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Beddows I, Fan H, Heinze K, Johnson BK, Leonova A, Senz J, Djirackor S, Cho KR, Pearce CL, Huntsman DG, Anglesio MS, Shen H. Cell State of Origin Impacts Development of Distinct Endometriosis-Related Ovarian Carcinoma Histotypes. Cancer Res 2024; 84:26-38. [PMID: 37874327 PMCID: PMC10758692 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-1362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Clear cell ovarian carcinoma (CCOC) and endometrioid ovarian carcinoma (ENOC) are ovarian carcinoma histotypes, which are both thought to arise from ectopic endometrial (or endometrial-like) cells through an endometriosis intermediate. How the same cell type of origin gives rise to two morphologically and biologically different histotypes has been perplexing, particularly given that recurrent genetic mutations are common to both and present in nonmalignant precursors. We used RNA transcription analysis to show that the expression profiles of CCOC and ENOC resemble those of normal endometrium at secretory and proliferative phases of the menstrual cycle, respectively. DNA methylation at the promoter of the estrogen receptor (ER) gene (ESR1) was enriched in CCOC, which could potentially lock the cells in the secretory state. Compared with normal secretory-type endometrium, CCOC was further defined by increased expression of cysteine and glutathione synthesis pathway genes and downregulation of the iron antiporter, suggesting iron addiction and highlighting ferroptosis as a potential therapeutic target. Overall, these findings suggest that while CCOC and ENOC arise from the same cell type, these histotypes likely originate from different cell states. This "cell state of origin" model may help to explain the presence of histologic and molecular cancer subtypes arising in other organs. SIGNIFICANCE Two cancer histotypes diverge from a common cell of origin epigenetically locked in different cell states, highlighting the importance of considering cell state to better understand the cell of origin of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Beddows
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Huihui Fan
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Karolin Heinze
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Anna Leonova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Janine Senz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Kathleen R. Cho
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Celeste Leigh Pearce
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - David G. Huntsman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael S. Anglesio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
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Sogabe M, Kojima S, Kaya T, Tomioka A, Kaji H, Sato T, Chiba Y, Shimizu A, Tanaka N, Suzuki N, Hayashi I, Mikami M, Togayachi A, Narimatsu H. Sensitive New Assay System for Serum Wisteria floribunda Agglutinin-Reactive Ceruloplasmin That Distinguishes Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma from Endometrioma. Anal Chem 2022; 94:2476-2484. [PMID: 35044763 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Wisteria floribunda agglutinin (WFA)-reactive ceruloplasmin (CP) is a candidate marker for ovarian clear cell carcinoma (CCC) reported in our previous paper. Herein, a new measurement system was developed to investigate its potential as a serum marker for CCC. Site-specific glycome analysis using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry showed that WFA-CP from CCC binds to WFA via the GalNAcβ1,4GlcNAc (LDN) structure. We used mutant recombinant WFA (rWFA), which has a high specificity to the LDN structure, instead of native WFA, to increase the specificity of the serum sample measurement. To improve the sensitivity, we used a surface plasmon field-enhanced fluorescence spectroscopy immunoassay system, which is approximately 100 times more sensitive than the conventional sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system. With these two improvements, the specificity and sensitivity of the serum rWFA-CP measurement were dramatically improved, clearly distinguishing CCC from endometrioma, from which CCC originates. This rWFA-CP assay can be used clinically for the serodiagnosis of early-stage CCC, which is difficult to detect with existing serum markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Sogabe
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central-5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Shun Kojima
- Konica Minolta, Inc., No. 1 Sakura-machi, Hino, Tokyo 191-8511, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Kaya
- Konica Minolta, Inc., No. 1 Sakura-machi, Hino, Tokyo 191-8511, Japan
| | - Azusa Tomioka
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central-5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kaji
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central-5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Takashi Sato
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central-5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yasunori Chiba
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central-5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Akira Shimizu
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central-5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Nana Tanaka
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central-5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Nao Suzuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Marianna University of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
| | - Io Hayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokai University, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Mikio Mikami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokai University, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Akira Togayachi
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central-5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Hisashi Narimatsu
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central-5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
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3
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Molecular evidence for a clonal relationship between synchronous uterine endometrioid carcinoma and ovarian clear cell carcinoma: a new example of "precursor escape"? J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:959-966. [PMID: 33768299 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02064-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Synchronous endometrial and ovarian carcinomas (SEOCs) that share the same endometrioid histology are generally considered as the result of metastatic spread from one organ to another. However, SEOCs with different histologies are regarded as distinct primary lesions that arise independently from each other. This study was undertaken to compare the mutational landscape of SEOCs with different histologies to confirm or refute the hypothesis of an independent origin. Four patients with synchronous uterine endometrioid carcinoma (UEMC) and ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) were examined. UEMCs were accompanied by endometrial hyperplasia/endometrioid intraepithelial neoplasia, whereas endometriosis was evident in two cases. Paired UEMC and OCCC specimens were subjected to mutation analysis with massively parallel sequencing. Surprisingly, we found that 50% (2/4) of paired SEOCs with different histologies shared the same somatic mutations, some of which localized in cancer driver genes. Clonality analyses indicated that these tumors were clonally related to each other. Notably, 75% (3/4) of the study patients had Lynch syndrome. The cancer-specific survival figures of patients with synchronous UEMCs and OCCCs were more favorable than those observed in a historical cohort of patients with isolated stage 2/3 OCCCs. Taken together, we set forth a potential explanation that considers clonally related SEOCs as a result of "precursor escape" - whereby precursor cells of endometrial cancer spread beyond the uterus to reach the pelvis and eventually evolve into an OCCC under an increasing mutational burden. KEY MESSAGES: • SEOCs characterized by different histologies are rare. • All cases of SEOCs were accompanied by endometrial hyperplasia. • Fifty percent of SEOCs were clonally related to each other. • Shared mutations in cancer driver genes were evident among SEOCs. • Clonally related SEOCs may be a result of "precursor escape." • Lynch syndrome is highly prevalent in patients with UEMC and synchronous OCCC. • The prognosis of synchronous UEMC and OCCC was favorable.
