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Entenberg D, Oktay MH, Condeelis JS. Intravital imaging to study cancer progression and metastasis. Nat Rev Cancer 2023; 23:25-42. [PMID: 36385560 PMCID: PMC9912378 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-022-00527-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Navigation through the bulk tumour, entry into the blood vasculature, survival in the circulation, exit at distant sites and resumption of proliferation are all steps necessary for tumour cells to successfully metastasize. The ability of tumour cells to complete these steps is highly dependent on the timing and sequence of the interactions that these cells have with the tumour microenvironment (TME), including stromal cells, the extracellular matrix and soluble factors. The TME thus plays a major role in determining the overall metastatic phenotype of tumours. The complexity and cause-and-effect dynamics of the TME cannot currently be recapitulated in vitro or inferred from studies of fixed tissue, and are best studied in vivo, in real time and at single-cell resolution. Intravital imaging (IVI) offers these capabilities, and recent years have been a time of immense growth and innovation in the field. Here we review some of the recent advances in IVI of mammalian models of cancer and describe how IVI is being used to understand cancer progression and metastasis, and to develop novel treatments and therapies. We describe new techniques that allow access to a range of tissue and cancer types, novel fluorescent reporters and biosensors that allow fate mapping and the probing of functional and phenotypic states, and the clinical applications that have arisen from applying these techniques, reporters and biosensors to study cancer. We finish by presenting some of the challenges that remain in the field, how to address them and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Entenberg
- Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Maja H Oktay
- Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - John S Condeelis
- Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
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2
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Chen Q, Zou J, He Y, Pan Y, Yang G, Zhao H, Huang Y, Zhao Y, Wang A, Chen W, Lu Y. A narrative review of circulating tumor cells clusters: A key morphology of cancer cells in circulation promote hematogenous metastasis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:944487. [PMID: 36059616 PMCID: PMC9434215 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.944487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) that survive in the blood are playing an important role in the metastasis process of tumor. In addition, they have become a tool for tumor diagnosis, prognosis and recurrence monitoring. CTCs can exist in the blood as individual cells or as clumps of aggregated cells. In recent years, more and more studies have shown that clustered CTCs have stronger metastasis ability compared to single CTCs. With the deepening of studies, scholars have found that cancer cells can combine not only with each other, but also with non-tumor cells present in the blood, such as neutrophils, platelets, etc. At the same time, it was confirmed that non-tumor cells bound to CTCs maintain the survival and proliferation of cancer cells through a variety of ways, thus promoting the occurrence and development of tumor. In this review, we collected information on tumorigenesis induced by CTC clusters to make a summary and a discussion about them. Although CTC clusters have recently been considered as a key role in the transition process, many characteristics of them remain to be deeply explored. A detailed understanding of their vulnerability can prospectively pave the way for new inhibitors for metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jueyao Zou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanhong Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gejun Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Han Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing, China
| | - Aiyun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenxing Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing, China
| | - Yin Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing, China
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Charles Jacob HK, Charles Richard JL, Signorelli R, Kashuv T, Lavania S, Vaish U, Boopathy R, Middleton A, Boone MM, Sundaram R, Dudeja V, Saluja AK. Modulation of Early Neutrophil Granulation: The Circulating Tumor Cell-Extravesicular Connection in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112727. [PMID: 34072942 PMCID: PMC8198339 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) found in the blood of pancreatic cancer patients show a worse prognosis to therapy if they are seen in clusters of cells with neutrophils or platelets or with other cell types than when they are seen as singlets. We wanted to investigate if there is a secondary mode of communication between the CTCs and neutrophils that causes them to associate. We describe for the first time an extravesicular (EV) mediated communication between CTCs and neutrophils that modulates early transcriptome changes that can cause neutrophils to partially degranulate and form associations. We also identify the protein cargo carried in such EVs and how when added to naïve neutrophils, they can modulate transcriptomic changes in neutrophils partially disarming them to form clusters rather than undergo specialized cell death, which is characterized by release of condensed chromatin (NETs) and granular contents termed as NETosis. Abstract Tumor cells dissociate from the primary site and enter into systemic circulation (circulating tumor cells, CTCs) either alone or as tumor microemboli (clusters); the latter having an increased predisposition towards forming distal metastases than single CTCs. The formation of clusters is, in part, created by contacts between cell–cell junction proteins and/or cytokine receptor pairs with other cells such as neutrophils, platelets, fibroblasts, etc. In the present study, we provide evidence for an extravesicular (EV) mode of communication between pancreatic cancer CTCs and neutrophils. Our results suggest that the EV proteome of CTCs contain signaling proteins that can modulate degranulation and granule mobilization in neutrophils and, also, contain tissue plasminogen activator and other proteins that can regulate cluster formation. By exposing naïve neutrophils to EVs isolated from CTCs, we further show how these changes are modulated in a dynamic fashion indicating evidence for a deeper EV based remodulatory effect on companion cells in clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrys Kishore Charles Jacob
- Departments of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (H.K.C.J.); (S.L.); (A.M.); (R.S.); (V.D.)
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - John Lalith Charles Richard
- School of Biosciences, Engineering and Technology (SBET), VIT Bhopal University, Madhya Pradesh 466114, India;
| | | | - Tyler Kashuv
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, USA;
| | - Shweta Lavania
- Departments of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (H.K.C.J.); (S.L.); (A.M.); (R.S.); (V.D.)
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Utpreksha Vaish
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA;
| | - Ranjitha Boopathy
- Department of Life Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida 201304, India;
| | - Ashley Middleton
- Departments of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (H.K.C.J.); (S.L.); (A.M.); (R.S.); (V.D.)
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | | | - Ramakrishnan Sundaram
- Departments of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (H.K.C.J.); (S.L.); (A.M.); (R.S.); (V.D.)
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Vikas Dudeja
- Departments of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (H.K.C.J.); (S.L.); (A.M.); (R.S.); (V.D.)
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Life Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida 201304, India;
| | - Ashok Kumar Saluja
- Departments of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (H.K.C.J.); (S.L.); (A.M.); (R.S.); (V.D.)
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-305-243-2703
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4
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Coban B, Bergonzini C, Zweemer AJM, Danen EHJ. Metastasis: crosstalk between tissue mechanics and tumour cell plasticity. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:49-57. [PMID: 33204023 PMCID: PMC7782541 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01150-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that different genetic programmes drive metastasis of solid tumours, the ultimate outcome is the same: tumour cells are empowered to pass a series of physical hurdles to escape the primary tumour and disseminate to other organs. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been proposed to drive the detachment of individual cells from primary tumour masses and facilitate the subsequent establishment of metastases in distant organs. However, this concept has been challenged by observations from pathologists and from studies in animal models, in which partial and transient acquisition of mesenchymal traits is seen but tumour cells travel collectively rather than as individuals. In this review, we discuss how crosstalk between a hybrid E/M state and variations in the mechanical aspects of the tumour microenvironment can provide tumour cells with the plasticity required for strategies to navigate surrounding tissues en route to dissemination. Targeting such plasticity provides therapeutic opportunities to combat metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bircan Coban
- Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cecilia Bergonzini
- Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Annelien J M Zweemer
- Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Erik H J Danen
- Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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5
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Hurtado P, Martínez-Pena I, Piñeiro R. Dangerous Liaisons: Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) and Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs). Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2861. [PMID: 33027902 PMCID: PMC7599894 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The crosstalk between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) is a key determinant of cancer metastasis. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), one of the main cellular components of TME, promote cancer cell invasion and dissemination through mechanisms including cell-cell interactions and the paracrine secretion of growth factors, cytokines and chemokines. During metastasis, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are shed from the primary tumor to the bloodstream, where they can be detected as single cells or clusters. The current knowledge about the biology of CTC clusters positions them as key actors in metastasis formation. It also indicates that CTCs do not act alone and that they may be aided by stromal and immune cells, which seem to shape their metastatic potential. Among these cells, CAFs are found associated with CTCs in heterotypic CTC clusters, and their presence seems to increase their metastatic efficiency. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the role that CAFs play on metastasis and we discuss their implication on the biogenesis, metastasis-initiating capacity of CTC clusters, and clinical implications. Moreover, we speculate about possible therapeutic strategies aimed to limit the metastatic potential of CTC clusters involving the targeting of CAFs as well as their difficulties and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Hurtado
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Oncomet, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (P.H.); (I.M.-P.)
| | - Inés Martínez-Pena
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Oncomet, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (P.H.); (I.M.-P.)
| | - Roberto Piñeiro
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Oncomet, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (P.H.); (I.M.-P.)
- CIBERONC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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6
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Alexandrova AY, Chikina AS, Svitkina TM. Actin cytoskeleton in mesenchymal-to-amoeboid transition of cancer cells. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 356:197-256. [PMID: 33066874 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During development of metastasis, tumor cells migrate through different tissues and encounter different extracellular matrices. An ability of cells to adapt mechanisms of their migration to these diverse environmental conditions, called migration plasticity, gives tumor cells an advantage over normal cells for long distant dissemination. Different modes of individual cell motility-mesenchymal and amoeboid-are driven by different molecular mechanisms, which largely depend on functions of the actin cytoskeleton that can be modulated in a wide range by cellular signaling mechanisms in response to environmental conditions. Various triggers can switch one motility mode to another, but regulations of these transitions are incompletely understood. However, understanding of the mechanisms driving migration plasticity is instrumental for finding anti-cancer treatment capable to stop cancer metastasis. In this review, we discuss cytoskeletal features, which allow the individually migrating cells to switch between mesenchymal and amoeboid migrating modes, called mesenchymal-to-amoeboid transition (MAT). We briefly describe main characteristics of different cell migration modes, and then discuss the triggering factors that initiate MAT with special attention to cytoskeletal features essential for migration plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonina Y Alexandrova
- Laboratory of Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Aleksandra S Chikina
- Cell Migration and Invasion and Spatio-Temporal Regulation of Antigen Presentation teams, UMR144/U932 Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Tatyana M Svitkina
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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7
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Costa C, Muinelo-Romay L, Cebey-López V, Pereira-Veiga T, Martínez-Pena I, Abreu M, Abalo A, Lago-Lestón RM, Abuín C, Palacios P, Cueva J, Piñeiro R, López-López R. Analysis of a Real-World Cohort of Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients Shows Circulating Tumor Cell Clusters (CTC-clusters) as Predictors of Patient Outcomes. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051111. [PMID: 32365530 PMCID: PMC7281711 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cell (CTC) enumeration has emerged as a powerful biomarker for the assessment of prognosis and the response to treatment in metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Moreover, clinical evidences show that CTC-cluster counts add prognostic information to CTC enumeration, however, their significance is not well understood, and more clinical evidences are needed. We aim to evaluate the prognostic value of longitudinally collected single CTCs and CTC-clusters in a heterogeneous real-world cohort of 54 MBC patients. Blood samples were longitudinally collected at baseline and follow up. CTC and CTC-cluster enumeration was performed using the CellSearch® system. Associations with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards modelling. Elevated CTC counts and CTC-clusters at baseline were significantly associated with a shorter survival time. In joint analysis, patients with high CTC counts and CTC-cluster at baseline were at a higher risk of progression and death, and longitudinal analysis showed that patients with CTC-clusters had significantly shorter survival compared to patients without clusters. Moreover, patients with CTC-cluster of a larger size were at a higher risk of death. A longitudinal analysis of a real-world cohort of MBC patients indicates that CTC-clusters analysis provides additional prognostic value to single CTC enumeration, and that CTC-cluster size correlates with patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clotilde Costa
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Oncomet, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (C.C.); (T.P.-V.); (I.M.-P.); (C.A.); (R.L.-L.)
