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Jiang Y, Ni S, Xiao B, Jia L. Function, mechanism and drug discovery of ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like modification with multiomics profiling for cancer therapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:4341-4372. [PMID: 37969742 PMCID: PMC10638515 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin (Ub) and ubiquitin-like (Ubl) pathways are critical post-translational modifications that determine whether functional proteins are degraded or activated/inactivated. To date, >600 associated enzymes have been reported that comprise a hierarchical task network (e.g., E1-E2-E3 cascade enzymatic reaction and deubiquitination) to modulate substrates, including enormous oncoproteins and tumor-suppressive proteins. Several strategies, such as classical biochemical approaches, multiomics, and clinical sample analysis, were combined to elucidate the functional relations between these enzymes and tumors. In this regard, the fundamental advances and follow-on drug discoveries have been crucial in providing vital information concerning contemporary translational efforts to tailor individualized treatment by targeting Ub and Ubl pathways. Correspondingly, emphasizing the current progress of Ub-related pathways as therapeutic targets in cancer is deemed essential. In the present review, we summarize and discuss the functions, clinical significance, and regulatory mechanisms of Ub and Ubl pathways in tumorigenesis as well as the current progress of small-molecular drug discovery. In particular, multiomics analyses were integrated to delineate the complexity of Ub and Ubl modifications for cancer therapy. The present review will provide a focused and up-to-date overview for the researchers to pursue further studies regarding the Ub and Ubl pathways targeted anticancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Biying Xiao
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lijun Jia
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
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2
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Bekas N, Samiotaki M, Papathanasiou M, Mokos P, Pseftogas A, Xanthopoulos K, Thanos D, Mosialos G, Dafou D. Inactivation of Tumor Suppressor CYLD Inhibits Fibroblast Reprogramming to Pluripotency. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4997. [PMID: 37894364 PMCID: PMC10605754 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15204997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
CYLD is a tumor suppressor gene coding for a deubiquitinating enzyme that has a critical regulatory function in a variety of signaling pathways and biological processes involved in cancer development and progression, many of which are also key modulators of somatic cell reprogramming. Nevertheless, the potential role of CYLD in this process has not been studied. With the dual aim of investigating the involvement of CYLD in reprogramming and developing a better understanding of the intricate regulatory system governing this process, we reprogrammed control (CYLDWT/WT) and CYLD DUB-deficient (CYLDΔ9/Δ9) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) through ectopic overexpression of the Yamanaka factors (Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, c-myc). CYLD DUB deficiency led to significantly reduced reprogramming efficiency and slower early reprogramming kinetics. The introduction of WT CYLD to CYLDΔ9/Δ9 MEFs rescued the phenotype. Nevertheless, CYLD DUB-deficient cells were capable of establishing induced pluripotent colonies with full spontaneous differentiation potential of the three germ layers. Whole proteome analysis (Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD044220) revealed that the mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) during the early reprogramming stages was disrupted in CYLDΔ9/Δ9 MEFs. Interestingly, differentially enriched pathways revealed that the primary processes affected by CYLD DUB deficiency were associated with the organization of the extracellular matrix and several metabolic pathways. Our findings not only establish for the first time CYLD's significance as a regulatory component of early reprogramming but also highlight its role as an extracellular matrix regulator, which has profound implications in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Bekas
- School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (N.B.); (P.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Martina Samiotaki
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming”, 16672 Vari, Greece;
| | - Maria Papathanasiou
- Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.P.); (D.T.)
| | - Panagiotis Mokos
- School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (N.B.); (P.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Athanasios Pseftogas
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Konstantinos Xanthopoulos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Dimitris Thanos
- Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.P.); (D.T.)
| | - George Mosialos
- School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (N.B.); (P.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Dimitra Dafou
- School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (N.B.); (P.M.); (G.M.)
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3
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Liu SC, Wang CI, Liu TT, Tsang NM, Sui YH, Juang JL. A 3-gene signature comprising CDH4, STAT4 and EBV-encoded LMP1 for early diagnosis and predicting disease progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:119. [PMID: 37393410 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00735-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is highly metastatic but difficult to detect in its early stages. It is critical to develop a simple and highly efficient molecular diagnostic method for early detection of NPC in clinical biopsies. METHODS The transcriptomic data of primary NPC cell strains were used as a discovery tool. Linear regression approach was used to define signatures distinctive between early and late stage of NPC. Expressions of candidates were validated with an independent set of biopsies (n = 39). Leave-one-out cross-validation technique was employed to estimate the prediction accuracy on stage classification. The clinical relevance of marker genes was verified using NPC bulk RNA sequencing data and IHC analysis. RESULTS Three genes comprising CDH4, STAT4, and CYLD were found to have a significant differentiating power to separate NPC from normal nasopharyngeal samples and predicting disease malignancy. IHC analyses showed stronger CDH4, STAT4, and CYLD immunoreactivity in adjacent basal epithelium compared with that in tumor cells (p < 0.001). EBV-encoded LMP1 was exclusively expressed in NPC tumors. Using an independent set of biopsies, we showed that a model combining CDH4, STAT4, and LMP1 had a 92.86% of diagnostic accuracy, whereas a combination of STAT4 and LMP1 had a 70.59% accuracy for predicting advanced disease. Mechanistic studies suggested that promoter methylation, loss of DNA allele, and LMP1 contributed to the suppressive expression of CDH4, CYLD, and STAT4, respectively. CONCLUSION A model combining CDH4 and STAT4 and LMP1 was proposed to be a feasible model for diagnosing NPC and predicting late stage of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Chen Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, 300, Zhongda Rd., Jhongli Dist., Taoyuan City, 320317, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-I Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Tung Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, 300, Zhongda Rd., Jhongli Dist., Taoyuan City, 320317, Taiwan
| | - Ngan-Ming Tsang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, Zhubei City, Hsinchu County, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Hua Sui
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, 300, Zhongda Rd., Jhongli Dist., Taoyuan City, 320317, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Lyh Juang
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 35053, Miaoli County, Taiwan.
