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Hirbe AC, Dehner CA, Dombi E, Eulo V, Gross AM, Sundby T, Lazar AJ, Widemann BC. Contemporary Approach to Neurofibromatosis Type 1-Associated Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2024; 44:e432242. [PMID: 38710002 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_432242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Most malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are clinically aggressive high-grade sarcomas, arising in individuals with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) at a significantly elevated estimated lifetime frequency of 8%-13%. In the setting of NF1, MPNSTs arise from malignant transformation of benign plexiform neurofibroma and borderline atypical neurofibromas. Composed of neoplastic cells from the Schwannian lineage, these cancers recur in approximately 50% of individuals, and most patients die within five years of diagnosis, despite surgical resection, radiation, and chemotherapy. Treatment for metastatic disease is limited to cytotoxic chemotherapy and investigational clinical trials. In this article, we review the pathophysiology of this aggressive cancer and current approaches to surveillance and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela C Hirbe
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, Barnes Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Carina A Dehner
- Department of Anatomic Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Eva Dombi
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Vanessa Eulo
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL
| | - Andrea M Gross
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Taylor Sundby
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Alexander J Lazar
- Departments of Pathology & Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Brigitte C Widemann
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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2
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Bourgeau M, Gardner JM. Immunohistochemistry Update in Dermatopathology and Bone and Soft Tissue Pathology. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2024; 148:284-291. [PMID: 37535665 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2023-0033-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— Immunohistochemistry plays an important role in dermatopathology, particularly for melanocytic lesions and poorly differentiated malignancies. In the field of bone and soft tissue pathology, molecular methods remain the gold standard for diagnosis; however, immunohistochemistry targeting underlying molecular alterations represents a valuable screening tool, especially in areas with limited access to molecular testing. OBJECTIVE.— To describe the utility and limitations of new and emerging immunohistochemical stains in the diagnosis of skin, soft tissue, and bone tumors. DATA SOURCES.— A literature review of recently described immunohistochemical stains in the fields of dermatopathology and bone and soft tissue pathology was performed. CONCLUSIONS.— Immunohistochemistry is an important adjunctive tool for select entities in dermatopathology and bone and soft tissue pathology, and it provides pathologists with valuable evidence of their behavior, underlying molecular alterations, and line of differentiation. Furthermore, immunostains targeting molecular abnormalities have the potential to replace current molecular methods. Many of these recently described stains demonstrate higher sensitivity and specificity; however, limitations and pitfalls still exist, and correlation with morphologic and clinical findings remains essential for diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Bourgeau
- the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (Bourgeau)
| | - Jerad M Gardner
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania (Gardner)
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3
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Patton A, Dermawan JK. Current updates in sarcoma biomarker discovery: emphasis on next-generation sequencing-based methods. Pathology 2024; 56:274-282. [PMID: 38185613 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2023.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas comprise a heterogeneous group of neoplasms. Although soft tissue malignancies make up only 2% of adult cancers, classification based on histomorphology presents a diagnostic challenge. Characterisation of soft tissue sarcomas by molecular analysis is rapidly evolving to improve diagnostic accuracy and develop targeted therapies. This review highlights the advances in molecular techniques, including current next-generation sequencing-based assays (fusion detection by RNA sequencing, targeted/whole exome sequencing, microRNA profiling), as well as emerging methods (liquid biopsies, DNA methylation profiling, single-cell molecular profiling and next-generation immunohistochemistry) for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Patton
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Josephine K Dermawan
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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4
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den Bakker MA, Weissferdt A. Neurogenic tumours of the posterior mediastinum and differential diagnosis considerations. Histopathology 2024; 84:238-252. [PMID: 37771117 DOI: 10.1111/his.15045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