- CIBERONC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Laura Muinelo-Romay
- CIBERONC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.A.); (A.A.); (R.M.L.-L.)
| | - Victor Cebey-López
- Department of Oncology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (V.C.-L.); (P.P.); (J.C.)
| | - Thais Pereira-Veiga
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Oncomet, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (C.C.); (T.P.-V.); (I.M.-P.); (C.A.); (R.L.-L.)
| | - Inés Martínez-Pena
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Oncomet, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (C.C.); (T.P.-V.); (I.M.-P.); (C.A.); (R.L.-L.)
| | - Manuel Abreu
- Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.A.); (A.A.); (R.M.L.-L.)
| | - Alicia Abalo
- Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.A.); (A.A.); (R.M.L.-L.)
| | - Ramón M. Lago-Lestón
- Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.A.); (A.A.); (R.M.L.-L.)
| | - Carmen Abuín
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Oncomet, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (C.C.); (T.P.-V.); (I.M.-P.); (C.A.); (R.L.-L.)
| | - Patricia Palacios
- Department of Oncology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (V.C.-L.); (P.P.); (J.C.)
| | - Juan Cueva
- Department of Oncology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (V.C.-L.); (P.P.); (J.C.)
| | - Roberto Piñeiro
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Oncomet, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (C.C.); (T.P.-V.); (I.M.-P.); (C.A.); (R.L.-L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-981-955-602
| | - Rafael López-López
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Oncomet, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (C.C.); (T.P.-V.); (I.M.-P.); (C.A.); (R.L.-L.)
- CIBERONC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.A.); (A.A.); (R.M.L.-L.)
- Department of Oncology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (V.C.-L.); (P.P.); (J.C.)
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8
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Relevance of CTC Clusters in Breast Cancer Metastasis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1220:93-115. [PMID: 32304082 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-35805-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the major cause of mortality in patients with breast cancer; however, the mechanisms of tumor cell dissemination and metastasis formation are not well established yet. The study of circulating tumour cells (CTCs), the metastatic precursors of distant disease, may help in this search. CTCs can be found in the blood of cancer patients as single cells or as tumor cell aggregates, known as CTC clusters. CTC clusters have differential biological features such as an enhanced survival and metastatic potential, and they hold great promises for the evaluation of prognosis, diagnosis and therapy of the metastatic cancer. The analysis of CTC clusters offers new insights into the mechanism of metastasis and can guide towards the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to suppress cancer metastasis. This has become possible thanks to the development of improved technologies for detection of CTCs and CTC clusters. However, more efficient methods are needed in order to address important questions regarding the metastatic potential of CTC and future clinical applications. In this chapter, we explore the current knowledge on the role of CTC clusters in breast cancer metastasis, their origin, metastatic advantages and clinical importance.
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9
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Circulating tumor cell as the functional aspect of liquid biopsy to understand the metastatic cascade in solid cancer. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 72:100816. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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10
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The contribution of platelets to intravascular arrest, extravasation, and outgrowth of disseminated tumor cells. Clin Exp Metastasis 2020; 37:47-67. [PMID: 31758288 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-019-10009-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Platelets are primarily known for their contribution to hemostasis and subsequent wound healing. In addition to these functions, platelets play a role in the process of metastasis. Since the first study that suggested a metastasis-promoting function for platelets was published in 1968, various mechanisms have been proposed to explain how platelets contribute to the metastatic process. These include roles in the intravascular arrest of tumor cells, in tumor cell transendothelial migration, in the degradation of basement membrane barriers, in migration and invasion at the metastatic site, and in the proliferation of disseminated tumor cells. Nevertheless, conflicting observations about the role of platelets in these processes have also been reported. Here, we review the in vivo evidence that supports a role for platelets in metastasis formation, propose several scenarios for the contribution of platelets to tumor cell arrest and transendothelial migration, and discuss the evidence that platelets contribute to metastatic invasion and outgrowth.
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11
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Keomanee-Dizon K, Shishido SN, Kuhn P. Circulating Tumor Cells: High-Throughput Imaging of CTCs and Bioinformatic Analysis. Recent Results Cancer Res 2020; 215:89-104. [PMID: 31605225 PMCID: PMC7679175 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-26439-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) represent novel biomarkers, since they are obtainable through a simple and noninvasive blood draw or liquid biopsy. Here, we review the high-definition single-cell analysis (HD-SCA) workflow, which brings together modern methods of immunofluorescence with more sophisticated image processing to rapidly and accurately detect rare tumor cells among the milieu of platelets, erythrocytes, and leukocytes in the peripheral blood. In particular, we discuss progress in methods to measure CTC morphology and subcellular protein expression, and we highlight some initial applications that lead to fundamental new insights about the hematogenous phase of cancer, as well as its performance in early-stage diagnosis and treatment monitoring. We end with an outlook on how to further probe CTCs and the unique advantages of the HD-SCA workflow for improving the precision of cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Keomanee-Dizon
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, 1002 W. Childs Way, Los Angeles, 90089-3502, CA, United States
- Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, 1002 W. Childs Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States
| | - Stephanie N Shishido
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, 1002 W. Childs Way, Los Angeles, 90089-3502, CA, United States
| | - Peter Kuhn
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, 1002 W. Childs Way, Los Angeles, 90089-3502, CA, United States.
- Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, 1002 W. Childs Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States.
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12
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Akolkar D, Patil D, Crook T, Limaye S, Page R, Datta V, Patil R, Sims C, Ranade A, Fulmali P, Fulmali P, Srivastava N, Devhare P, Apurwa S, Patel S, Patil S, Adhav A, Pawar S, Ainwale A, Chougule R, Apastamb M, Srinivasan A, Datar R. Circulating ensembles of tumor-associated cells: A redoubtable new systemic hallmark of cancer. Int J Cancer 2019; 146:3485-3494. [PMID: 31785151 PMCID: PMC7217040 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Circulating ensembles of tumor‐associated cells (C‐ETACs) which comprise tumor emboli, immune cells and fibroblasts pose well‐recognized risks of thrombosis and aggressive metastasis. However, the detection, prevalence and characterization of C‐ETACs have been impaired due to methodological difficulties. Our findings show extensive pan‐cancer prevalence of C‐ETACs on a hitherto unreported scale in cancer patients and virtual undetectability in asymptomatic individuals. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from blood samples of 16,134 subjects including 5,509 patients with epithelial malignancies in various organs and 10,625 asymptomatic individuals with age related higher cancer risk. PBMCs were treated with stabilizing reagents to protect and harvest apoptosis‐resistant C‐ETACs, which are defined as cell clusters comprising at least three EpCAM+ and CK+ cells irrespective of leucocyte common antigen (CD45) status. All asymptomatic individuals underwent screening investigations for malignancy including PAP smear, mammography, low‐dose computed tomography, evaluation of cancer antigen 125, cancer antigen 19‐9, alpha fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels and clinical examination to identify healthy individuals with no indication of cancer. C‐ETACs were detected in 4,944 (89.8%, 95% CI: 89.0–90.7%) out of 5,509 cases of cancer. C‐ETACs were detected in 255 (3%, 95% CI: 2.7–3.4%) of the 8,493 individuals with no abnormal findings in screening. C‐ETACs were detected in 137 (6.4%, 95% CI: 5.4–7.4%) of the 2,132 asymptomatic individuals with abnormal results in one or more screening tests. Our study shows that heterotypic C‐ETACs are ubiquitous in epithelial cancers irrespective of radiological, metastatic or therapy status. C‐ETACs thus qualify to be a systemic hallmark of cancer. What's new? Circulating Ensembles of Tumor Associated Cells (C‐ETACs) comprised of tumor emboli, immune cells, and fibroblasts pose well‐recognized risks of thrombosis and aggressive metastasis. However, the detection and characterization of C‐ETACs have been impaired by methodological difficulties. Here, the authors have developed a label‐free non‐mechanical process that permits enrichment of viable apoptosis‐resistant C‐ETACs from peripheral blood. They show that heterotypic C‐ETACs are not merely incidental findings in cancer but rather a systemic manifestation of malignancy. C‐ETACs are present in a significant proportion of all solid organ malignancies and are rare in asymptomatic individuals. Monitoring of C‐ETACs could help inform cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dadasaheb Akolkar
- Department of Research and Innovations, Datar Cancer Genetics Limited, Nasik, India
| | - Darshana Patil
- Department of Research and Innovations, Datar Cancer Genetics Limited, Nasik, India
| | - Timothy Crook
- St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Sewanti Limaye
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Raymond Page
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Vineet Datta
- Department of Research and Innovations, Datar Cancer Genetics Limited, Nasik, India
| | - Revati Patil
- Department of Research and Innovations, Datar Cancer Genetics Limited, Nasik, India
| | - Cynthe Sims
- Department of Research and Innovations, Datar Cancer Genetics Limited, Nasik, India
| | | | - Pradeep Fulmali
- Department of Research and Innovations, Datar Cancer Genetics Limited, Nasik, India
| | - Pooja Fulmali
- Department of Research and Innovations, Datar Cancer Genetics Limited, Nasik, India
| | - Navin Srivastava
- Department of Research and Innovations, Datar Cancer Genetics Limited, Nasik, India
| | - Pradip Devhare
- Department of Research and Innovations, Datar Cancer Genetics Limited, Nasik, India
| | - Sachin Apurwa
- Department of Research and Innovations, Datar Cancer Genetics Limited, Nasik, India
| | - Shoeb Patel
- Department of Research and Innovations, Datar Cancer Genetics Limited, Nasik, India
| | - Sanket Patil
- Department of Research and Innovations, Datar Cancer Genetics Limited, Nasik, India
| | - Archana Adhav
- Department of Research and Innovations, Datar Cancer Genetics Limited, Nasik, India
| | - Sushant Pawar
- Department of Research and Innovations, Datar Cancer Genetics Limited, Nasik, India
| | - Akshay Ainwale
