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Zhang X, Li X, Xiong X. Applying proteomics in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: From mechanism to biomarkers. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2023; 47:102230. [PMID: 37931846 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2023.102230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), which represents the most common cause of liver disease, is emerging as a major health problem around the world. However, the molecular events that underline the pathogenesis and the progression of MASLD remain to be fully elucidated. Advanced stages of MASLD is strongly associated with liver-related outcomes and overall mortality. Despite this, highly accurate, sensitive, and non-invasive diagnostic tools are currently not aviailable, yet no FDA approved drugs for MASLD. The advance of proteomics has enable the study of protein expression, post-translational modifications (PTMs), subcellular distribution, and interactions. In this review, we discuss insights gained from the recent proteomics studies that shed new light on the pathogenesis, diagnosis and potential theraputic targets of MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenlin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenlin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xuelian Xiong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenlin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Zhang L, Wang E, Peng G, Wang Y, Huang F. Comprehensive Proteome and Acetyl-Proteome Atlas Reveals Hepatic Lipid Metabolism in Layer Hens with Fatty Liver Hemorrhagic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108491. [PMID: 37239836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The feeding of high-energy and low-protein diets often induces fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) in laying hens. However, the mechanism of hepatic fat accumulation in hens with FLHS remains uncertain. In this research, a comprehensive hepatic proteome and acetyl-proteome analysis was performed in both normal and FLHS-affected hens. The results indicated that the upregulated proteins were primarily associated with fat digestion and absorption, the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, and glycerophospholipid metabolism, while the downregulated proteins were mainly related to bile secretion and amino acid metabolism. Furthermore, the significant acetylated proteins were largely involved in ribosome and fatty acid degradation, and the PPAR signaling pathway, while the significant deacetylated proteins were related to valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation in laying hens with FLHS. Overall, these results demonstrate that acetylation inhibits hepatic fatty acid oxidation and transport in hens with FLHS, and mainly exerts its effects by affecting protein activity rather than expression. This study provides new nutritional regulation options to alleviate FLHS in laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Enling Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Gang Peng
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Feiruo Huang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Functional Complementation of Anti-Adipogenic Phytonutrients for Obesity Prevention and Management. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204325. [PMID: 36297009 PMCID: PMC9609749 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an established risk factor for metabolic disease. This study explores the functional complementation of anti-adipogenic phytonutrients for obesity prevention and management. Nine phytonutrients were selected based on their ability to affect the expression of one or more selected adipogenic biomarker proteins. The phytonutrients include berberine, luteolin, resveratrol, fisetin, quercetin, fucoidan, epigallocatechin gallate, hesperidin, and curcumin. The selected adipogenic biomarker proteins include PPARɣ, SREBP1c, FASN, PLIN1, FABP4, and β-catenin. Individually, phytonutrients had variable effects on the expression level of selected adipogenic biomarker proteins. Collectively, the functional complementation of nine phytonutrients suppressed de novo fatty acid biosynthesis via the negative regulation of PPARɣ, FASN, PLIN1, and FABP4 expression; activated glycolysis via the positive regulation of SREBP1c expression; and preserved cell–cell adhesion via the inhibition of β-catenin degradation. In primary human subcutaneous preadipocytes, the composition of nine phytonutrients had more potent and longer lasting anti-adipogenic effects compared to individual phytonutrients. In a diet-induced obesity murine model, the composition of nine phytonutrients improved glucose tolerance and reduced weight gain, liver steatosis, visceral adiposity, circulating triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The functional complementation of anti-adipogenic phytonutrients provides an effective approach toward engineering novel therapeutics for the prevention and management of obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Urasaki Y, Le TT. A Composition of Phytonutrients for Glycemic and Weight Management. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183784. [PMID: 36145160 PMCID: PMC9501537 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintaining healthy body weight is an important component of any effective diabetes management plan. However, glycemic management using insulin generally leads to weight gain. In addition, weight loss medications prescribed for diabetes management are often associated with adverse side effects, which limit their long-term usage. Alternatively, nutrition intervention provides a safe, readily accessible, and inexpensive option for diabetes management. This study describes a composition of phytonutrients comprising berberine, cinnamaldehyde, and curcumin for glycemic and weight management. Functional complementarity between berberine, cinnamaldehyde, and curcumin provides an effective means to improve insulin sensitivity without increasing adiposity. In primary human omental preadipocytes, cinnamaldehyde and curcumin additively enhance insulin-stimulated activation of Akt2 and glucose uptake, whereas berberine inhibits de novo fatty acid biosynthesis and fat cell differentiation. In a diet-induced obesity murine model, a dietary supplement with berberine, cinnamaldehyde, and curcumin prevents weight gain, improves glucose tolerance, and reduces HbA1c, blood lipids, visceral adiposity, and liver steatosis. Collectively, the composition of phytonutrients comprising berberine, cinnamaldehyde, and curcumin protects against obesity and pre-diabetic conditions in a diet-induced obesity murine model. Safety and efficacy assessment of nutrition intervention using combined berberine, cinnamaldehyde, and curcumin for glycemic and weight management in future clinical trials are warranted.
