopic model. These results establish microribbon-based 3D OS models as a novel experimental tool to enable discovery of novel therapeutics that would be otherwise missed with 2D model and may serve as platforms to study patient-specific OS heterogeneity and drug resistance mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex G. Lee
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94143, USA
| | - Leanne C. Sayles
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94143, USA
| | - Criselle Feria
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - E. Alejandro Sweet-Cordero
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94143, USA
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Taylor AM, Sun JM, Yu A, Voicu H, Shen J, Barkauskas DA, Triche TJ, Gastier-Foster JM, Man TK, Lau CC. Integrated DNA Copy Number and Expression Profiling Identifies IGF1R as a Prognostic Biomarker in Pediatric Osteosarcoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23148036. [PMID: 35887382 PMCID: PMC9319262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23148036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a primary malignant bone tumor arising from bone-forming mesenchymal cells in children and adolescents. Despite efforts to understand the biology of the disease and identify novel therapeutics, the survival of osteosarcoma patients remains dismal. We have concurrently profiled the copy number and gene expression of 226 osteosarcoma samples as part of the Strategic Partnering to Evaluate Cancer Signatures (SPECS) initiative. Our results demonstrate the heterogeneous landscape of osteosarcoma in younger populations by showing the presence of genome-wide copy number abnormalities occurring both recurrently among samples and in a high frequency. Insulin growth factor receptor 1 (IGF1R) is a receptor tyrosine kinase which binds IGF1 and IGF2 to activate downstream pathways involved in cell apoptosis and proliferation. We identify prevalent amplification of IGF1R corresponding with increased gene expression in patients with poor survival outcomes. Our results substantiate previously tenuously associated copy number abnormalities identified in smaller datasets (13q34+, 20p13+, 4q35-, 20q13.33-), and indicate the significance of high fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) expression in distinguishing patients with poor prognosis. FGFR2 is involved in cellular proliferation processes such as division, growth and angiogenesis. In summary, our findings demonstrate the prognostic significance of several genes associated with osteosarcoma pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M. Taylor
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.M.S.); (A.Y.); (J.S.); (T.-K.M.)
- Program of Quantitative & Computational Biosciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jiayi M. Sun
- Department of Pediatrics-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.M.S.); (A.Y.); (J.S.); (T.-K.M.)
- Program of Quantitative & Computational Biosciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alexander Yu
- Department of Pediatrics-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.M.S.); (A.Y.); (J.S.); (T.-K.M.)
| | - Horatiu Voicu
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center-Bioinformatics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Jianhe Shen
- Department of Pediatrics-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.M.S.); (A.Y.); (J.S.); (T.-K.M.)
| | - Donald A. Barkauskas
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA;
| | - Timothy J. Triche
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA;
| | | | - Tsz-Kwong Man
- Department of Pediatrics-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.M.S.); (A.Y.); (J.S.); (T.-K.M.)
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center-Bioinformatics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Ching C. Lau
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.M.S.); (A.Y.); (J.S.); (T.-K.M.)
- Program of Quantitative & Computational Biosciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center-Bioinformatics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Cancer and Hematology Center, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-207-288-6000
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Doi T, Kuboki Y, Naito Y, Ishida M, Tanaka T, Takeuchi Y. A phase 1 trial of xentuzumab, an IGF-neutralizing antibody, in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors. Cancer Sci 2021; 113:1010-1017. [PMID: 34870878 PMCID: PMC8898728 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Xentuzumab is an insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) ligand‐neutralizing antibody. This phase 1 trial assessed xentuzumab in Japanese patients with solid tumors. Patients aged ≥20 y old with solid tumors that were refractory or not amenable to standard therapy were enrolled. Patients received xentuzumab intravenously at a starting dose of 750 mg/wk. Dose escalation used a 3 + 3 design with dose de‐escalation. The primary endpoint was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of xentuzumab. Safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and anti‐tumor activity were also assessed. Fifteen patients received xentuzumab in the dose escalation part (750 mg/wk [n = 6]; 1000 mg/wk [n = 3]; 1400 mg/wk [n = 6]). There were no dose‐limiting toxicities at any dose; the MTD of xentuzumab was not reached. Xentuzumab 1000 mg/wk was recommended as the relevant biological dose. Six further patients received xentuzumab 1000 mg/wk in an expansion cohort. Of 21 patients, 13 (61.9%) experienced a drug‐related adverse event, most commonly fatigue (23.8%), neutropenia (19.0%), diarrhea, nausea, white blood cell count decrease, and muscle spasms (14.3% each). No relevant deviations from dose linearity of xentuzumab exposure were observed during dose escalation. Total IGF‐1 and IGF‐2 levels increased and bioactive IGF levels decreased from baseline to 24 h after the first infusion in cycle 1. Partial response was observed in 2 (9.5%) patients with desmoid‐type fibromatosis. Disease control was achieved in 6 (28.6%) patients (median duration 42.4 mo). Xentuzumab monotherapy was well tolerated in Japanese patients and showed evidence of anti‐tumor activity. This study was registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02145741).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Doi
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Yasutoshi Kuboki
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Yoichi Naito
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fernandes I, Melo-Alvim C, Lopes-Brás R, Esperança-Martins M, Costa L. Osteosarcoma Pathogenesis Leads the Way to New Target Treatments. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E813. [PMID: 33467481 PMCID: PMC7831017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a rare condition with very poor prognosis in a metastatic setting. Basic research has enabled a better understanding of OS pathogenesis and the discovery of new potential therapeutic targets. Phase I and II clinical trials are already ongoing, with some promising results for these patients. This article reviews OS pathogenesis and new potential therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Fernandes
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, 1600 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.M.-A.); (R.L.-B.); (M.E.-M.); (L.C.)
- Luís Costa Lab, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1600 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cecília Melo-Alvim
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, 1600 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.M.-A.); (R.L.-B.); (M.E.-M.); (L.C.)
| | - Raquel Lopes-Brás
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, 1600 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.M.-A.); (R.L.-B.); (M.E.-M.); (L.C.)
| | - Miguel Esperança-Martins
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, 1600 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.M.-A.); (R.L.-B.); (M.E.-M.); (L.C.)
- Luís Costa Lab, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1600 Lisbon, Portugal
- Sérgio Dias Lab, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1600 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís Costa
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, 1600 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.M.-A.); (R.L.-B.); (M.E.-M.); (L.C.)
- Luís Costa Lab, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1600 Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tang Y, Wu J, Zhang Y, Ju L, Qu X, Jiang D. Magnetic transfection with superparamagnetic chitosan-loaded IGFBP 5 nanoparticles and their in vitro biosafety. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:201331. [PMID: 33614075 PMCID: PMC7890493 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.201331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We prepared the superparamagnetic chitosan nanoparticles (SPCIONPs) to study the application of them as gene vectors using a magnetic transfection system for the targeted treatment of lung metastasis of osteosarcoma. The SPCIONPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, superconducting quantum interference device and atomic force microscopy. Their biosafety was determined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) and live-dead staining assays. The transfection in vitro was detected by laser confocal microscopy. SPCIONPs, which can bind closely to plasmids and protect them from DNA enzyme degradation, were prepared with an average particle size of approximately 22 nm and zeta potential of 11.3 mV. The results of the CCK8 and live-dead staining assays showed that superparamagnetic chitosan nanoparticles loaded with insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5 (SPCIONPs/pIGFBP5) induced no significant cytotoxicity compared to the control group. The result of transfection in vitro suggested that pIGFBP5 emitted a greater amount of red fluorescence in the SPCIONPs/pIGFBP5 group than that in the chitosan-loaded IGFBP5 (CS/pIGFBP5) group. In conclusion, the prepared SPCIONPs had good biosafety and could be effectively used to transfer pIGFBP5 into 143B cells, and they thus have good application prospects for the treatment of lung metastasis of osteosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Tang
- Department of Traumatic Joint Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (General Hospital), No 1 Shuanghu Road, Yubei District, Chongqing 401120, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthopedics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Biomaterials, 136# Zhongshan 2 road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400014, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No 1 Medicine Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Biomaterials, 136# Zhongshan 2 road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Biomaterials, 136# Zhongshan 2 road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingpeng Ju
- Department of Orthopedics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Biomaterials, 136# Zhongshan 2 road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyang Qu
- Department of Orthopedics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Biomaterials, 136# Zhongshan 2 road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Dianming Jiang
- Department of Traumatic Joint Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (General Hospital), No 1 Shuanghu Road, Yubei District, Chongqing 401120, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No 1 Medicine Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yamasaki H, Itawaki A, Morita M, Miyake H, Yamamoto M, Sonoyama H, Tanaka S, Notsu M, Yamauchi M, Fujii Y, Ishikawa N, Fukuda I, Ishihara S, Kanasaki K. A case of insulin-like growth factor 2-producing gastrointestinal stromal tumor with severe hypoglycemia. BMC Endocr Disord 2020; 20:60. [PMID: 32393233 PMCID: PMC7216505 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-020-0529-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-islet cell tumor hypoglycemia (NICTH) is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome that secretes incompletely processed high molecular weight insulin growth factor 2 (big-IGF2), which results in stimulation of the insulin receptor and subsequently induces hypoglycemia. Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a common intestinal mesenchymal neoplasm of the gastrointestinal tract. The most frequent site of GIST is the stomach; NICTH induced by IGF2-producing stomach GISTs is rare. CASE PRESENTATION An 84-year-old man was admitted to the hospital due to impaired consciousness (JCS II-10) in the morning. At the time of admission, his serum glucose was 44 mg/dL; his consciousness was restored with 20 ml of 50% glucose. To avoid hypoglycemia, a continuous intravenous infusion of glucose as well as dietary intervention was required. At the time of hypoglycemia, the levels of insulin and C-peptide were suppressed. Additionally, IGF1 levels were below the normal range. Abdominal computed tomography revealed that he had a large lobulated mass (116 × 70 × 72 mm) around the gastric corpus. Pathological analysis of biopsy specimens identified disarray of spindle cells and positivity for c-kit as well as strong positivity for DOG-1. Further analysis revealed high levels of Ki-67 (Mib-1 index: 15.5%) and mitotic index (7/50HPF); the tumor was diagnosed as high-risk GIST, and complete surgical resection was performed. Hypoglycemia resolved immediately after tumor resection. The resected tumor specimen was positive for IGF2 staining, and big-IGF2 (11-18 kDa) was detected in preoperative serum and tumor samples; the patient was diagnosed with NICTH due to an IGF2-producing tumor. CONCLUSIONS NICTH is rare in GIST of the stomach; however, the large GIST could produce big-IGF2 and subsequently cause severe hypoglycemia, requiring prompt evaluation and complete tumor resection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Yamasaki
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1, Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Ayako Itawaki
- Department of Internal Medicine 2, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1, Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Miwa Morita
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1, Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan.