The mediastinal compartment harbours vital organs and structures, including the heart, great vessels, major airways, and thymus. These structures are embedded in and associated with soft-tissue elements consisting of adipose and fibro-collagenous tissue in which soft-tissue tumours may develop. A detailed inventory of soft-tissue tumours that may be encountered in the mediastinum based on the WHO 2013 classification was published in 2015. In addition, several comprehensive reviews on mediastinal soft-tissue pathology are available, including reviews focusing specifically on a single tumour type. This review will focus on primary neurogenic and spindle cell tumours of the somatic soft tissue of the posterior mediastinum and provide a discussion of the pertinent differential diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A den Bakker
- Department of Pathology, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annikka Weissferdt
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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5
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Høland M, Berg KCG, Eilertsen IA, Bjerkehagen B, Kolberg M, Boye K, Lingjærde OC, Guren TK, Mandahl N, van den Berg E, Palmerini E, Smeland S, Picci P, Mertens F, Sveen A, Lothe RA. Transcriptomic subtyping of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours highlights immune signatures, genomic profiles, patient survival and therapeutic targets. EBioMedicine 2023; 97:104829. [PMID: 37837931 PMCID: PMC10585232 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour (MPNST) is an aggressive orphan disease commonly affecting adolescents or young adults. Current knowledge of molecular tumour biology has been insufficient for development of rational treatment strategies. We aimed to discover molecular subtypes of potential clinical relevance. METHODS Fresh frozen samples of MPNSTs (n = 94) and benign neurofibromas (n = 28) from 115 patients in a European multicentre study were analysed by DNA copy number and/or transcriptomic profiling. Unsupervised transcriptomic subtyping was performed and the subtypes characterized for genomic aberrations, clinicopathological associations and patient survival. FINDINGS MPNSTs were classified into two transcriptomic subtypes defined primarily by immune signatures and proliferative processes. "Immune active" MPNSTs (44%) had sustained immune signals relative to neurofibromas, were more frequently low-grade (P = 0.01) and had favourable prognostic associations in a multivariable model of disease-specific survival with clinicopathological factors (hazard ratio 0.25, P = 0.003). "Immune deficient" MPNSTs were more aggressive and characterized by proliferative signatures, high genomic complexity, aberrant TP53 and PRC2 loss, as well as high relative expression of several potential actionable targets (EGFR, ERBB2, EZH2, KIF11, PLK1, RRM2). Integrated gene-wise analyses suggested a DNA copy number-basis for proliferative transcriptomic signatures in particular, and the tumour copy number burden further stratified the transcriptomic subtypes according to patient prognosis (P < 0.01). INTERPRETATION Approximately half of MPNSTs belong to an "immune deficient" transcriptomic subtype associated with an aggressive disease course, PRC2 loss and expression of several potential therapeutic targets, providing a rationale for molecularly-guided intervention trials. FUNDING Research grants from non-profit organizations, as stated in the Acknowledgements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Høland
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kaja C G Berg
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ina A Eilertsen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bodil Bjerkehagen
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Matthias Kolberg
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Boye
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole Christian Lingjærde
- Department of Informatics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tormod K Guren
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nils Mandahl
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University and Regional Laboratories, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Eva van den Berg
- Department of Genetics, The University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Emanuela Palmerini
- Osteoncology, Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas and Innovative Therapies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sigbjørn Smeland
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Piero Picci
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fredrik Mertens
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University and Regional Laboratories, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anita Sveen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragnhild A Lothe
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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6
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Li L, Ma XK, Gao Y, Wang DC, Dong RF, Yan J, Zhang R. Clinicopathological study of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors in the head and neck: Case reports and review of literature. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:5910-5918. [PMID: 37727493 PMCID: PMC10506041 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i25.5910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is a rare and aggressive soft tissue sarcoma that poses a major diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. CASE SUMMARY We retrospectively reviewed patients with head and neck MPNSTs treated in our hospital from 2000 to 2021. The clinical features, pathological manifestations, treatments, and prognoses were summarized. We also reviewed the literature, focusing on MPNST in the mandible and maxilla. The study population consisted of five women and five men aged 22-75 years (mean age, 49 years). Of the 10 patients, 7 were initial cases and 3 were recurrent cases. All lesions were sporadic. The most common site was the mandible. The most frequently encountered symptoms were a progressive mass and local swelling. Complete or partial loss of trimethylation at lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27me3) was evident on staining in four of nine cases (one case was excluded due to lack of tissue for evaluation of loss of H3K27me3). The 2- and 5-year disease-specific survival rates were 86% and 43%, respectively. The average survival time was 64 mo. CONCLUSION MPNST is a highly malignant tumor with a poor prognosis, prone to a high risk of recurrence and distant metastasis. Complete surgical resection is the main treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100000, China