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Urasaki Y, Le TT. Cinnamaldehyde and Curcumin Prime Akt2 for Insulin-Stimulated Activation. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163301. [PMID: 36014807 PMCID: PMC9416494 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effects of cinnamaldehyde and curcumin on Akt2, a serine/threonine protein kinase central to the insulin signaling pathway, were examined in preadipocytes. Cinnamaldehyde or curcumin treatment increased Akt2 phosphorylation at multiple sites including T450 and Y475, but had no effect on Akt2 phosphorylation at S474, which is critical for Akt2 activation. Surprisingly, insulin treatment with cinnamaldehyde or curcumin increased p-Akt2 (S474) by 3.5-fold versus insulin treatment alone. Furthermore, combined cinnamaldehyde, curcumin, and insulin treatment increased p-Akt2 (S474) by 7-fold versus insulin treatment alone. Interestingly, cinnamaldehyde and curcumin inhibited both serine/threonine phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B). Akt2 activation is a multistep process that requires phosphorylation at T450 for proper folding and maturation, and phosphorylation of both Y475 and S474 for stabilization of the catalytic domain. It is plausible that by inhibiting PP2A and PTP1B, cinnamaldehyde and curcumin increase phosphorylation at T450 and Y475, and prime Akt2 for insulin-stimulated phosphorylation at S474. Notably, the combination of a PP2A inhibitor, okadaic acid, and a PTP1B inhibitor increased p-Akt2 (S474), even in the absence of insulin. Future combinations of PP2A and PTP1B inhibitors provide a rational platform to engineer new therapeutics for insulin resistance syndrome.
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Serrano-Maciá M, Simón J, González-Rellan MJ, Azkargorta M, Goikoetxea-Usandizaga N, Lopitz-Otsoa F, De Urturi DS, Rodríguez-Agudo R, Lachiondo-Ortega S, Mercado-Gomez M, Gutiérrez de Juan V, Bizkarguenaga M, Fernández-Ramos D, Buque X, Baselli GA, Valenti LVC, Iruzubieta P, Crespo J, Villa E, Banales JM, Avila MA, Marin JJG, Aspichueta P, Sutherland J, Barrio R, Mayor U, Elortza F, Xirodimas DP, Nogueiras R, Delgado TC, Martínez-Chantar ML. Neddylation inhibition ameliorates steatosis in NAFLD by boosting hepatic fatty acid oxidation via the DEPTOR-mTOR axis. Mol Metab 2021; 53:101275. [PMID: 34153521 PMCID: PMC8280515 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neddylation is a druggable and reversible ubiquitin-like post-translational modification upregulated in many diseases, including liver fibrosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and more recently, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Herein, we propose to address the effects of neddylation inhibition and the underlying mechanisms in pre-clinical models of NAFLD. METHODS Hepatic neddylation measured by immunohistochemical analysis and NEDD8 serum levels measured by ELISA assay were evaluated in NAFLD clinical and pre-clinical samples. The effects of neddylation inhibition by using a pharmacological small inhibitor, MLN4924, or molecular approaches were assessed in isolated mouse hepatocytes and pre-clinical mouse models of diet-induced NAFLD, male adult C57BL/6 mice, and the AlfpCre transgenic mice infected with AAV-DIO-shNedd8. RESULTS Neddylation inhibition reduced lipid accumulation in oleic acid-stimulated mouse primary hepatocytes and ameliorated liver steatosis, preventing lipid peroxidation and inflammation in the mouse models of diet-induced NAFLD. Under these conditions, increased Deptor levels and the concomitant repression of mTOR signaling were associated with augmented fatty acid oxidation and reduced lipid content. Moreover, Deptor silencing in isolated mouse hepatocytes abolished the anti-steatotic effects mediated by neddylation inhibition. Finally, serum NEDD8 levels correlated with hepatic neddylation during the disease progression in the clinical and pre-clinical models CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the upregulation of Deptor, driven by neddylation inhibition, is proposed as a novel effective target and therapeutic approach to tackle NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Serrano-Maciá
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Jorge Simón
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria J González-Rellan
- Department of Physiology, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Galician Agency of Innovation (GAIN), Xunta de Galicia, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mikel Azkargorta
- Proteomics Platform, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Carlos III Networked Proteomics Platform (ProteoRed-ISCIII), 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Naroa Goikoetxea-Usandizaga
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Fernando Lopitz-Otsoa
- Precision Medicine and Metabolism Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Diego Saenz De Urturi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Rubén Rodríguez-Agudo
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Sofia Lachiondo-Ortega
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Maria Mercado-Gomez