- Department of Research and Innovations, Datar Cancer Genetics Limited, Nasik, India
| | - Rohit Chougule
- Department of Research and Innovations, Datar Cancer Genetics Limited, Nasik, India
| | - Madhavi Apastamb
- Department of Research and Innovations, Datar Cancer Genetics Limited, Nasik, India
| | - Ajay Srinivasan
- Department of Research and Innovations, Datar Cancer Genetics Limited, Nasik, India
| | - Rajan Datar
- Department of Research and Innovations, Datar Cancer Genetics Limited, Nasik, India
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13
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Zavyalova MV, Denisov EV, Tashireva LA, Savelieva OE, Kaigorodova EV, Krakhmal NV, Perelmuter VM. Intravasation as a Key Step in Cancer Metastasis. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:762-772. [PMID: 31509727 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297919070071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intravasation is a key step in cancer metastasis during which tumor cells penetrate the vessel wall and enter circulation, thereby becoming circulating tumor cells and potential metastatic seeds. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of intravasation is critically important for the development of therapeutic strategies to prevent metastasis. In this article, we review current data on the mechanisms of cancer cell intravasation into the blood and lymphatic vessels. The entry of mature thymocytes into the circulation and of dendritic cells into the regional lymph nodes is considered as example of intravasation under physiologically normal conditions. Intravasation in a pathophysiological state is illustrated by the reverse transendothelial migration of leukocytes into the bloodstream from the sites of inflammation mediated by the sphingosine 1-phosphate interaction with its receptors. Intravasation involves both invasion-dependent and independent mechanisms. In particular, mesenchymal and amoeboid cell invasion, as well as neoangiogenesis and vascular remodeling, are discussed to play a significant role in the entry of tumor cells to the circulation. Special attention is given to the contribution of macrophages to the intravasation via the CSF1/EGF (colony stimulating factor 1/epidermal growth factor) paracrine signaling pathway and the TMEM (tumor microenvironment of metastasis)-mediated mechanisms. Other mechanisms including intravasation of tumor cell clusters surrounded by the vessel wall elements, cooperative intravasation (entry of non-invasive tumor cells to the circulation following invasive tumor cells), and intravasation associated with the vasculogenic mimicry (formation of vascular channels by tumor cells) are also discussed. Novel intravasation-specific mechanisms that have not yet been described in the literature are suggested. The importance of targeted therapeutic strategies to prevent cancer intravasation is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Zavyalova
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, 634009, Russia.,Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - E V Denisov
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, 634009, Russia
| | - L A Tashireva
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, 634009, Russia.
| | - O E Savelieva
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, 634009, Russia
| | - E V Kaigorodova
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, 634009, Russia.,Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - N V Krakhmal
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, 634009, Russia.,Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - V M Perelmuter
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, 634009, Russia
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14
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Mizukoshi K, Okazawa Y, Haeno H, Koyama Y, Sulidan K, Komiyama H, Saeki H, Ohtsuji N, Ito Y, Kojima Y, Goto M, Habu S, Hino O, Sakamoto K, Orimo A. Metastatic seeding of human colon cancer cell clusters expressing the hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal state. Int J Cancer 2019; 146:2547-2562. [PMID: 31506938 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence supports the theory that tumor cell clusters efficiently metastasize to distant organs. However, the roles of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in metastasizing tumor cell clusters have not yet been fully elucidated. To investigate this issue, tumor fragments were dissected from 40 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and implanted subcutaneously into immunodeficient mice. We observed that tumors developed from the tumor fragments obtained from 28 of the 40 CRC patients. The tumors were then dissociated into cell suspensions to be orthotopically injected into secondary mice. The tumors from 13 of the 28 patients progressed. Furthermore, metastases formed spontaneously in the liver and lungs from the tumor fragments obtained from 8 of these 13 patients. Moreover, employing a mathematical analysis, we showed that tumor cell clusters seeded these metastases significantly more often than did single tumor cells. Membrane E-cadherin- and nuclear ZEB1-positive tumor cells indicating the hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal state were also detected in primary tumors of various CRC patients, and in the corresponding patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) and circulating tumor cell clusters in the bloodstreams of mice. In contrast, ZEB1 staining was barely detectable in the patient-matched liver metastases presumably developing through mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition. Inhibition of E-cadherin or ZEB1 expression by shRNA notably prevented the PDX-derived tumor organoids from colonizing the liver, when injected intrasplenically into mice, indicating E-cadherin and ZEB1 expressions to be required for their metastatic colonization. Taken together, these findings suggest that the epithelial/mesenchymal state mediates metastatic seeding of human CRC cell clusters into distant organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Mizukoshi
- Department of Coloproctological Surgery, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Okazawa
- Department of Coloproctological Surgery, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Haeno
- Division of Translational Genomics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yu Koyama
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Oral Pathobiological Science and Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaidiliayi Sulidan
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Komiyama
- Department of Coloproctological Surgery, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Harumi Saeki
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naomi Ohtsuji
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Ito
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kojima
- Department of Coloproctological Surgery, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michitoshi Goto
- Department of Coloproctological Surgery, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sonoko Habu
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Okio Hino
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sakamoto
- Department of Coloproctological Surgery, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Orimo
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Paoletti C, Miao J, Dolce EM, Darga EP, Repollet MI, Doyle GV, Gralow JR, Hortobagyi GN, Smerage JB, Barlow WE, Hayes DF. Circulating Tumor Cell Clusters in Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer: a SWOG S0500 Translational Medicine Study. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:6089-6097. [PMID: 31358544 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Metastasis requires malignant cell circulation from the primary to a distant tissue. Elevated levels of circulating tumor cells (CTC) portend a poor prognosis in breast and other cancers. Recent studies have suggested that CTC clusters may be a factor in the metastatic process. We conducted a prospective retrospective study of the SWOG0500 clinical trial to test whether CTC clusters are associated with poorer prognosis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN CTC CellSearch galleries from SWOG0500 trial were reread using prespecified criteria for CTC clusters, doublets, and enumeration. Survival analysis methods include Kaplan-Meier plots and log-rank tests. RESULTS Patients were classified into three prognostic subgroups based on baseline CTC/7.5 mL whole blood (WB): Arm A: <5CTC; Arm B/C: ≥5CTC and then B (<5CTC) and C (≥5CTC)/7.5 mL WB at first follow-up. At baseline, 19% of patients had CTC doublets or clusters, which were more likely in Arm B/C versus Arm A (38% vs. 1.4%; P < 0.0001). Furthermore, doublets or clusters were significantly more common in patients who were ultimately assigned to Arm C versus B (54% vs. 25%; P < 0.0001). In Arm C, doublets and clusters were associated with worse overall survival than only doublets, clusters, or no doublets nor clusters at baseline (P = 0.008) and first follow-up (P = 0.010). When compared with enumeration alone, doublets, clusters, or both were not prognostic in patients who had 5-19 or ≥20 CTC/7.5 mL WB. CONCLUSIONS In patients with metastatic breast cancer starting first-line chemotherapy, mortality is independent of the presence of CTC clusters, but rather depends on the number of CTC/7.5 mL WB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Paoletti
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
| | | | - Emily M Dolce
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Elizabeth P Darga
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | | | | | - Gabriel N Hortobagyi
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jeffrey B Smerage
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Daniel F Hayes
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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16
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Santoni M, Cimadamore A, Cheng L, Lopez-Beltran A, Battelli N, Massari F, Scarpelli M, Galosi AB, Bracarda S, Montironi R. Circulating Tumor Cells in Renal Cell Carcinoma: Recent Findings and Future Challenges. Front Oncol 2019; 9:228. [PMID: 31024837 PMCID: PMC6460373 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessia Cimadamore
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, Ancona, Italy
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrea Benedetto Galosi
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Sergio Bracarda
- Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera S. Maria, Terni, Italy
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17
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Circulating Tumor Cells for the Management of Renal Cell Carcinoma. Diagnostics (Basel) 2018; 8:diagnostics8030063. [PMID: 30177639 PMCID: PMC6164661 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics8030063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma is a highly malignant cancer that would benefit from non-invasive innovative markers providing early diagnosis and recurrence detection. Circulating tumor cells are a particularly promising marker of tumor invasion that could be used to improve the management of patients with RCC. However, the extensive genetic and immunophenotypic heterogeneity of cells from RCC and their trend to transition to the mesenchymal phenotype when they circulate in blood constitute a challenge for their sensitive and specific detection. This review analyzes published studies targeting CTC in patients with RCC, in the context of the biological, pathological, and molecular complexity of this particular cancer. Although further analytical and clinical studies are needed to pinpoint the most suitable approach for highly sensitive CTC detection in RCC patients, it is clear that this field can bring a relevant guide to clinicians and help to RCC patients. Furthermore, as described, a particular subtype of RCC-the ccRCC-can be used as a model to study the relationship between cytomorphological and genetic cellular markers of malignancy, an important issue for the study of CTC from any type of solid cancer.