| | - Hitomi Miyake
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1, Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamamoto
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1, Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sonoyama
- Department of Internal Medicine 2, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1, Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Sayuri Tanaka
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1, Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Masakazu Notsu
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1, Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Mika Yamauchi
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1, Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Yusuke Fujii
- Department of Digestive and General Surgery, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1, Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Noriyoshi Ishikawa
- Department of surgical pathology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1, Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Izumi Fukuda
- Division of diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-15, sendagi, bunkyo-ku, 113-8603, Japan
| | - Shunji Ishihara
- Department of Internal Medicine 2, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1, Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Keizo Kanasaki
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1, Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
- Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xie H, Mao JS, Hu WF. Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF1) Pathway Member Polymorphisms Are Associated with Risk and Prognosis of Chondrosarcoma. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e923853. [PMID: 32314747 PMCID: PMC7191966 DOI: 10.12659/msm.923853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) pathway is deeply involved in cell proliferation, including tumorigenesis. Aberrant genetic alterations of IGF1 pathway members were revealed in certain malignancies, including chondrosarcoma (CHS). We proposed that genetic polymorphisms in IGF1 pathways might be associated with susceptibility to tumorigenesis and prognosis of CHS in Chinese populations. Material/Methods We recruited 112 pathologically diagnosed CHS cases and 104 cancer-free controls in this study. There were 5 single-nucleotide polymorphisms of IGF1 pathway members (IGF1R rs2016347, IGF1 rs1520220, IGF1 rs2946834, IGF3BP3 rs2270628, and IGF2 rs4320932) genotyped that subsequently underwent bioinformatic analyses. DNA from validated CHS cases was extracted from frozen blood samples preserved in liquid nitrogen, while DNA from tumor-free controls was extracted from fresh blood. SNP genotyping was conducted by PCR. Results The variant T allele of IGF1R (rs2016347) is potentially correlated with poor outcome in patients with conventional CHS. The GT and TT genotypes of IGF1R rs2016347 predicted statistically significant higher risk of tumor metastasis and higher histological grade of CHS. Conclusions We hypothesized that IGF1 member polymorphisms are associated with chondrosarcoma. We found that genetic polymorphisms in IGF1 pathway members are associated with elevated risk and poor prognosis of conventional CHS patients in Chinese populations. IGF1R rs2016347 polymorphisms were associated with the risk of lung metastasis of CHS. The IGF1 pathway members do not appear to be involved in the tumorigenesis of CHS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Jian-Shu Mao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Wei-Feng Hu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Schott C, Shah AT, Sweet-Cordero EA. Genomic Complexity of Osteosarcoma and Its Implication for Preclinical and Clinical Targeted Therapies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1258:1-19. [PMID: 32767231 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-43085-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a genomically complex disease characterized by few recurrent single-nucleotide mutations or in-frame fusions. In contrast, structural alterations, including copy number changes, chromothripsis, kataegis, loss of heterozygosity (LOH), and other large-scale genomic alterations, are frequent and widespread across the osteosarcoma genome. These observed structural alterations lead to activation of oncogenes and loss of tumor suppressors which together contribute to oncogenesis. To date, few targeted therapies for osteosarcoma have been identified. It is likely that effectiveness of targeted therapies will vary greatly in subsets of tumors with distinct key driver events. Model systems which can recapitulate the genetic heterogeneity of this disease are needed to test this hypothesis. One possible approach is to use patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models characterized with regards to their similarity to the human tumor samples from which they were derived. Here we review evidence pointing to the genomic complexity of osteosarcoma and how this is reflected in available model systems. We also review the current state of preclinical testing for targeted therapies using these models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Schott
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Avanthi Tayi Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - E Alejandro Sweet-Cordero
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
The PTEN Tumor Suppressor Gene in Soft Tissue Sarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081169. [PMID: 31416195 PMCID: PMC6721622 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is a rare malignancy of mesenchymal origin classified into more than 50 different subtypes with distinct clinical and pathologic features. Despite the poor prognosis in the majority of patients, only modest improvements in treatment strategies have been achieved, largely due to the rarity and heterogeneity of these tumors. Therefore, the discovery of new prognostic and predictive biomarkers, together with new therapeutic targets, is of enormous interest. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a well-known tumor suppressor that commonly loses its function via mutation, deletion, transcriptional silencing, or protein instability, and is frequently downregulated in distinct sarcoma subtypes. The loss of PTEN function has consequent alterations in important pathways implicated in cell proliferation, survival, migration, and genomic stability. PTEN can also interact with other tumor suppressors and oncogenic signaling pathways that have important implications for the pathogenesis in certain STSs. The aim of the present review is to summarize the biological significance of PTEN in STS and its potential role in the development of new therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
|
15
|
De Giovanni C, Nanni P, Landuzzi L, Ianzano ML, Nicoletti G, Croci S, Palladini A, Lollini PL. Immune targeting of autocrine IGF2 hampers rhabdomyosarcoma growth and metastasis. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:126. [PMID: 30732578 PMCID: PMC6367747 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5339-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin-like Growth Factor Receptor-1 (IGF1R) system sustains the genesis of rhabdomyosarcoma through IGF2 autocrine overexpression. While several IGF1R-targeted strategies have been investigated to interphere with rhabdomyosarcoma growth, no attempt to neutralize IGF2 has been reported. We therefore studied the possibility to hamper rhabdomyosarcoma growth with passive and active immune approaches targeting IGF2. Methods A murine model developing IGF2-overexpressing pelvic rhabdomyosarcoma, along with IGF2-independent salivary carcinoma, was used to investigate the efficacy and specificity of passive anti-IGFs antibody treatment. Active vaccinations with electroporated DNA plasmids encoding murine or human IGF2 were performed to elicit autochthonous anti-IGF2 antibodies. Vaccinated mice received the intravenous injection of rhabdomyosarcoma cells to study the effects of anti-IGF2 antibodies against developing metastases. Results Passive administration of antibodies neutralizing IGFs delayed the onset of IGF2-overexpressing rhabdomyosarcoma but not of IGF2-independent salivary carcinoma. A DNA vaccine against murine IGF2 did not elicit antibodies, even when combined with Treg-depletion, while a DNA vaccine encoding the human IGF2 gene elicited antibodies crossreacting with murine IGF2. Mice with anti-IGF2 antibodies were partially protected against the metastatic growth of IGF2-addicted rhabdomyosarcoma cells. Conclusions Immune targeting of autocrine IGF2 inhibited rhabdomyosarcoma genesis and metastatic growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla De Giovanni
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Viale Filopanti 22, I-40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Nanni
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Viale Filopanti 22, I-40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorena Landuzzi
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marianna L Ianzano
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Viale Filopanti 22, I-40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giordano Nicoletti
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Croci
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Viale Filopanti 22, I-40126, Bologna, Italy.,Present address: Unit of Clinical Immunology, Allergy and Advanced Biotechnologies, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Arianna Palladini
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Viale Filopanti 22, I-40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pier-Luigi Lollini
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Viale Filopanti 22, I-40126, Bologna, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ahearn TU, Peisch S, Pettersson A, Ebot EM, Zhou CK, Graff RE, Sinnott JA, Fazli L, Judson GL, Bismar TA, Rider JR, Gerke T, Chan JM, Fiorentino M, Flavin R, Sesso HD, Finn S, Giovannucci EL, Gleave M, Loda M, Li Z, Pollak M, Mucci LA. Expression of IGF/insulin receptor in prostate cancer tissue and progression to lethal disease. Carcinogenesis 2018; 39:1431-1437. [PMID: 30165429 PMCID: PMC6314328 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is consistently associated with prostate cancer risk. IGF-1 binds to IGF-1 receptor (IGF1R) and insulin receptor (IR), activating cancer hallmark pathways. Experimental evidence suggests that TMPRSS2:ERG may interact with IGF/insulin signaling to influence progression. We investigated IGF1R and IR expression and its association with lethal prostate cancer among 769 men. Protein expression of IGF1R, IR and ERG (i.e. a surrogate of ERG fusion genes) were assayed by immunohistochemistry. Cox models estimated hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusted for clinical characteristics. Among patients, 29% had strong tumor IGF1R expression and 10% had strong IR expression. During a mean follow-up of 13.2 years through 2012, 80 men (11%) developed lethal disease. Tumors with strong IGF1R or IR expression showed increased cell proliferation, decreased apoptosis and a higher prevalence of ERG. In multivariable models, strong IGF1R was associated with a borderline increased risk of lethal prostate cancer (HR 1.7; 95% CI 0.9-3.1). The association appeared greater in ERG-positive tumors (HR 2.8; 95% CI 0.9-8.4) than in ERG-negative tumors (HR 1.3; 95% CI 0.6-3.0, p-heterogeneity 0.08). There was no association between IR and lethal prostate cancer (HR 0.8; 95% CI 0.4-1.9). These results suggest that tumor IGF1R expression may play a role in prostate cancer progression to a lethal phenotype and that ERG-positive tumors may be more sensitive to IGF signaling. These data may improve our understanding of IGF signaling in prostate cancer and suggest therapeutic options for disease subtypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas U Ahearn
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sam Peisch
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andreas Pettersson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ericka M Ebot
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cindy Ke Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca E Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer A Sinnott
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ladan Fazli
- Vancouver Prostate Center, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gregory L Judson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tarek A Bismar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary and Calgary Laboratory Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jennifer R Rider
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Travis Gerke
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - June M Chan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Richard Flavin
- Department of Histopathology Research, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Howard D Sesso
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Divisions of Preventive Medicine and Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen Finn
