1
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Elahimanesh M, Shokri N, Mohammadi P, Parvaz N, Najafi M. Step by step analysis on gene datasets of growth phases in hematopoietic stem cells. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 39:101737. [PMID: 38881758 PMCID: PMC11176649 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Umbilical cord blood hematopoietic stem cells (UCB-HSCs) have important roles in the treatment of illnesses based on their self-renewal and potency characteristics. Knowing the gene profiles and signaling pathways involved in each step of the cell cycle could improve the therapeutic approaches of HSCs. The aim of this study was to predict the gene profiles and signaling pathways involved in the G0, G1, and differentiation stages of HSCs. Methods Interventional (n = 8) and non-interventional (n = 3) datasets were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and were crossed and analyzed to determine the high- and low-express genes related to each of the G0, G1, and differentiation stages of HSCs. Then, the scores of STRING were annotated to the gene data. The gene networks were constructed using Cytoscape software, and enriched with the KEGG and GO databases. Results The high- and low-express genes were determined due to inter and intra intersections of the interventional and non-interventional data. The non-interventional data were applied to construct the gene networks (n = 6) with the nodes improved using the interventional data. Several important signaling pathways were suggested in each of the G0, G1, and differentiation stages. Conclusion The data revealed that the different signaling pathways are activated in each of the G0, G1, and differentiation stages so that their genes may be targeted to improve the HSC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Elahimanesh
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Shokri
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payam Mohammadi
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Najmeh Parvaz
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Najafi
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Gao B, Wu X, Bu L, Jiang Q, Wang L, Liu H, Zhang X, Wu Y, Li X, Li J, Liang Y, Xu L, Xie W, Guo J. Atypical inflammatory kinase IKBKE phosphorylates and inactivates FoxA1 to promote liver tumorigenesis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk2285. [PMID: 38324694 PMCID: PMC10849599 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk2285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Physiologically, FoxA1 plays a key role in liver differentiation and development, and pathologically exhibits an oncogenic role in prostate and breast cancers. However, its role and upstream regulation in liver tumorigenesis remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that FoxA1 acts as a tumor suppressor in liver cancer. Using a CRISPR-based kinome screening approach, noncanonical inflammatory kinase IKBKE has been identified to inhibit FoxA1 transcriptional activity. Notably, IKBKE directly binds to and phosphorylates FoxA1 to reduce its complex formation and DNA interaction, leading to elevated hepatocellular malignancies. Nonphosphorylated mimic Foxa1 knock-in mice markedly delay liver tumorigenesis in hydrodynamic transfection murine models, while phospho-mimic Foxa1 knock-in phenocopy Foxa1 knockout mice to exhibit developmental defects and liver inflammation. Notably, Ikbke knockout delays diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced mouse liver tumor development. Together, our findings not only reveal FoxA1 as a bona fide substrate and negative nuclear effector of IKBKE in hepatocellular carcinioma (HCC) but also provide a promising strategy to target IKBEK for HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Gao
- Center of Hepato-Pancreate-Biliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Xueji Wu
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Lang Bu
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Qiwei Jiang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Haining Liu
- Center of Hepato-Pancreate-Biliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Yuanzhong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Xiaoxing Li
- Center of Hepato-Pancreate-Biliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Jingting Li
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Ying Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangzhou Eighth People′s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Lixia Xu
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Jianping Guo
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
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3
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Zhu L, Guo G, Jin Y, Hu A, Liu Y. IKBKE regulates angiogenesis by modulating VEGF expression and secretion in glioblastoma. Tissue Cell 2023; 84:102180. [PMID: 37573607 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE As a noncanonical inflammatory kinase, IKBKE is frequently overexpressed and activated and has been identified as an oncogenic protein in glioblastoma. However, the potential function and underlying mechanism of IKBKE contributing to tumor angiogenesis remain elusive. METHODS First, we analyzed the correlation between IKBKE and VEGF expression in glioma samples by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Second, HUVEC-related assays and Western blot were used to detect the regulatory effect of IKBKE on angiogenesis by modulating VEGF expression. Third, IKBKE depletion could alleviate the influence of VEGF expression on IHC of intracranial glioma model. RESULTS We demonstrate that depletion of IKBKE markedly inhibits tumor growth and angiogenesis in glioblastoma. Mechanistically, IKBKE induces VEGF expression and secretion by regulating AKT/FOXO3a in glioblastoma. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals that IKBKE is a novel oncogenic molecule that induces angiogenesis through the promotion of VEGF expression and highlights the potential of targeting IKBKE for glioblastoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Gaochao Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Yuwei Jin
- Department of Pathology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Aixia Hu
- Department of Pathology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
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4
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Knowles T, Huang T, Qi J, An S, Burket N, Cooper S, Nazarian J, Saratsis AM. LIN28B and Let-7 in Diffuse Midline Glioma: A Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3241. [PMID: 37370851 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse midline glioma (DMG) is the most lethal of all childhood cancers. DMGs are driven by histone-tail-mutation-mediated epigenetic dysregulation and partner mutations in genes controlling proliferation and migration. One result of this epigenetic and genetic landscape is the overexpression of LIN28B RNA binding protein. In other systems, LIN28B has been shown to prevent let-7 microRNA biogenesis; however, let-7, when available, faithfully suppresses tumorigenic pathways and induces cellular maturation by preventing the translation of numerous oncogenes. Here, we review the current literature on LIN28A/B and the let-7 family and describe their role in gliomagenesis. Future research is then recommended, with a focus on the mechanisms of LIN28B overexpression and localization in DMG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truman Knowles
- W.M. Keck Science Department, Scripps, Pitzer, and Claremont McKenna Colleges, Claremont, CA 91711, USA
| | - Tina Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jin Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Shejuan An
- Department of Neurosurgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Noah Burket
- Department of Neurosurgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Scott Cooper
- Department of Neurosurgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Javad Nazarian
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Zurich Children's Hospital, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Amanda M Saratsis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, IL 60068, USA
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5
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Multilevel proteomic analyses reveal molecular diversity between diffuse-type and intestinal-type gastric cancer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:835. [PMID: 36788224 PMCID: PMC9929250 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35797-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse-type gastric cancer (DGC) and intestinal-type gastric cancer (IGC) are the major histological types of gastric cancer (GC). The molecular mechanism underlying DGC and IGC differences are poorly understood. In this research, we carry out multilevel proteomic analyses, including proteome, phospho-proteome, and transcription factor (TF) activity profiles, of 196 cases covering DGC and IGC in Chinese patients. Integrative proteogenomic analysis reveals ARIDIA mutation associated with opposite prognostic effects between DGC and IGC, via diverse influences on their corresponding proteomes. Systematical comparison and consensus clustering analysis identify three subtypes of DGC and IGC, respectively, based on distinct patterns of the cell cycle, extracellular matrix organization, and immune response-related proteins expression. TF activity-based subtypes demonstrate that the disease progressions of DGC and IGC were regulated by SWI/SNF and NFKB complexes. Furthermore, inferred immune cell infiltration and immune clustering show Th1/Th2 ratio is an indicator for immunotherapeutic effectiveness, which is validated in an independent GC anti-PD1 therapeutic patient group. Our multilevel proteomic analyses enable a more comprehensive understanding of GC and can further advance the precision medicine.
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6
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Runde AP, Mack R, S J PB, Zhang J. The role of TBK1 in cancer pathogenesis and anticancer immunity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:135. [PMID: 35395857 PMCID: PMC8994244 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02352-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) is a serine/threonine kinase belonging to the non-canonical inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB (IκB) kinase (IKK) family. TBK1 can be activated by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), inflammatory cytokines, and oncogenic kinases, including activated K-RAS/N-RAS mutants. TBK1 primarily mediates IRF3/7 activation and NF-κB signaling to regulate inflammatory cytokine production and the activation of innate immunity. TBK1 is also involved in the regulation of several other cellular activities, including autophagy, mitochondrial metabolism, and cellular proliferation. Although TBK1 mutations have not been reported in human cancers, aberrant TBK1 activation has been implicated in the oncogenesis of several types of cancer, including leukemia and solid tumors with KRAS-activating mutations. As such, TBK1 has been proposed to be a feasible target for pharmacological treatment of these types of cancer. Studies suggest that TBK1 inhibition suppresses cancer development not only by directly suppressing the proliferation and survival of cancer cells but also by activating antitumor T-cell immunity. Several small molecule inhibitors of TBK1 have been identified and interrogated. However, to this point, only momelotinib (MMB)/CYT387 has been evaluated as a cancer therapy in clinical trials, while amlexanox (AMX) has been evaluated clinically for treatment of type II diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and obesity. In this review, we summarize advances in research into TBK1 signaling pathways and regulation, as well as recent studies on TBK1 in cancer pathogenesis. We also discuss the potential molecular mechanisms of targeting TBK1 for cancer treatment. We hope that our effort can help to stimulate the development of novel strategies for targeting TBK1 signaling in future approaches to cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin P Runde
- Department of Cancer Biology, Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Ryan Mack
- Department of Cancer Biology, Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Peter Breslin S J
- Department of Cancer Biology, Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.,Departments of Molecular/Cellular Physiology and Biology, Loyola University Medical Center and Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60660, USA
| | - Jiwang Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA. .,Departments of Pathology and Radiation Oncology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.