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Jin S, Kudo Y, Horiguchi T. The Role of Deubiquitinating Enzyme in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010552. [PMID: 36613989 PMCID: PMC9820089 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination and deubiquitination are two popular ways for the post-translational modification of proteins. These two modifications affect intracellular localization, stability, and function of target proteins. The process of deubiquitination is involved in histone modification, cell cycle regulation, cell differentiation, apoptosis, endocytosis, autophagy, and DNA repair after damage. Moreover, it is involved in the processes of carcinogenesis and cancer development. In this review, we discuss these issues in understanding deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) function in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), and their potential therapeutic strategies for HNSCC patients are also discussed.
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Kanemaru A, Shinriki S, Kai M, Tsurekawa K, Ozeki K, Uchino S, Suenaga N, Yonemaru K, Miyake S, Masuda T, Kariya R, Okada S, Takeshita H, Seki Y, Yano H, Komohara Y, Yoshida R, Nakayama H, Li JD, Saito H, Jono H. Potential use of EGFR-targeted molecular therapies for tumor suppressor CYLD-negative and poor prognosis oral squamous cell carcinoma with chemoresistance. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:358. [PMCID: PMC9664721 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02781-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Tumor suppressor CYLD dysfunction by loss of its expression, triggers malignant transformation, especially drug resistance and tumor invasion/metastasis. Although loss of CYLD expression is significantly associated with poor prognosis in a large variety of tumors, no clinically-effective treatment for CYLD-negative cancer patients is available.
Methods
We focused on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and sought to develop novel therapeutic agents for CYLD-negative cancer patients with poor prognosis. CYLD-knockdown OSCC cells by using CYLD-specific siRNA, were used to elucidate and determine the efficacy of novel drug candidates by evaluating cell viability and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like change. Therapeutic effects of candidate drug on cell line-derived xenograft (CDX) model and usefulness of CYLD as a novel biomarker using patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model were further investigated.
Results
CYLD-knockdown OSCC cells were resistant for all currently-available cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents for OSCC, such as, cisplatin, 5-FU, carboplatin, docetaxel, and paclitaxel. By using comprehensive proteome analysis approach, we identified epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a receptor tyrosine kinase, played key roles in CYLD-knockdown OSCC cells. Indeed, cell survival rate in the cisplatin-resistant CYLD-knockdown OSCC cells was markedly inhibited by treatment with clinically available EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), such as gefitinib. In addition, gefitinib was significantly effective for not only cell survival, but also EMT-like changes through inhibiting transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling in CYLD-knockdown OSCC cells. Thereby, overall survival of CYLD-knockdown CDX models was significantly prolonged by gefitinib treatment. Moreover, we found that CYLD expression was significantly associated with gefitinib response by using PDX models.
Conclusions
Our results first revealed that EGFR-targeted molecular therapies, such as EGFR-TKIs, could have potential to be novel therapeutic agents for the CYLD-negative OSCC patients with poor prognosis.
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Ganjoo S, Puebla-Osorio N, Nanez S, Hsu E, Voss T, Barsoumian H, Duong LK, Welsh JW, Cortez MA. Bone morphogenetic proteins, activins, and growth and differentiation factors in tumor immunology and immunotherapy resistance. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1033642. [PMID: 36353620 PMCID: PMC9638036 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1033642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The TGF-β superfamily is a group of secreted polypeptides with key roles in exerting and regulating a variety of physiologic effects, especially those related to cell signaling, growth, development, and differentiation. Although its central member, TGF-β, has been extensively reviewed, other members of the family-namely bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), activins, and growth and differentiation factors (GDFs)-have not been as thoroughly investigated. Moreover, although the specific roles of TGF-β signaling in cancer immunology and immunotherapy resistance have been extensively reported, little is known of the roles of BMPs, activins, and GDFs in these domains. This review focuses on how these superfamily members influence key immune cells in cancer progression and resistance to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maria Angelica Cortez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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The resurrection of RIP kinase 1 as an early cell death checkpoint regulator-a potential target for therapy in the necroptosis era. EXPERIMENTAL & MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2022; 54:1401-1411. [PMID: 36171264 PMCID: PMC9534832 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00847-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-interacting serine threonine protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) has emerged as a central molecular switch in controlling the balance between cell survival and cell death. The pro-survival role of RIPK1 in maintaining cell survival is achieved via its ability to induce NF-κB-dependent expression of anti-apoptotic genes. However, recent advances have identified the pro-death function of RIPK1: posttranslational modifications of RIPK1 in the tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1)-associated complex-I, in the cytosolic complex-IIb or in necrosomes regulate the cytotoxic potential of RIPK1, forming an early cell death checkpoint. Since the kinase activity of RIPK1 is indispensable in RIPK3- and MLKL-mediated necroptosis induction, while it is dispensable in apoptosis, a better understanding of this early cell death checkpoint via RIPK1 might lead to new insights into the molecular mechanisms controlling both apoptotic and necroptotic modes of cell death and help develop novel therapeutic approaches for cancer. Here, we present an emerging view of the regulatory mechanisms for RIPK1 activity, especially with respect to the early cell death checkpoint. We also discuss the impact of dysregulated RIPK1 activity in pathophysiological settings and highlight its therapeutic potential in treating human diseases. Improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms that allow a protein to control the balance between cell survival or early death could reveal new approaches to treating conditions including chronic inflammatory disease and cancer. Gang Min Hur and colleagues at Chungnam National University in Daejeon, South Korea, with Han-Ming Shen at the University of Macau in China, review emerging evidence about how the protein called receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) influences whether cells move towards death or survival at a key ‘checkpoint’ in cell development. Cells can undergo a natural process of programmed cell death called apoptosis, die abnormally in a disease process called necroptosis, or survive. RIPK1 appears able to influence which path is chosen depending on which genes it regulates and which proteins it interacts with. Many details are still unclear, and need further investigation.