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18
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Circulating tumor microemboli: Progress in molecular understanding and enrichment technologies. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1367-1389. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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19
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Braun AC, de Mello CAL, Corassa M, Abdallah EA, Urvanegia AC, Alves VS, Flores BCTCP, Díaz M, Nicolau UR, Silva VSE, Calsavara V, Paterlini-Brechót P, Chinen LTD. EGFR expression in circulating tumor cells from high-grade metastatic soft tissue sarcomas. Cancer Biol Ther 2018; 19:454-460. [PMID: 29394136 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2018.1433498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Soft tissue Sarcomas (STS) are rare malignances, with high mortality rates. Half of patients develop metastasis. The presence of isolated Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) and Circulating Tumor Microemboli (CTM) in the blood may be early markers of tumor invasion. Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) family receptors can also influence this process. OBJECTIVES to quantify CTCs and identify CTM as well as the EGF Receptor (EGFR) protein expression in these cells and correlate with clinical outcome in metastatic STS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Approximately 8mL of blood was prospectively collected from patients with different types of high-grade STS, before the beginning of chemotherapy. The samples were processed and filtered by ISET (Rarecells, France) for the isolation and quantification of CTCs and CTMs. EGFR expression was analyzed by immunocytochemistry (ICC) on CTCs/ CTMs. RESULTS We analyzed 18 patients with median age of 49 years (18-77 y). The positivity for EGFR protein expression in CTCs was observed in 93.75% of the patients. This result shows that targeting EGFR positive CTCs from STS origen can be translated in clinical benefit for some patients. In addition, if target therapy is chosen, the EGFR expression in CTCs can be used in follow-up to measure treatment effectiveness. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to demonstrate the expression of EGFR protein in CTCs from sarcoma patients. It may open an area for future investigations. The next step is to characterize CTCs in a larger cohort of patients to better understand the role of EGFR in sustaining tumor metastasis in sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexcia Camila Braun
- a International Research Center; A. C. Camargo Cancer Center , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Corassa
- b Department of Clinical Oncology , A. C. Camargo Cancer Center , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - Emne Ali Abdallah
- a International Research Center; A. C. Camargo Cancer Center , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Urvanegia
- b Department of Clinical Oncology , A. C. Camargo Cancer Center , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - Vanessa Silva Alves
- a International Research Center; A. C. Camargo Cancer Center , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - Bianca C T C P Flores
- a International Research Center; A. C. Camargo Cancer Center , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - Mônica Díaz
- a International Research Center; A. C. Camargo Cancer Center , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | | | - Virgilio Souza E Silva
- b Department of Clinical Oncology , A. C. Camargo Cancer Center , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - Vinicius Calsavara
- a International Research Center; A. C. Camargo Cancer Center , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | | | - Ludmilla Thomé Domingos Chinen
- a International Research Center; A. C. Camargo Cancer Center , São Paulo , SP , Brazil.,d National Institute for Science and Technology in Oncogenomics and Therapeutic Innovation
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20
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Fanelli MF, Oliveira TB, Braun AC, Corassa M, Abdallah EA, Nicolau UR, da Silva Alves V, Garcia D, Calsavara VF, Kowalski LP, Chinen LTD. Evaluation of incidence, significance, and prognostic role of circulating tumor microemboli and transforming growth factor-β receptor I in head and neck cancer. Head Neck 2017; 39:2283-2292. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.24899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marcelo Corassa
- Department of Medical Oncology; A.C. Camargo Cancer Center; São Paulo SP Brazil
- International Research Center; A.C. Camargo Cancer Center; São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Emne Ali Abdallah
- International Research Center; A.C. Camargo Cancer Center; São Paulo SP Brazil
| | | | | | - Daniel Garcia
- Department of Medical Oncology; A.C. Camargo Cancer Center; São Paulo SP Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Paulo Kowalski
- Head and Neck Surgery and Otolaryngology Department; A.C. Camargo Cancer Center; São Paulo SP Brazil
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21
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Mohan S, Chemi F, Brady G. Challenges and unanswered questions for the next decade of circulating tumour cell research in lung cancer. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2017; 6:454-472. [PMID: 28904889 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr.2017.06.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Since blood borne circulating tumour cells (CTCs) initially shed from the primary tumour can seed and initiate metastasis at distant sites a better understanding of the biology of CTCs and their dissemination could provide valuable information that could guide therapeutic intervention and real time monitoring of disease progression. Although CTC enumeration has provided a reliable prognostic readout for a number of cancers, including lung cancer, the precise clinical utility of CTCs remains to be established. The rarity of CTCs together with the vanishingly small amounts of nucleic acids present in a single cell as well as cell to cell heterogeneity has stimulated the development of a wide range of powerful cellular and molecular methodologies applied to CTCs. These technical developments are now enabling researchers to focus on understanding the biology of CTCs and their clinical utility as a predictive and pharmacodynamics markers. This review summarises recent advances in the field of CTC research with focus on technical and biological challenges as well the progress made towards clinical utility of characterisation of CTCs with emphasis on studies in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumitra Mohan
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, CRUK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Francesca Chemi
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, CRUK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ged Brady
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, CRUK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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22
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Jolly MK, Ware KE, Gilja S, Somarelli JA, Levine H. EMT and MET: necessary or permissive for metastasis? Mol Oncol 2017; 11:755-769. [PMID: 28548345 PMCID: PMC5496498 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its reverse mesenchymal‐to‐epithelial transition (MET) have been suggested to play crucial roles in metastatic dissemination of carcinomas. These phenotypic transitions between states are not binary. Instead, carcinoma cells often exhibit a spectrum of epithelial/mesenchymal phenotype(s). While epithelial/mesenchymal plasticity has been observed preclinically and clinically, whether any of these phenotypic transitions are indispensable for metastatic outgrowth remains an unanswered question. Here, we focus on epithelial/mesenchymal plasticity in metastatic dissemination and propose alternative mechanisms for successful dissemination and metastases beyond the traditional EMT/MET view. We highlight multiple hypotheses that can help reconcile conflicting observations, and outline the next set of key questions that can offer valuable insights into mechanisms of metastasis in multiple tumor models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kathryn E Ware
- Duke Cancer Institute & Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Shivee Gilja
- Duke Cancer Institute & Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jason A Somarelli
- Duke Cancer Institute & Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Herbert Levine
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
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23
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Thiele JA, Bethel K, Králíčková M, Kuhn P. Circulating Tumor Cells: Fluid Surrogates of Solid Tumors. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 12:419-447. [PMID: 28135562 PMCID: PMC7846475 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-052016-100256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Evaluation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) has demonstrated clinical validity as a prognostic tool based on enumeration, but since the introduction of this tool to the clinic in 2004, further clinical utility and widespread adoption have been limited. However, immense efforts have been undertaken to further the understanding of the mechanisms behind the biology and kinetics of these rare cells, and progress continues toward better applicability in the clinic. This review describes recent advances within the field, with a particular focus on understanding the biological significance of CTCs, and summarizes emerging methods for identifying, isolating, and interrogating the cells that may provide technical advantages allowing for the discovery of more specific clinical applications. Included is an atlas of high-definition images of CTCs from various cancer types, including uncommon CTCs captured only by broadly inclusive nonenrichment techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-A Thiele
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - K Bethel
- Scripps Clinic Medical Group, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, California 92121
| | - M Králíčková
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, 301 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - P Kuhn
- Bridge Institute, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
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Fabisiewicz A, Grzybowska E. CTC clusters in cancer progression and metastasis. Med Oncol 2016; 34:12. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-016-0875-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Pandya P, Orgaz JL, Sanz-Moreno V. Modes of invasion during tumour dissemination. Mol Oncol 2016; 11:5-27. [PMID: 28085224 PMCID: PMC5423224 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell migration and invasion underlie metastatic dissemination, one of the major problems in cancer. Tumour cells exhibit a striking variety of invasion strategies. Importantly, cancer cells can switch between invasion modes in order to cope with challenging environments. This ability to switch migratory modes or plasticity highlights the challenges behind antimetastasis therapy design. In this Review, we present current knowledge on different tumour invasion strategies, the determinants controlling plasticity and arising therapeutic opportunities. We propose that targeting master regulators controlling plasticity is needed to hinder tumour dissemination and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pahini Pandya
- Tumour Plasticity Team, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, UK
| | - Jose L Orgaz
- Tumour Plasticity Team, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, UK
| | - Victoria Sanz-Moreno
- Tumour Plasticity Team, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, UK
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Hong Y, Fang F, Zhang Q. Circulating tumor cell clusters: What we know and what we expect (Review). Int J Oncol 2016; 49:2206-2216. [PMID: 27779656 PMCID: PMC5117994 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The major cause of cancer-associated mortality is tumor metastasis, a disease that is far from understood. Many studies have observed circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in patients' circulation systems, and a few latest investigations showed that CTC clusters have a potentially high capacity of metastasis. The capture and analysis of CTC clusters offer new insights into tumor metastasis and can facilitate the development of cancer treatments. We reviewed the research history of the CTC clusters, as well as the technologies used for detecting and isolating CTC clusters. In addition, we discuss the characteristics of CTC clusters and their roles in tumor dissemination. Clinical relevance of CTC clusters was also implicated in currently limited data. Moving forward, the next frontier in this field is to develop more efficient capture methods and decipher conundrums of characterization of CTC clusters. This will ultimately identify the clinical value of CTC clusters as a biomarker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Hong
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Francia Fang
- Trinity College of Arts and Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
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Dean ZS, Elias P, Jamilpour N, Utzinger U, Wong PK. Probing 3D Collective Cancer Invasion Using Double-Stranded Locked Nucleic Acid Biosensors. Anal Chem 2016; 88:8902-7. [PMID: 27529634 PMCID: PMC5488859 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and metastases are responsible for over 90% of human cancer deaths. There is an urgent need to develop novel therapeutics for suppressing cancer invasion, the initial step of metastasis. Nevertheless, the regulation of cancer invasion is poorly understood due to a paucity of tools for monitoring the invasion process in 3D microenvironments. Here, we report a double-stranded locked nucleic acid (dsLNA) biosensor for investigating 3D collective cancer invasion. By incorporating multiphoton microscopy and the dsLNA biosensor, we perform dynamic single cell gene expression analysis while simultaneously characterizing the biomechanical interaction between the invading sprouts and the extracellular matrix. Gene profiling of invasive leader cells and detached cells suggest distinctive signaling mechanisms involved in collective and individual invasion in the 3D microenvironment. Our results underscore the involvement of Notch signaling in 3D collective cancer invasion, which warrants further investigation toward antimetastasis therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary S. Dean
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Paul Elias
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Nima Jamilpour
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Urs Utzinger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Pak Kin Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States,Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States,Corresponding Author: Phone: +1-814-863-5267.