- Department of Histopathology Research, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin Gleave
- Vancouver Prostate Center, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhe Li
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Pollak
- Cancer Prevention Research Unit, Departments of Medicine and Oncology, Lady Davis Research Institute of the Jewish General Hospital and McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Van Arsdale AR, Arend RC, Cossio MJ, Erickson BK, Wang Y, Doo DW, Leath CA, Goldberg GL, Huang GS. Insulin-like growth factor 2: a poor prognostic biomarker linked to racial disparity in women with uterine carcinosarcoma. Cancer Med 2018; 7:616-625. [PMID: 29455465 PMCID: PMC5852335 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship of insulin‐like growth factor 2 (IGF2) expression and survival in women with uterine carcinosarcoma (UCS). Insulin‐like growth factor 2 protein expression was determined by immunohistochemical staining of tumor tissues from 103 patients with UCS. The H‐score (product of staining intensity and percentage positive cells) was quantified for the epithelial cytoplasmic (EC), epithelial nuclear (EN), and malignant stromal compartments. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to examine the relationship of IGF2 levels with progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Adjusting for stage, race, and adjuvant therapy, PFS and OS were reduced in patients with high IGF2 (H‐score ≥ median) in the EC and EN compartments. Black race was independently associated with reduced PFS and OS in patients with early‐stage disease, and IGF2 levels in the EC were higher in black than in white patients (P = 0.02, Wilcoxon test). In a race‐stratified multivariable analysis, high IGF2 in the epithelial compartments more than doubled the risk of death in black women; HR = 2.43 (95% CI: 1.18–5.01, P = 0.02) for high IGF2 in the EC; and HR = 2.34 (95% CI: 1.25–4.39, P = 0.008) for high IGF2 in the EN. In conclusion, high tumor IGF2 expression is an independent risk factor for reduced PFS and OS in UCS. Black women have elevated tumor IGF2 compared with white women, and decreased survival associated with high IGF2. These findings identify IGF2 as a candidate biomarker for survival linked to racial disparity in women with UCS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne R Van Arsdale
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | | | - Maria J Cossio
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | | | - Yanhua Wang
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - David W Doo
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | - Gary L Goldberg
- Northwell Health and Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York
| | - Gloria S Huang
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mao J, Zhuang G, Chen Z. Genetic Polymorphisms of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Are Associated with Osteosarcoma Risk and Prognosis. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:5892-5898. [PMID: 29232358 PMCID: PMC5735675 DOI: 10.12659/msm.908004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) gene plays an important role in bone and soft tumors. IGF-1 gene polymorphisms have been revealed to be correlated with the carcinogenesis and progression of solid malignancies. We therefore hypothesized that IGF-1 genetic polymorphisms might be associated with the risks and outcomes of osteosarcomas in Chinese individuals. Material/Methods This study included 173 conventional osteosarcoma individuals and 175 tumor-free controls. Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IGF-1 (rs6214, rs6218, rs35767, rs5742612, and rs5742714) were genotyped. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and analyzed for SNP genotyping using PCR. Results We found that rs6218 had a predictive role for the susceptibility and progression of osteosarcoma. The presence of TC and CC genotypes of rs6218 indicated higher risk of osteosarcoma. In addition, rs6218 TC and CC genotypes were discovered to be associated with later stage and elevated risk of osteosarcoma metastasis. Conclusions IGF-1 polymorphisms are potential prognostic predictors of osteosarcoma susceptibility and outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianshui Mao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Genying Zhuang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Zhikang Chen
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cassinelli G, Dal Bo L, Favini E, Cominetti D, Pozzi S, Tortoreto M, De Cesare M, Lecis D, Scanziani E, Minoli L, Naggi A, Vlodavsky I, Zaffaroni N, Lanzi C. Supersulfated low-molecular weight heparin synergizes with IGF1R/IR inhibitor to suppress synovial sarcoma growth and metastases. Cancer Lett 2017; 415:187-197. [PMID: 29225052 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Synovial sarcoma (SS) is an aggressive tumor with propensity for lung metastases which significantly impact patients' prognosis. New therapeutic approaches are needed to improve treatment outcome. Targeting the heparanase/heparan sulfate proteoglycan system by heparin derivatives which act as heparanase inhibitors/heparan sulfate mimetics is emerging as a therapeutic approach that can sensitize the tumor response to chemotherapy. We investigated the therapeutic potential of a supersulfated low molecular weight heparin (ssLMWH) in preclinical models of SS. ssLMWH showed a potent anti-heparanase activity, dose-dependently inhibited SS colony growth and cell invasion, and downregulated the activation of receptor tyrosine kinases including IGF1R and IR. The combination of ssLMWH and the IGF1R/IR inhibitor BMS754807 synergistically inhibited proliferation of cells exhibiting IGF1R hyperactivation, also abrogating cell motility and promoting apoptosis in association with PI3K/AKT pathway inhibition. The drug combination strongly enhanced the antitumor effect against the CME-1 model, as compared to single agent treatment, abrogating orthotopic tumor growth and significantly repressing spontaneous lung metastatic dissemination in treated mice. These findings provide a strong preclinical rationale for developing drug regimens combining heparanase inhibitors/HS mimetics with IGF1R antagonists for treatment of metastatic SS.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Drug Synergism
- Glucuronidase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Glucuronidase/metabolism
- Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight/administration & dosage
- Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight/metabolism
- Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight/pharmacology
- Humans
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasm Metastasis
- Pyrazoles/administration & dosage
- Pyrazoles/pharmacology
- Receptor, IGF Type 1
- Receptors, Somatomedin/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Somatomedin/metabolism
- Sarcoma, Synovial/drug therapy
- Sarcoma, Synovial/metabolism
- Sarcoma, Synovial/pathology
- Sulfates
- Triazines/administration & dosage
- Triazines/pharmacology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Cassinelli
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Laura Dal Bo
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Enrica Favini
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Denis Cominetti
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Sabina Pozzi
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Tortoreto
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Michelandrea De Cesare
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Lecis
- Research Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Eugenio Scanziani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy; Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory, Fondazione Filarete, Viale Ortles 22/4, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Minoli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy; Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory, Fondazione Filarete, Viale Ortles 22/4, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Annamaria Naggi
- G. Ronzoni Institute for Chemical and Biochemical Research, Via G. Colombo 81, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Israel Vlodavsky
- Cancer and Vascular Biology Research Center, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, P.O. Box 9649, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Nadia Zaffaroni
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Lanzi
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bleloch JS, Ballim RD, Kimani S, Parkes J, Panieri E, Willmer T, Prince S. Managing sarcoma: where have we come from and where are we going? Ther Adv Med Oncol 2017; 9:637-659. [PMID: 28974986 PMCID: PMC5613860 DOI: 10.1177/1758834017728927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms of mesenchymal origin. Approximately 80% arise from soft tissue and 20% originate from bone. To date more than 100 sarcoma subtypes have been identified and they vary in molecular characteristics, pathology, clinical presentation and response to treatment. While sarcomas represent <1% of adult cancers, they account for approximately 21% of paediatric malignancies and thus pose some of the greatest risks of mortality and morbidity in children and young adults. Metastases occur in one-third of all patients and approximately 10-20% of sarcomas recur locally. Surgery in combination with preoperative and postoperative therapies is the primary treatment for localized sarcoma tumours and is the most promising curative possibility. Metastasized sarcomas, on the other hand, are treated primarily with single-agent or combination chemotherapy, but this rarely leads to a complete and robust response and often becomes a palliative form of treatment. The heterogeneity of sarcomas results in variable responses to current generalized treatment strategies. In light of this and the lack of curative strategies for metastatic and unresectable sarcomas, there is a need for novel subtype-specific treatment strategies. With the more recent understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of some of these tumours, the treatment of sarcoma subtypes with targeted therapies is a rapidly evolving field. This review discusses the current management of sarcomas as well as promising new therapies that are currently underway in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenna S Bleloch
- Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Reyna D Ballim
- Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Serah Kimani
- Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jeannette Parkes
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Eugenio Panieri
- Department of Surgery, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tarryn Willmer
- Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sharon Prince
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tarnowski M, Tkacz M, Zgutka K, Bujak J, Kopytko P, Pawlik A. Picropodophyllin (PPP) is a potent rhabdomyosarcoma growth inhibitor both in vitro and in vivo. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:532. [PMID: 28793874 PMCID: PMC5550998 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3495-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin-like growth factors and insulin are important factors promoting cancer growth and metastasis. The molecules act through IGF1 (IGF1R) and insulin (InsR) receptors. Rhambodmyosarcomas (RMS) overproduce IGF2 – a potent ligand for IGF1R and, at the same time, highly express IGF1 receptor. The purpose of the study was to evaluate possible application of picropodophyllin (PPP) – a potent IGF1R inhibitor. Methods In our study we used a number of in vitro assays showing influence of IGF1R blockage on RMS cell lines (both ARMS and ERMS) proliferation, migration, adhesion, cell cycling and signal transduction pathways. Additionally, we tested possible concomitant application of PPP with commonly used chemotherapeutics (vincristine, actinomycin-D and cisplatin). Moreover, we performed an in vivo study where PPP was injected intraperitoneally into RMS tumor bearing SCID mice. Results We observed that PPP strongly inhibits RMS proliferation, chemotaxis and adhesion. What is more, application of the IGF1R inhibitor attenuates MAPK phosphorylation and cause cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase. PPP increases sensitivity of RMS cell lines to chemotherapy, specifically to vincristine and cisplatin. In our in vivo studies we noted that mice treated with PPP grew smaller tumors and displayed significantly decreased seeding into bone marrow. Conclusions The cyclolignan PPP effectively inhibits RMS tumor proliferation and metastasis in vitro and in an animal model. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-017-3495-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Tarnowski
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Marta Tkacz
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Zgutka
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Joanna Bujak
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Patrycja Kopytko