- Research Unit of Precision Pathologic Diagnosis in Tumors of the Oral and Maxillofacial Regions, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
- Department of Oral Pathology, Xiangya Stomalogical Hospital & School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Kun Ma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Stomatological Hospital, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100000, China
- Research Unit of Precision Pathologic Diagnosis in Tumors of the Oral and Maxillofacial Regions, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Dian-Can Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Rong-Fang Dong
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100000, China
- Research Unit of Precision Pathologic Diagnosis in Tumors of the Oral and Maxillofacial Regions, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100000, China
- Research Unit of Precision Pathologic Diagnosis in Tumors of the Oral and Maxillofacial Regions, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
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7
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Cortes-Ciriano I, Steele CD, Piculell K, Al-Ibraheemi A, Eulo V, Bui MM, Chatzipli A, Dickson BC, Borcherding DC, Feber A, Galor A, Hart J, Jones KB, Jordan JT, Kim RH, Lindsay D, Miller C, Nishida Y, Proszek PZ, Serrano J, Sundby RT, Szymanski JJ, Ullrich NJ, Viskochil D, Wang X, Snuderl M, Park PJ, Flanagan AM, Hirbe AC, Pillay N, Miller DT. Genomic Patterns of Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor (MPNST) Evolution Correlate with Clinical Outcome and Are Detectable in Cell-Free DNA. Cancer Discov 2023; 13:654-671. [PMID: 36598417 PMCID: PMC9983734 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-0786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST), an aggressive soft-tissue sarcoma, occurs in people with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and sporadically. Whole-genome and multiregional exome sequencing, transcriptomic, and methylation profiling of 95 tumor samples revealed the order of genomic events in tumor evolution. Following biallelic inactivation of NF1, loss of CDKN2A or TP53 with or without inactivation of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) leads to extensive somatic copy-number aberrations (SCNA). Distinct pathways of tumor evolution are associated with inactivation of PRC2 genes and H3K27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) status. Tumors with H3K27me3 loss evolve through extensive chromosomal losses followed by whole-genome doubling and chromosome 8 amplification, and show lower levels of immune cell infiltration. Retention of H3K27me3 leads to extensive genomic instability, but an immune cell-rich phenotype. Specific SCNAs detected in both tumor samples and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) act as a surrogate for H3K27me3 loss and immune infiltration, and predict prognosis. SIGNIFICANCE MPNST is the most common cause of death and morbidity for individuals with NF1, a relatively common tumor predisposition syndrome. Our results suggest that somatic copy-number and methylation profiling of tumor or cfDNA could serve as a biomarker for early diagnosis and to stratify patients into prognostic and treatment-related subgroups. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 517.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isidro Cortes-Ciriano
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher D. Steele
- Research Department of Pathology, University College London Cancer Institute, Bloomsbury, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Piculell
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alyaa Al-Ibraheemi
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vanessa Eulo
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Marilyn M. Bui
- Department of Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Aikaterini Chatzipli
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brendan C. Dickson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dana C. Borcherding
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Andrew Feber
- Clinical Genomics Translational Research, Institute of Cancer Research, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alon Galor
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jesse Hart
- Department of Pathology, Lifespan Laboratories, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Kevin B. Jones
- Departments of Orthopaedics and Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Justin T. Jordan
- Pappas Center for Neuro-oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Raymond H. Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Lindsay
- Department of Histopathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, NHS Trust, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Miller
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Yoshihiro Nishida
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Paula Z. Proszek