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7
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Jin Y, Chen Y, Tang H, Hu X, Hubert SM, Li Q, Su D, Xu H, Fan Y, Yu X, Chen Q, Liu J, Hong W, Xu Y, Deng H, Zhu D, Li P, Gong Y, Xia X, Gay CM, Zhang J, Chen M. Activation of PI3K/AKT pathway is a potential mechanism of treatment resistance in small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 28:526-539. [PMID: 34921019 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-1943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jin
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yamei Chen
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huarong Tang
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shawna M Hubert
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Genomic Medicine, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Qian Li
- Geneplus-Beijing Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Su
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haimiao Xu
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yun Fan
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinmin Yu
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qixun Chen
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinshi Liu
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Hong
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yujin Xu
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huan Deng
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dapeng Zhu
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pansong Li
- Geneplus-Beijing Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhua Gong
- Geneplus-Beijing Institute, Beijing, China
| | | | - Carl M Gay
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
- Department of Genomic Medicine, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Casati G, Giunti L, Iorio AL, Marturano A, Galli L, Sardi I. Hippo Pathway in Regulating Drug Resistance of Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413431. [PMID: 34948224 PMCID: PMC8705144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) represents the most common and malignant tumor of the Central Nervous System (CNS), affecting both children and adults. GBM is one of the deadliest tumor types and it shows a strong multidrug resistance (MDR) and an immunosuppressive microenvironment which remain a great challenge to therapy. Due to the high recurrence of GBM after treatment, the understanding of the chemoresistance phenomenon and how to stimulate the antitumor immune response in this pathology is crucial. The deregulation of the Hippo pathway is involved in tumor genesis, chemoresistance and immunosuppressive nature of GBM. This pathway is an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway with a kinase cascade core, which controls the translocation of YAP (Yes-Associated Protein)/TAZ (Transcriptional Co-activator with PDZ-binding Motif) into the nucleus, leading to regulation of organ size and growth. With this review, we want to highlight how chemoresistance and tumor immunosuppression work in GBM and how the Hippo pathway has a key role in them. We linger on the role of the Hippo pathway evaluating the effect of its de-regulation among different human cancers. Moreover, we consider how different pathways are cross-linked with the Hippo signaling in GBM genesis and the hypothetical mechanisms responsible for the Hippo pathway activation in GBM. Furthermore, we describe various drugs targeting the Hippo pathway. In conclusion, all the evidence described largely support a strong involvement of the Hippo pathway in gliomas progression, in the activation of chemoresistance mechanisms and in the development of an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Therefore, this pathway is a promising target for the treatment of high grade gliomas and in particular of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Casati
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Meyer Children’s Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy; (L.G.); (A.L.I.); (A.M.); (I.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Laura Giunti
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Meyer Children’s Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy; (L.G.); (A.L.I.); (A.M.); (I.S.)
| | - Anna Lisa Iorio
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Meyer Children’s Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy; (L.G.); (A.L.I.); (A.M.); (I.S.)
| | - Arianna Marturano
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Meyer Children’s Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy; (L.G.); (A.L.I.); (A.M.); (I.S.)
| | - Luisa Galli
- Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Iacopo Sardi
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Meyer Children’s Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy; (L.G.); (A.L.I.); (A.M.); (I.S.)
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9
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Liu Y, Guo G, Lu Y, Chen X, Zhu L, Zhao L, Li C, Zhang Z, Jin X, Dong J, Yang X, Huang Q. Silencing IKBKE inhibits the migration and invasion of glioblastoma by promoting Snail1 degradation. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 24:816-828. [PMID: 34741724 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02726-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most common malignant brain tumors in adults and has high mortality and relapse rates. Over the past few years, great advances have been made in the diagnosis and treatment of GBM, but unfortunately, the five-year overall survival rate of GBM patients is approximately 5.1%. Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit epsilon (IKBKE) is a major oncogenic protein in tumors and can promote evil development of GBM. Snail1, a key inducer of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) transcription factor, is subjected to ubiquitination and degradation, but the mechanism by which Snail1 is stabilized in tumors remains unclear. Our study aimed to investigate the mechanism of IKBKE regulating Snail1 in GBM. METHODS First, we analyzed the correlation between the expression of IKBKE and the tumor grade and prognosis through public databases and laboratory specimen libraries. Second, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blot were used to detect the correlation between IKBKE and Snail expression in glioma samples and cell lines. Western blot and immunofluorescence (IF) experiments were used to detect the quality and distribution of IKBKE and Snail1 proteins. Third, In situ animal model of intracranial glioma to detect the regulatory effect of IKBKE on intracranial tumors. RESULTS In this study, Our study reveals a new connection between IKBKE and Snail1, where IKBKE can directly bind to Snail1, translocate Snail1 into the nucleus from the cytoplasm. Downregulation of IKBKE results in Snail1 destabilization and impairs the tumor cell migration and invasion capabilities. CONCLUSION Our studies suggest that the IKBKE-Snail1 axis may serve as a potential therapeutic target for GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Cerebrovascular Disease Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - G Guo
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Cerebrovascular Disease Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Y Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - X Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - L Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - L Zhao
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Cerebrovascular Disease Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - C Li
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Cerebrovascular Disease Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Z Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315000, Zhejiang, China
| | - X Jin
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - J Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - X Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Q Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China. .,Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China.
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10
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Wang X, Lu J, Li J, Liu Y, Guo G, Huang Q. CYT387, a potent IKBKE inhibitor, suppresses human glioblastoma progression by activating the Hippo pathway. J Transl Med 2021; 19:396. [PMID: 34544426 PMCID: PMC8454155 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03070-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have showed that IKBKE is overexpressed in several kinds of cancers and that IKBKE-knockdown inhibits tumor progression. In this article, we first verified that two glioblastoma cell lines, U87-MG and LN-229, were sensitive to CYT387 by measuring the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) with a CCK-8 assay and then demonstrated that CYT387, as a potent IKBKE inhibitor, suppressed glioblastoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Additionally, CYT387 induced cell apoptosis and arrested the cell cycle at the G2/M checkpoint in vitro. Furthermore, we showed that CYT387 did not simply inhibit IKBKE activity but also decreased IKBKE expression at the protein level rather than at the mRNA level. We discovered that CYT387 restrained malignant tumor progression by activating the Hippo pathway in vitro. By coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP), we showed that IKBKE interacted with TEAD2 and YAP1, thus accelerating TEAD2 and YAP1 transport into the nucleus. In subsequent in vivo experiments, we found that CYT387 inhibited subcutaneous nude mouse tumor growth but had little impact on intracranial orthotopic xenografts, probably due to a limited ability to penetrate the blood–brain barrier (BBB). These results suggest that CYT387 has potential as a new antiglioblastoma drug, but an approach to allow passage through the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Gaochao Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China. .,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Monie DD, Correia C, Zhang C, Ung CY, Vile RG, Li H. Modular network mechanism of CCN1-associated resistance to HSV-1-derived oncolytic immunovirotherapies for glioblastomas. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11198. [PMID: 34045642 PMCID: PMC8159930 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90718-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBMs) are the most common and lethal primary brain malignancy in adults. Oncolytic virus (OV) immunotherapies selectively kill GBM cells in a manner that elicits antitumor immunity. Cellular communication network factor 1 (CCN1), a protein found in most GBM microenvironments, expression predicts resistance to OVs, particularly herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). This study aims to understand how extracellular CCN1 alters the GBM intracellular state to confer OV resistance. Protein-protein interaction network information flow analyses of LN229 human GBM transcriptomes identified 39 novel nodes and 12 binary edges dominating flow in CCN1high cells versus controls. Virus response programs, notably against HSV-1, and cytokine-mediated signaling pathways are highly enriched. Our results suggest that CCN1high states exploit IDH1 and TP53, and increase dependency on RPL6, HUWE1, and COPS5. To validate, we reproduce our findings in 65 other GBM cell line (CCLE) and 174 clinical GBM patient sample (TCGA) datasets. We conclude through our generalized network modeling and system level analysis that CCN1 signals via several innate immune pathways in GBM to inhibit HSV-1 OVs before transduction. Interventions disrupting this network may overcome immunovirotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dileep D Monie
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Cristina Correia
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Choong Yong Ung
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Richard G Vile
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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12
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Xiong J, Guo G, Guo L, Wang Z, Chen Z, Nan Y, Cao Y, Li R, Yang X, Dong J, Jin X, Yang W, Huang Q. Amlexanox Enhances Temozolomide-Induced Antitumor Effects in Human Glioblastoma Cells by Inhibiting IKBKE and the Akt-mTOR Signaling Pathway. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:4289-4299. [PMID: 33644550 PMCID: PMC7906592 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ), as the first-line chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), often fails to improve the prognosis of GBM patients due to the quick development of resistance. The need for more effective management of GBM is urgent. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of combined therapy with TMZ and amlexanox, a selective inhibitor of IKBKE, for GBM. We found that the combined treatment resulted in significant induction of cellular apoptosis and the inhibition of cell viability, migration, and invasion in primary glioma cells and in the human glioma cell line, U87 MG. As expected, TMZ enhanced the expression of p-AMPK and amlexanox led to the reduction of IKBKE, with no impact on p-AMPK. Furthermore, we demonstrated that compared to other groups treated with each component alone, TMZ combined with amlexanox effectively reversed the TMZ-induced activation of Akt and inhibited the phosphorylation of mTOR. In addition, the combination treatment also clearly reduced in vivo tumor volume and prolonged median survival time in the xenograft mouse model. These results suggest that amlexanox sensitized the primary glioma cells and U87 MG cells to TMZ at least partially through the suppression of IKBKE activation and the attenuation of TMZ-induced Akt activation. Overall, combined treatment with TMZ and amlexanox may provide a promising possibility for improving the prognosis of glioblastoma patients in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbiao Xiong
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University
General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- Key
Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central
Nervous System, Ministry of Education and
Tianjin City, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Gaochao Guo
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University
General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- Key
Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central
Nervous System, Ministry of Education and
Tianjin City, Tianjin 300052, China
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and
Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Lianmei Guo
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University
General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- Key
Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central
Nervous System, Ministry of Education and
Tianjin City, Tianjin 300052, China
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and
Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Zengguang Wang
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University
General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- Key
Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central
Nervous System, Ministry of Education and
Tianjin City, Tianjin 300052, China
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and
Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Zhijuan Chen
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University
General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- Key
Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central
Nervous System, Ministry of Education and
Tianjin City, Tianjin 300052, China
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and
Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yang Nan
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University
General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- Key
Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central
Nervous System, Ministry of Education and
Tianjin City, Tianjin 300052, China
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and
Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yiyao Cao
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University
General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- Key
Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central
Nervous System, Ministry of Education and
Tianjin City, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Ruilong Li
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University
General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- Key
Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central
Nervous System, Ministry of Education and
Tianjin City, Tianjin 300052, China
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and
Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xuejun Yang
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University
General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- Key
Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central
Nervous System, Ministry of Education and
Tianjin City, Tianjin 300052, China
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and
Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Jun Dong
- Department
of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital
of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Xun Jin
- Tianjin
Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- National
Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300052, China
- Key
Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300052, China
- Tianjin’s
Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Weidong Yang
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University
General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- Key
Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central
Nervous System, Ministry of Education and
Tianjin City, Tianjin 300052, China
- . Tel: (+86)13820763396
| | - Qiang Huang
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University
General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- Key
Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central
Nervous System, Ministry of Education and
Tianjin City, Tianjin 300052, China
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and
Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin 300052, China
- . Tel: (+86)13820689221
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13
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Masliantsev K, Karayan-Tapon L, Guichet PO. Hippo Signaling Pathway in Gliomas. Cells 2021; 10:184. [PMID: 33477668 PMCID: PMC7831924 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway is a highly conserved pathway involved in tissue development and regeneration that controls organ size through the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis. The core Hippo pathway is composed of a block of kinases, MST1/2 (Mammalian STE20-like protein kinase 1/2) and LATS1/2 (Large tumor suppressor 1/2), which inhibits nuclear translocation of YAP/TAZ (Yes-Associated Protein 1/Transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif) and its downstream association with the TEAD (TEA domain) family of transcription factors. This pathway was recently shown to be involved in tumorigenesis and metastasis in several cancers such as lung, breast, or colorectal cancers but is still poorly investigated in brain tumors. Gliomas are the most common and the most lethal primary brain tumors representing about 80% of malignant central nervous system neoplasms. Despite intensive clinical protocol, the prognosis for patients remains very poor due to systematic relapse and treatment failure. Growing evidence demonstrating the role of Hippo signaling in cancer biology and the lack of efficient treatments for malignant gliomas support the idea that this pathway could represent a potential target paving the way for alternative therapeutics. Based on recent advances in the Hippo pathway deciphering, the main goal of this review is to highlight the role of this pathway in gliomas by a state-of-the-art synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Masliantsev
- Inserm U1084, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, F-86073 Poitiers, France; (K.M.); (L.K.-T.)