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Identification of Potential miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network in the Development of Oral Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:9376608. [PMID: 36033831 PMCID: PMC9410825 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9376608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Oral cancer is a difficult question in modern medical system, and there are few effective strategies to completely heal these diseases. This research investigated the miRNA-mRNA network in oral cancer development via bioinformatics excavation. Methods GSE28100 and GSE23558 in the GEO database were selected for bioinformatics analysis. The datasets were analyzed with GEO2R to obtain the related matrix files. The hot plot and heatmap of the matrix files were drawn with R language. The MiRDIP database was applied to predict and screen the targets of miRNAs. The DEGs in the matrix files were analyzed with the DAVID database and visualized with R language for enrichment analysis. The PPI-network of the DEGs was established with the STRING database and Cytoscape. Besides, the miRNA-mRNA was visualized by Cytoscape. Results 35 genes were identified as the DEGs in GES28100. 1651 genes were identified as the DEGs in GSE23558. 143 common genes in the targets of miRNAs in GSE28100 and the DEGs in GSE the targets of DEGs in GES28100 and common genes were enriched in the PI3K/AKT pathway, MAPK pathway, etc. The DEGs in GSE28100 and GSE23558 were involved in the regulations of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter and DNA transcription. The DEGs in GSE28100 and GSE23558 were established with the miRNA-mRNA network. Conclusion This research identified miR-15b-5p, miR-199a-3p, miR-21-5p, miR-424-5p, and miR-454-3p as the biomarker of oral cancer and established the miRNA-mRNA network in oral progression.
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Schrank TP, Prince AC, Sathe T, Wang X, Liu X, Alzhanov DT, Burtness B, Baldwin AS, Yarbrough WG, Issaeva N. NF-κB over-activation portends improved outcomes in HPV-associated head and neck cancer. Oncotarget 2022; 13:707-722. [PMID: 35634245 PMCID: PMC9131933 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolving understanding of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is leading to more specific diagnostic disease classifications. Among HNSCC caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV), tumors harboring defects in TRAF3 or CYLD are associated with improved clinical outcomes and maintenance of episomal HPV. TRAF3 and CYLD are negative regulators of NF-κB and inactivating mutations of either leads to NF-κB overactivity. Here, we developed and validated a gene expression classifier separating HPV+ HNSCCs based on NF-κB activity. As expected, the novel classifier is strongly enriched in NF-κB targets leading us to name it the NF-κB Activity Classifier (NAC). High NF-κB activity correlated with improved survival in two independent cohorts. Using NAC, tumors with high NF-κB activity but lacking defects in TRAF3 or CYLD were identified; thus, while TRAF3 or CYLD gene defects identify the majority of tumors with NF-κB activation, unknown mechanisms leading to NF-kB activity also exist. The NAC correctly classified the functional consequences of two novel CYLD missense mutations. Using a reporter assay, we tested these CYLD mutations revealing that their activity to inhibit NF-kB was equivalent to the wild-type protein. Future applications of the NF-κB Activity Classifier may be to identify HPV+ HNSCC patients with better or worse survival with implications for treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis P. Schrank
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, UNC, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Andrew C. Prince
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, UNC, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Tejas Sathe
- Department of Surgery, Otolaryngology, Yale, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
- Current address: Department of Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Bioinformatics Core, University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Xinyi Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Bioinformatics Core, University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Damir T. Alzhanov
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, UNC, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Barbara Burtness
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Albert S. Baldwin
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Wendell G. Yarbrough
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, UNC, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Cancer Center, UNC, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UNC, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Senior authors
| | - Natalia Issaeva
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, UNC, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Cancer Center, UNC, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UNC, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Senior authors
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10
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CYLD deficiency enhances metabolic reprogramming and tumor progression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma via PFKFB3. Cancer Lett 2022; 532:215586. [PMID: 35131382 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant cancer metabolism contributes to cell proliferation and tumor progression. However, the contribution of enhanced glycolysis, observed during cancer metabolism, to the pathogenesis and progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains unclear. CYLD, an NF-κB inhibitor, is frequently deficient in NPC. Here, we investigated the role of CYLD in the metabolic reprogramming of NPC and found that restoration of CYLD expression suppressed glycolysis in NPC cells. Mechanistic dissection showed that CYLD stabilized p53 and facilitated its nuclear translocation, thereby enhancing p53 activity by removing K63-linked and K48-linked ubiquitin chains of p53, which can bind to the PFKFB3 promoter and inhibit its transcription. Additionally, CYLD interacted with FZR1 to promote APC/C-FZR1 E3 ligase activity, which further ubiquitinated and degraded PFKFB3 via the 26S proteasomal system. Furthermore, clinical tissue array analysis indicated that low expression of CYLD was correlated with high expression of PFKFB3 and poor prognosis among patients with NPC. In conclusion, CYLD suppressed PFKFB3 expression via two factors, namely, p53 and FZR1, to inhibit glycolysis and delay tumor growth and progression in NPC. CYLD is a biomarker indicating poor prognosis of patients with NPC.