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Virginia Gutiérrez de Juan
- Precision Medicine and Metabolism Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Maider Bizkarguenaga
- Precision Medicine and Metabolism Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - David Fernández-Ramos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Precision Medicine and Metabolism Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Xabier Buque
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Guido A Baselli
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122, Milan, Italy; Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology - Translational Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca V C Valenti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122, Milan, Italy; Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology - Translational Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Paula Iruzubieta
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, 39008, Santander, Spain; Clinical and Translational Digestive Research Group, Research Institute Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Javier Crespo
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, 39008, Santander, Spain; Clinical and Translational Digestive Research Group, Research Institute Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Erica Villa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria & University of Modena and Reggion Emilia, 41121, Modena, Italy
| | - Jesus M Banales
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Ikerbasque, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Matias A Avila
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; Hepatology Programme, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), IDISNA, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jose J G Marin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), IBSAL, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Patricia Aspichueta
- Precision Medicine and Metabolism Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - James Sutherland
- Ubiquitin-likes And Development Lab, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Rosa Barrio
- Ubiquitin-likes And Development Lab, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ugo Mayor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Spain; Ikerbasque - Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Félix Elortza
- Proteomics Platform, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Carlos III Networked Proteomics Platform (ProteoRed-ISCIII), 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Dimitris P Xirodimas
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM-CNRS), Univ. Montpellier, UMR5237, Montpellier 34090, Cedex 5, France
| | - Rubén Nogueiras
- Department of Physiology, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Galician Agency of Innovation (GAIN), Xunta de Galicia, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa C Delgado
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - María Luz Martínez-Chantar
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.
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Urasaki Y, Beaumont C, Talbot JN, Hill DK, Le TT. Akt3 Regulates the Tissue-Specific Response to Copaiba Essential Oil. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082851. [PMID: 32325885 PMCID: PMC7216139 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports a relationship between Akt3 expression and tissue-specific regulation of the pI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway by copaiba essential oil. Akt3, a protein kinase B isoform important for the regulation of neuronal development, exhibited differential expression levels in cells of various origins. In neuronal and microglial cells, where Akt3 is present, copaiba essential oil positively regulated the pI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. In contrast, in liver cells and T lymphocytes, where Akt3 is absent, copaiba essential oil negatively regulated the pI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. The expression of Akt3 via plasmid DNA in liver cells led to positive regulatory effects by copaiba essential oil on the pI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. In contrast, inhibition of Akt3 expression in neuronal cells via small interfering RNA molecules targeting Akt3 transcripts abrogated the regulatory effects of copaiba essential oil on the pI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Interestingly, Akt3 expression did not impact the regulatory effects of copaiba essential oil on other signaling pathways. For example, copaiba essential oil consistently upregulated the MAPK and JAK/STAT signaling pathways in all evaluated cell types, independent of the Akt3 expression level. Collectively, the data indicated that Akt3 expression was required for the positive regulatory effects of copaiba essential oil, specifically on the pI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyo Urasaki
- College of Pharmacy, Roseman University of Health Sciences, 10530 Discovery Drive, Las Vegas, NV 89135, USA; (Y.U.); (J.N.T.)