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Schmid C, Ghirlanda C, Niessen M. Prevention of tumour cell apoptosis associated with sustained protein kinase B phosphorylation is more sensitive to regulation by insulin signalling than stimulation of proliferation and extracellular signal-regulated kinase. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 432:41-54. [PMID: 28316059 PMCID: PMC5532423 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-2996-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Insulin controls blood glucose while insulin-like growth factor (IGF) 1 is an important growth factor. Interestingly, both hormones have overlapping bioactivities and can activate the same intracellular signal transduction cascades. Growth control (mainly by IGF1) and metabolic function (predominantly by insulin) are believed to depend on activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) 1/2 and protein kinase B (Akt/PKB), respectively. Therefore, insulin analogues that are used to normalize blood glucose are tested for their ability to preferentially activate Akt/PKB but not ERK1/2 and mitogenesis. Growth hormone, IGF1, and hyperinsulinemia are associated with increased risk of growth progression of some cancer types. To test if continuous exposure to insulin can favour tumour growth, we studied insulin/IGF1-dependent activation of ERK1/2 and Akt/PKB by Western blotting, inhibition of apoptosis by ELISA, and induction of proliferation by [3H]-thymidine incorporation in Saos-2/B10 osteosarcoma cells. IGF1 and insulin both induced proliferation and prevented apoptosis effectively. Regulation of apoptosis was far more sensitive than regulation of proliferation. IGF1 and insulin activated PKB (Akt/PKB) rapidly and consistently maintained its phosphorylation. Activation of ERK1/2 was only observed in response to IGF1. Loss of p-Akt/PKB (but not of p-ERK1/2) was associated with increased apoptosis, and protection from apoptosis was lost when activation of Akt/PKB was inhibited. These findings in Saos-2/B10 cells were also replicated in the A549 cell line, originally derived from a human lung carcinoma. Therefore, IGF1 and insulin more likely (at lower concentrations) enhance tumour cell survival than proliferation, via activation and maintenance of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity and p-Akt/PKB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Schmid
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital of Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Claudia Ghirlanda
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital of Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Niessen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital of Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.,Competence Centre for Systems Physiology and Metabolic Diseases, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Armakolas N, Armakolas A, Antonopoulos A, Dimakakos A, Stathaki M, Koutsilieris M. The role of the IGF-1 Ec in myoskeletal system and osteosarcoma pathophysiology. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 108:137-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
24
|
Ratajczak MZ, Suszynska M, Kucia M. Does it make sense to target one tumor cell chemotactic factor or its receptor when several chemotactic axes are involved in metastasis of the same cancer? Clin Transl Med 2016; 5:28. [PMID: 27510263 PMCID: PMC4980325 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-016-0113-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The major problem with cancer progression and anti-cancer therapy is the inherent ability of cancer cells to migrate and establish distant metastases. This ability to metastasize correlates with the presence in a growing tumor of cells with a more malignant phenotype, which express certain cancer stem cell markers. The propensity of malignant cells to migrate and their resistance to radio-chemotherapy somewhat mimics the properties of normal developmentally early stem cells that migrate during organogenesis in the developing embryo. In the past, several factors, including cell migration-promoting cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, bioactive lipids, extracellular nucleotides, and even H(+) ions, were found to influence the metastasis of cancer cells. This plethora of pro-migratory factors demonstrates the existence of significant redundancy in the chemoattractants for cancer cells. In spite of this obvious fact, significant research effort has been dedicated to demonstrating the crucial involvement of particular pro-metastatic factor-receptor axes and the development of new drugs targeting one receptor or one chemoattractant. Based on our own experience working with a model of metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma as well as the work of others, in this review we conclude that targeting a single receptor-ligand pro-metastatic axis will not effectively prevent metastasis and that we should seek other more effective therapeutic options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Z Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 500 S. Floyd Street, Rm. 107, Louisville, KY 40202, USA. .,Department of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Malwina Suszynska
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 500 S. Floyd Street, Rm. 107, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.,Department of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magda Kucia
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 500 S. Floyd Street, Rm. 107, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.,Department of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Affiliation(s)
- Sudivya Prashast Sharma
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Atul Prabhakar Kulkarni
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain, Division of Critical Care, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Giorgi C, Boro A, Rechfeld F, Lopez-Garcia LA, Gierisch ME, Schäfer BW, Niggli FK. PI3K/AKT signaling modulates transcriptional expression of EWS/FLI1 through specificity protein 1. Oncotarget 2015; 6:28895-910. [PMID: 26336820 PMCID: PMC4745699 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (ES) is the second most frequent bone cancer in childhood and is characterized by the presence of the balanced translocation t(11;22)(q24;q12) in more than 85% of cases, generating a dysregulated transcription factor EWS/FLI1. This fusion protein is an essential oncogenic component of ES development which is necessary for tumor cell maintenance and represents an attractive therapeutic target. To search for modulators of EWS/FLI1 activity we screened a library of 153 targeted compounds and identified inhibitors of the PI3K pathway to directly modulate EWS/FLI1 transcription. Surprisingly, treatment of four different ES cell lines with BEZ235 resulted in down regulation of EWS/FLI1 mRNA and protein by ~50% with subsequent modulation of target gene expression. Analysis of the EWS/FLI1 promoter region (-2239/+67) using various deletion constructs identified two 14 bp minimal elements as being important for EWS/FLI1 transcription. We identified SP1 as modulator of EWS/FLI1 gene expression and demonstrated direct binding to one of these regions in the EWS/FLI1 promoter by EMSA and ChIP experiments. These results provide the first insights on the transcriptional regulation of EWS/FLI1, an area that has not been investigated so far, and offer an additional molecular explanation for the known sensitivity of ES cell lines to PI3K inhibition.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Binding Sites
- Bone Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Bone Neoplasms/enzymology
- Bone Neoplasms/genetics
- Bone Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Cycle Checkpoints
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Imidazoles/pharmacology
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/genetics
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/metabolism
- Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Protein Binding
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Proto-Oncogene Protein c-fli-1/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Protein c-fli-1/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Quinolines/pharmacology
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA-Binding Protein EWS/genetics
- RNA-Binding Protein EWS/metabolism
- Sarcoma, Ewing/drug therapy
- Sarcoma, Ewing/enzymology
- Sarcoma, Ewing/genetics
- Sarcoma, Ewing/pathology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Sp1 Transcription Factor/genetics
- Sp1 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
- Transfection
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Giorgi
- Department of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aleksandar Boro
- Department of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Rechfeld
- Department of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laura A. Lopez-Garcia
- Department of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maria E. Gierisch
- Department of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat W. Schäfer
- Department of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Felix K. Niggli
- Department of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Harwood JL, Alexander JH, Mayerson JL, Scharschmidt TJ. Targeted Chemotherapy in Bone and Soft-Tissue Sarcoma. Orthop Clin North Am 2015; 46:587-608. [PMID: 26410647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocl.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Historically surgical intervention has been the mainstay of therapy for bone and soft-tissue sarcomas, augmented with adjuvant radiation for local control. Although cytotoxic chemotherapy revolutionized the treatment of many sarcomas, classic treatment regimens are fraught with side effects while outcomes have plateaued. However, since the approval of imatinib in 2002, research into targeted chemotherapy has increased exponentially. With targeted therapies comes the potential for decreased side effects and more potent, personalized treatment options. This article reviews the evolution of medical knowledge regarding sarcoma, the basic science of sarcomatogenesis, and the major targets and pathways now being studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jared L Harwood
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Ohio State University, 725 Prior Hall, 376 West 10 Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - John H Alexander
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Ohio State University, 725 Prior Hall, 376 West 10 Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Joel L Mayerson
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Ohio State University, 725 Prior Hall, 376 West 10 Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Thomas J Scharschmidt
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Ohio State University, 725 Prior Hall, 376 West 10 Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Flow perfusion effects on three-dimensional culture and drug sensitivity of Ewing sarcoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:10304-9. [PMID: 26240353 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1506684112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional tumor models accurately describe different aspects of the tumor microenvironment and are readily available for mechanistic studies of tumor biology and for drug screening. Nevertheless, these systems often overlook biomechanical stimulation, another fundamental driver of tumor progression. To address this issue, we cultured Ewing sarcoma (ES) cells on electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone) 3D scaffolds within a flow perfusion bioreactor. Flow-derived shear stress provided a physiologically relevant mechanical stimulation that significantly promoted insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) production and elicited a superadditive release in the presence of exogenous IGF1. This finding is particularly relevant, given the central role of the IGF1/IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) pathway in ES tumorigenesis and as a promising clinical target. Additionally, flow perfusion enhanced in a rate-dependent manner the sensitivity of ES cells to IGF-1R inhibitor dalotuzumab (MK-0646) and showed shear stress-dependent resistance to the IGF-1R blockade. This study demonstrates shear stress-dependent ES cell sensitivity to dalotuzumab, highlighting the importance of biomechanical stimulation on ES-acquired drug resistance to IGF-1R inhibition. Furthermore, flow perfusion increased nutrient supply throughout the scaffold, enriching ES culture over static conditions. Our use of a tissue-engineered model, rather than human tumors or xenografts, enabled precise control of the forces experienced by ES cells, and therefore provided at least one explanation for the remarkable antineoplastic effects observed by some ES tumor patients from IGF-1R targeted therapies, in contrast to the lackluster effect observed in cells grown in conventional monolayer culture.