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Abstract
Circulating Tumor Cells (CTC) are shed from primary or secondary tumors. Prior studies have demonstrated that enumeration of CTC is a robust independent prognostic factor of progression free and overall survival in patients with early and metastatic breast cancer. CTC, as well as other circulating tumor markers, have the appealing advantages over tissue biopsy of (1) ease of collection, (2) serial evaluation, and (3) interrogation of the entire tumor burden instead of just a limited part of the tumor. Advances have been recently made in phenotyping and genotyping of CTC, which should provide insights into the predictive role of CTC for sensitivity or resistance to therapies. In addition, CTC phenotypic marker changes during the course of treatment may serve as pharmacodynamic monitoring tools. Therefore, CTC may be considered "liquid biopsies," providing prognostic and predictive clinical information as well as additional understanding of tumor heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Paoletti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Health and Hospital System, 6312 Cancer Center University of Michigan, 1500 Medical Center Drive, 48109, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniel F Hayes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Health and Hospital System, 6312 Cancer Center University of Michigan, 1500 Medical Center Drive, 48109, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Jansson S, Bendahl PO, Larsson AM, Aaltonen KE, Rydén L. Prognostic impact of circulating tumor cell apoptosis and clusters in serial blood samples from patients with metastatic breast cancer in a prospective observational cohort. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:433. [PMID: 27390845 PMCID: PMC4938919 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2406-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Presence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is a validated prognostic marker in metastatic breast cancer. Additional prognostic information may be obtained by morphologic characterization of CTCs. We explored whether apoptotic CTCs, CTC clusters and leukocytes attached to CTCs are associated with breast cancer subtype and prognosis at base-line (BL) and in follow-up (FU) blood samples in patients with metastatic breast cancer scheduled for first-line systemic treatment. Methods Patients with a first metastatic breast cancer event were enrolled in a prospective observational study prior to therapy initiation and the CellSearch system (Janssen Diagnostics) was used for CTC enumeration and characterization. We enrolled patients (N = 52) with ≥5 CTC/7.5 ml blood at BL (median 45, range 5–668) and followed them with blood sampling for 6 months during therapy. CTCs were evaluated for apoptotic changes, CTC clusters (≥3 nuclei), and leukocytes associated with CTC (WBC-CTC, ≥1 CTC + ≥1 leukocytes) at all time-points by visual examination of the galleries generated by the CellTracks Analyzer. Results At BL, patients with triple-negative and HER2-positive breast cancer had blood CTC clusters present more frequently than patients with hormone receptor-positive cancer (P = 0.010). No morphologic characteristics were associated with prognosis at BL, whereas patients with apoptotic CTCs or clusters in FU samples had worse prognosis compared to patients without these characteristics with respect to progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) (log-rank test: P = 0.0012 or lower). Patients with apoptotic or clustered CTCs at any time-point had impaired prognosis in multivariable analyses adjusting for number of CTCs and other prognostic factors (apoptosis: HROS = 25, P < 0.001; cluster: HROS = 7.0, P = 0.006). The presence of WBC-CTCs was significantly associated with an inferior prognosis in terms of OS at 6 months in multivariable analysis. Conclusions Patients with a continuous presence of apoptotic or clustered CTCs in FU samples after systemic therapy initiation had worse prognosis than patients without these CTC characteristics. In patients with ≥5 CTC/7.5 ml blood at BL, morphologic characterization of persistent CTCs could be an important prognostic marker during treatment, in addition to CTC enumeration alone. Clinical Trials (NCT01322893), registration date 21 March 2011 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2406-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Jansson
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Medicon Village, SE-223 81, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pär-Ola Bendahl
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Medicon Village, SE-223 81, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna-Maria Larsson
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Medicon Village, SE-223 81, Lund, Sweden.,Translational Cancer Research, Medicon Village, Lund University, SE-223 81, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kristina E Aaltonen
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Medicon Village, SE-223 81, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lisa Rydén
- Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, SE-214 28, Malmö, Sweden. .,Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Surgery, Lund University, Medicon Village, SE-223 81, Lund, Sweden.
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Abstract
The process of entering the bloodstream, intravasation, is a necessary step in the development of distant metastases. The focus of this review is on the pathways and molecules that have been identified as being important based on current in vitro and in vivo assays for intravasation. Properties of the vasculature which are important for intravasation include microvessel density and also diameter of the vasculature, with increased intravasation correlating with increased vessel diameter in some tumors. TGFB signaling can enhance intravasation at least in part through induction of EMT, and we discuss other TGFB target genes that are important for intravasation. In addition to TGFB signaling, a number of studies have demonstrated that activation of EGF receptor family members stimulates intravasation, with downstream signaling through PI3K, N-WASP, RhoA, and WASP to induce invadopodia. With respect to proteases, there is strong evidence for contributions by uPA/uPAR, while the roles of MMPs in intravasation may be more tumor specific. Other cells including macrophages, fibroblasts, neutrophils, and platelets can also play a role in enhancing tumor cell intravasation. The technology is now available to interrogate the expression patterns of circulating tumor cells, which will provide an important reality check for the model systems being used. With a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying intravasation, the goal is to provide new opportunities for improving prognosis as well as potentially developing new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena P H Chiang
- Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Ramon M Cabrera
- Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Jeffrey E Segall
- Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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31
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Stem cells, biomarkers and genetic profiling: approaching future challenges in Urology. Urologia 2016; 83:4-13. [PMID: 26940971 DOI: 10.5301/uro.5000165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Urological research is facing future challenges, the most difficult one is the fast and meaningful transfer of the massive amount of data from research basic to clinical practice. Between the most important issues that research should focus in the next years are targeting of tumor stem cells, clinical application of biomarkers, and wide application of genetic profiling of urological neoplasms. Several clinical implications are expected, from diagnosis to selection of candidates for different treatment modalities, to modulation of sequential treatment plans, to prognosis. A number of clinical trials based on research data from the hottest issues are in the pipeline. In this review, we will focus on new insights from recent work worlwide in urological research, with particular attention to high-risk nonmuscle-invasive and muscle-invasive bladder cancer, prostate cancer, and kidney cancer. Cancer care is moving towards a personalized approach in patient management. The most important issues in urological research point strongly in this direction and show an enormous potential for the rapid landing of Urology in the era of personalized medicine.
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Abstract
Compared with traditional 2D adherent cell culture, 3D spheroidal cell aggregates, or spheroids, are regarded as more physiological, and this technique has been exploited in the field of oncology, stem cell biology, and tissue engineering. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) cultured in spheroids have enhanced anti-inflammatory, angiogenic, and tissue reparative/regenerative effects with improved cell survival after transplantation. Cytoskeletal reorganization and drastic changes in cell morphology in MSC spheroids indicate a major difference in mechanophysical properties compared with 2D culture. Enhanced multidifferentiation potential, upregulated expression of pluripotency marker genes, and delayed replicative senescence indicate enhanced stemness in MSC spheroids. Furthermore, spheroid formation causes drastic changes in the gene expression profile of MSC in microarray analyses. In spite of these significant changes, underlying molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways triggering and sustaining these changes are largely unknown.
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Mu Z, Wang C, Ye Z, Austin L, Civan J, Hyslop T, Palazzo JP, Jaslow R, Li B, Myers RE, Jiang J, Xing J, Yang H, Cristofanilli M. Prospective assessment of the prognostic value of circulating tumor cells and their clusters in patients with advanced-stage breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015; 154:563-71. [PMID: 26573830 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3636-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The enumeration of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) provides important prognostic values in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Recent studies indicate that individual CTCs form clusters and these CTC-clusters play an important role in tumor metastasis. We aimed to assess whether quantification of CTC-clusters provides additional prognostic value over quantification of individual CTCs alone. In 115 prospectively enrolled advanced-stage (III and IV) breast cancer patients, CTCs and CTC-clusters were counted in 7.5 ml whole blood using the CellSearch system at baseline before first-line therapy. The individual and joint effects of CTC and CTC cluster counts on patients' progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards modeling. Of the 115 patients, 36 (31.3 %) had elevated baseline CTCs (≥5 CTCs/7.5 ml) and 20 (17.4 %) had CTC-clusters (≥2 CTCs/7.5 ml). Patients with elevated CTCs and CTC-clusters both had worse PFS with a hazard ratio (HR) of 2.76 [95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.57-4.86, P log-rank = 0.0005] and 2.83 (1.48-5.39, P log-rank = 0.001), respectively. In joint analysis, compared with patients with <5 CTCs and without CTC-clusters, patients with elevated CTCs but without clusters, and patients with elevated CTCs and with clusters, had an increasing trend of progression risk, with an HR of 2.21 (1.02-4.78) and 3.32 (1.68-6.55), respectively (P log-rank = 0.0006, P trend = 0.0002). The additional prognostic value of CTC-clusters appeared to be more pronounced in patients with inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), the most aggressive form of breast cancer with the poorest survival. Baseline counts of both individual CTCs and CTC-clusters were associated with PFS in advanced-stage breast cancer patients. CTC-clusters might provide additional prognostic value compared with CTC enumeration alone, in patients with elevated CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaomei Mu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Zhong Ye
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Laura Austin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Jesse Civan
- Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Terry Hyslop
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Juan P Palazzo
- Department of Pathology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Rebecca Jaslow
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Bingshan Li
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Ronald E Myers
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Juntao Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Jinliang Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Hushan Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
| | - Massimo Cristofanilli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
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Aceto N, Toner M, Maheswaran S, Haber DA. En Route to Metastasis: Circulating Tumor Cell Clusters and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition. Trends Cancer 2015; 1:44-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Kagiya T. MicroRNAs and Osteolytic Bone Metastasis: The Roles of MicroRNAs in Tumor-Induced Osteoclast Differentiation. J Clin Med 2015; 4:1741-52. [PMID: 26343739 PMCID: PMC4600156 DOI: 10.3390/jcm4091741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteolytic bone metastasis frequently occurs in the later stages of breast, lung, and several other cancers. Osteoclasts, the only cells that resorb bone, are hijacked by tumor cells, which break down bone remodeling systems. As a result, osteolysis occurs and may cause patients to suffer bone fractures, pain, and hypercalcemia. It is important to understand the mechanism of bone metastasis to establish new cancer therapies. MicroRNAs are small, noncoding RNAs that are involved in various biological processes, including cellular differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis. MicroRNAs have significant clinical potential, including their use as new therapeutic targets and disease-specific biomarkers. Recent studies have revealed that microRNAs are involved in osteoclast differentiation and osteolytic bone metastasis. In this review focusing on microRNAs, the author discusses the roles of microRNAs in osteoclastogenesis and osteolytic bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadayoshi Kagiya
- Division of Functional Morphology, Department of Anatomy, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Nishitokuta, Yahaba-cho, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan.