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11
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Howley BV, Mohanty B, Dalton A, Grelet S, Karam J, Dincman T, Howe PH. The ubiquitin E3 ligase ARIH1 regulates hnRNP E1 protein stability, EMT and breast cancer progression. Oncogene 2022; 41:1679-1690. [PMID: 35102251 PMCID: PMC8933277 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02199-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process that is aberrantly activated in cancer and facilitates metastasis to distant organs, requires coordinated transcriptional and post-transcriptional control of gene expression. The tumor-suppressive RNA binding protein, hnRNP-E1, regulates splicing and translation of EMT-associated transcripts and it is thought that it plays a major role in the control of epithelial cell plasticity during cancer progression. We have utilized yeast 2 hybrid screening to identify novel hnRNP-E1 interactors that play a role in regulating hnRNP-E1; this approach led to the identification of the E3 ubiquitin ligase ARIH1. Here, we demonstrate that hnRNP-E1 protein stability is increased upon ARIH1 silencing, whereas, overexpression of ARIH1 leads to a reduction in hnRNP-E1. Reduced ubiquitination of hnRNP-E1 detected in ARIH1 knockdown (KD) cells compared to control suggests a role for ARIH1 in hnRNP-E1 degradation. The identification of hnRNP-E1 as a candidate substrate of ARIH1 led to the characterization of a novel function for this ubiquitin ligase in EMT induction and cancer progression. We demonstrate a delayed induction of EMT and reduced invasion in mammary epithelial cells silenced for ARIH1. Conversely, ARIH1 overexpression promoted EMT induction and invasion. ARIH1 silencing in breast cancer cells significantly attenuated cancer cell stemness in vitro and tumor formation in vivo. Finally, we utilized miniTurboID proximity labeling to identify novel ARIH1 interactors that may contribute to ARIH1's function in EMT induction and cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breege V. Howley
- grid.259828.c0000 0001 2189 3475Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC USA
| | - Bidyut Mohanty
- grid.259828.c0000 0001 2189 3475Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC USA
| | - Annamarie Dalton
- grid.259828.c0000 0001 2189 3475Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC USA
| | - Simon Grelet
- grid.259828.c0000 0001 2189 3475Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC USA ,grid.267153.40000 0000 9552 1255Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL USA
| | - Joseph Karam
- grid.259828.c0000 0001 2189 3475Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC USA
| | - Toros Dincman
- grid.259828.c0000 0001 2189 3475Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC USA
| | - Philip H. Howe
- grid.259828.c0000 0001 2189 3475Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC USA ,grid.259828.c0000 0001 2189 3475Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC USA
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The Tumour Suppressor CYLD Is Required for Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis of EGFR and Cetuximab-Induced Apoptosis in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010173. [PMID: 35008337 PMCID: PMC8750287 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is frequently overexpressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and is a target for the therapeutic antibody cetuximab (CTX). However, because only some patients have a significant clinical response to CTX, identification of its predictive biomarkers and potentiation of CTX-based therapies are important. We have recently reported a frequent downregulation of cylindromatosis (CYLD) in primary HNSCC, which led to increased cell invasion and cisplatin resistance. Here, we show that CYLD located mainly in lipid rafts was required for clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) and degradation of the EGFR induced by EGF and CTX in HNSCC cells. The N-terminus containing the first cytoskeleton-associated protein-glycine domain of CYLD was responsible for this regulation. Loss of CYLD restricted EGFR to lipid rafts, which suppressed CTX-induced apoptosis without impeding CTX's inhibitory activity against downstream signalling pathways. Disruption of the lipid rafts with cholesterol-removing agents overcame this resistance by restoring CME and the degradation of EGFR. Regulation of EGFR trafficking by CYLD is thus critical for the antitumour activity of CTX. Our findings suggest the usefulness of a combination of cholesterol-lowering drugs with anti-EGFR antibody therapy in HNSCC.