Collapse
|
29
|
Liang J, Li B, Yuan L, Ye Z. Prognostic value of IGF-1R expression in bone and soft tissue sarcomas: a meta-analysis. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:1949-55. [PMID: 26251617 PMCID: PMC4524581 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s88293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulated evidence has indicated a correlation between IGF-1R and bone and soft tissue sarcoma (BSTS) progression. However, research on the prognostic role of IGF-1R in sarcomas has revealed very different or even totally opposite results. This meta-analysis aimed to unveil the controversial role IGF-1R plays in predicting the outcome of BSTS patients. We systematically reviewed the evidence for the effect of IGF-1R expression in multiple types of BSTSs, including osteosarcoma, Ewing’s sarcoma, synovial sarcoma, liposarcoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma, to elucidate this issue. The prognostic value of IGF-1R expression in BSTS patients was evaluated regarding overall survival, measured by pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Seven studies including 627 patients were enrolled in this meta-analysis. Our results demonstrated that IGF-1R expression was associated with poor outcome in terms of overall survival in BSTS patients (pooled HR =2.15, 95% CI: 1.06–4.38; P=0.03). In subtypes of BSTSs, elevated IGF-1R expression was revealed to be significantly correlated with worse prognosis in osteosarcoma (pooled HR =2.20, 95% CI: 1.59–0.03; P<0.001), while no statistical significance was discovered in Ewing’s sarcoma (pooled HR =1.01, 95% CI: 0.45–2.27; P=0.99). Expression of IGF-1R could be a negative prognostic biomarker for patients suffering from BSTSs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junbo Liang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China ; Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Hospital, Taizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Binghao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Orthopaedic Research, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yuan
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoming Ye
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Orthopaedic Research, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Cavin-1 and Caveolin-1 are both required to support cell proliferation, migration and anchorage-independent cell growth in rhabdomyosarcoma. J Transl Med 2015; 95:585-602. [PMID: 25822667 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2015.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a childhood soft tissue tumor with broad expression of markers that are typically found in skeletal muscle. Cavin-1 is a recently discovered protein actively cooperating with Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) in the morphogenesis of caveolae and whose role in cancer is drawing increasing attention. Using a combined in silico and in vitro analysis here we show that Cavin-1 is expressed in myogenic RMS tumors as well as in human and primary mouse RMS cultures, exhibiting a broad subcellular localization, ranging from nuclei and cytosol to plasma membrane. In particular, the coexpression and plasma membrane interaction between Cavin-1 and Cav-1 characterized the proliferation of human and mouse RMS cell cultures, while a downregulation of their expression levels was observed during the myogenic differentiation. Knockdown of Cavin-1 or Cav-1 in the human RD and RH30 cells led to impairment of cell proliferation and migration. Moreover, loss of Cavin-1 in RD cells impaired the anchorage-independent cell growth in soft agar. While the loss of Cavin-1 did not affect the Cav-1 protein levels in RMS cells, Cav-1 overexpression and knockdown triggered a rise or depletion of Cavin-1 protein levels in RD cells, respectively, in turn reflecting on increased or decreased cell proliferation, migration and anchorage-independent cell growth. Collectively, these data indicate that the interaction between Cavin-1 and Cav-1 underlies the cell growth and migration in myogenic tumors.
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhan XK, Zhang S, Cao BW, Wang JW, Li JL, Sun YK, Zhang W, Yang L, Zhou AP, Chi YHB, Li YX, Ma JH, Li CL. Clinicopathological characteristics and treatment outcomes of Chinese patients with genitourinary embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. World J Surg Oncol 2015; 13:190. [PMID: 26018798 PMCID: PMC4475326 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-015-0574-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genitourinary embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma is rarely reported in China. This retrospective analysis aimed to characterize the clinicopathologic features and treatment outcomes of genitourinary embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma in a sample of Chinese patients. Methods Basic demographic and clinical data of 29 patients, who were diagnosed with genitourinary embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma between January 2000 and December 2011, were retrieved and analyzed. Results In these patients, 25 were males and 4 were females with a median age of 12 years. Paratesticule was the most common lesion site, followed by the prostate, bladder, and vagina. The median tumor size was 5.80 cm. Six patients had clinically positive regional nodes. At the initial diagnosis, patients had a metastatic disease. According to the TNM staging classification for the IRS-IV, phase I lesions were detected in ten cases, phase II lesions in six cases, phase III lesions in four cases, and phase IV lesions in nine cases. The median survival of all patients was 63 (range from 6 to 118) months. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates for these patients were 93%, 83%, and 52%, respectively. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that staging and anemia were significant predictors of prognosis. Conclusions Our findings suggest that metastasis predicts a poor prognosis. Chemotherapy played an important role in comprehensive treatment. Palliative and neo-adjuvant chemotherapy could increase median survival time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-kai Zhan
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Sen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Bang-wei Cao
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jin-wan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Jun-ling Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yong-kun Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Ai-ping Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yi-he Bali Chi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Ye-xiong Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Jian-hui Ma
- Department of Urological Surgical Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Chang-ling Li
- Department of Urological Surgical Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Marie PJ. Osteoblast dysfunctions in bone diseases: from cellular and molecular mechanisms to therapeutic strategies. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:1347-61. [PMID: 25487608 PMCID: PMC11113967 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1801-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Several metabolic, genetic and oncogenic bone diseases are characterized by defective or excessive bone formation. These abnormalities are caused by dysfunctions in the commitment, differentiation or survival of cells of the osteoblast lineage. During the recent years, significant advances have been made in our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the osteoblast dysfunctions in osteoporosis, skeletal dysplasias and primary bone tumors. This led to suggest novel therapeutic approaches to correct these abnormalities such as the modulation of WNT signaling, the pharmacological modulation of proteasome-mediated protein degradation, the induction of osteoprogenitor cell differentiation, the repression of cancer cell proliferation and the manipulation of epigenetic mechanisms. This article reviews our current understanding of the major cellular and molecular mechanisms inducing osteoblastic cell abnormalities in age-related bone loss, genetic skeletal dysplasias and primary bone tumors, and discusses emerging therapeutic strategies to counteract the osteoblast abnormalities in these disorders of bone formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre J Marie
- INSERM UMR-1132, Hôpital Lariboisière, 2 rue Ambroise Paré, 75475, Paris Cedex 10, France,
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Molecular Analysis of a Recurrent Sarcoma Identifies a Mutation in FAF1. Sarcoma 2015; 2015:839182. [PMID: 25861239 PMCID: PMC4377510 DOI: 10.1155/2015/839182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A patient presented with a recurrent sarcoma (diagnosed as leiomyosarcoma) 12 years after the removal of an initial cancer (diagnosed as extracompartmental osteosarcoma) distally on the same limb. Following surgery, the sarcoma and unaffected muscle and bone were subjected to measurements of DNA exome sequence, RNA and protein expression, and transcription factor binding. The investigation provided corroboration of the diagnosis leiomyosarcoma, as the major upregulations in this tumor comprise muscle-specific gene products and calcium-regulating molecules (calcium is an important second messenger in smooth muscle cells). A likely culprit for the disease is the point mutation S181G in FAF1, which may cause a loss of apoptotic function consecutive to transforming DNA damage. The RNA levels of genes for drug transport and metabolism were extensively skewed in the tumor tissue as compared to muscle and bone. The results suggest that the tumor represents a recurrence of a dormant metastasis from an originally misdiagnosed neoplasm. A loss of FAF1 function could cause constitutive WNT pathway activity (consistent with the downstream inductions of IGF2BP1 and E2F1 in this cancer). While the study has informed on drug transport and drug metabolism pharmacogenetics, it has fallen short of identifying a suitable target for molecular therapy.