| | - Cody Beaumont
- dōTERRA International, LLC, 389 South 1300 West, Pleasant Grove, UT 84062, USA; (C.B.); (D.K.H.)
| | - Jeffery N. Talbot
- College of Pharmacy, Roseman University of Health Sciences, 10530 Discovery Drive, Las Vegas, NV 89135, USA; (Y.U.); (J.N.T.)
| | - David K. Hill
- dōTERRA International, LLC, 389 South 1300 West, Pleasant Grove, UT 84062, USA; (C.B.); (D.K.H.)
| | - Thuc T. Le
- College of Pharmacy, Roseman University of Health Sciences, 10530 Discovery Drive, Las Vegas, NV 89135, USA; (Y.U.); (J.N.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-702-802-2820
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Urasaki Y, Beaumont C, Workman M, Talbot JN, Hill DK, Le TT. Fast-Acting and Receptor-Mediated Regulation of Neuronal Signaling Pathways by Copaiba Essential Oil. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072259. [PMID: 32218156 PMCID: PMC7177672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the biological activities of copaiba essential oil via measurement of its effects on signaling pathways in the SH-SY5Y neuronal cell line. Nanofluidic proteomic technologies were deployed to measure the phosphorylation of biomarker proteins within the signaling cascades. Interestingly, copaiba essential oil upregulated the pI3K/Akt/mTOR, MAPK, and JAK/STAT signaling pathways in neuronal cells. The effects of copaiba essential oil peaked at 30 min post-treatment, with a half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) of approximately 80 ng/mL. Treatment with cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) agonist AM1241 or the inverse agonist BML190 abrogated the regulatory effects of copaiba essential oil on the pI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Surprisingly, copaiba essential oil also activated the apoptosis signaling pathway and reduced the viability of SH-SY5Y cells with an EC50 of approximately 400 ng/mL. Furthermore, β-caryophyllene, a principal constituent of copaiba essential oil, downregulated the pI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Taken together, the findings indicated that copaiba essential oil upregulated signaling pathways associated with cell metabolism, growth, immunity, and apoptosis. The biological activities of copaiba essential oil were determined to be fast acting, CB2 mediated, and dependent on multiple chemical constituents of the oil. Nanofluidic proteomics provided a powerful means to assess the biological activities of copaiba essential oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyo Urasaki
- College of Pharmacy, Roseman University of Health Sciences, 10530 Discovery Drive, Las Vegas, NV 89135, USA; (Y.U.); (J.N.T.)
| | - Cody Beaumont
- dōTERRA International, LLC, 389 South 1300 West, Pleasant Grove, UT 84062, USA; (C.B.); (M.W.); (D.K.H.)
| | - Michelle Workman
- dōTERRA International, LLC, 389 South 1300 West, Pleasant Grove, UT 84062, USA; (C.B.); (M.W.); (D.K.H.)
| | - Jeffery N. Talbot
- College of Pharmacy, Roseman University of Health Sciences, 10530 Discovery Drive, Las Vegas, NV 89135, USA; (Y.U.); (J.N.T.)
| | - David K. Hill
- dōTERRA International, LLC, 389 South 1300 West, Pleasant Grove, UT 84062, USA; (C.B.); (M.W.); (D.K.H.)