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13
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Raza F, Hussain M. Birth and death of CYLD paralogues in vertebrates. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Zhao LM, Guo FY, Wang HM, Dou T, Da Qi J, Xu WB, Piao L, Jin X, Chen FE, Piao HR, Zheng CJ, Jin CH. Synthesis and Evaluation of Chiral Rhodanine Derivatives Bearing Quinoxalinyl Imidazole Moiety as ALK5 Inhibitors. Med Chem 2021; 18:509-520. [PMID: 34182915 DOI: 10.2174/1573406417666210628144849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TGF-β signaling pathway inhibition is considered an effective way to prevent the development of several diseases. In the design and synthesis of TGF-β inhibitors, a rhodanine compound containing a quinoxalinyl imidazole moiety was found to have strong antimicrobial activity. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this work was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of other chiral rhodanine TGF-β inhibitors synthesized. METHODS Two series of 3-substituted-5-((5-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-4-(quinoxalinyl-6-yl)- 1H-imidazol-2-yl)methylene)-2-thioxothiazolin-4-ones (12a-h and 13a-e) were synthesized and evaluated for their ALK5 inhibitory and antimicrobial activity. The structures were confirmed by their 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS spectra. All the synthesized compounds were screened against Gram-positive strains, Gram-negative strains, and fungi. RESULTS Among the synthesized compounds, compound 12h showed the highest activity (IC50 = 0.416 μM) against ALK5 kinase. Compound 12h exhibited a good selectivity index of > 24 against p38α MAP kinase and was 6.0-fold more selective than the clinical candidate, compound 2 (LY-2157299). Nearly all the compounds displayed high selectivity toward both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. They also showed similar or 2.0-fold greater antifungal activity (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] = 0.5 µg/mL) compared with the positive control compounds Gatifloxacin (MIC = 0.5 µg/mL) and fluconazole (MIC = 1 µg/mL). CONCLUSION The findings suggest that the synthesized rhodanine compounds have good ALK5 inhibitory activity and can be used for further research and development as potential antifungal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Min Zhao
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Phamacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Fang Yan Guo
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Phamacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Hui Min Wang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Phamacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Tong Dou
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Phamacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Jun Da Qi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Phamacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Wen Bo Xu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Phamacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Lianxun Piao
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Phamacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Xuejun Jin
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Phamacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Fen-Er Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hu-Ri Piao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Chang Ji Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Cheng Hua Jin
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Phamacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
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15
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Guo JN, Xia BR, Deng SH, Yang C, Pi YN, Cui BB, Jin WL. Deubiquitinating Enzymes Orchestrate the Cancer Stem Cell-Immunosuppressive Niche Dialogue: New Perspectives and Therapeutic Potential. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:680100. [PMID: 34179009 PMCID: PMC8220152 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.680100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are sparks for igniting tumor recurrence and the instigators of low response to immunotherapy and drug resistance. As one of the important components of tumor microenvironment, the tumor associated immune microenvironment (TAIM) is driving force for the heterogeneity, plasticity and evolution of CSCs. CSCs create the inhibitory TAIM (ITAIM) mainly through four stemness-related signals (SRSs), including Notch-nuclear factor-κB axis, Hedgehog, Wnt and signal transducer and activator of transcription. Ubiquitination and deubiquitination in proteins related to the specific stemness of the CSCs have a profound impact on the regulation of ITAIM. In regulating the balance between ubiquitination and deubiquitination, it is crucial for deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) to cleave ubiquitin chains from substrates. Ubiquitin-specific peptidases (USPs) comprise the largest family of DUBs. Growing evidence suggests that they play novel functions in contribution of ITAIM, including regulating tumor immunogenicity, activating stem cell factors, upregulating the SRSs, stabilizing anti-inflammatory receptors, and regulating anti-inflammatory cytokines. These overactive or abnormal signaling may dampen antitumor immune responses. The inhibition of USPs could play a regulatory role in SRSs and reversing ITAIM, and also have great potential in improving immune killing ability against tumor cells, including CSCs. In this review, we focus on the USPs involved in CSCs signaling pathways and regulating ITAIM, which are promising therapeutic targets in antitumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Nan Guo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Bai-Rong Xia
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Shen-Hui Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chang Yang
- Department of Gynecology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Ya-Nan Pi
- Department of Gynecology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Bin-Bin Cui
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Wei-Lin Jin
- Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Institute of Cancer Neuroscience, The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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16
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Ubiquitination and Deubiquitination in Oral Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115488. [PMID: 34070986 PMCID: PMC8197098 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral health is an integral part of the general health and well-being of individuals. The presence of oral disease is potentially indicative of a number of systemic diseases and may contribute to their early diagnosis and treatment. The ubiquitin (Ub) system has been shown to play a role in cellular immune response, cellular development, and programmed cell death. Ubiquitination is a post-translational modification that occurs in eukaryotes. Its mechanism involves a number of factors, including Ub-activating enzymes, Ub-conjugating enzymes, and Ub protein ligases. Deubiquitinating enzymes, which are proteases that reversely modify proteins by removing Ub or Ub-like molecules or remodeling Ub chains on target proteins, have recently been regarded as crucial regulators of ubiquitination-mediated degradation and are known to significantly affect cellular pathways, a number of biological processes, DNA damage response, and DNA repair pathways. Research has increasingly shown evidence of the relationship between ubiquitination, deubiquitination, and oral disease. This review investigates recent progress in discoveries in diseased oral sites and discusses the roles of ubiquitination and deubiquitination in oral disease.