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Clark AG, Vignjevic DM. Modes of cancer cell invasion and the role of the microenvironment. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2015; 36:13-22. [PMID: 26183445 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 511] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis begins with the invasion of tumor cells into the stroma and migration toward the blood stream. Human pathology studies suggest that tumor cells invade collectively as strands, cords and clusters of cells into the stroma, which is dramatically reorganized during cancer progression. Cancer cells in intravital mouse models and in vitro display many 'modes' of migration, from single isolated cells with round or elongated phenotypes to loosely-/non-adherent 'streams' of cells or collective migration of cell strands and sheets. The tumor microenvironment, and in particular stroma organization, influences the mode and dynamics of invasion. Future studies will clarify how the combination of stromal network structure, tumor cell signaling and extracellular signaling cues influence cancer cell migration and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Clark
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR144, 75005 Paris, France.
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Paoletti C, Li Y, Muñiz MC, Kidwell KM, Aung K, Thomas DG, Brown ME, Abramson VG, Irvin WJ, Lin NU, Liu MC, Nanda R, Nangia JR, Storniolo AM, Traina TA, Vaklavas C, Van Poznak CH, Wolff AC, Forero-Torres A, Hayes DF. Significance of Circulating Tumor Cells in Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Patients within a Randomized, Phase II Trial: TBCRC 019. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:2771-9. [PMID: 25779948 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-2781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Circulating tumor cells (CTC) are prognostic in metastatic breast cancer (MBC). We tested whether EpCAM-based capture system (CellSearch) is effective in patients with triple-negative (TN) MBC, and whether CTC apoptosis and clustering enhances the prognostic role of CTC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN CTC enumeration and apoptosis were determined using the CXC CellSearch kit at baseline and days 15 and 29 in blood drawn from TN MBC patients who participated in a prospective randomized phase II trial of nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel) with or without tigatuzumab. Association between levels of CTC and patient outcomes was assessed using logistic regression, Kaplan-Meier curves, and Cox proportional hazards modeling. RESULTS Nineteen of 52 (36.5%), 14 of 52 (26.9%), and 13 of 49 (26.5%) patients who were evaluable had elevated CTC (≥5 CTC/7.5 mL whole blood) at baseline and at days 15 and 29, respectively. Patients with elevated versus not elevated CTC at each time point had worse progression-free survival (PFS; P = 0.005, 0.0003, 0.0002, respectively). The odds of clinical benefit response for those who had elevated versus low CTC at baseline and days 15 and 29 were 0.25 (95% CI: 0.08-0.84; P = 0.024), 0.19 (95% CI: 0.05-0.17; P = 0.014), and 0.06 (95% CI: 0.01-0.33; P = 0.001), respectively. There was no apparent prognostic effect comparing CTC apoptosis versus non-apoptosis. Presence of CTC cluster at day 15 and day 29 was associated with shorter PFS. CONCLUSIONS CTC were detected using CellSearch assay in approximately one-third of TN MBC patients. Elevated CTC at baseline and days 15 and 29 were prognostic, and reductions in CTC levels reflected response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Paoletti
- Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health and Hospital System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yufeng Li
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Maria C Muñiz
- Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health and Hospital System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kelley M Kidwell
- Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health and Hospital System, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Univeristy of Michigan, Department of Biostatistics, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kimberly Aung
- Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health and Hospital System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Dafydd G Thomas
- Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health and Hospital System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Martha E Brown
- Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health and Hospital System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - William J Irvin
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Bon Secours Cancer Institute, Midlothian, Virginia
| | - Nancy U Lin
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Minetta C Liu
- Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Rita Nanda
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | | | | | | - Catherine H Van Poznak
- Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health and Hospital System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Antonio C Wolff
- Johns Hopkins Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Daniel F Hayes
- Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health and Hospital System, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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Giuliano M, Herrera S, Christiny P, Shaw C, Creighton CJ, Mitchell T, Bhat R, Zhang X, Mao S, Dobrolecki LE, Al-rawi A, Chen F, Veneziani BM, Zhang XHF, Hilsenbeck SG, Contreras A, Gutierrez C, Jeselsohn RM, Rimawi MF, Osborne CK, Lewis MT, Schiff R, Trivedi MV. Circulating and disseminated tumor cells from breast cancer patient-derived xenograft-bearing mice as a novel model to study metastasis. Breast Cancer Res 2015; 17:3. [PMID: 25572662 PMCID: PMC4318479 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-014-0508-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Real-time monitoring of biologic changes in tumors may be possible by investigating the transitional cells such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow (BM-DTCs). However, the small numbers of CTCs and the limited access to bone marrow aspirates in cancer patients pose major hurdles. The goal of this study was to determine whether breast cancer (BC) patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mice could provide a constant and renewable source of CTCs and BM-DTCs, thereby representing a unique system for the study of metastatic processes. Methods CTCs and BM-DTCs, isolated from BC PDX-bearing mice, were identified by immunostaining for human pan-cytokeratin and nuclear counterstaining of red blood cell-lysed blood and bone marrow fractions, respectively. The rate of lung metastases (LM) was previously reported in these lines. Associations between the presence of CTCs, BM-DTCs, and LM were assessed by the Fisher’s Exact and Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel tests. Two separate genetic signatures associated with the presence of CTC clusters and with lung metastatic potential were computed by using the expression arrays of primary tumors from different PDX lines and subsequently overlapped to identify common genes. Results In total, 18 BC PDX lines were evaluated. CTCs and BM-DTCs, present as either single cells or clusters, were detected in 83% (15 of 18) and 62.5% (10 to16) of the lines, respectively. A positive association was noted between the presence of CTCs and BM-DTCs within the same mice. LM was previously found in 9 of 18 (50%) lines, of which all nine had detectable CTCs. The presence of LM was strongly associated with the detection of CTC clusters but not with individual cells or detection of BM-DTCs. Overlapping of the two genetic signatures of the primary PDX tumors associated with the presence of CTC clusters and with lung metastatic potential identified four genes (HLA-DP1A, GJA1, PEG3, and XIST). This four-gene profile predicted distant metastases-free survival in publicly available datasets of early BC patients. Conclusion This study suggests that CTCs and BM-DTCs detected in BC PDX-bearing mice may represent a valuable and unique preclinical model for investigating the role of these rare cells in tumor metastases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-014-0508-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Giuliano
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Sabrina Herrera
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Pavel Christiny
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Translational Research, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Chad Shaw
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Chad J Creighton
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Tamika Mitchell
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Raksha Bhat
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Translational Research, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Sufeng Mao
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Lacey E Dobrolecki
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Ahmed Al-rawi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Translational Research, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Fengju Chen
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Bianca M Veneziani
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Xiang H-F Zhang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Susan G Hilsenbeck
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Alejandro Contreras
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Carolina Gutierrez
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Rinath M Jeselsohn
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Mothaffar F Rimawi
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - C Kent Osborne
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Michael T Lewis
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Rachel Schiff
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Meghana V Trivedi
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Pharmacy Practice and Translational Research, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA. .,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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Loh J, Jovanovic L, Lehman M, Capp A, Pryor D, Harris M, Nelson C, Martin J. Circulating tumor cell detection in high-risk non-metastatic prostate cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2014; 140:2157-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-014-1775-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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40
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Bruun J, Kolberg M, Nesland JM, Svindland A, Nesbakken A, Lothe RA. Prognostic Significance of β-Catenin, E-Cadherin, and SOX9 in Colorectal Cancer: Results from a Large Population-Representative Series. Front Oncol 2014; 222:1-15. [PMID: 24904831 DOI: 10.1002/path.2727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Robust biomarkers that can precisely stratify patients according to treatment needs are in great demand. The literature is inconclusive for most reported prognostic markers for colorectal cancer (CRC). Hence, adequately reported studies in large representative series are necessary to determine their clinical potential. We investigated the prognostic value of three Wnt signaling-associated proteins, β-catenin, E-cadherin, and SOX9, in a population-representative single-hospital series of 1290 Norwegian CRC patients by performing immunohistochemical analyses of each marker using the tissue microarray technology. Loss of membranous or cytosolic β-catenin and loss of cytosolic E-cadherin protein expression were significantly associated with reduced 5-year survival in 903 patients who underwent major resection (722 evaluable tissue cores) independently of standard clinicopathological high-risk parameters. Pre-specified subgroup analyses demonstrated particular effect for stage IV patients for β-catenin membrane staining (P = 0.018; formal interaction test P = 0.025). Among those who underwent complete resection (714 patients, 568 evaluable), 5-year time-to-recurrence analyses were performed, and stage II patients with loss of cytosolic E-cadherin were identified as an independent high-risk subgroup (P = 0.020, formal interaction test was not significant). Nuclear β-catenin and SOX9 protein, regardless of intracellular location, were not associated with prognosis. In conclusion, the protein expression level of membranous or cytosolic β-catenin and E-cadherin predicts CRC patient subgroups with inferior prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarle Bruun
- Department for Cancer Prevention, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway ; Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Matthias Kolberg
- Department for Cancer Prevention, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway ; Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Jahn M Nesland
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | - Aud Svindland
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway ; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Arild Nesbakken
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway ; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway ; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Aker Hospital, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | - Ragnhild A Lothe
- Department for Cancer Prevention, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway ; Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway ; Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