- Université de Poitiers, F-86073 Poitiers, France
- CHU de Poitiers, Laboratoire de Cancérologie Biologique, F-86022 Poitiers, France
| | - Lucie Karayan-Tapon
- Inserm U1084, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, F-86073 Poitiers, France; (K.M.); (L.K.-T.)
- Université de Poitiers, F-86073 Poitiers, France
- CHU de Poitiers, Laboratoire de Cancérologie Biologique, F-86022 Poitiers, France
| | - Pierre-Olivier Guichet
- Inserm U1084, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, F-86073 Poitiers, France; (K.M.); (L.K.-T.)
- Université de Poitiers, F-86073 Poitiers, France
- CHU de Poitiers, Laboratoire de Cancérologie Biologique, F-86022 Poitiers, France
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14
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Xu R, Jones W, Wilcz-Villega E, Costa AS, Rajeeve V, Bentham RB, Bryson K, Nagano A, Yaman B, Olendo Barasa S, Wang Y, Chelala C, Cutillas P, Szabadkai G, Frezza C, Bianchi K. The breast cancer oncogene IKKε coordinates mitochondrial function and serine metabolism. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e48260. [PMID: 32783398 PMCID: PMC7116048 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
IκB kinase ε (IKKε) is a key molecule at the crossroads of inflammation and cancer. Known to regulate cytokine secretion via NFκB and IRF3, the kinase is also a breast cancer oncogene, overexpressed in a variety of tumours. However, to what extent IKKε remodels cellular metabolism is currently unknown. Here, we used metabolic tracer analysis to show that IKKε orchestrates a complex metabolic reprogramming that affects mitochondrial metabolism and consequently serine biosynthesis independently of its canonical signalling role. We found that IKKε upregulates the serine biosynthesis pathway (SBP) indirectly, by limiting glucose‐derived pyruvate utilisation in the TCA cycle, inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Inhibition of mitochondrial function induces activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), which in turn drives upregulation of the expression of SBP genes. Importantly, pharmacological reversal of the IKKε‐induced metabolic phenotype reduces proliferation of breast cancer cells. Finally, we show that in a highly proliferative set of ER negative, basal breast tumours, IKKε and PSAT1 are both overexpressed, corroborating the link between IKKε and the SBP in the clinical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyan Xu
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - William Jones
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Ewa Wilcz-Villega
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Ana Sh Costa
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge, UK.,Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Vinothini Rajeeve
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Robert B Bentham
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, University College London, London, UK.,Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Kevin Bryson
- Department of Computer Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ai Nagano
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Busra Yaman
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Sheila Olendo Barasa
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Yewei Wang
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Claude Chelala
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Pedro Cutillas
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Gyorgy Szabadkai
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, University College London, London, UK.,Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Christian Frezza
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katiuscia Bianchi
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
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15
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A Novel Molecular Mechanism of IKK ε-Mediated Akt/mTOR Inhibition in the Cardiomyocyte Autophagy after Myocardial Infarction. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:7046923. [PMID: 32724494 PMCID: PMC7382748 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7046923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy of cardiomyocytes after myocardial infarction (MI) is an important factor affecting the prognosis of MI. Excessive autophagy can lead to massive death of cardiomyocytes, which will seriously affect cardiac function. IKKε plays a crucial role in the occurrence of autophagy, but the functional role in MI remains largely unknown. To evaluate the impact of IKKε on the autophagy of cardiomyocytes after MI, MI was induced by surgical left anterior descending coronary artery ligation in IKKε knockout (KO) mice and wild-type (WT) mice. Starvation of H9c2 cells with IKKε siRNA and rescued with IKKε overexpressed afterwards to test the mechanism of IKKε in autophagy in vitro. Our results demonstrated that the expression of IKKε was upregulated in mice myocardial tissues which were consistent with cardiomyocyte autophagy after MI. Significantly, the IKKε KO mice showed increased infarct size, decreased viable cardiomyocytes, and exacerbated cardiac dysfunction when compared with the wild-type mice. Western blot and electron micrography analysis also revealed that loss of IKKε induces excessive cardiomyocyte autophagy and reduced the expression of p-Akt and p-mTOR. Similar results were observed in IKKε siRNA H9c2 cells in vitro which were under starvation injury. Notably, the levels of p-Akt and p-mTOR can restore in IKKε rescued cells. In conclusion, our results indicated that IKKε protects cardiomyocyte survival by reduced autophagy following MI via regulation of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Thus, our study suggests that IKKε might represent a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of MI.
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16
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Wang B, Wang K, Jin T, Xu Q, He Y, Cui B, Wang Y. NCK1-AS1 enhances glioma cell proliferation, radioresistance and chemoresistance via miR-22-3p/IGF1R ceRNA pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110395. [PMID: 32887025 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the deadliest disease in human central nerve system. Abnormal expression of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) expression has been demontrated to be implicated in various cancers. The oncogenic role of lncRNA NCK1-AS1 has been validated in cervical cancer, wheras its role in glioma remians obscure. Our research findings suggested that NCK1-AS1 was upregulated in glioma tissues and cells. NCK1-AS1 deficiency hindered cell proliferation and enhanced cell apoptosis. Additionally, the chemoresistance and radioresistance of glioma cells were impaired by NCK1-AS1 depletion. Moreover, miR-22-3p, a downstream gene of NCK1-AS1, could weaken glioma cell chemoresistance and radioresistance. Similarly, IGF1R was the downstream target gene of miR-22-3p. Further mechanism and function assays demonstrated that NCK1-AS1 promoted glioma cell growth, chemoresistance and radioresistance via sponging miR-22-3p to upregulate IGF1R. Finally, the tumor facilitator function of NCK1-AS1 was also verified by in vivo experiments. Taken together, NCK1-AS1 contributes to glioma cell proliferation, radioresistance and chemoresistance via miR-22-3p/IGF1R ceRNA pathway, which might provide a new insight for improving the radiotherapy and chemotherapy treatments of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhengzhou People's Hospital, No. 33 Huanghe Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhengzhou People's Hospital, No. 33 Huanghe Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Tenglong Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhengzhou People's Hospital, No. 33 Huanghe Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Qiling Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhengzhou People's Hospital, No. 33 Huanghe Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Yanyang He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhengzhou People's Hospital, No. 33 Huanghe Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Bingzhou Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhengzhou People's Hospital, No. 33 Huanghe Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Yazhou Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhengzhou People's Hospital, No. 33 Huanghe Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.