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17
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Fu YW, Li L, Wang XQ, Zhou Y, Zhu LF, Mei YM, Xu Y. The inhibitory effect of the deubiquitinase cylindromatosis (CYLD) on inflammatory responses in human gingival fibroblasts. Oral Dis 2020; 27:1487-1497. [PMID: 33031609 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Experiments were performed to evaluate CYLD expression in human gingival tissue samples and to examine the effects of CYLD on inflammatory responses in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- or TNF-α-stimulated human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). METHODS Immunohistochemistry for CYLD and p65 expression was performed with healthy and inflamed gingival tissue samples. siRNA was used to knock down the expression of CYLD in HGFs. Upon LPS or TNF-α stimulation, NF-κB activation was detected in control and CYLD-knockdown HGFs. RT-PCR was applied to determine gene expression. Western blot analyses were employed to assess protein expression. Immunofluorescence staining was carried out to evaluate the nuclear translocation of p65. RESULTS Immunohistochemical staining showed the expression of CYLD in human gingival tissues. In addition, CYLD protein expression was reduced in inflamed gingival tissue samples compared with healthy tissue samples. CYLD knockdown greatly enhanced the mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines in LPS- or TNF-α-stimulated HGFs. Furthermore, knocking down CYLD expression increased LPS-stimulated NF-κB activation in HGFs. Unexpectedly, CYLD knockdown did not affect TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that CYLD participates in periodontal inflammatory responses by negatively regulating LPS-induced NF-κB signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Wei Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Periodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Stomatology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Lu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Periodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Periodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Periodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li-Fang Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Periodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - You-Min Mei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Periodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Periodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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18
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Miyake S, Miwa T, Yoneda G, Kanemaru A, Saito H, Minoda R, Orita Y, Saito H, Jono H. Relationship between clinicopathological characteristics and CYLD expression in patients with cholesteatoma. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240216. [PMID: 33031450 PMCID: PMC7544047 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Middle ear cholesteatoma is a destructive disease in which inflammation plays an important role in development and progression, and there are currently no biomarkers predicting prognosis or recurrence. Cylindromatosis (CYLD), a tumor suppressor deubiquitinase, serves as a negative regulator of inflammation expressed in tissues including the middle ear. To determine the clinical significance of CYLD in acquired cholesteatoma, we evaluated CYLD expression in acquired cholesteatoma tissue by immunostaining and analyzed its correlation with clinicopathological characteristics. Our immunohistochemical analysis revealed that CYLD expression levels were varied in the tissues of acquired cholesteatoma patients. The relative expression levels of CYLD in cholesteatoma exhibited a significant correlation with the grade of otorrhea (R = 0.532, p = 0.039). Moreover, the period of epithelialization was also significantly associated with the relative expression levels of CYLD (R = 0.720, p = 0.002). In addition, CYLD expression tended to be lower in the group with recurrence. These results suggest that low CYLD expression correlates with postoperative recovery of acquired cholesteatoma, while potentially affecting the induction of recurrence. This is the first report showing that low CYLD expression correlates with accelerated disease recovery, and suggests a new aspect of CYLD as a prognostic predictor of acquired cholesteatoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Miyake
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Toru Miwa
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Go Yoneda
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ayumi Kanemaru
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Haruki Saito
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ryosei Minoda
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kumamoto General Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yorihisa Orita
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Saito
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Jono
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
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19
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Cui Z, Kang H, Grandis JR, Johnson DE. CYLD Alterations in the Tumorigenesis and Progression of Human Papillomavirus-Associated Head and Neck Cancers. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 19:14-24. [PMID: 32883697 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Genetic alterations of CYLD lysine 63 deubiquitinase (CYLD), a tumor-suppressor gene encoding a deubiquitinase (DUB) enzyme, are associated with the formation of tumors in CYLD cutaneous syndrome. Genome sequencing efforts have revealed somatic CYLD alterations in multiple human cancers. Moreover, in cancers commonly associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection (e.g., head and neck squamous cell carcinoma), CYLD alterations are preferentially observed in the HPV-positive versus HPV-negative form of the disease. The CYLD enzyme cleaves K63-linked polyubiquitin from substrate proteins, resulting in the disassembly of key protein complexes and the inactivation of growth-promoting signaling pathways, including pathways mediated by NF-κB, Wnt/β-catenin, and c-Jun N-terminal kinases. Loss-of-function CYLD alterations lead to aberrant activation of these signaling pathways, promoting tumorigenesis and malignant transformation. This review summarizes the association and potential role of CYLD somatic mutations in HPV-positive cancers, with particular emphasis on the role of these alterations in tumorigenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Potential therapeutic strategies for patients whose tumors harbor CYLD alterations are also discussed. IMPLICATIONS: Alterations in CYLD gene are associated with HPV-associated cancers, contribute to NF-κB activation, and are implicated in invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Cui
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
| | - Hyunseok Kang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jennifer R Grandis
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Daniel E Johnson
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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20
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The Tumor Suppressor CYLD Inhibits Mammary Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition by the Coordinated Inhibition of YAP/TAZ and TGF Signaling. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082047. [PMID: 32722292 PMCID: PMC7466024 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Downregulation of the cylindromatosis (CYLD) tumor suppressor has been associated with breast cancer development and progression. Here, we report a critical role for CYLD in maintaining the phenotype of mammary epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo. CYLD downregulation or inactivation induced an epithelial to mesenchymal transition of mammary epithelial cells that was dependent on the concomitant activation of the transcription factors Yes-associated protein (YAP)/transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF)signaling. CYLD inactivation enhanced the nuclear localization of YAP/TAZ and the phosphorylation of Small Mothers Against Decapentaplegic (SMAD)2/3 proteins in confluent cell culture conditions. Consistent with these findings were the hyperplastic alterations of CYLD-deficient mouse mammary epithelia, which were associated with enhanced nuclear expression of the YAP/TAZ transcription factors. Furthermore, in human breast cancer samples, downregulation of CYLD expression correlates with enhanced YAP/TAZ-regulated target gene expression. Our results identify CYLD as a critical regulator of a signaling node that prevents the coordinated activation of YAP/TAZ and the TGF pathway in mammary epithelial cells, in order to maintain their phenotypic identity and homeostasis. Consequently, they provide a novel conceptual framework that supports and explains a causal implication of deficient CYLD expression in aggressive human breast cancers.