| | - Thuc T. Le
- College of Pharmacy, Roseman University of Health Sciences, 10530 Discovery Drive, Las Vegas, NV 89135, USA; (Y.U.); (J.N.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-702-802-2820
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Urasaki Y, Beaumont C, Workman M, Talbot JN, Hill DK, Le TT. Potency Assessment of CBD Oils by Their Effects on Cell Signaling Pathways. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020357. [PMID: 32019055 PMCID: PMC7071207 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study used nanofluidic protein posttranslational modification (PTM) profiling to measure the effects of six cannabidiol (CBD) oils and isolated CBD on the signaling pathways of a cultured SH-SY5Y neuronal cell line. Chemical composition analysis revealed that all CBD oils met the label claims and legal regulatory limit regarding the CBD and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) contents, respectively. Isolated CBD was cytotoxic, with an effective concentration (EC50) of 40 µM. In contrast, the CBD oils had no effect on cell viability at CBD concentrations exceeding 1.2 mM. Interestingly, only an unadulterated CBD oil had strong and statistically significant suppressive effects on the pI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway with an EC50 value of 143 µM and a slow-acting timescale requiring hours. Systematic profiling of twenty-six proteins, which served as biomarkers for nine signaling pathways, revealed that the unadulterated CBD oil downregulated seven signaling pathways but had no measurable effect on the other two signaling pathways. The remaining CBD oils, which were adulterated, and isolated CBD had weak, variable, or undetectable effects on neuronal signaling pathways. Our data clearly showed that adulteration diminished the biological activities of CBD oils. In addition, nanofluidic protein PTM profiling provided a robust means for potency assessment of CBD oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyo Urasaki
- College of Pharmacy, Roseman University of Health Sciences, 10530 Discovery Drive, Las Vegas, NV 89135, USA; (Y.U.); (J.N.T.)
| | - Cody Beaumont
- dōTERRA International, LLC, 389 South 1300 West, Pleasant Grove, UT 84062, USA; (C.B.); (M.W.); (D.K.H.)
| | - Michelle Workman
- dōTERRA International, LLC, 389 South 1300 West, Pleasant Grove, UT 84062, USA; (C.B.); (M.W.); (D.K.H.)
| | - Jeffery N. Talbot
- College of Pharmacy, Roseman University of Health Sciences, 10530 Discovery Drive, Las Vegas, NV 89135, USA; (Y.U.); (J.N.T.)
| | - David K. Hill
- dōTERRA International, LLC, 389 South 1300 West, Pleasant Grove, UT 84062, USA; (C.B.); (M.W.); (D.K.H.)
| | - Thuc T. Le
- College of Pharmacy, Roseman University of Health Sciences, 10530 Discovery Drive, Las Vegas, NV 89135, USA; (Y.U.); (J.N.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-702-802-2820
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Differentiation of Essential Oils Using Nanofluidic Protein Post-Translational Modification Profiling. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24132383. [PMID: 31252611 PMCID: PMC6651569 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Current methods for the authentication of essential oils focus on analyzing their chemical composition. This study describes the use of nanofluidic protein post-translational modification (PTM) profiling to differentiate essential oils by analyzing their biochemical effects. Protein PTM profiling was used to measure the effects of four essential oils, copaiba, mandarin, Melissa, and turmeric, on the phosphorylation of MEK1, MEK2, and ERK1/2 in the MAPK signaling pathway; Akt and 4EBP1 in the pI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway; and STAT3 in the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in cultured HepG2 cells. The gain or loss of the phosphorylation of these proteins served as direct read-outs for the positive or negative regulatory effects of essential oils on their respective signaling pathways. Furthermore, protein PTM profiling and GC-MS were employed side-by-side to assess the quality of the essential oils. In general, protein PTM profiling data concurred with GC-MS data on the identification of adulterated mandarin, Melissa, and turmeric essential oils. Most interestingly, protein PTM profiling data identified the differences in biochemical effects between copaiba essential oils, which were indistinguishable with GC-MS data on their chemical composition. Taken together, nanofluidic protein PTM profiling represents a robust method for the assessment of the quality and therapeutic potential of essential oils.