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17
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Yi L, Guo G, Li J, Fan X, Li T, Tong L, Liu P, Wang X, Yuan F, Yu S, Huang Q, Yang X. IKBKE, a prognostic factor preferentially expressed in mesenchymal glioblastoma, modulates tumoral immunosuppression through the STAT3/PD‐L1 pathway. Clin Transl Med 2020. [PMCID: PMC7418810 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Li Yi
- Department of NeurosurgeryTianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin China
- Laboratory of Neuro‐OncologyTianjin Neurological Institute Tianjin China
- Department of Oncology‐Pathology, Karolinska InstitutetKarolinska University Hospital Solna Stockholm Sweden
| | - Gaochao Guo
- Department of NeurosurgeryTianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin China
- Laboratory of Neuro‐OncologyTianjin Neurological Institute Tianjin China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People's HospitalPeople's Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan China
| | - Jiabo Li
- Department of NeurosurgeryTianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin China
- Laboratory of Neuro‐OncologyTianjin Neurological Institute Tianjin China
| | - Xiaoguang Fan
- Department of NeurosurgeryTianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin China
- Laboratory of Neuro‐OncologyTianjin Neurological Institute Tianjin China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of NeurosurgeryTianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin China
- Laboratory of Neuro‐OncologyTianjin Neurological Institute Tianjin China
| | - Luqing Tong
- Department of NeurosurgeryTianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin China
- Laboratory of Neuro‐OncologyTianjin Neurological Institute Tianjin China
- Department of NeurosurgeryJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
| | - Peidong Liu
- Department of NeurosurgeryTianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin China
- Laboratory of Neuro‐OncologyTianjin Neurological Institute Tianjin China
- Department of NeurosurgeryJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
| | - Xuya Wang
- Department of NeurosurgeryTianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin China
- Laboratory of Neuro‐OncologyTianjin Neurological Institute Tianjin China
| | - Feng Yuan
- Department of NeurosurgeryTianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin China
- Laboratory of Neuro‐OncologyTianjin Neurological Institute Tianjin China
| | - Shengping Yu
- Department of NeurosurgeryTianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin China
- Laboratory of Neuro‐OncologyTianjin Neurological Institute Tianjin China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Department of NeurosurgeryTianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin China
- Laboratory of Neuro‐OncologyTianjin Neurological Institute Tianjin China
| | - Xuejun Yang
- Department of NeurosurgeryTianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin China
- Laboratory of Neuro‐OncologyTianjin Neurological Institute Tianjin China
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18
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Qiao J, Chen Y, Mi Y, Jin H, Wang L, Huang T, Li H, Song Y, Cao J, Wu B, Wang Q, Zou Z. Macrophages confer resistance to BET inhibition in triple-negative breast cancer by upregulating IKBKE. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 180:114126. [PMID: 32603665 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BET inhibitors (BETi) exhibit a strong anti-tumor activity in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, BETi resistance has been reported in TNBC. The mechanisms of resistance have not been demonstrated. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are frequently involved in cancer cells resistance to chemotherapy, also associated with poor prognosis in TNBC. However, the role of TAMs in BETi resistance remains unknown. Here, we found that BETi JQ1 and I-BET151 exerted anti-tumor effects in TNBC by decreasing IKBKE expression to attenuate NF-κB signaling. TAMs have been reported to associate with chemoresistance in breast cancer. Here, we firstly found that TNBC-stimulated TAMs activated NF-κB signaling by upregulating IKBKE expression to enhance breast cancer cells resistance to BETi. The IKBKE levels were also proved to be higher in clinical TNBC tissues than Non-TNBC tissues, suggesting feedback induction of IKBKE expression by TNBC-stimulated TAMs in TNBC. Moreover, the induction of IKBKE by TAMs in TNBC cells was identified to be associated with STAT3 signaling, which was activated by TAM-secreted IL-6 and IL-10. Lastly, the combination of inhibitors of BET and STAT3 exerted a synergistic inhibition effects in TAM-cocultured or TAM CM-treated TNBC cells in vitro and in vivo. Altogether, our findings illustrated TNBC-activated macrophages conferred TNBC cells resistance to BETi via IL-6 or IL-10/STAT3/IKBKE/NF-κB axis. Blockade of IKBKE or double inhibition of BET and STAT3 might be a novel strategy for treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghua Qiao
- Department of Breast Disease, Henan Breast Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital. Zhengzhou 450008 China
| | - Yibing Chen
- Genetic and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yanjun Mi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Antitumor Drug Transformation Research and Thoracic Tumor Diagnosis & Treatment, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Huan Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Breast Disease, Henan Breast Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital. Zhengzhou 450008 China
| | - Ting Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Haolong Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yucen Song
- Genetic and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Jun Cao
- Genetic and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Baoyan Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Qiming Wang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital. Zhengzhou 450008, China.
| | - Zhengzhi Zou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
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Lv P, Li C, Wang M, Ren J, Zhang Y, Fu G. TANK-binding kinase 1 alleviates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury through regulating apoptotic pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 528:574-579. [PMID: 32505355 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury, a complicated pathophysiological process, is regulated by lots of signaling pathways. Here in our present study, we identified TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), an IKK-related serine/threonine kinase, as a protective regulator in MI/R injury. Our results indicated that TBK1 was decreased in MI/R injury in mice. However, after overexpressing TBK1 through an intramyocardial injection of TBK1 adenovirus, TBK1 overexpression improved cardiac function detected by echocardiography, decreased infarct size detected by Evans Blue and TTC staining, reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis measured by TUNEL staining and alleviated disruption of mitochondria and cardiac muscle fibers detected by TEM in response to MI/R injury. Consistently, TBK1 overexpression ameliorated mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) in response to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury. Mechanistically, TBK1 overexpression upregulated Bcl-2 (an anti-apoptotic protein) but downregulated Bax (a pro-apoptotic protein) in vivo and in vitro. Collectively, our findings uncovered a pivotal function of TBK1 in MI/R injury through regulating the levels of apoptotic proteins for the first time, which might represent a promising target in treating MI/R patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lv
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, 310020, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Congye Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meihui Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, 310020, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China.
| | - Guosheng Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, 310020, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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20
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Liu G, Bao Y, Liu C, Zhu Q, Zhao L, Lu X, Zhu Q, Lv Y, Bai F, Wen H, Sun Y, Zhu WG. IKKε phosphorylates kindlin-2 to induce invadopodia formation and promote colorectal cancer metastasis. Theranostics 2020; 10:2358-2373. [PMID: 32104508 PMCID: PMC7019159 DOI: 10.7150/thno.40397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Invadopodia formation is a key driver of cancer metastasis. The noncanonical IkB-related kinase IKKε has been implicated in cancer metastasis, but its roles in invadopodia formation and colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis are unclear. Methods: Immunofluorescence, gelatin-degradation assay, wound healing assay and transwell invasion assay were used to determine the influence of IKKε over-expression, knockdown and pharmacological inhibition on invadopodia formation and the migratory and invasive capacity of CRC cells in vitro. Effects of IKKε knockdown or pharmacological inhibition on CRC metastasis were examined in mice. Immunohistochemistry staining was used to detect expression levels of IKKε in CRC patient tissues, and its association with prognosis in CRC patients was also analyzed. Immunoprecipitation, western blotting and in vitro kinase assay were constructed to investigate the molecular mechanisms. Results: IKKε co-localizes with F-actin and the invadopodia marker Tks5 at the gelatin-degrading sites of CRC cells. Genetic over-expression/knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of IKKε altered invadopodia formation and the migratory and invasive capacity of CRC cells in vitro. In vivo, knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of IKKε significantly suppressed metastasis of CRC cells in mice. IKKε knockdown also inhibited invadopodia formation in vivo. Clinical investigation of tumor specimens from 191 patients with CRC revealed that high IKKε expression correlates with metastasis and poor prognosis of CRC. Mechanistically, IKKε directly binds to and phosphorylates kindlin-2 at serine 159; this effect mediates the IKKε-induced invadopodia formation and promotion of CRC metastasis. Conclusions: We identify IKKε as a novel regulator of invadopodia formation and a unique mechanism by which IKKε promotes the metastasis of CRC. Our study suggests that IKKε is a potential target to suppress CRC metastasis.
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Yin M, Wang X, Lu J. Advances in IKBKE as a potential target for cancer therapy. Cancer Med 2020; 9:247-258. [PMID: 31733040 PMCID: PMC6943080 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
IKBKE (inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit epsilon), a member of the nonclassical IKK family, plays an important role in the regulation of inflammatory reactions, activation and proliferation of immune cells, and metabolic diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated that IKBKE plays a crucial regulatory role in malignant tumor development. In recent years, IKBKE, an important oncoprotein in several kinds of tumors, has been widely found to regulate a variety of cytokines and signaling pathways. IKBKE promotes the growth, proliferation, invasion, and drug resistance of various cancers. This paper makes a detailed review that focuses on the recent discoveries of IKBKE in the malignant tumors, and puts forward that IKBKE is becoming an important therapeutic target for clinical treatment, which has been more and more realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yin
- Department of OncologyJinan Fifth People's HospitalJinanPR China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of OncologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityHubei ProvinceWuhanPR China
- Department of Radiation OncologyShandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong UniversityShandong Academy of Medical ScienceJinanPR China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanPR China
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22
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Guo G, Sun Y, Hong R, Xiong J, Lu Y, Liu Y, Lu J, Zhang Z, Guo C, Nan Y, Huang Q. IKBKE enhances TMZ-chemoresistance through upregulation of MGMT expression in glioblastoma. Clin Transl Oncol 2019; 22:1252-1262. [PMID: 31865606 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-019-02251-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant type of brain tumor. Despite advances in diagnosis and therapy, the prognosis of patients with GBM has remained dismal. Multidrug resistance and high recurrence are two of the major challenges in successfully treating brain tumors. IKBKE (inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit epsilon) is a major oncogenic protein in tumors and can inhibit glioblastoma cell proliferation, migration, and tumorigenesis. Our study aimed to investigate the mechanism of IKBKE enhancing the resistance of glioma cells to temozolomide. METHODS For the in vitro experiments, LN18 and U118 glioblastoma cells were treated with a combination of sh/oe-IKBKE lentivirus and TMZ. Cell proliferation was determined by the EdU assay and colony formation assays. Apoptosis was analyzed by the TUNEL assay. In vivo, LN18 NC and LN18 sh-IKBKE cells were implanted into the cerebrums of nude mice to detect the effect of combination therapy. The protein and mRNA levels were assayed by western blot, immunohistochemistry, and qRT-PCR. RESULTS In this study, we demonstrated that IKBKE enhances the resistance of glioblastoma cells to temozolomide (TMZ) by activating the AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway to upregulate the expression of the DNA repair enzyme o6-methylguanine-dna methyltransferase (MGMT). In glioblastoma cells, IKBKE knockdown enhances apoptosis and suppresses cell proliferation, clone formation, and tumor development in vivo induced by TMZ. However, overexpression of IKBKE reduces the effects of TMZ. CONCLUSION Our studies suggest that inhibition of IKBKE can enhance the therapeutic effect of TMZ on GBM in vitro and in vivo, providing new research directions and therapeutic targets for the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Y Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - R Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - J Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Y Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - J Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Province Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Z Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315000, Zhejiang, China
| | - C Guo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Y Nan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Q Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China. .,Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China.