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21
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Deng M, Dai W, Yu VZ, Tao L, Lung ML. Cylindromatosis Lysine 63 Deubiquitinase (CYLD) Regulates NF-kB Signaling Pathway and Modulates Fibroblast and Endothelial Cells Recruitment in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071924. [PMID: 32708712 PMCID: PMC7409113 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant epithelial carcinoma of the nasopharynx. Cylindromatosis lysine 63 deubiquitinase (CYLD), a NF-kB inhibitor, was reported as one of the top mutated candidate genes in NPC. NF-kB is an inducible transcription factor, contributing to cancer via regulating inflammation, angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and metastasis. In this study, the impact of CYLD on regulating the NF-kB signaling pathway and its contribution to NPC development was studied using in vitro and in vivo functional assays, together with single cell RNA sequencing to understand the NPC tumor microenvironment. CYLD was downregulated in NPC clinical specimens and multiple cell lines. Functional assays revealed CYLD inhibits NPC cell proliferation and migration in vitro and suppresses NPC tumorigenicity and metastasis in vivo by negatively regulating the NF-kB signaling pathway. Additionally, CYLD was able to inhibit fibroblast and endothelial stromal cell infiltration into the NPC tumor microenvironment. These findings suggest that CYLD inhibits NPC development and provides strong evidence supporting a role for CYLD inhibiting fibroblast and endothelial stromal cell infiltration into NPC via suppressing the NF-kB pathway.
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22
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Nguyen J, Massoumi R, Alliston T. CYLD, a mechanosensitive deubiquitinase, regulates TGFβ signaling in load-induced bone formation. Bone 2020; 131:115148. [PMID: 31715338 PMCID: PMC7032548 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.115148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Many signaling pathways involved in bone homeostasis also participate in the anabolic response of bone to mechanical loading. For example, TGFβ signaling coordinates the maintenance of bone mass and bone quality through its effects on osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes. TGFβ signaling is also essential for the mechanosensitive formation of new bone. However, the mechanosensitive mechanisms controlling TGFβ signaling in osteocytes remain to be determined, particularly those that integrate TGFβ signaling with other early responses to mechanical stimulation. Here, we used an in vivo mouse hindlimb loading model to identify mechanosensitive molecules in the TGFβ pathway, and MLO-Y4 cells to evaluate their interactions with the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) pathway, which is well-known for its rapid response to mechanical stimulation and its role in bone anabolism. Although mRNA levels for several TGFβ ligands, receptors, and effectors were unchanged, the level of phosphorylated Smad2/3 (pSmad2/3) was reduced in tibial bone as early as 3 h after early mechanical stimulation. We found that PGE2 and its receptor, EP2, repress pSmad2/3 levels and transactivation of Serpine1 in osteocytes. PGE2 and EP2 control the level of pSmad2/3 through a proteasome-dependent mechanism that relies on the deubiquitinase CYLD. CYLD protein levels were also reduced in the tibiae within 3 h of mechanical loading. Using CYLD-deficient mice, we found that CYLD is required for the rapid load-mediated repression of pSmad2/3 and for load-induced bone formation. These data introduce CYLD as a mechanosensitive deubiquitinase that participates in the prostaglandin-dependent repression of TGFβ signaling in osteocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Nguyen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, 94143, USA; Graduate Program in Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 94143, USA
| | - Ramin Massoumi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Medicon Village, 22381, Sweden
| | - Tamara Alliston
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, 94143, USA; Graduate Program in Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 94143, USA.