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Jones MR, Peng PC, Coetzee SG, Tyrer J, Reyes ALP, Corona RI, Davis B, Chen S, Dezem F, Seo JH, Kar S, Dareng E, Berman BP, Freedman ML, Plummer JT, Lawrenson K, Pharoah P, Hazelett DJ, Gayther SA. Ovarian Cancer Risk Variants Are Enriched in Histotype-Specific Enhancers and Disrupt Transcription Factor Binding Sites. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 107:622-635. [PMID: 32946763 PMCID: PMC7536645 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantifying the functional effects of complex disease risk variants can provide insights into mechanisms underlying disease biology. Genome-wide association studies have identified 39 regions associated with risk of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). The vast majority of these variants lie in the non-coding genome, where they likely function through interaction with gene regulatory elements. In this study we first estimated the heritability explained by known common low penetrance risk alleles for EOC. The narrow sense heritability (hg2) of EOC overall and high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOCs) were estimated to be 5%-6%. Partitioned SNP heritability across broad functional categories indicated a significant contribution of regulatory elements to EOC heritability. We collated epigenomic profiling data for 77 cell and tissue types from Roadmap Epigenomics and ENCODE, and from H3K27Ac ChIP-seq data generated in 26 ovarian cancer and precursor-related cell and tissue types. We identified significant enrichment of risk single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in active regulatory elements marked by H3K27Ac in HGSOCs. To further investigate how risk SNPs in active regulatory elements influence predisposition to ovarian cancer, we used motifbreakR to predict the disruption of transcription factor binding sites. We identified 469 candidate causal risk variants in H3K27Ac peaks that are predicted to significantly break transcription factor (TF) motifs. The most frequently broken motif was REST (p value = 0.0028), which has been reported as both a tumor suppressor and an oncogene. Overall, these systematic functional annotations with epigenomic data improve interpretation of EOC risk variants and shed light on likely cells of origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle R Jones
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Pei-Chen Peng
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Simon G Coetzee
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Jonathan Tyrer
- CR-UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Alberto Luiz P Reyes
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Rosario I Corona
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Brian Davis
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Stephanie Chen
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Felipe Dezem
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Ji-Heui Seo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Siddartha Kar
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Eileen Dareng
- CR-UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Benjamin P Berman
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Matthew L Freedman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jasmine T Plummer
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Kate Lawrenson
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Paul Pharoah
- CR-UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Dennis J Hazelett
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Simon A Gayther
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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5
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Choi PW, So WW, Yang J, Liu S, Tong KK, Kwan KM, Kwok JSL, Tsui SKW, Ng SK, Hales KH, Hales DB, Welch WR, Crum CP, Fong WP, Berkowitz RS, Ng SW. MicroRNA-200 family governs ovarian inclusion cyst formation and mode of ovarian cancer spread. Oncogene 2020; 39:4045-4060. [PMID: 32214198 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1264-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiologic and histopathologic findings and the laying hen model support the long-standing incessant ovulation hypothesis and cortical inclusion cyst involvement in sporadic ovarian cancer development. MicroRNA-200 (miR-200) family is highly expressed in ovarian cancer. Herewith, we show that ovarian surface epithelial (OSE) cells with ectopic miR-200 expression formed stabilized cysts in three-dimensional (3D) organotypic culture with E-cadherin fragment expression and steroid hormone pathway activation, whereas ovarian cancer 3D cultures with miR-200 knockdown showed elevated TGF-β expression, mitotic spindle disorientation, increased lumenization, disruption of ROCK-mediated myosin II phosphorylation, and SRC signaling, which led to histotype-dependent loss of collective movement in tumor spread. Gene expression profiling revealed that epithelial-mesenchymal transition and hypoxia were the top enriched gene sets regulated by miR-200 in both OSE and ovarian cancer cells. The molecular changes uncovered by the in vitro studies were verified in both human and laying hen ovarian cysts and tumor specimens. As miR-200 is also essential for ovulation, our results of estrogen pathway activation in miR-200-expressing OSE cells add another intriguing link between incessant ovulation and ovarian carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui-Wah Choi
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Wing So
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Junzheng Yang
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Shubai Liu
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ka Kui Tong
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kin Ming Kwan
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Center for Cell and Developmental Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jamie S-L Kwok
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Stephen K W Tsui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shu-Kay Ng
- School of Medicine and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Karen H Hales
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Southern Illinois School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Dale B Hales
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Southern Illinois School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA.,Department of Physiology, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Southern Illinois School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - William R Welch