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23
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The kinases IKBKE and TBK1 regulate MYC-dependent survival pathways through YB-1 in AML and are targets for therapy. Blood Adv 2019; 2:3428-3442. [PMID: 30504235 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018016733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify novel therapeutic targets in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), we examined kinase expression patterns in primary AML samples. We found that the serine/threonine kinase IKBKE, a noncanonical IkB kinase, is expressed at higher levels in myeloid leukemia cells compared with normal hematopoietic cells. Inhibiting IKBKE, or its close homolog TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), by either short hairpin RNA knockdown or pharmacological compounds, induces apoptosis and reduces the viability of AML cells. Using gene expression profiling and gene set enrichment analysis, we found that IKBKE/TBK1-sensitive AML cells typically possess an MYC oncogenic signature. Consistent with this finding, the MYC oncoprotein was significantly downregulated upon IKBKE/TBK1 inhibition. Using proteomic analysis, we found that the oncogenic gene regulator YB-1 was activated by IKBKE/TBK1 through phosphorylation, and that YB-1 binds to the MYC promoter to enhance MYC gene transcription. Momelotinib (CYT387), a pharmacological inhibitor of IKBKE/TBK1, inhibits MYC expression, reduces viability and clonogenicity of primary AML cells, and demonstrates efficacy in a murine model of AML. Together, these data identify IKBKE/TBK1 as a promising therapeutic target in AML.
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24
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Ngadiono E, Hardiany NS. Advancing towards Effective Glioma Therapy: MicroRNA Derived from Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells' Extracellular Vesicles. Malays J Med Sci 2019; 26:5-16. [PMID: 31496889 PMCID: PMC6719885 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2019.26.4.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A glioma, especially a grade IV glioblastoma, is a malignant tumour with a poor prognosis despite growing medical advancements. Researchers have been looking for better and more effective treatments targeting the molecular pathways of gliomas due to glioblastomas’ ability to develop resistance to chemotherapies. Moreover, glioma stem cells (GSC) contribute to maintaining the glioma population, which benefits from its ability to self-renew and differentiate. Recent research has reported that through the introduction of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSC) into glioma cells, the growth and development of the glioma cells can be downregulated. It has more currently been found out that UCMSC release extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing miRNA that are responsible for this phenomenon. Therefore, this review analyses literature to discuss all possible miRNAs contained within the UCMSC’s EVs and to elaborate on their molecular mechanisms in halting gliomas and GSC growth. This review will also include the challenges and limitations, to account for which more in vivo research is suggested. In conclusion, this review highlights how miRNAs contained within UCMSC’s EVs are able to downregulate multiple prominent pathways in the survival of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eko Ngadiono
- International Class Program, Faculty of Medicines Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Novi Silvia Hardiany
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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25
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Wang X, Teng F, Lu J, Mu D, Zhang J, Yu J. Expression and prognostic role of IKBKE and TBK1 in stage I non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:6593-6602. [PMID: 31406474 PMCID: PMC6642623 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s204924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inhibitors of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit epsilon (IKBKE) and TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) are important members of the nonclassical IKK family that share the kinase domain. They are important oncogenes for activation of several signaling pathways in several tumors. This study aims to explore the expression of IKBKE and TBK1 and their prognostic role in stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 142 surgically resected stage I NSCLC patients were enrolled and immunohistochemistry of IKBKE and TBK1 was performed. RESULTS IKBKE and TBK1 were expressed in 121 (85.2%) and 114 (80.3%) of stage I NSCLC patients respectively. IKBKE expression was significantly associated with TBK1 expression (P=0.004). Furthermore, multivariate regression analyses showed there was a significant relationship between patients with risk factors, the recurrence pattern of metastasis and IKBKE+/TBK1+ co-expression (P=0.032 and P=0.022, respectively). In Kaplan-Meier survival curve analyses, the IKBKE+/TBK1+ co-expression subgroup was significantly associated with poor overall survival (P=0.014). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to investigate the relationship between IKBKE and TBK1 expression and clinicopathologic characteristics in stage I NSCLC patients. IKBKE+/TBK1+ co-expression was significantly obvious in patients with risk factors and with recurrence pattern of distant metastasis. Furthermore, IKBKE+/TBK1+ is also an effective prognostic predictor for poor overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei430060, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong250117, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feifei Teng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong250117, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Province Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dianbin Mu
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong250117, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianbo Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong250117, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei430060, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong250117, People’s Republic of China
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Shin CH, Choi DS. Essential Roles for the Non-Canonical IκB Kinases in Linking Inflammation to Cancer, Obesity, and Diabetes. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020178. [PMID: 30791439 PMCID: PMC6406369 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-canonical IκB kinases (IKKs) TBK1 and IKKε have essential roles as regulators of innate immunity and cancer. Recent work has also implicated these kinases in distinctively controlling glucose homeostasis and repressing adaptive thermogenic and mitochondrial biogenic response upon obesity-induced inflammation. Additionally, TBK1 and IKKε regulate pancreatic β-cell regeneration. In this review, we summarize current data on the functions and molecular mechanisms of TBK1 and IKKε in orchestrating inflammation to cancer, obesity, and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Hyun Shin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Doo-Sup Choi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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27
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PLK4 is a determinant of temozolomide sensitivity through phosphorylation of IKBKE in glioblastoma. Cancer Lett 2019; 443:91-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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28
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Liu T, Li A, Xu Y, Xin Y. MCCK1 enhances the anticancer effect of temozolomide in attenuating the invasion, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of glioblastoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Med 2019; 8:751-760. [PMID: 30656846 PMCID: PMC6382719 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ) is the traditional treatment for glioblastoma (GBM). Nevertheless, majority of GBM patients have recurrence from resistance to the chemotherapy. Herein, we examined combinational effects of MCCK1 (a specific and effective IKKε inhibitor) with TMZ in GBM U251MG and U‐87MG cell lines as well as U251MG xenograft models to overcome the therapeutic limitation of chemotherapy for GBM. Although MCCK1 alone showed inhibitory effects on in vitro proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT of U251MG and U‐87MG cells, combination of MCCK1 and TMZ showed enhanced inhibitory effects. In the U251MG GBM xenograft models, MCCK1 showed synergistic therapeutic effects in combination with TMZ to reduce tumor volumes significantly. These data indicated that MCCK1 could be a candidate sensitizer to potentiate therapeutic effects of conventional cytotoxic treatment for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tie Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Anqi Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yulun Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Xin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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29
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Orlova Z, Pruefer F, Castro-Oropeza R, Ordaz-Ramos A, Zampedri C, Maldonado V, Vazquez-Santillan K, Melendez-Zajgla J. IKKε regulates the breast cancer stem cell phenotype. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:598-611. [PMID: 30615901 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Inhibitor of Nuclear Factor Kappa B Kinase Subunit Epsilon (IKKε) is an oncogenic protein that is up-regulated in various types of human cancers, including breast tumors. This kinase regulates diverse processes associated with malignant progression including proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. To delve into the molecular mechanisms regulated by this kinase we performed RNA-seq and network analysis of breast cancer cells overexpressing IKKε. We found that the TNF/NF-κB cascade was clearly enriched, and in accordance, NF-κB pathway inhibition in these cells resulted in a decreased expression of IKKε target genes. Interestingly, we also found an enrichment of a mammary stemness functional pathway. Upregulation of IKKε led to an increase of a stem CD44+/CD24-/low population accompanied by a high expression of stem markers such as ALDH1A3, NANOG, and KLF4 and with an increased clonogenic ability and mammosphere formation capacity. These results were corroborated with in vivo dilution assays in zebrafish embryos which showed a significant increase in the number of Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs). Finally, we found that Triple-Negative breast tumors, which are enriched in CSCs, display higher levels of IKKε than other breast tumors, supporting the association of this kinase with the stem phenotype. In conclusion, our results highlight the role of IKKε kinase in the regulation of the stem cell phenotype in breast cancer cells, as assessed by expression, functional and in vivo assays. These results add to the potential use of this kinase as a therapeutic target in this neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanna Orlova
- Epigenetics, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica, Periferico Sur No.4809, Col Arenal Tepepan, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14610, Mexico; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Franz Pruefer
- Functional Genomics Laboratories, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica, Periferico Sur No.4809, Col Arenal Tepepan, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14610, Mexico
| | - Rosario Castro-Oropeza
- Epigenetics, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica, Periferico Sur No.4809, Col Arenal Tepepan, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14610, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Ordaz-Ramos
- Epigenetics, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica, Periferico Sur No.4809, Col Arenal Tepepan, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14610, Mexico
| | - Cecilia Zampedri
- Functional Genomics Laboratories, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica, Periferico Sur No.4809, Col Arenal Tepepan, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14610, Mexico
| | - Vilma Maldonado
- Epigenetics, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica, Periferico Sur No.4809, Col Arenal Tepepan, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14610, Mexico
| | - Karla Vazquez-Santillan
- Epigenetics, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica, Periferico Sur No.4809, Col Arenal Tepepan, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14610, Mexico.
| | - Jorge Melendez-Zajgla
- Functional Genomics Laboratories, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica, Periferico Sur No.4809, Col Arenal Tepepan, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14610, Mexico.