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Denisov EV, Litviakov NV, Zavyalova MV, Perelmuter VM, Vtorushin SV, Tsyganov MM, Gerashchenko TS, Garbukov EY, Slonimskaya EM, Cherdyntseva NV. Intratumoral morphological heterogeneity of breast cancer: neoadjuvant chemotherapy efficiency and multidrug resistance gene expression. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4709. [PMID: 24736530 PMCID: PMC3988480 DOI: 10.1038/srep04709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the influence of intratumoral morphological heterogeneity of breast cancer on neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) efficiency was investigated. In particular, we analysed the association of NAC response and pre- and post-NAC expression of the main multidrug resistance (MDR) genes - ABCB1, ABCC1, ABCC5, ABCG1, and ABCG2, with the presence of different morphological structures in breast tumors. In addition, the expression of MDR genes was investigated in different morphological structures and in their microenvironment by comparing probes obtained using laser microdissection. The results of this study showed that tumors with alveolar structures were more frequently NAC-nonresponsive than cases without this structural type (p = 0.0028, Bonferroni-corrected p = 0.014). The presence of trabecular structures in breast tumors was also associated with chemoresistance (p = 0.0272, Bonferroni-corrected p = 0.136). High expression of MDR genes was not found in alveolar structures (including their microenvironment) and in tumors containing this structural type. In contrast, more active MDR genes and expression of the ABCB1 gene were found only in trabecular structures. Taken together, our data indicate that breast tumors with alveolar structures possess resistance to NAC, which is not related to high expression of MDR genes, whereas chemoresistance of tumors with trabecular structures can depend on the expression level of ABCB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny V Denisov
- 1] Department of Experimental Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation [2] Laboratory of Translational Cell and Molecular Biomedicine, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation [3]
| | - Nikolay V Litviakov
- 1] Department of Experimental Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation [2] Laboratory of Translational Cell and Molecular Biomedicine, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation [3]
| | - Marina V Zavyalova
- 1] Laboratory of Translational Cell and Molecular Biomedicine, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation [2] Department of Pathological Anatomy and Cytology, Cancer Research Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation [3] Department of Pathological Anatomy, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir M Perelmuter
- 1] Department of Pathological Anatomy and Cytology, Cancer Research Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation [2] Department of Pathological Anatomy, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey V Vtorushin
- 1] Department of Pathological Anatomy and Cytology, Cancer Research Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation [2] Department of Pathological Anatomy, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Matvey M Tsyganov
- 1] Department of Experimental Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation [2] Laboratory of Translational Cell and Molecular Biomedicine, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana S Gerashchenko
- 1] Department of Experimental Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation [2] Laboratory of Translational Cell and Molecular Biomedicine, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Evgeny Yu Garbukov
- Department of General Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Elena M Slonimskaya
- 1] Department of General Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation [2] Department of Oncology, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Nadezhda V Cherdyntseva
- 1] Department of Experimental Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation [2] Laboratory of Translational Cell and Molecular Biomedicine, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation [3] Department of Oncology, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
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42
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Kats-Ugurlu G, Oosterwijk E, Muselaers S, Oosterwijk-Wakka J, Hulsbergen-van de Kaa C, de Weijert M, van Krieken H, Desar I, van Herpen C, Maass C, de Waal R, Mulders P, Leenders W. Neoadjuvant sorafenib treatment of clear cell renal cell carcinoma and release of circulating tumor fragments. Neoplasia 2014; 16:221-8. [PMID: 24726142 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is characterized by high constitutive vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) production that induces a specific vascular phenotype. We previously reported that this phenotype may allow shedding of multicellular tumor fragments into the circulation, possibly contributing to the development of metastasis. Disruption of this phenotype through inhibition of VEGF signaling may therefore result in reduced shedding of tumor fragments and improved prognosis. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the effect of neoadjuvant sorafenib treatment on tumor cluster shedding. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with renal cancer (n = 10, of which 8 have ccRCC) received sorafenib for 4 weeks before tumor nephrectomy. The resection specimens were perfused, and the perfundate was examined for the presence of tumor clusters. Effects of the treatment on the tumor morphology and overall survival were investigated (follow-up of 2 years) and compared with a carefully matched control group. RESULTS Neoadjuvant sorafenib treatment induced extensive ischemic tumor necrosis and, as expected, destroyed the characteristic ccRCC vascular phenotype. In contrast to the expectation, vital groups of tumor cells with high proliferation indices were detected in postsurgical renal venous outflow in 75% of the cases. Overall survival of patients receiving neoadjuvant treatment was reduced compared to a control group, matched with regard to prognostic parameters. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that neoadjuvant sorafenib therapy for ccRCC does not prevent shedding of tumor fragments. Although this is a nonrandomized study with a small patient group, our results suggest that neoadjuvant treatment may worsen survival through as yet undefined mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gursah Kats-Ugurlu
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Egbert Oosterwijk
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Stijn Muselaers
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Mirjam de Weijert
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Han van Krieken
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Desar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Carla van Herpen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Cathy Maass
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rob de Waal
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Mulders
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - William Leenders
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Krebs MG, Metcalf RL, Carter L, Brady G, Blackhall FH, Dive C. Molecular analysis of circulating tumour cells-biology and biomarkers. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2014; 11:129-44. [PMID: 24445517 DOI: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2013.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 452] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence for intratumour heterogeneity informs us that single-site biopsies fall short of revealing the complete genomic landscape of a tumour. With an expanding repertoire of targeted agents entering the clinic, screening tumours for genomic aberrations is increasingly important, as is interrogating the tumours for resistance mechanisms upon disease progression. Multiple biopsies separated spatially and temporally are impractical, uncomfortable for the patient and not without risk. Here, we describe how circulating tumour cells (CTCs), captured from a minimally invasive blood test-and readily amenable to serial sampling-have the potential to inform intratumour heterogeneity and tumour evolution, although it remains to be determined how useful this will be in the clinic. Technologies for detecting and isolating CTCs include the validated CellSearch(®) system, but other technologies are gaining prominence. We also discuss how recent CTC discoveries map to mechanisms of haematological spread, previously described in preclinical models, including evidence for epithelial-mesenchymal transition, collective cell migration and cells with tumour-initiating capacity within the circulation. Advances in single-cell molecular analysis are enhancing our ability to explore mechanisms of metastasis, and the combination of CTC and cell-free DNA assays are anticipated to provide invaluable blood-borne biomarkers for real-time patient monitoring and treatment stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Krebs
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester and Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 550 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Robert L Metcalf
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester and Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 550 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Louise Carter
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester and Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 550 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Ged Brady
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester and Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 550 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Fiona H Blackhall
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester and Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 550 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Caroline Dive
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester and Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 550 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
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Kim KJ, Godarova A, Seedle K, Kim MH, Ince TA, Wells SI, Driscoll JJ, Godar S. Rb suppresses collective invasion, circulation and metastasis of breast cancer cells in CD44-dependent manner. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80590. [PMID: 24324613 PMCID: PMC3851742 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Basal-like breast carcinomas (BLCs) present with extratumoral lymphovascular invasion, are highly metastatic, presumably through a hematogenous route, have augmented expression of CD44 oncoprotein and relatively low levels of retinoblastoma (Rb) tumor suppressor. However, the causal relation among these features is not clear. Here, we show that Rb acts as a key suppressor of multiple stages of metastatic progression. Firstly, Rb suppresses collective cell migration (CCM) and CD44-dependent formation of F-actin positive protrusions in vitro and cell-cluster based lymphovascular invasion in vivo. Secondly, Rb inhibits the release of single cancer cells and cell clusters into the hematogenous circulation and subsequent metastatic growth in lungs. Finally, CD44 expression is required for collective motility and all subsequent stages of metastatic progression initiated by loss of Rb function. Altogether, our results suggest that Rb/CD44 pathway is a crucial regulator of CCM and metastatic progression of BLCs and a promising target for anti-BLCs therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Actins/genetics
- Actins/metabolism
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Basal Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Basal Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Basal Cell/secondary
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Hyaluronan Receptors/genetics
- Hyaluronan Receptors/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/secondary
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mice
- Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/metabolism
- Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/pathology
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Retinoblastoma Protein/antagonists & inhibitors
- Retinoblastoma Protein/genetics
- Retinoblastoma Protein/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui-Jin Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Alzbeta Godarova
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kari Seedle
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Min-Ho Kim
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Tan A. Ince
- Department of Pathology, Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute and Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Susanne I. Wells
- Division of Oncology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - James J. Driscoll
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Samuel Godar
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Hosokawa M, Kenmotsu H, Koh Y, Yoshino T, Yoshikawa T, Naito T, Takahashi T, Murakami H, Nakamura Y, Tsuya A, Shukuya T, Ono A, Akamatsu H, Watanabe R, Ono S, Mori K, Kanbara H, Yamaguchi K, Tanaka T, Matsunaga T, Yamamoto N. Size-based isolation of circulating tumor cells in lung cancer patients using a microcavity array system. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67466. [PMID: 23840710 PMCID: PMC3696066 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)-based enumeration of circulating tumor cells (CTC) has prognostic value in patients with solid tumors, such as advanced breast, colon, and prostate cancer. However, poor sensitivity has been reported for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To address this problem, we developed a microcavity array (MCA) system integrated with a miniaturized device for CTC isolation without relying on EpCAM expression. Here, we report the results of a clinical study on CTCs of advanced lung cancer patients in which we compared the MCA system with the CellSearch system, which employs the conventional EpCAM-based method. Methods Paired peripheral blood samples were collected from 43 metastatic lung cancer patients to enumerate CTCs using the CellSearch system according to the manufacturer’s protocol and the MCA system by immunolabeling and cytomorphological analysis. The presence of CTCs was assessed blindly and independently by both systems. Results CTCs were detected in 17 of 22 NSCLC patients using the MCA system versus 7 of 22 patients using the CellSearch system. On the other hand, CTCs were detected in 20 of 21 small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients using the MCA system versus 12 of 21 patients using the CellSearch system. Significantly more CTCs in NSCLC patients were detected by the MCA system (median 13, range 0–291 cells/7.5 mL) than by the CellSearch system (median 0, range 0–37 cells/7.5 ml) demonstrating statistical superiority (p = 0.0015). Statistical significance was not reached in SCLC though the trend favoring the MCA system over the CellSearch system was observed (p = 0.2888). The MCA system also isolated CTC clusters from patients who had been identified as CTC negative using the CellSearch system. Conclusions The MCA system has a potential to isolate significantly more CTCs and CTC clusters in advanced lung cancer patients compared to the CellSearch system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Hosokawa