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Christopher P Crum
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Wing-Ping Fong
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ross S Berkowitz
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Shu-Wing Ng
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
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6
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Muller P, Coates PJ, Nenutil R, Trcka F, Hrstka R, Chovanec J, Brychtova V, Vojtesek B. Tomm34 is commonly expressed in epithelial ovarian cancer and associates with tumour type and high FIGO stage. J Ovarian Res 2019; 12:30. [PMID: 30917858 PMCID: PMC6436220 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-019-0498-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increased activity of the chaperones Hsp70 and Hsp90 is a common feature of solid tumours. Translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane 34 (Tomm34) is a cochaperone of both Hsp70 and Hsp90 that was found to be overexpressed in colorectal, hepatocellular, lung and breast carcinomas. The expression profile of Tomm34 in ovarian cancer has not been investigated. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to investigate the expression pattern of Tomm34 in ovarian carcinomas and analyse its correlation with clinico-pathological parameters. Results Epithelial ovarian cancers (140) were histologically classified based on their morphology and graded into two types comprising 5 histologic subgroups. Type I carcinomas comprise low grade serous (LGSC), clear cell (CCOC) and endometrioid (ENOC), type II comprises high grade serous carcinomas (HGSC) and solid, pseudoendometrioid, transitional carcinomas (SET). Tomm34 was more highly expressed in type II than type I carcinomas (p < 0.0001). Comparing tumours based on the mutation in the TP53 gene revealed similar results, where mutant tumours exhibited significantly higher levels of Tomm34 (p < 0.0001). The decreased levels of Tomm34 in type I carcinomas were particularly evident in clear cell and mucinous carcinomas. The expression of Tomm34 was also positively correlated with FIGO stage (r = 0.23; p = 0.007). Tomm34 levels also indicated poor prognosis for patients with mutant p53. Conclusions Our data indicate that Tomm34 is commonly expressed at high levels in epithelial ovarian cancers, except for the clear cell and mucinous subtypes. The expression of Tomm34 corresponds with the dualistic model of ovarian cancer pathogenesis where high grade, type II tumours exhibit higher expression of Tomm34 in contrast to type I tumours. These data are also comparable to the previous findings that Tomm34 is a marker of progression and poor prognosis in human cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13048-019-0498-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Muller
- Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Philip J Coates
- Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rudolf Nenutil
- Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Trcka
- Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Hrstka
- Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Chovanec
- Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Brychtova
- Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Borivoj Vojtesek
- Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Ilenkovan N, Gourley C. Pathogenesis, Genetics, and Genomics of Non-High Grade Serous Ovarian Cancers. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2018; 32:929-942. [PMID: 30390766 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The 5 main non-high grade serous epithelial ovarian cancers (clear cell, low grade endometrioid, low grade serous, mucinous, and carcinosarcoma) are discrete in terms of their pathogenesis, molecular biology, and treatment sensitivity. This article reviews the current understanding of their pathogenesis and molecular biology, highlighting areas of uncertainty where future research efforts should be focused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narthana Ilenkovan
- Nicola Murray Centre for Ovarian Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Charlie Gourley
- Nicola Murray Centre for Ovarian Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK.
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8
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Wendel JRH, Wang X, Hawkins SM. The Endometriotic Tumor Microenvironment in Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10080261. [PMID: 30087267 PMCID: PMC6115869 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10080261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Women with endometriosis are at increased risk of developing ovarian cancer, specifically ovarian endometrioid, low-grade serous, and clear-cell adenocarcinoma. An important clinical caveat to the association of endometriosis with ovarian cancer is the improved prognosis for women with endometriosis at time of ovarian cancer staging. Whether endometriosis-associated ovarian cancers develop from the molecular transformation of endometriosis or develop because of the endometriotic tumor microenvironment remain unknown. Additionally, how the presence of endometriosis improves prognosis is also undefined, but likely relies on the endometriotic microenvironment. The unique tumor microenvironment of endometriosis is composed of epithelial, stromal, and immune cells, which adapt to survive in hypoxic conditions with high levels of iron, estrogen, and inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Understanding the unique molecular features of the endometriotic tumor microenvironment may lead to impactful precision therapies and/or modalities for prevention. A challenge to this important study is the rarity of well-characterized clinical samples and the limited model systems. In this review, we will describe the unique molecular features of endometriosis-associated ovarian cancers, the endometriotic tumor microenvironment, and available model systems for endometriosis-associated ovarian cancers. Continued research on these unique ovarian cancers may lead to improved prevention and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian R Hufgard Wendel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Xiyin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Shannon M Hawkins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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