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Pronin S, Koh CH, Hughes M. Cytotoxicity of ultraviolet-C radiation on a heterogeneous population of human glioblastoma multiforme cells: Meta-analysis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 24:158-163. [PMID: 30308311 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current treatment strategies for glioblastoma multiforme are limited due to early recurrence and heterogeneity of the cell population that causes a varied response to treatment. Ultraviolet-C (UVC) radiation may be a potential adjuvant treatment that could theoretically be delivered locally by implantable micro-electromechanical systems that sense and kill early recurrence and/or minimally residual cancer. in vitro irradiation experiments are limited because they commonly use a single cell line. Therefore other methods are required to investigate cytotoxicity across a heterogeneous population of GBM. METHODS A meta-analysis was conducted to assess the cytotoxic effects of UVC radiation on human GBM cell lines, with or without genetic modification, in monolayer to simulate a heterogeneous model. 16 publications were included using 14 different cell lines and 19 gene vectors. Effect sizes were calculated for cell survival, viability, apoptosis and proliferation. Univariate meta-regression was used to investigate the effects of radiant exposure (J/m2) and timing on cytotoxicity. RESULTS UVC resulted in a 70.9% (CI: 63.6%-78.2%) reduction in survival, 16.6% (CI: 10.8%-22.4%) increase in apoptosis, 32.0% (CI: 9.95%-54.2%) reduction in viability, and 413.8% (CI: 95.7%-731.9%) reduction in proliferation of GBM cell lines compared to controls. Radiant exposure was significantly associated with survival (R2 = 0.486, p < 0.0001) but not with apoptosis or viability. CONCLUSIONS This study provides more data on the therapeutic translational potential of UVC to a more clinically-realistic context. Overall, UVC is cytotoxic to GBM cell lines in aggregate and may be clinically useful when combined with genetic modification or other adjuvant treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savva Pronin
- Translational Neurosurgery Unit, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| | - Chan Hee Koh
- Translational Neurosurgery Unit, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Hughes
- Translational Neurosurgery Unit, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Roles for the IKK-Related Kinases TBK1 and IKKε in Cancer. Cells 2018; 7:cells7090139. [PMID: 30223576 PMCID: PMC6162516 DOI: 10.3390/cells7090139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
While primarily studied for their roles in innate immune response, the IκB kinase (IKK)-related kinases TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and IKKε also promote the oncogenic phenotype in a variety of cancers. Additionally, several substrates of these kinases control proliferation, autophagy, cell survival, and cancer immune responses. Here we review the involvement of TBK1 and IKKε in controlling different cancers and in regulating responses to cancer immunotherapy.
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Yang Z, Honda T, Ueda K. vFLIP upregulates IKKε, leading to spindle morphology formation through RelA activation. Virology 2018; 522:106-121. [PMID: 30029010 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS)-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) vFLIP, a latent gene of KSHV, was first identified as a FLICE-inhibitory protein (FLIP) protecting cells from apoptosis. The vFLIP protein has been shown to activate the NF-κB signaling involved in spindle morphology formation both in HUVECs infected with KSHV and Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) itself. In this study, we independently established stably vFLIP-expressing cells and showed that they exhibited upregulated NF-κB family protein expression independent of the ability of IKKs to bind vFLIP. Further, vFLIP induced upregulation of IKKε, phosphorylation of RelA at Ser468 (p-RelA S468) and nuclear localization of Re1A concomitant with spindle morphology formation, and these effects were reversed by knockdown of IKKε and treatment with Bay-11. Overexpression of IKKε alone also showed spindle morphology formation with p-RelA S468. In conclusion, the spindle cell morphology in KS should be induced by RelA activation (p-RelA S468) by IKKε upregulation in vFLIP-expressing EA hy926 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunlin Yang
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Honda
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Keiji Ueda
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Bai J, Xiao L, Tao Z, Cao B, Han Y, Fan W, Kong X, Ma X, Gao Y, Bi L, Chen W, Shi B, Liu X. Ectopic expression of E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase 2 in glioma and enhances resistance to apoptosis through activating nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of B cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:4391-4399. [PMID: 30214574 PMCID: PMC6126155 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of B cells (NF-κB) is one of the most important tumorigenic factors. Although it has been established that NF-κB is overly activated in human glioma cells, the molecular mechanisms that lead to the signal transduction to NF-κB and thereby the induction of resistance to apoptosis remain poorly understood. The present study demonstrated that mRNA and protein levels of E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase 2 (MIB2) were markedly upregulated in glioma cell lines and clinical samples. Immunohistochemical analysis also revealed high levels of MIB2 expression in glioma specimens. Ectopic overexpression of MIB2 was established in glioma cell lines to investigate its fundamental roles in the response of human glioma to apoptotic inducers. The results indicated that ultraviolet irradiation-induced cell apoptosis was inhibited with MIB2 overexpression in glioma cells. Notably, knockdown of MIB2 using RNA interference was able to increase the sensitivity of glioma cells to the pro-apoptotic agents. The present study identified that MIB2 induces NF-κB activation and facilitates the resistance of glioma cell to apoptosis. It was proposed that MIB2 may not only be an important hallmark to glioma disease progression, but that it may also offer novel clinical strategies to overcome resistance to cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Bai
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, The 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China.,Experimental Animal Centre, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, P.R. China
| | - Li Xiao
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, The 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Jinan Military Command, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Bingzhen Cao
- Experimental Animal Centre, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, P.R. China
| | - Yong Han
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, The 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Wenmei Fan
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, The 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Xiangrui Kong
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, The 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Xihui Ma
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, The 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Yu Gao
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, The 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Lili Bi
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, The 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Wen Chen
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, The 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Bingyi Shi
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, The 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Xicheng Liu
- Department of Anesthesia, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 5188020, P.R. China
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Lu J, Yang Y, Guo G, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Dong S, Nan Y, Zhao Z, Zhong Y, Huang Q. IKBKE regulates cell proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of human malignant glioma via the Hippo pathway. Oncotarget 2018; 8:49502-49514. [PMID: 28548934 PMCID: PMC5564784 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
IKBKE is increased in several types of cancers and is associated with tumour malignancy. In this study, we confirmed that IKBKE promoted glioma proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro. Then, we further discovered that IKBKE increased Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) and TEA domain family member 2 (TEAD2), two important Hippo pathway downstream factors, to induce an epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), thus contributing to tumour invasion and metastasis. We also testified that YAP1 and TEAD2 promoted epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in malignant glioma. Furthermore, we constructed nude mouse subcutaneous and intracranial models to verify that IKBKE could attenuate U87-MG tumourigenicity in vivo. Collectively, our results suggest that IKBKE plays a pivotal role in regulating cell proliferation, invasion and epithelial–mesenchymal transition of malignant glioma cells in vitro and in vivo by impacting on the Hippo pathway. Therefore, targeting IKBKE may become a new strategy to treat malignant glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Gaochao Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Zhimeng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Shicai Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yang Nan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Zhenyi Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Baodi People's Hospital, Baodi District, Tianjin 301800, China
| | - Yue Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
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Yang W, Qu Y, Tan B, Jia Y, Wang N, Hu P, Wang J. Prognostic significance of preoperative IKBKE expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:1305-1314. [PMID: 29563809 PMCID: PMC5846766 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s156818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose IκB kinase epsilon (IKBKE; IKKε), a member of the nuclear factor-κB kinase inhibitor family, is upregulated in several human cancers, including breast cancer, prostate cancer, and ovarian cancer. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common and most aggressively malignant cancers with dismal prognosis. However, the state of IKBKE expression in ESCC is still unknown and its potential value remains unexplored. Patients and methods IKBKE protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 118 paraffin specimens of ESCC treated by curative surgery. All patients were regularly followed up by telephone over 3 years after surgery. The chi-square test, Kaplan–Meier method, and Cox proportional hazard regression model were used to analyze the relationship of IKBKE expression, clinicopathological characteristics, and prognostic value for ESCC. Results IKBKE expression was 61.9% (73/118) in paraffin-embedded archived ESCC. Its expression was significantly associated with tumor differentiation grade (p=0.045) and advanced TNM (pathologic tumor node metastasis) stages (p=0.023). In univariate analysis, IKBKE expression was closely associated with decreased 3-year disease-free survival (HR 1.804, 95% CI 1.076–3.027; p=0.023) and overall survival (HR 2.118, 95% CI 1.189–3.773; p=0.009). Meanwhile, in multivariate analysis it was identified as an independent prognostic factor for 3-year disease-free survival (HR 1.777, 95% CI 1.034–3.054; p=0.037) and overall survival (HR 2.078, 95% CI 1.138–3.796; p=0.017). Conclusion Our data indicated for the first time that IKKε expression is a highly recurrent event in ESCC and could play a pivotal role in the evaluation of prognosis. IKBKE upregulation is negatively associated with disease-free survival and overall survival. Therefore, IKBKE could serve as a prognostic variable and potential therapeutic target for this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Yang
- Department of Radiation, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Qu
- Department of Radiation, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingxu Tan
- Department of Radiation, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yibin Jia
- Department of Radiation, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Nana Wang
- Department of Radiation, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Hu
- Department of Radiation, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbo Wang
- Department of Radiation, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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36
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Wang L, Guo S, Zhang H. MiR-98 Promotes Apoptosis of Glioma Cells via Suppressing IKBKE/NF-κB Pathway. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2017; 16:1226-1234. [PMID: 29333957 PMCID: PMC5762096 DOI: 10.1177/1533034617745761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibitor of kappa B kinase epsilon is overexpressed in glioma and plays antiapoptotic role via activating nuclear factor-kappa B. microRNA-98 can suppress glioma, modulate the activities of nuclear factor-kappa B, and bind to the 3′-untranslated region of inhibitor of kappa B kinase epsilon messenger RNA. This study was aimed to investigate the modulation of inhibitor of kappa B kinase epsilon/nuclear factor-kappa B by microRNA-98 in glioma. The results indicated that microRNA-98 was downregulated in glioma cell lines and human glioma tissues. Overexpression of microRNA-98 in U87MG and T98G glioma cells significantly increased the apoptosis induced by ultraviolet irradiation and suppressed nuclear factor-kappa B luciferase activity, nuclear factor-kappa B p50 subunit expression, and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) expression in glioma cells. Silencing inhibitor of kappa B kinase epsilon decreased the expression of nuclear factor-kappa B p50 subunit and the luciferase activity of nuclear factor-kappa B, while the nuclear factor-kappa B activity could be significantly retrieved when inhibitor of kappa B kinase epsilon was expressed in microRNA-98-transfected cells. These findings indicated that microRNA-98 could promote apoptosis of glioma cells via inhibiting inhibitor of kappa B kinase epsilon/nuclear factor-kappa B signaling and presented a novel regulatory pathway of microRNA-98 by direct suppression of inhibitor of kappa B kinase epsilon/nuclear factor-kappa B expression in glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Wang
- 1 The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaolei Guo
- 1 The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- 1 The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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37
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Pronin S, Koh CH, Hughes M. Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation on Glioma: Systematic Review. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:4063-4071. [PMID: 28407299 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is the most aggressive primary brain tumor. Treatment is largely palliative, with current strategies unable to prevent inevitable tumor recurrence. Implantable micro-electromechanical systems are becoming more feasible for the management of several human diseases. These systems may have a role in detecting tumor recurrence and delivering localized therapies. One potential therapeutic tool is ultraviolet (UV) light. This systematic review assesses the effects of UV light on glioma cells. A total of 47 publications are included. The large majority were in vitro experiments conducted on human glioblastoma cell lines in monolayer. In these cells, UV light was shown to induce apoptosis and the expression of genes or activation of proteins that modulate cell death, repair, and proliferation. The nature and magnitude of cellular response varied by UV wavelength, dose, cell line, and time after irradiation. UVC (wavelength 100-280 nm) was most effective at inducing apoptosis, and this effect was dose dependent. The included studies had varied methodologies, complicating reconciliation of results. Further work will be required to determine the best regime of UV irradiation for therapeutic use. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4063-4071, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savva Pronin
- Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Chan Hee Koh
- Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark Hughes
- Translational Neurosurgery Unit, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Amlexanox, a selective inhibitor of IKBKE, generates anti-tumoral effects by disrupting the Hippo pathway in human glioblastoma cell lines. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3022. [PMID: 29048430 PMCID: PMC5596579 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most prevalent form of malignant brain tumor. Amlexanox, a novel compound, has been shown to have anti-cancer potential. In this study, the anti-tumoral effects and the underlying mechanisms of amlexanox were investigated. Amlexanox significantly suppressed proliferation and invasion and induced apoptosis in glioblastoma cells. Furthermore, we found that amlexanox altered the protein expression of the Hippo pathway by downregulating IKBKE. Our data indicates that IKBKE directly targets LATS1/2 and induces degradation of LATS1/2, thereby inhibiting the activity of the Hippo pathway. In vivo results further confirmed the tumor inhibitory effect of amlexanox via the downregulation of IKBKE, and amlexanox induced no apparent toxicity. Collectively, our studies suggest that amlexanox is a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of GBM.