Collapse
|
34
|
Tarnowski M, Tkacz M, Czerewaty M, Poniewierska-Baran A, Grymuła K, Ratajczak MZ. 5‑Azacytidine inhibits human rhabdomyosarcoma cell growth by downregulating insulin‑like growth factor 2 expression and reactivating the H19 gene product miR‑675, which negatively affects insulin‑like growth factors and insulin signaling. Int J Oncol 2015; 46:2241-50. [PMID: 25707431 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.2906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) and 1 (IGF1) and insulin (INS) promote proliferation of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) cells by interacting with the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) and the insulin receptor (INSR). Loss of imprinting (LOI) by DNA hypermethylation at the differentially methylated region (DMR) for the IGF2‑H19 locus is commonly observed in RMS cells and results in an increase in the expression of proliferation-promoting IGF2 and downregulation of proliferation-inhibiting non-coding H19 miRNAs. One of these miRNAs, miR‑675, has been reported in murine cells to be a negative regulator of IGF1R expression. To better address the role of IGF2 and 1, as well as INS signaling in the pathogenesis of RMS and the involvement of LOI at the IGF2‑H19 locus, we employed the DNA demethylating agent 5‑azacytidine (AzaC). We observed that AzaC‑mediated demethylation of the DMR at the IGF2‑H19 locus resulted in downregulation of IGF2 and an increase in the expression of H19. This epigenetic change resulted in a decrease in RMS proliferation due to downregulation of IGF2 and, IGF1R expression in an miR‑675‑dependent manner. Interestingly, we observed that miR‑675 not only inhibited the expression of IGF1R in a similar manner in human and murine cells, but we also observed its negative effect on the expression of the INSR. These results confirm the crucial role of LOI at the IGF2‑H19 DMR in the pathogenesis of RMS and are relevant to the development of new treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Tarnowski
- Department of Physiology Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marta Tkacz
- Department of Physiology Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Michał Czerewaty
- Department of Physiology Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Katarzyna Grymuła
- Department of Physiology Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Mariusz Z Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Biology Program at the James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Palmerini E, Benassi MS, Quattrini I, Pazzaglia L, Donati D, Benini S, Gamberi G, Gambarotti M, Picci P, Ferrari S. Prognostic and predictive role of CXCR4, IGF-1R and Ezrin expression in localized synovial sarcoma: is chemotaxis important to tumor response? Orphanet J Rare Dis 2015; 10:6. [PMID: 25613038 PMCID: PMC4320838 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-014-0222-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synovial sarcoma (SS) is a rare tumor, with dismal survival when metastatic. The role of adjuvant chemotherapy is debated. New prognostic and predictive factors are needed. METHODS We reviewed patients with localized SS; SS18-SSX fusion transcript presence was confirmed by FISH and RT-PCR. Expression of CXCR4, IGF-1R and Ezrin were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Tumor samples from 88 SS patients (45 female; 43 male) with median age 37 years (range 11-63) were selected. The size of the lesion was > 5 cm in 68% of patients and 34% of cases presented biphasic histotype. All patients underwent surgery, 56% adjuvant radiotherapy (RT), 65% adjuvant chemotherapy. A positive stain for IGF-1R was detected in 55 patients, with nucleus expression in 21 patients. CXCR4 was expressed in 74 patients, nuclear pattern in 31 patients. 80 SS were positive to Ezrin, 48 had cytoplasmatic location, 32 membrane location. With a median follow-up of 6 years (1-30 years), the 5-year overall survival (OS) was 70% (95% CI 60-81). 5-year OS was 63% (95% CI 41-85%) for patients with positive IGF-1R/nuclear expression, and 73% (95% CI 61-85%; P = 0.05) in negative patients. 5-year OS was 47% (95% CI 27-66%) in patients with positive CXCR4/nuclear staining, and 86% (95% CI 76-96%, P = 0.0003) in negative cases. No survival difference was found according to Ezrin expression. By multivariate analysis, nuclear expression of CXCR4 and IGF-1R was confirmed independent adverse prognostic factor for SS patient survival linked to the use of chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Our findings have important potential implications demonstrating that together with clinical prognostic factors such as radiotherapy and age, CXCR4 and IGF-1R negatively influences survival in patients with localized SS. We believe that further studies addressed to the effects of CXCR4 and IGF-1R inhibitors on cell viability and function are needed to plan new and more appropriate SS treatments.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Biomarkers, Tumor/biosynthesis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Chemotaxis
- Child
- Cytoskeletal Proteins/biosynthesis
- Cytoskeletal Proteins/genetics
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Forecasting
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Prognosis
- RNA, Neoplasm
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/biosynthesis
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/genetics
- Receptors, CXCR4/biosynthesis
- Receptors, CXCR4/genetics
- Retrospective Studies
- Sarcoma, Synovial/diagnosis
- Sarcoma, Synovial/genetics
- Sarcoma, Synovial/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Young Adult
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Palmerini
- />PROMETEO Laboratory/Section of Chemotherapy, Research, Innovation & Technology (RIT) Department, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Pupilli, 1, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gabriella Gamberi
- />Surgical Pathology, Bologna, Italy
- />Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Piero Picci
- />Laboratory of Experimental Research, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Ferrari
- />Section of Chemotherapy Musculoskeletal Oncology Department, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Pacioles T, Seth R, Orellana C, John I, Panuganty V, Dhaliwal R. Malignant phyllodes tumor of the breast presenting with hypoglycemia: a case report and literature review. Cancer Manag Res 2014; 6:467-73. [PMID: 25525388 PMCID: PMC4266253 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s71933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Phyllodes tumors are rare fibroepithelial neoplasms that account for less than 1% of all breast tumors and are typically found in middle-aged women. Phyllodes tumors that present with hypoglycemia are even rarer. No one morphologic finding is reliable in predicting the clinical behavior of this tumor. Surgery has been the primary mode of treatment to date. However, the extent of resection and the role of adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy are still controversial. Here, we present a challenging case of malignant phyllodes tumor of the breast associated with hypoglycemia, and review the literature regarding clinical findings, pathologic risk factors for recurrence, and treatment recommendations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toni Pacioles
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Edwards Comprehensive Cancer Center, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Rahul Seth
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA ; Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Cesar Orellana
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Ivy John
- Department of Pathology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Veera Panuganty
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Ruban Dhaliwal
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA ; Division of Endocrinology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhu B, Davie JK. New insights into signalling-pathway alterations in rhabdomyosarcoma. Br J Cancer 2014; 112:227-31. [PMID: 25211658 PMCID: PMC4453439 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft-tissue sarcoma in children and young adults. Several recent studies have shed new light on the alterations in signalling pathways and the downstream effects of these pathway alterations in RMS. Many of these effects converge on the fibroblast growth factor and insulin-like growth-factor pathways. These new findings improve the current understanding of RMS, thus offering novel potential therapeutic targets and strategies that may improve the outcome for patients with RMS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - J K Davie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ma W, Zhang T, Pan J, Shi N, Fan Q, Wang L, Lu SH. Assessment of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor as an oncogene in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and its potential implication in chemotherapy. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:1601-9. [PMID: 25175038 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) is a tyrosine kinase receptor implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple cancers. After ligand binding, IGF-1R can initiate the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Ras/Raf/MEK/MAPK pathways to modulate cell proliferation, survival, differentiation, motility, invasion and angiogenesis. IGF-1R is a prerequisite for tumor progression and is one of the most attractive targets for therapeutic interventions in several types of cancer. In the present study, we determined the expression of IGF-1R in an esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cohort, investigated the detailed function of IGF-1R and screened the potential application of IGF-1R in the clinic. We verified the higher expression of IGF-1R in ESCC tumor tissues as compared to adjacent normal tissues. We also found that high expression of IGF-1R was associated with advanced tumor progression. We used ESCC cell lines and a mouse xenograft model to detect the function of IGF-1R in vitro and in vivo. Our results suggest the oncogenic function of IGF-1R in regulating cell proliferation, clonogenesis, the cell cycle and apoptosis. In addition, we found that IGF-1R was associated with the response to standard chemotherapy drugs 5-FU and cisplatin in an ESCC cell line. More importantly, we confirmed that the serum concentration of IGF-1/IGFBP3 can be used for predicting response to chemotherapy, and increased serum levels of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 are associated with significantly higher rates of tumor response. In the present study, we demonstrated that IGF-1R is an important oncogene in ESCC and can be used to detect the chemotherapeutic response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wang Ma
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Tengfei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Jian Pan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Ni Shi
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Qingxia Fan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Liuxing Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Shih Hsin Lu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Eid JE, Garcia CB. Reprogramming of mesenchymal stem cells by oncogenes. Semin Cancer Biol 2014; 32:18-31. [PMID: 24938913 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) originate from embryonic mesoderm and give rise to the multiple lineages of connective tissues. Transformed MSCs develop into aggressive sarcomas, some of which are initiated by specific chromosomal translocations that generate fusion proteins with potent oncogenic properties. The sarcoma oncogenes typically prime MSCs through aberrant reprogramming. They dictate commitment to a specific lineage but prevent mature differentiation, thus locking the cells in a state of proliferative precursors. Deregulated expression of lineage-specific transcription factors and controllers of chromatin structure play a central role in MSC reprogramming and sarcoma pathogenesis. This suggests that reversing the epigenetic aberrancies created by the sarcoma oncogenes with differentiation-related reagents holds great promise as a beneficial addition to sarcoma therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josiane E Eid
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 771 Preston, Research Building, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Christina B Garcia
- Department of Pediatrics-Nutrition, Baylor College of Medicine, BCM320, Huston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