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Urasaki Y, Fiscus RR, Le TT. Detection of the Cell Cycle-Regulated Negative Feedback Phosphorylation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases in Breast Carcinoma using Nanofluidic Proteomics. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9991. [PMID: 29968772 PMCID: PMC6030070 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28335-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) play an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation, oncogenic transformation, and drug resistance. This study examined the capability of nanofluidic proteomics to identify aberrations in the MAPK signaling cascade, monitor its drug response, and guide the rational design of intervention strategies. Specifically, the protein post-translational modification (PTM) profiles of MEK1, MEK2, and ERK1/2 were measured in breast carcinoma and breast cancer cell lines. Nanofluidic proteomics revealed hyper-phosphorylation of MAPKs in breast carcinoma and breast cancer cells treated with kinase inhibitors that interfere with cell cycle regulation, such as dinaciclib, an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases, and rigosertib, an inhibitor of polo-like kinase 1. A pMEK1 (Thr286) phosphor-isoform, which serves as a biomarker of cell cycle-regulated negative feedback phosphorylation in breast cancer cells, was detected in breast carcinoma. Inhibition of the MAPK pathway with dabrafenib, a B-Raf inhibitor, or trametinib, a MEK1/2 inhibitor, suppressed both the positively regulated phosphorylation of MAPKs and the negatively regulated phosphorylation of MEK1. Interestingly, the combinations of dabrafenib and rigosertib or trametinib and rigosertib permitted the suppression of positively regulated MAPK phosphorylation together with the promotion of negatively regulated MEK1 phosphorylation. The effectiveness of protein PTM-guided drug combinations for inhibition of the MAPK pathway remains to be experimentally tested. Via protein PTM profiling, nanofluidic proteomics provides a robust means to detect anomalies in the MAPK signaling cascade, monitor its drug response, and guide the possible design of drug combinations for MAPK pathway-focused targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyo Urasaki
- College of Pharmacy, Roseman University of Health Sciences, 10530 Discovery Drive, Las Vegas, NV, 89135, USA
| | - Ronald R Fiscus
- College of Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, 10530 Discovery Drive, Las Vegas, NV, 89135, USA
| | - Thuc T Le
- College of Pharmacy, Roseman University of Health Sciences, 10530 Discovery Drive, Las Vegas, NV, 89135, USA.
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12
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Urasaki Y, Zhang C, Cheng JX, Le TT. Quantitative Assessment of Liver Steatosis and Affected Pathways with Molecular Imaging and Proteomic Profiling. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3606. [PMID: 29483581 PMCID: PMC5826939 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22082-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Current assessment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with histology is time-consuming, insensitive to early-stage detection, qualitative, and lacks information on etiology. This study explored alternative methods for fast and quantitative assessment of NAFLD with hyperspectral stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy and nanofluidic proteomics. Hyperspectral SRS microscopy quantitatively measured liver composition of protein, DNA, and lipid without labeling and sensitively detected early-stage steatosis in a few minutes. On the other hand, nanofluidic proteomics quantitatively measured perturbations to the post-translational modification (PTM) profiles of selective liver proteins to identify affected cellular signaling and metabolic pathways in a few hours. Perturbations to the PTM profiles of Akt, 4EBP1, BID, HMGCS2, FABP1, and FABP5 indicated abnormalities in multiple cellular processes including cell cycle regulation, PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling cascade, autophagy, ketogenesis, and fatty acid transport. The integrative deployment of hyperspectral SRS microscopy and nanofluidic proteomics provided fast, sensitive, and quantitative assessment of liver steatosis and affected pathways that overcame the limitations of histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyo Urasaki
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, 10530 Discovery Drive, Las Vegas, NV, 89135, USA
| | - Chi Zhang
- Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering & Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Boston University, 8 St. Mary's St, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering & Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Boston University, 8 St. Mary's St, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Thuc T Le
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, 10530 Discovery Drive, Las Vegas, NV, 89135, USA.