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39
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Zhang Z, Lu J, Guo G, Yang Y, Dong S, Liu Y, Nan Y, Zhong Y, Yu K, Huang Q. IKBKE promotes glioblastoma progression by establishing the regulatory feedback loop of IKBKE/YAP1/miR-Let-7b/i. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317705575. [PMID: 28677425 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317705575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we have demonstrated that IKBKE (inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit epsilon) is overexpressed in human glioblastoma and that inhibition of IKBKE remarkably suppresses the proliferative and invasive behaviour of glioblastoma cells. However, the specific pathogenic molecular mechanism remains to be elucidated. In this study, we verified that IKBKE promotes YAP1 expression via posttranslational modification and accelerates YAP1 translocation to the nucleus for the development of glioblastoma. We then determined that YAP1 negatively regulates miR-let-7b/i by overexpressing and silencing YAP1 expression. In addition, miR-let-7b/i feedback decreases the expression of IKBKE and YAP1 and suppresses the transportation of YAP1 located in the nucleus. Therefore, the regulatory feedback circuit of IKBKE↑→YAP1↑→miR-let-7b/i↓→IKBKE↑ dictates glioblastoma progression. Thus, we propose that blocking the circuit may be a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimeng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gaochao Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shicai Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Nan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
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Rajurkar M, Dang K, Fernandez-Barrena MG, Liu X, Fernandez-Zapico ME, Lewis BC, Mao J. IKBKE Is Required during KRAS-Induced Pancreatic Tumorigenesis. Cancer Res 2017; 77:320-329. [PMID: 28069799 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest malignancies lacking effective therapeutic strategies. Here, we show that the noncanonical IκB-related kinase, IKBKE, is a critical oncogenic effector during KRAS-induced pancreatic transformation. Loss of IKBKE inhibits the initiation and progression of pancreatic tumors in mice carrying pancreatic-specific KRAS activation. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that this protumoral effect of IKBKE involves the activation of GLI1 and AKT signaling and is independent of the levels of activity of the NF-κB pathway. Further analysis reveals that IKBKE regulates GLI1 nuclear translocation and promotes the reactivation of AKT post-inhibition of mTOR in PDAC cells. Interestingly, combined inhibition of IKBKE and mTOR synergistically blocks pancreatic tumor growth. Together, our findings highlight the functional importance of IKBKE in pancreatic cancer, support the evaluation of IKBKE as a therapeutic target in PDAC, and suggest IKBKE inhibition as a strategy to improve efficacy of mTOR inhibitors in the clinic. Cancer Res; 77(2); 320-9. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihir Rajurkar
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Kyvan Dang
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | | | - Xiangfan Liu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | | | - Brian C Lewis
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Junhao Mao
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.
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The protein kinase IKKepsilon contributes to tumour growth and tumour pain in a melanoma model. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 103:64-73. [PMID: 26793999 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitor-kappaB kinase epsilon (IKKε) constitutes a non-canonical I-κB kinase, which amongst others modulates NF-κB activity. IKKε and NF-κB have both been described for their role in cell proliferation and their dysregulation has been associated with tumourigenesis and metastasis in multiple cancer types. Accordingly, overexpression and constitutive activation of NF-κB have also been shown in melanoma, however, the role of IKKε in this cancer type has not been investigated so far. Thus, we determined IKKε expression in malignant melanoma cells and we were able to show a significant overexpression of IKKε in tumour cells in comparison to melanocytes. Inhibition of IKKε either by shRNA or the pharmacological inhibitor amlexanox resulted in reduced cell proliferation associated with a cell cycle block in the G1-phase. Functional analysis indicated that NF-κB, Akt1 and MAPK pathways might be involved in the IKKε-mediated effects. In vivo, we applied a mouse melanoma skin cancer model to assess tumour growth and melanoma-associated pain in IKKε knockout mice as well as C57BL/6 mice after inoculation with IKKε-negative cells. In IKKε knockout mice, tumour growth was not altered as compared to IKKε wild type mice. However, melanoma associated pain was strongly suppressed accompanied by a reduced mRNA expression of a number of pain-relevant genes. In contrast, after inoculation of IKKε-depleted tumour cells, the development of melanoma was almost completely prevented. In conclusion, our data suggest that IKKε in the tumour plays an essential role in tumour initiation and progression while IKKε expression in tumour surrounding tissues contributes to melanoma-associated pain.
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Li W, Chen Y, Zhang J, Hong L, Yuan N, Wang X, Lv H. IKBKE Upregulation is Positively Associated with Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung In Vivo and Malignant Transformation of Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells In Vitro. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:1577-86. [PMID: 26025939 PMCID: PMC4461048 DOI: 10.12659/msm.893815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The IκB kinase inhibitor of κB kinase epsilon (IKBKE) is overexpressed in several human cancers. Although IKBKE plays an important role in smoking-induced non-small cell lung cancer carcinogenesis, its role in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung (SCCL) remains unclear. Material/Methods IKBKE protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 288 paraffinized SCCL specimens (with adjacent squamous dysplastic and normal tissue). IKBKE mRNA expression was assessed by reverse transcription PCR in 66 fresh SCCL specimens (with adjacent squamous dysplastic and normal tissue). Separately, immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells were cultured in 7 groups: untreated control, ethanol-treated, and cigarette smoke condensate (CSC)-exposed for 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 generations (P10, P20, P30, P40, and P50, respectively). Malignant transformation was assessed by serum resistance and colony formation assays. IKBKE protein and mRNA expression were detected by Western blotting and reverse transcription PCR, respectively. Results IKBKE protein expression showed a significant upward trend from normal bronchial epithelium to squamous cell dysplasia to SCCL. IKBKE protein expression in SCCL was significantly associated with smoking status, smoking index, degree of differentiation, and clinical stage. Current and former smokers displayed significantly higher IKBKE protein and mRNA expression than non-smokers. IKBKE protein and mRNA expression displayed a significant upward trend with the smoking index. P30, P40, and P50 CSC-exposed cells displayed malignant transformation with increasing IKBKE mRNA and protein expression from P20 through P50. Conclusions IKBKE upregulation is positively associated with SCCL and smoking indices as well as CSC-induced malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yuqing Chen
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Jiaxiu Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Lei Hong
- Department of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Nana Yuan
- Department of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Hezuo Lv
- Department of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China (mainland)
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Traks T, Koido K, Balõtšev R, Eller T, Kõks S, Maron E, Tõru I, Shlik J, Vasar E, Vasar V. Polymorphisms of IKBKE gene are associated with major depressive disorder and panic disorder. Brain Behav 2015; 5:e00314. [PMID: 25798331 PMCID: PMC4356867 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immune system has been increasingly implicated in the development of mood and anxiety disorders. Inhibitor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells, kinase epsilon (IKBKE) gene encodes IKKε protein that is involved in innate immunity, predominantly antiviral response generation. It also bears pro-inflammatory properties that could affect psychiatric outcomes. In order to investigate the possible role of IKBKE gene in major depressive disorder (MDD) and panic disorder (PD), we conducted a case-control genetic association study concerning these disorders. METHODS In all, 14 SNPs of IKBKE gene were genotyped in groups of 391 patients with MDD and 190 patients with PD together with respective 389 and 371 healthy control individuals. The given groups were further divided by gender for additional analyses. RESULTS Substantial genetic associations were revealed between IKBKE SNPs and MDD (multiple testing adjusted P < 0.05) and suggestive associations in case of PD (P(adj) > 0.05). In addition, two SNPs that were only associated with PD among males, also displayed significantly different allele frequencies compared to PD females. This may indicate a specific role of these SNPs in male PD, but caution should be applied here due to the small size of the studied PD males group. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study confirm our initial findings and indicate a possible role of IKBKE gene in mood and anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanel Traks
- Department of Physiology, University of Tartu Tartu, Estonia ; Centre of Excellence for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu Tartu, Estonia ; Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University of Tartu Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kati Koido
- Department of Physiology, University of Tartu Tartu, Estonia ; Centre of Excellence for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu Tartu, Estonia
| | - Roman Balõtšev
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Tartu Tartu, Estonia
| | - Triin Eller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Tartu Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sulev Kõks
- Centre of Excellence for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu Tartu, Estonia ; Department of Pathophysiology, University of Tartu Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eduard Maron
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Tartu Tartu, Estonia ; Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Molecular Imaging, Imperial College London London, U.K
| | - Innar Tõru
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Tartu Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jakov Shlik
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eero Vasar
- Department of Physiology, University of Tartu Tartu, Estonia ; Centre of Excellence for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu Tartu, Estonia
| | - Veiko Vasar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Tartu Tartu, Estonia
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Abstract
Cancers arise through the progression of multiple genetic and epigenetic defects that lead to deregulation of numerous signalling networks. However, the last decade has seen the development of the concept of 'oncogene addiction', where tumours appear to depend on a single oncogene for survival. RNAi has provided an invaluable tool in the identification of these oncogenes and oncogene-dependent cancers, and also presents great potential as a novel therapeutic strategy against them. Although RNAi therapeutics have demonstrated effective killing of oncogene-dependent cancers in vitro, their efficacy in vivo is severely limited by effective delivery systems. Several virus-based RNAi delivery strategies have been explored, but problems arose associated with high immunogenicity, random genome integration and non-specific targeting. This has directed efforts towards non-viral formulations, including delivery systems based on virus-like particles, liposomes and cationic polymers, which can circumvent some of these problems by immunomasking and the use of specific tumour-targeting ligands. This review outlines the prevalence of oncogene-dependent cancers, evaluates the potential of RNAi-based therapeutics and assesses the relative strengths and weaknesses of different approaches to targeted RNAi delivery.