George B, Bresson D, Bouazza S, Froelich S, Mandonnet E, Hamdi S, Orabi M, Polivka M, Cazorla A, Adle-Biassette H, Guichard JP, Duet M, Gayat E, Vallée F, Canova CH, Riet F, Bolle S, Calugaru V, Dendale R, Mazeron JJ, Feuvret L, Boissier E, Vignot S, Puget S, Sainte-Rose C, Beccaria K. [Chordoma]. Neurochirurgie 2014; 60:63-140. [PMID: 24856008 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSES To review in the literature, all the epidemiological, clinical, radiological, histological and therapeutic data regarding chordomas as well as various notochordal entities: ecchordosis physaliphora, intradural and intraparenchymatous chordomas, benign notochordal cell tumors, parachordomas and extra-axial chordomas. To identify different types of chordomas, including familial forms, associations with tuberous sclerosis, Ollier's disease and Maffucci's syndrome, forms with metastasis and seeding. To assess the recent data regarding molecular biology and progress in targeted therapy. To compare the different types of radiotherapy, especially protontherapy and their therapeutic effects. To review the largest series of chordomas in their different localizations (skull base, sacrum and mobile spine) from the literature. MATERIALS The series of 136 chordomas treated and followed up over 20 years (1972-2012) in the department of neurosurgery at Lariboisière hospital is reviewed. It includes: 58 chordomas of the skull base, 47 of the craniocervical junction, 23 of the cervical spine and 8 from the lombosacral region. Similarly, 31 chordomas in children (less than 18 years of age), observed in the departments of neurosurgery of les Enfants-Malades and Lariboisière hospitals, are presented. They were observed between 1976 and 2010 and were located intracranially (n=22 including 13 with cervical extension), 4 at the craniocervical junction level and 5 in the cervical spine. METHODS In the entire Lariboisière series and in the different groups of localization, different parameters were analyzed: the delay of diagnosis, of follow-up, of occurrence of metastasis, recurrence and death, the number of primary patients and patients referred to us after progression or recurrence and the number of deaths, recurrences and metastases. The influence of the quality of resection (total, subtotal and partial) on the prognosis is also presented. Kaplan-Meier actuarial curves of overall survival and disease free survival were performed in the entire series, including the different groups of localization based on the following 4 parameters: age, primary and secondary patients, quality of resection and protontherapy. In the pediatric series, a similar analysis was carried-out but was limited by the small number of patients in the subgroups. RESULTS In the Lariboisière series, the mean delay of diagnosis is 10 months and the mean follow-up is 80 months in each group. The delay before recurrence, metastasis and death is always better for the skull base chordomas and worse for those of the craniocervical junction, which have similar results to those of the cervical spine. Similar figures were observed as regards the number of deaths, metastases and recurrences. Quality of resection is the major factor of prognosis with 20.5 % of deaths and 28 % of recurrences after total resection as compared to 52.5 % and 47.5 % after subtotal resection. This is still more obvious in the group of skull base chordomas. Adding protontherapy to a total resection can still improve the results but there is no change after subtotal resection. The actuarial curve of overall survival shows a clear cut in the slope with some chordomas having a fast evolution towards recurrence and death in less than 4 years and others having a long survival of sometimes more than 20 years. Also, age has no influence on the prognosis. In primary patients, disease free survival is better than in secondary patients but not in overall survival. Protontherapy only improves the overall survival in the entire series and in the skull base group. Total resection improves both the overall and disease free survival in each group. Finally, the adjunct of protontherapy after total resection is clearly demonstrated. In the pediatric series, the median follow-up is 5.7 years. Overall survival and disease free survival are respectively 63 % and 54.3 %. Factors of prognosis are the histological type (atypical forms), localization (worse for the cervical spine and better for the clivus) and again it will depend on the quality of resection. CONCLUSIONS Many different pathologies derived from the notochord can be observed: some are remnants, some may be precursors of chordomas and some have similar features but are probably not genuine chordomas. To-day, immuno-histological studies should permit to differentiate them from real chordomas. Improving knowledge of molecular biology raises hopes for complementary treatments but to date the quality of surgical resection is still the main factor of prognosis. Complementary protontherapy seems useful, especially in skull base chordomas, which have better overall results than those of the craniocervical junction and of the cervical spine. However, we are still lacking an intrinsic marker of evolution to differentiate the slow growing chordomas with an indolent evolution from aggressive types leading rapidly to recurrence and death on which more aggressive treatments should be applied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B George
- Service de neurochirurgie, hôpital Lariboisière, 2, rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010 Paris, France.
| | - D Bresson
- Service de neurochirurgie, hôpital Lariboisière, 2, rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010 Paris, France
| | - S Bouazza
- Service de neurochirurgie, hôpital Lariboisière, 2, rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010 Paris, France
| | - S Froelich
- Service de neurochirurgie, hôpital Lariboisière, 2, rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010 Paris, France
| | - E Mandonnet
- Service de neurochirurgie, hôpital Lariboisière, 2, rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010 Paris, France
| | - S Hamdi
- Service de neurochirurgie, hôpital Lariboisière, 2, rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010 Paris, France
| | - M Orabi
- Service de neurochirurgie, hôpital Lariboisière, 2, rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010 Paris, France
| | - M Polivka
- Service d'anatomopathologie, hôpital Lariboisière, 2, rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010 Paris, France
| | - A Cazorla
- Service d'anatomopathologie, hôpital Lariboisière, 2, rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010 Paris, France
| | - H Adle-Biassette
- Service d'anatomopathologie, hôpital Lariboisière, 2, rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010 Paris, France
| | - J-P Guichard
- Service de neuroradiologie, hôpital Lariboisière, 2, rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010 Paris, France
| | - M Duet
- Service de médecine nucléaire, hôpital Lariboisière, 2, rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010 Paris, France
| | - E Gayat
- Service d'anesthésie-réanimation, hôpital Lariboisière, 2, rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010 Paris, France
| | - F Vallée
- Service d'anesthésie-réanimation, hôpital Lariboisière, 2, rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010 Paris, France
| | - C-H Canova
- Service de radiothérapie et d'oncologie médicale, hôpital de la Salpêtrière, institut Gustave-Roussy, institut Curie, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - F Riet
- Service de radiothérapie et d'oncologie médicale, hôpital de la Salpêtrière, institut Gustave-Roussy, institut Curie, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - S Bolle
- Service de radiothérapie et d'oncologie médicale, hôpital de la Salpêtrière, institut Gustave-Roussy, institut Curie, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - V Calugaru
- Service de radiothérapie et d'oncologie médicale, hôpital de la Salpêtrière, institut Gustave-Roussy, institut Curie, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - R Dendale
- Service de radiothérapie et d'oncologie médicale, hôpital de la Salpêtrière, institut Gustave-Roussy, institut Curie, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - J-J Mazeron
- Service de radiothérapie et d'oncologie médicale, hôpital de la Salpêtrière, institut Gustave-Roussy, institut Curie, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - L Feuvret
- Service de radiothérapie et d'oncologie médicale, hôpital de la Salpêtrière, institut Gustave-Roussy, institut Curie, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - E Boissier
- Service de radiothérapie et d'oncologie médicale, hôpital de la Salpêtrière, institut Gustave-Roussy, institut Curie, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - S Vignot
- Service de radiothérapie et d'oncologie médicale, hôpital de la Salpêtrière, institut Gustave-Roussy, institut Curie, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - S Puget
- Service de neurochirurgie, hôpital Necker, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France
| | - C Sainte-Rose
- Service de neurochirurgie, hôpital Necker, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France
| | - K Beccaria
- Service de neurochirurgie, hôpital Necker, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Rüping K, Altendorf-Hofmann A, Chen Y, Kampmann E, Gibis S, Lindner L, Katenkamp D, Petersen I, Knösel T. High IGF2 and FGFR3 are associated with tumour progression in undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas, but EGFR and FGFR3 mutations are a rare event. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2014; 140:1315-22. [PMID: 24804818 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-014-1700-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM Pleomorphic undifferentiated sarcomas (formerly known as malignant fibrous histiocytomas) are recognised by the actual WHO classification as an undifferentiated, unclassifiable category of pleomorphic sarcomas which show no definable line of differentiation and are still a diagnosis of exclusion. Therefore, diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic options of these tumours are urgently needed. METHODS Three hundred and twenty-seven spindle cell tumours of a German consultation and reference centre of soft tissue tumours consisting of 200 undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas (UPS), 45 low-grade sarcomas (10 low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas, 32 low-grade myofibroblastic sarcomas and three myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcomas) and 82 tumours of the fasciitis family were revisited. The specimens were analysed immunohistochemically with distinct markers including tyrosine kinases and expression correlated with clinicopathological parameters. Additionally, mutational analysis was performed on specimens with high expression of EGFR and FGFR3. RESULTS At the protein level high IGF2 expression was observed in 86 %, FGFR3 (69 %), PDGFRA (62 %), PDGFRB (39 %), FGFR1 (8 %), EGFR (5 %), KDR/VEGFR2 (3 %), ALK (0 %) and high Ki67 (63 %) in UPS. High expressions of IGF2 and FGFR3 are significantly correlated with a higher grading (p = 0.023 and p = 0.016, respectively) and a high Ki67 index (p = 0.017 and p = 0.001, respectively). No mutations were found in the hot spots of tumour specimens with a high expression of EGFR gene (exons 18-21) and FGFR3 gene (exons 7, 10 and 15). CONCLUSIONS High expressions of IGF2 and FGFR3 are significantly associated with tumour progression, grading and Ki67 and might classify a subgroup of undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma. These markers might guide targeted therapies in these neoplasms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katinka Rüping
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Uterine leiomyosarcomas are rare but challenging tumours. They occur most commonly around or shortly after the menopause. Their clinical behaviour is very variable, from highly aggressive to very indolent. Most are diagnosed unexpectedly and thus initially operated on by general gynaecologists. This article discusses the important surgical issues and the role of adjuvant treatments such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Important new international trials are opening to address these issues. Relapsed disease is usually incurable, but a subgroup of patients may benefit from repeated surgical procedures, hormones and ablative therapies. The choice of drugs for chemotherapy is discussed. New approaches with targeted agents have yet to establish themselves in treatment of leiomyosarcomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Reed
- Beatson Oncology Centre, Gartnavel General Hospital, 1053 Great Western Road, Glasgow, G12 0YN, UK,