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Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide and is present in a third of the general population and the majority of individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Importantly, NAFLD can progress to severe nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), associated with liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma. Recent research efforts have extensively focused on identifying factors contributing to the additional "hit" required to promote NALFD disease progression. The maternal diet, and in particular a high-fat diet (HFD), may be one such hit "priming" the development of severe fatty liver disease, a notion supported by the increasing incidence of NAFLD among children and adolescents in Westernized countries. In recent years, a plethora of key studies have used murine models of maternal obesity to identify fundamental mechanisms such as lipogenesis, mitochondrial function, inflammation, and fibrosis that may underlie the developmental priming of NAFLD. In this chapter, we will address key considerations for constructing experimental models and both conventional and advanced methods of quantifying NAFLD disease status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley D Bruce
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Karen R Jonscher
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Wong JC, Vo V, Gorjala P, Fiscus RR. Pancreatic-β-cell survival and proliferation are promoted by protein kinase G type Iα and downstream regulation of AKT/FOXO1. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2017. [PMID: 28631500 DOI: 10.1177/1479164117713947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Early studies showed nitric oxide as a pro-inflammatory-cytokine-induced toxin involved in pancreatic β-cell destruction during pathogenesis of type-1 diabetes. However, nitric oxide has both cytotoxic and cytoprotective effects on mammalian cells, depending on concentration and micro-environmental surroundings. Our studies have shown that low/physiological-level nitric oxide selectively activates protein kinase G type Iα isoform, promoting cytoprotective/pro-cell-survival effects in many cell types. In bone marrow-derived stromal/mesenchymal stem cells, protein kinase G type Iα mediates autocrine effects of nitric oxide and atrial natriuretic peptide, promoting DNA-synthesis/proliferation and cell survival. In this study, endothelial nitric oxide synthase/neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NIO (L-N(5)-(1-iminoethyl)ornithine), soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor ODQ (1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3,-a] quinoxalin-1-one), atrial natriuretic peptide-receptor inhibitor A71915 and protein kinase G type Iα kinase activity inhibitor DT-2 all increased apoptosis and decreased insulin secretion in RINm5F pancreatic β-cells, suggesting autocrine regulatory role for endogenous nitric oxide- and atrial natriuretic peptide-induced activation of protein kinase G type Iα. In four pancreatic β-cell lines, Beta-TC-6, RINm5F, INS-1 and 1.1B4, protein kinase G type Iα small-interfering RNA decreased phospho-serine-239-VASP (indicator of endogenous protein kinase G type Iα kinase activity), increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation. In protein kinase G type Iα-knockdown β-cell lines, expressions of phospho-protein kinase B (PKB/AKT) (AKT), phospho-Forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) (transcriptional repressor of pancreas duodenum homobox-1) and pancreas duodenum homobox-1 were decreased, suppressing proliferation and survival in pancreatic β-cells. The data suggest autocrine nitric oxide/atrial natriuretic peptide-induced activation of protein kinase G type Iα/p-AKT/p-FOXO1 promotes survival and proliferation in pancreatic β-cells, providing therapeutic implications for development of new therapeutic agents for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janica C Wong
- 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, Las Vegas, NV, USA
- 2 Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Roseman University of Health Sciences, Henderson, NV, USA
| | - Van Vo
- 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, Las Vegas, NV, USA
- 2 Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Roseman University of Health Sciences, Henderson, NV, USA
| | - Priyatham Gorjala
- 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, Las Vegas, NV, USA
- 2 Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Roseman University of Health Sciences, Henderson, NV, USA
| | - Ronald R Fiscus
- 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, Las Vegas, NV, USA
- 2 Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Roseman University of Health Sciences, Henderson, NV, USA
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Byrne FL, Hoehn KL. Subclassification of fatty liver by its pathogenesis: cIEFing is believing. J Pathol 2016; 239:3-5. [PMID: 26880235 DOI: 10.1002/path.4702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Fatty liver, also termed hepatic steatosis or fatty liver disease, is a condition characterized by excess fat accumulation in the liver. Common causes of fatty liver include obesity, ageing, medications, genetic disorders, viral hepatitis, excess alcohol or toxins. This diversity in pathogenesis is matched by an equally diverse spectrum of consequences, whereby some individuals remain asymptomatic yet others progress through a series of inflammatory, fibrotic and metabolic disorders that can lead to liver failure, cancer or diabetes. Current treatment approaches for fatty liver do not differ by disease aetiology and primarily involve weight loss strategies or management of co-morbidities. In a recent paper published in this journal, Urasaki et al used capillary isoelectric focusing (cIEF) to create profiles of protein post-translational modifications that distinguish four different models of fatty liver in mice. Importantly, this new cIEF approach has the potential to provide rapid individualized diagnosis of fatty liver pathogenesis that may enable more accurate and personalized treatment strategies. Further testing and optimization of cIEF as a diagnostic screening tool in humans is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances L Byrne
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Kyle L Hoehn
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
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