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45
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Oncogenes associated with drug resistance in ovarian cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2014; 141:381-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-014-1765-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Liu X, Gao Y, Lu Y, Zhang J, Li L, Yin F. Downregulation of NEK11 is associated with drug resistance in ovarian cancer. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:1266-74. [PMID: 24969318 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
NEKs [NIMA (never in mitosis gene A)-related expressed kinase] are involved in ovarian cancer development and progression, while their association with drug resistance is limited, especially NEK11, and its relationship with drug resistance has never been reported. In this study, on the basis of comprehensive bioinformatic analyses, including mRNA expression according to microarray data, protein/gene interaction, protein-small molecule interaction, annotation of biological process and microRNA-mRNA interaction analysis, we revealed that the NEK11 mRNA was significantly downregulated in 586 cases of ovarian serous cystadenocarcinomas and cisplatin-resistant A2780 ovarian cancer cells, and interacted with 22 proteins and 4 small molecules which all were contributed to drug resistance in ovarian cancer. Furthermore, seven cell cycle-related biological processes were annotated with NEK11, drug resistance and ovarian cancer, suggesting that NEK11 potentially was involved in the drug resistance in ovarian cancer via its regulatory roles in the cell cycle. In addition, among the eight microRNAs predicted to be most strongly targeting NEK11, the majority were involved in drug resistance in ovarian and other cancers. All those results provide a very strong possibility that the notable downregulation of NEK11 in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells was involved in drug resistance, via its interactions with drug resistance-related genes, proteins, small molecules, microRNAs and biological processes, particularly the cell cycle-related processes. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the association of NEK11 with drug resistance in cancer, and it would pave the way for further investigation of the drug resistance-related functions of this gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Liu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yutao Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Chaoyang, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Yi Lu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- Medical Scientific Research Centre, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Fuqiang Yin
- Medical Scientific Research Centre, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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Stellzig J, Chariot A, Shostak K, Ismail Göktuna S, Renner F, Acker T, Pagenstecher A, Schmitz ML. Deregulated expression of TANK in glioblastomas triggers pro-tumorigenic ERK1/2 and AKT signaling pathways. Oncogenesis 2013; 2:e79. [PMID: 24217713 PMCID: PMC3849693 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2013.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transmission by the noncanonical IkappaB kinases (IKKs), TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and IKKɛ, requires interaction with adapter proteins such as TRAF associated NF-κB activator (TANK). Although increased expression or dysregulation of both kinases has been described for a variety of human cancers, this study shows that deregulated expression of the TANK protein is frequently occurring in glioblastomas (GBMs). The functional relevance of TANK was analyzed in a panel of GBM-derived cell lines and revealed that knockdown of TANK arrests cells in the S-phase and prohibits tumor cell migration. Deregulated TANK expression affects several signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation and the inflammatory response. Interference with stoichiometrically assembled signaling complexes by overexpression or silencing of TANK prevented constitutive interferon-regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) phosphorylation. Knockdown of TANK frequently prevents constitutive activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2). TANK-mediated ERK1/2 activation is independent from the canonical MAP kinase or ERK kinase (MEK) 1/2-mediated pathway and utilizes an alternative pathway that uses a TBK1/IKKɛ/Akt signaling axis, thus identifying a novel pathway suitable to block constitutive ERK1/2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Stellzig
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Medical Faculty, Friedrichstraße 24, Gießen, Germany
| | - A Chariot
- Laboratory of Medical Chemistry, GIGA-Signal Transduction, University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
- WELBIO, University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - K Shostak
- Laboratory of Medical Chemistry, GIGA-Signal Transduction, University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - S Ismail Göktuna
- Laboratory of Medical Chemistry, GIGA-Signal Transduction, University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - F Renner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Medical Faculty, Friedrichstraße 24, Gießen, Germany
| | - T Acker
- Institute of Neuropathology, Justus-Liebig-University, Aulweg 123, Gießen, Germany
| | - A Pagenstecher
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Marburg, Baldingerstraße, Marburg, Germany
| | - M L Schmitz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Medical Faculty, Friedrichstraße 24, Gießen, Germany
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48
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Abstract
TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) has emerged as a novel therapeutic target for unspecified subset of lung cancers. TBK1 reportedly mediates prosurvival signaling by activating NF-κB and AKT. However, we observed that TBK1 knockdown also decreased viability of cells expressing constitutively active NF-κB and interferon regulatory factor 3. Basal phospho-AKT level was not reduced after TBK1 knockdown in TBK1-sensitive lung cancer cells, implicating that TBK1 mediates unknown survival mechanisms. To gain better insight into TBK1 survival signaling, we searched for altered phosphoproteins using mass spectrometry following RNAi-mediated TBK1 knockdown. In total, we identified 2,080 phosphoproteins (4,621 peptides), of which 385 proteins (477 peptides) were affected after TBK1 knockdown. A view of the altered network identified a central role of Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) and known PLK1 targets. We found that TBK1 directly phosphorylated PLK1 in vitro. TBK1 phosphorylation was induced at mitosis, and loss of TBK1 impaired mitotic phosphorylation of PLK1 in TBK1-sensitive lung cancer cells. Furthermore, lung cancer cell sensitivity to TBK1 was highly correlated with sensitivity to pharmacological PLK inhibition. We additionally found that TBK1 knockdown decreased metadherin phosphorylation at Ser-568. Metadherin was associated with poor outcome in lung cancer, and loss of metadherin caused growth inhibition and apoptosis in TBK1-sensitive lung cancer cells. These results collectively revealed TBK1 as a mitosis regulator through activation of PLK1 and also suggested metadherin as a putative TBK1 downstream effector involved in lung cancer cell survival.
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Verhelst K, Verstrepen L, Carpentier I, Beyaert R. IκB kinase ε (IKKε): a therapeutic target in inflammation and cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 85:873-80. [PMID: 23333767 PMCID: PMC7111187 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The innate immune system forms our first line of defense against invading pathogens and relies for a major part on the activation of two transcription factors, NF-κB and IRF3. Signaling pathways that activate these transcription factors are intertwined at the level of the canonical IκB kinases (IKKα, IKKβ) and non-canonical IKK-related kinases (IKKε, TBK1). Recently, significant progress has been made in understanding the function and mechanism of action of IKKε in immune signaling. In addition, IKKε impacts on cell proliferation and transformation, and is thereby also classified as an oncogene. Studies with IKKε knockout mice have illustrated a key role for IKKε in inflammatory and metabolic diseases. In this review we will highlight the mechanisms by which IKKε impacts on signaling pathways involved in disease development and discuss its potential as a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Verhelst
- Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB, Zwijnaarde (Ghent), Belgium
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Krishnamurthy S, Basu A. Regulation of IKKε Expression by Akt2 Isoform. Genes Cancer 2012; 2:1044-50. [PMID: 22737270 DOI: 10.1177/1947601912444604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The inhibitor of κ B kinase-ε (IKKε), a breast cancer oncogene, functions as a transforming kinase by activating NF-κB. IKKε is often elevated in breast cancers in the absence of any gene amplification. Because Akt-mediated transformation was shown to require IKKε, we examined if Akt regulates IKKε level in breast cancer cells. Knockdown of Akt2, but not other Akt isoforms, decreased the basal and TNF-induced IKKε protein and mRNA level, and overexpression of Akt2 in MDA-MB-231 cells increased IKKε level. The decrease in IKKε level by Akt2 knockdown was not only restricted to MDA-MB-231 cells but was also observed in several other breast cancer cells, including HCC1937 and MCF-10CA1a cells. Knockdown of p65/RelA subunit of NF-κB decreased IKKε level and attenuated the increase in IKKε caused by Akt2 overexpression, suggesting that Akt2-mediated induction of IKKε involves NF-κB activation. Silencing of IKKε also decreased long-term clonogenic survival of Akt2-overexpressing MDA-MB-231 cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate for the first time that IKKε functions downstream of Akt2 to promote breast cancer cell survival.
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