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, Shizuoka, Japan
| | | | - Yasuhiro Koh
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yoshino
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yoshikawa
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tateaki Naito
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | | | - Haruyasu Murakami
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nakamura
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Asuka Tsuya
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takehito Shukuya
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Ono
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Akamatsu
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Reiko Watanabe
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Sachiyo Ono
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Keita Mori
- Clinical Trial Coordination Office, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | | | - Ken Yamaguchi
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Tanaka
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Matsunaga
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Yamamoto
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Hong B, Zu Y. Detecting circulating tumor cells: current challenges and new trends. Theranostics 2013; 3:377-94. [PMID: 23781285 PMCID: PMC3677409 DOI: 10.7150/thno.5195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood stream play a critical role in establishing metastases. The clinical value of CTCs as a biomarker for early cancer detection, diagnosis, prognosis, prediction, stratification, and pharmacodynamics have been widely explored in recent years. However, the clinical utility of current CTC tests is limited mainly due to methodological constraints. In this review, the pros and cons of the reported CTC assays are comprehensively discussed. In addition, the potential of tumor cell-derived materials as new targets for CTC detection, including circulating tumor microemboli, cell fragments, and circulating DNA, is evaluated. Finally, emerging approaches for CTC detection, including telomerase-based or aptamer-based assays and cell functional analysis, are also assessed. Expectantly, a thorough review of the current knowledge and technology of CTC detection will assist the scientific community in the development of more efficient CTC assay systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hong
- 1. TeloVISION, LLC, 1281 Win Hentschel Blvd. West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Youli Zu
- 2. Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, The Methodist Hospital, 6565 Fannin, MS205, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Song Y, Wang Z, Yang L. [Advances in research on circulating tumor cells in lung cancer]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2012; 15:612-8. [PMID: 23075687 PMCID: PMC5999834 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2012.10.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
转移和复发是肺癌患者死亡的主要原因。研究发现循环肿瘤细胞(circulating tumor cells, CTCs)在肺癌转移和复发中起着重要作用。而且随着靶向治疗的不断进步,对于晚期无法取得肺癌实体组织的患者,CTCs作为一种肺癌组织替代物可以决定治疗方案。所以CTCs在早期发现肺癌患者的微转移、检测肿瘤复发、评估预后和选择个体化治疗方案方面有着重要作用。本文针对CTCs的研究进展及肺癌领域的应用进行综述。
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjian Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, the Second Clinical Medicine College of Jinan University,
Shenzhen 518020, China
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Chui MH. Insights into cancer metastasis from a clinicopathologic perspective: Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition is not a necessary step. Int J Cancer 2012; 132:1487-95. [PMID: 22833228 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been implicated as the critical event initiating cancer invasion and metastasis. After disseminating through the circulation, the malignant cells have been proposed to undergo subsequent mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) to form secondary tumors. However, strong evidence from human tumor specimens for this paradigm is lacking. In carcinomas, cancers derived from epithelial tissues, epithelial morphology and gene expression are always retained to some degree. While mesenchymal transdifferentiation may be involved in the pathogenesis of carcinosarcomas, even in these neoplasms, as well as in germ cell tumors capable of multilineage differentiation, the mesenchymal phenotype does not facilitate metastatic progression. Indeed, most cancers invade and travel through lymphatic and blood vessels via cohesive epithelial migration, rather than going through the EMT-MET sequence. EMT gene expression is also consistently associated with high histologic grade and while the transcription factors, Snail, Slug and Twist have traditionally been thought of as inducers of EMT, under certain conditions, they also mediate dedifferentiation and maintenance of the stem cell state. In various malignancies, including basal-like breast cancer and colorectal cancer, the genetically unstable, undifferentiated phenotype predicts early metastatic spread and poor prognosis. This article discusses some of the controversies surrounding differentiation and metastasis from a clinicopathologic perspective and presents evidence that the epithelial phenotype is maintained throughout the process of cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Herman Chui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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49
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Hou JM, Krebs MG, Lancashire L, Sloane R, Backen A, Swain RK, Priest LJ, Greystoke A, Zhou C, Morris K, Ward T, Blackhall FH, Dive C. Clinical Significance and Molecular Characteristics of Circulating Tumor Cells and Circulating Tumor Microemboli in Patients With Small-Cell Lung Cancer. J Clin Oncol 2012; 30:525-32. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.33.3716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 626] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) may have utility as surrogate biomarkers and “virtual” biopsies. We report the clinical significance and molecular characteristics of CTCs and CTC clusters, termed circulating tumor microemboli (CTM), detected in patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) undergoing standard treatment. Patients and Methods Serial blood samples from 97 patients receiving chemotherapy were analyzed using EpCam-based immunomagnetic detection and a filtration-based technique. Proliferation status (Ki67) and apoptotic morphology were examined. Associations of CTC and CTM number with clinical factors and prognosis were determined. Results CTCs were present in 85% of patients (77 of 97 patients) and were abundant (mean ± standard deviation = 1,589 ± 5,565). CTM and apoptotic CTCs were correlated with total CTC number and were detected in 32% and 57% of patients, respectively. Pretreatment CTCs, change in CTC number after one cycle of chemotherapy, CTM, and apoptotic CTCs were independent prognostic factors. Overall survival was 5.4 months for patients with ≥ 50 CTCs/7.5 mL of blood and 11.5 months (P < .0001) for patients with less than 50 CTCs/7.5 mL of blood before chemotherapy (hazard ratio = 2.45; 95% CI, 1.39 to 4.30; P = .002). Subpopulations of apoptotic and of proliferating solitary CTCs were detected, whereas neither were observed within cell clusters (CTM), implicating both protection from anoikis and relative resistance to cytotoxic drugs for cells within CTM. Conclusion Both baseline CTC number and change in CTC number after one cycle of chemotherapy are independent prognostic factors for SCLC. Molecular comparison of CTCs to cells in CTM may provide novel insights into SCLC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Mei Hou
- All authors, Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester; Matthew G. Krebs and Fiona H. Blackhall, the Christie National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew G. Krebs
- All authors, Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester; Matthew G. Krebs and Fiona H. Blackhall, the Christie National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Lee Lancashire
- All authors, Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester; Matthew G. Krebs and Fiona H. Blackhall, the Christie National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Sloane
- All authors, Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester; Matthew G. Krebs and Fiona H. Blackhall, the Christie National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Backen
- All authors, Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester; Matthew G. Krebs and Fiona H. Blackhall, the Christie National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rajeeb K. Swain
- All authors, Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester; Matthew G. Krebs and Fiona H. Blackhall, the Christie National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Lynsey J.C. Priest
- All authors, Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester; Matthew G. Krebs and Fiona H. Blackhall, the Christie National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair Greystoke
- All authors, Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester; Matthew G. Krebs and Fiona H. Blackhall, the Christie National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Cong Zhou
- All authors, Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester; Matthew G. Krebs and Fiona H. Blackhall, the Christie National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Morris
- All authors, Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester; Matthew G. Krebs and Fiona H. Blackhall, the Christie National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Ward
- All authors, Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester; Matthew G. Krebs and Fiona H. Blackhall, the Christie National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona H. Blackhall
- All authors, Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester; Matthew G. Krebs and Fiona H. Blackhall, the Christie National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Dive
- All authors, Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester; Matthew G. Krebs and Fiona H. Blackhall, the Christie National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
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50
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Cho EH, Wendel M, Luttgen M, Yoshioka C, Marrinucci D, Lazar D, Schram E, Nieva J, Bazhenova L, Morgan A, Ko AH, Korn WM, Kolatkar A, Bethel K, Kuhn P. Characterization of circulating tumor cell aggregates identified in patients with epithelial tumors. Phys Biol 2012; 9:016001. [PMID: 22306705 PMCID: PMC3387999 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/9/1/016001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been implicated as a population of cells that may seed metastasis and venous thromboembolism (VTE), two major causes of mortality in cancer patients. Thus far, existing CTC detection technologies have been unable to reproducibly detect CTC aggregates in order to address what contribution CTC aggregates may make to metastasis or VTE. We report here an enrichment-free immunofluorescence detection method that can reproducibly detect and enumerate homotypic CTC aggregates in patient samples. We identified CTC aggregates in 43% of 86 patient samples. The fraction of CTC aggregation was investigated in blood draws from 24 breast, 14 non-small cell lung, 18 pancreatic, 15 prostate stage IV cancer patients and 15 normal blood donors. Both single CTCs and CTC aggregates were measured to determine whether differences exist in the physical characteristics of these two populations. Cells contained in CTC aggregates had less area and length, on average, than single CTCs. Nuclear to cytoplasmic ratios between single CTCs and CTC aggregates were similar. This detection method may assist future studies in determining which population of cells is more physically likely to contribute to metastasis and VTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward H. Cho
- Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10666 North Torrey Pines Road, GAC-1200, La Jolla, CA 92037; ; ; ; ; ; ;
| | - Marco Wendel
- Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10666 North Torrey Pines Road, GAC-1200, La Jolla, CA 92037; ; ; ; ; ; ;
| | - Madelyn Luttgen
- Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10666 North Torrey Pines Road, GAC-1200, La Jolla, CA 92037; ; ; ; ; ; ;
| | - Craig Yoshioka
- Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10666 North Torrey Pines Road, GAC-1200, La Jolla, CA 92037; ; ; ; ; ; ;
| | - Dena Marrinucci
- Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10666 North Torrey Pines Road, GAC-1200, La Jolla, CA 92037; ; ; ; ; ; ;
| | - Daniel Lazar
- Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10666 North Torrey Pines Road, GAC-1200, La Jolla, CA 92037; ; ; ; ; ; ;
| | - Ethan Schram
- Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10666 North Torrey Pines Road, GAC-1200, La Jolla, CA 92037; ; ; ; ; ; ;
- Scripps Clinic, Department of Pathology, 10660 North Torrey Pines Road, MC211C, La Jolla, CA 92037;
| | - Jorge Nieva
- Billings Clinic, Division of Oncology & Hematology, 2825 Eighth Avenue North, Billings, Montana, 59106;
| | - Lyudmila Bazhenova
- The Regents of the University of California, University of California, San Diego – UCSD, Moore’s Cancer Center, Hematology & Oncology, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, MC-0987, La Jolla, CA 92093; ;
| | - Alison Morgan
- The Regents of the University of California, University of California, San Diego – UCSD, Moore’s Cancer Center, Hematology & Oncology, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, MC-0987, La Jolla, CA 92093; ;
| | - Andrew H. Ko
- University of California, San Francisco Medical Center, Division of Medical Oncology, 1600 Divisadero Street, Fourth Floor, Box 1705, San Francisco, CA 94143; ;
| | - W. Michael Korn
- University of California, San Francisco Medical Center, Division of Medical Oncology, 1600 Divisadero Street, Fourth Floor, Box 1705, San Francisco, CA 94143; ;
| | - Anand Kolatkar
- Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10666 North Torrey Pines Road, GAC-1200, La Jolla, CA 92037; ; ; ; ; ; ;
| | - Kelly Bethel
- Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10666 North Torrey Pines Road, GAC-1200, La Jolla, CA 92037; ; ; ; ; ; ;
- Scripps Clinic, Department of Pathology, 10660 North Torrey Pines Road, MC211C, La Jolla, CA 92037;
| | - Peter Kuhn
- Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10666 North Torrey Pines Road, GAC-1200, La Jolla, CA 92037; ; ; ; ; ; ;
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