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23
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Functional analysis of deubiquitylating enzymes in tumorigenesis and development. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2019; 1872:188312. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2019.188312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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24
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Suenaga N, Kuramitsu M, Komure K, Kanemaru A, Takano K, Ozeki K, Nishimura Y, Yoshida R, Nakayama H, Shinriki S, Saito H, Jono H. Loss of Tumor Suppressor CYLD Expression Triggers Cisplatin Resistance in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205194. [PMID: 31635163 PMCID: PMC6829433 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is one of the most effective chemotherapeutic agents commonly used for several malignancies including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Although cisplatin resistance is a major obstacle to effective treatment and is associated with poor prognosis of OSCC patients, the molecular mechanisms by which it develops are largely unknown. Cylindromatosis (CYLD), a deubiquitinating enzyme, acts as a tumor suppressor in several malignancies. Our previous studies have shown that loss of CYLD expression in OSCC tissues is significantly associated with poor prognosis of OSCC patients. Here, we focused on CYLD expression in OSCC cells and determined whether loss of CYLD expression is involved in cisplatin resistance in OSCC and elucidated its molecular mechanism. In this study, to assess the effect of CYLD down-regulation on cisplatin resistance in human OSCC cell lines (SAS), we knocked-down the CYLD expression by using CYLD-specific siRNA. In cisplatin treatment, cell survival rates in CYLD knockdown SAS cells were significantly increased, indicating that CYLD down-regulation caused cisplatin resistance to SAS cells. Our results suggested that cisplatin resistance caused by CYLD down-regulation was associated with the mechanism through which both the reduction of intracellular cisplatin accumulation and the suppression of cisplatin-induced apoptosis via the NF-κB hyperactivation. Moreover, the combination of cisplatin and bortezomib treatment exhibited significant anti-tumor effects on cisplatin resistance caused by CYLD down-regulation in SAS cells. These findings suggest the possibility that loss of CYLD expression may cause cisplatin resistance in OSCC patients through NF-κB hyperactivation and may be associated with poor prognosis in OSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Suenaga
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
| | - Mimi Kuramitsu
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
| | - Kanae Komure
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
| | - Ayumi Kanemaru
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
| | - Kanako Takano
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
| | - Kazuya Ozeki
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
| | - Yuka Nishimura
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
| | - Ryoji Yoshida
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
| | - Hideki Nakayama
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
| | - Satoru Shinriki
- Department of Molecular Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Saito
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
- Department of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
| | - Hirofumi Jono
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
- Department of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
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Morimoto-Ito H, Mizuno-Kamiya M, Umemura N, Inagaki Y, Takayama E, Kawaki H, Muramatsu Y, Sumitomo S, Kondoh N. Immunosuppressive Effect of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells is Enhanced by IL-1α from Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells. Open Dent J 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1874210601913010221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background:
We have already reported that mouse Oral Squamous Carcinoma Cells (OSCCs) Sq-1979 specifically enhance the immunosuppressive activity of mesenchymal 10T1/2 cells via the functional soluble factor (s).
Objective:
In this report, we attempted to identify soluble factor(s) mediating the immunosuppression of Sq-1979 cells.
Methods:
L5-11 cells are a variant established from the metastatic lymph nodes of Sq-1979-implanted mice. Unlike parental Sq-1979 cells, however, L5-11 cells lack promotion of immunosuppressive activity in 10T1/2 cells. In order to identify cytokine mRNAs specifically expressed in Sq-1979 cells but not in L5-11 cells, cDNA microarray was performed. Conditioned medium from Sq-1979 cells (CM) was absorbed by several different neutralizing antibodies (abs) against the corresponding cytokines. The absorbed CM was then co-cultured with 10T1/2 cells and anti-CD3 antibody-stimulated mouse spleen cells. The Interferon (IFN) -γ producing capability of the stimulated spleen cells was evaluated using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). By using a specific cytokine product instead of CM in this co-culture system the source of the immunosuppressive effect was identified.
Results:
The expression of Ccl2, Ccl7, Il1-α, IL1f6 and Il6 mRNAs was specifically elevated in Sq-1979 cells compared to L5-11 cells. The suppression of the IFN-γ producing capability of stimulated spleen cells in the co-culture system was specifically alleviated by absorbing the CM with anti-IL-1α ab. We further demonstrated that the immunosuppressive effect of CM in the co-culture system could be completely substituted by IL-1α protein (50 pmol/ ml).
Conclusion:
The immunosuppressive function of 10T1/2 cells is specifically promoted by IL-1α, secreted by Sq-1979 cells.
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Cui X, Shang S, Lv X, Zhao J, Qi Y, Liu Z. Perspectives of small molecule inhibitors of activin receptor‑like kinase in anti‑tumor treatment and stem cell differentiation (Review). Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:5053-5062. [PMID: 31059090 PMCID: PMC6522871 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Activin receptor‑like kinases (ALKs), members of the type I activin receptor family, belong to the serine/threonine kinase receptors of the transforming growth factor‑β (TGF‑β) superfamily. ALKs mediate the roles of activin/TGF‑β in a wide variety of physiological and pathological processes, ranging from cell differentiation and proliferation to apoptosis. For example, the activities of ALKs are associated with an advanced tumor stage in prostate cancer and the chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Therefore, potent and selective small molecule inhibitors of ALKs would not only aid in investigating the function of activin/TGF‑β, but also in developing treatments for these diseases via the disruption of activin/TGF‑β. In recent studies, several ALK inhibitors, including LY‑2157299, SB‑431542 and A‑83‑01, have been identified and have been confirmed to affect stem cell differentiation and tumor progression in animal models. This review discusses the therapeutic perspective of small molecule inhibitors of ALKs as drug targets in tumor and stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueling Cui
- Department of Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Shumi Shang
- Department of Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xinran Lv
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yan Qi
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Zhonghui Liu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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