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Palmerini E, Paioli A, Ferrari S. Emerging therapeutic targets for synovial sarcoma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 14:791-806. [DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2014.901155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
44
|
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant tumor of bone and the third most common cancer in childhood and adolescence. Nowadays, early diagnosis, drug resistance and recurrence of the disease represent the major challenges in OS treatment. Post-genomics, and in particular proteomic technologies, offer an invaluable opportunity to address the level of biological complexity expressed by OS. Although the main goal of OS oncoproteomics is focused on diagnostic and prognostic biomarker discovery, in this review we describe and discuss global protein profiling approaches to other aspects of OS biology and pathophysiology, or to investigate the mechanism of action of chemotherapeutics. In addition, we present proteomic analyses carried out on OS cell lines as in vitro models for studying osteoblastic cell biology and the attractive opportunity offered by proteomics of OS cancer stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bernardini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, via Fiorentina 1, Università degli Studi di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Fleuren EDG, Versleijen-Jonkers YMH, Boerman OC, van der Graaf WTA. Targeting receptor tyrosine kinases in osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma: current hurdles and future perspectives. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1845:266-76. [PMID: 24582852 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) and Ewing sarcoma (ES) are the two most common types of primary bone cancer, which mainly affect children and young adults. Despite intensive multi-modal treatment, the survival of both OS and ES has not improved much during the last decades and new therapeutic options are awaited. One promising approach is the specific targeting of transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) implicated in these types of bone cancer. However, despite encouraging in vitro and in vivo results, apart from intriguing results of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Receptor (IGF-1R) antibodies in ES, clinical studies are limited or disappointing. Primary resistance to RTK inhibitors is frequently observed in OS and ES patients, and even patients that initially respond well eventually develop acquired resistance. There are, however, a few remarks to make concerning the current set-up of clinical trials and about strategies to improve RTK-based treatments in OS and ES. This review provides an overview concerning current RTK-mediated therapies in OS and ES and discusses the problems observed in the clinic. More importantly, we describe several strategies to overcome resistance to RTK inhibitors which may significantly improve outcome of OS and ES patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmy D G Fleuren
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Otto C Boerman
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Carter YM, Kunnimalaiyaan S, Chen H, Gamblin TC, Kunnimalaiyaan M. Specific glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibition reduces neuroendocrine markers and suppresses neuroblastoma cell growth. Cancer Biol Ther 2014; 15:510-5. [PMID: 24521712 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.28015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neuroblastoma is a common neuroendocrine (NE) tumor that presents in early childhood, with a high incidence of malignancy and recurrence. The glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) pathway is a potential therapeutic target, as this pathway has been shown to be crucial in the management of other NE tumors. However, it is not known which isoform is necessary for growth inhibition. In this study, we investigated the effect of the GSK-3 inhibitor AR-A014418 on the different GSK-3 isoforms in neuroblastoma. METHODS NGP and SH-5Y-SY cells were treated with 0-20 μM of AR-A014418 and cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Expression levels of NE markers CgA and ASCL1, GSK-3 isoforms, and apoptotic markers were analyzed by western blot. RESULTS Neuroblastoma cells treated with AR-A014418 had a significant reduction in growth at all doses and time points (P<0.001). A reduction in growth was noted in cell lines on day 6, with 10 μM (NGP-53% vs. 0% and SH-5Y-SY-38% vs. 0%, P<0.001) treatment compared to control, corresponding with a noticeable reduction in tumor marker ASCL1 and CgA expression. CONCLUSION Treatment of neuroblastoma cell lines with AR-A014418 reduced the level of GSK-3α phosphorylation at Tyr279 compared to GSK-3β phosphorylation at Tyr216, and attenuated growth via the maintenance of apoptosis. This study supports further investigation to elucidate the mechanism(s) by which GSK-3α inhibition downregulates the expression of NE tumor markers and growth of neuroblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yvette M Carter
- University of Wisconsin Endocrine Surgery Laboratory; Madison, WI USA
| | - Selvi Kunnimalaiyaan
- University of Wisconsin Endocrine Surgery Laboratory; Madison, WI USA; Medical College of Wisconsin; Milwaukee, WI USA
| | - Herbert Chen
- University of Wisconsin Endocrine Surgery Laboratory; Madison, WI USA
| | | | - Muthusamy Kunnimalaiyaan
- University of Wisconsin Endocrine Surgery Laboratory; Madison, WI USA; Medical College of Wisconsin; Milwaukee, WI USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ahmed AA, Zia H, Wagner L. Therapy resistance mechanisms in Ewing's sarcoma family tumors. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2014; 73:657-63. [PMID: 24469502 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-014-2392-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ewing's sarcoma family tumors are aggressive small round cell malignancies that arise in bone or soft tissues in adolescents and young adults. The addition of chemotherapy to local control measures has remarkably improved the survival of patients with localized disease. However, metastatic tumors are often refractory to conventional chemotherapy and irradiation, and the outcome of patients with metastatic or recurrent disease remains dismal. Despite growing understanding of the molecular biology of this tumor and the discovery of new therapeutic targets such as the insulin growth factor-1 receptor, tumor resistance continues to be a formidable challenge. Numerous adaptive mechanisms have been identified which allow tumor cells to escape the cytotoxic effect of chemotherapeutic agents. This review focuses on these mechanisms in an effort to highlight opportunities for more effective disease control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atif A Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO, USA,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Schmitt T, Kasper B. New medical treatment options and strategies to assess clinical outcome in soft-tissue sarcoma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 9:1159-67. [PMID: 19671035 DOI: 10.1586/era.09.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schmitt
- University of Heidelberg, Department of Internal Medicine V, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Takahashi Y, Kohashi K, Yamada Y, Endo M, Setsu N, Ishii T, Yamamoto H, Iwamoto Y, Oda Y. Activation of the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway in myxofibrosarcomas. Hum Pathol 2014; 45:984-93. [PMID: 24746202 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2013.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway plays important roles in modulating cellular function in response to extracellular signals such as growth factors and cytokines. The Akt/mTOR signaling pathway is activated in certain kinds of sarcomas. Myxofibrosarcoma is a soft tissue sarcoma, characterized by abundant myxoid stroma and frequent local recurrence. Here, we conducted a large-scale examination of the clinicopathological and activation statuses of the Akt/mTOR pathways in myxofibrosarcoma. The phosphorylation status of Akt, mTOR, S6 ribosomal protein, and the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein, and mitogen-activated protein kinase were assessed by immunohistochemistry in 101 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples, including 68 primary tumors in myxofibrosarcoma. Immunohistochemical expressions were confirmed by Western blotting with 20 frozen samples, which were paired with normal tissue samples. PIK3CA and AKT1 gene mutations were also analyzed using 12 primary tumor frozen samples. Immunohistochemically, phosphorylations of Akt, mTOR, S6 ribosomal protein, 4E-binding protein, and mitogen-activated protein kinase 1/2 were observed in 64.7%, 45.6%, 42.6%, 63.2%, and 64.7% of samples. Phosphorylated Akt/mTOR pathway proteins were correlated with one another and were also correlated with the phosphorylation of these proteins in the concordant recurrent tumors. Immunoblotting showed a high degree of phosphorylation in tumor samples, compared with that in normal tissue samples. Activation of the Akt/mTOR pathway was correlated with histologic grade and tumor progression. Mutational analysis failed to reveal any PIK3CA or AKT1 mutations around the hot spots. Activation of the Akt/mTOR pathway was associated with histologic malignancy and tumor progression in primary and recurrent myxofibrosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Takahashi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kohashi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuichi Yamada
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Makoto Endo
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Nokitaka Setsu
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takeaki Ishii
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Yamamoto
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yukihide Iwamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
van de Luijtgaarden ACM, Roeffen MHS, Leus MA, Flucke UE, Schreuder BHWB, van der Graaf WTA, Versleijen-Jonkers YMH. IGF signaling pathway analysis of osteosarcomas reveals the prognostic value of pAKT localization. Future Oncol 2013; 9:1733-40. [DOI: 10.2217/fon.13.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the expression of the IGF signaling pathway components in osteosarcoma samples before and after chemotherapy with special emphasis on their prognostic value. Materials & methods: Tumor material and follow-up data of 58 osteosarcoma patients were analyzed. Immunohistochemical staining was carried out to identify proteins related to the IGF pathway. Changes in protein expression during treatment, correlations between proteins and subsequent influence on survival were tested. Results: Proteins of the IGF signaling system are widely expressed in osteosarcoma samples. We demonstrate a change in expression of intracellular pathway proteins after chemotherapy. Remarkably, cytoplasmic pAKT, but not nuclear pAKT, is associated with poor survival. Conclusion: IGF pathway proteins seem to be widely activated in osteosarcoma, but their expression changes after chemotherapy. This has implications for the timing of both measuring target expression and pathway interference. Our observations on the prognostic value of cytoplasmic pAKT warrant further investigation while considering the introduction of AKT inhibitors for osteosarcoma treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Addy CM van de Luijtgaarden
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Oncology, Internal Postal Code 452, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Melissa HS Roeffen
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Oncology, Internal Postal Code 452, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Manon A Leus
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Oncology, Internal Postal Code 452, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Uta E Flucke
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Department of Pathology, Internal postal code 824, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart HWB Schreuder
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Internal postal code 357, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Winette TA van der Graaf
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Oncology, Internal Postal Code 452, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne MH Versleijen-Jonkers
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Oncology, Internal Postal Code 452, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|