- Clinical Genomics Translational Research, Institute of Cancer Research, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Serrano
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Health, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York City, New York
| | - R. Taylor Sundby
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jeffrey J. Szymanski
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Nicole J. Ullrich
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Viskochil
- Division of Medical Genetics, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Xia Wang
- GeneHome, Department of Individualized Cancer Management, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Matija Snuderl
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Health, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York City, New York
| | - Peter J. Park
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Adrienne M. Flanagan
- Research Department of Pathology, University College London Cancer Institute, Bloomsbury, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Histopathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, NHS Trust, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Angela C. Hirbe
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Nischalan Pillay
- Research Department of Pathology, University College London Cancer Institute, Bloomsbury, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Histopathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, NHS Trust, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - David T. Miller
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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8
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Impact of Whole Genome Doubling on Detection of Circulating Tumor DNA in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041136. [PMID: 36831479 PMCID: PMC9954709 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a candidate biomarker of cancer with practice-changing potential in the detection of both early and residual disease. Disease stage and tumor size affect the probability of ctDNA detection, whereas little is known about the influence of other tumor characteristics on ctDNA detection. This study investigates the impact of tumor cell whole-genome doubling (WGD) on the detection of ctDNA in plasma collected preoperatively from newly diagnosed colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. METHODS WGD was estimated from copy numbers derived from whole-exome sequencing (WES) data of matched tumor and normal DNA from 833 Danish CRC patients. To explore if tumor WGD status impacts ctDNA detection, we applied tumor-informed ctDNA analysis to preoperative plasma samples from all patients. RESULTS Patients with WGD+ tumors had 53% increased odds of being ctDNA positive (OR = 1.53, 95%CI: 1.12-2.09). After stratification for UICC stage, the association persisted for Stage I (OR = 2.44, 95%CI: 1.22-5.03) and Stage II (OR = 1.76, 95%CI: 1.11-2.81) but not for Stage III (OR = 0.83, 95%CI: 0.44-1.53) patients. CONCLUSION The presence of WGD significantly increases the probability of detecting ctDNA, particularly for early-stage disease. In patients with more advanced disease, the benefit of WGD on ctDNA detection is less pronounced, consistent with increased DNA shedding from these tumors, making ctDNA detection less dependent on the amount of ctDNA released per tumor cell.
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9
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Orthopaedic Manifestations of Neurofibromatosis Type I. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2022; 30:e1495-e1503. [PMID: 36400059 DOI: 10.5435/jaaos-d-22-00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a congenital disease which is caused by mutations in the NF1 gene on chromosome 17, resulting in an altered function of the neurofibromin protein. Owing to the ubiquitous expression of this protein, this syndrome is associated with pathology in many organ systems of the body, especially the central and peripheral nervous, musculoskeletal, and integumentary systems. This review outlines the common sequelae related to a diagnosis of NF1 and the common treatment approach to each.
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10
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Suster D. Spindle cell tumors of the mediastinum. Ann Diagn Pathol 2022; 60:152018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2022.152018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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11
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Cross W, Lyskjær I, Lesluyes T, Hargreaves S, Strobl AC, Davies C, Waise S, Hames-Fathi S, Oukrif D, Ye H, Amary F, Tirabosco R, Gerrand C, Baker T, Barnes D, Steele C, Alexandrov L, Bond G, Cool P, Pillay N, Loo PV, Flanagan AM. A genetic model for central chondrosarcoma evolution correlates with patient outcome. Genome Med 2022; 14:99. [PMID: 36042521 PMCID: PMC9426036 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-022-01084-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central conventional chondrosarcoma (CS) is the most common subtype of primary malignant bone tumour in adults. Treatment options are usually limited to surgery, and prognosis is challenging. These tumours are characterised by the presence and absence of IDH1 and IDH2 mutations, and recently, TERT promoter alterations have been reported in around 20% of cases. The effect of these mutations on clinical outcome remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine if prognostic accuracy can be improved by the addition of genomic data, and specifically by examination of IDH1, IDH2, and TERT mutations. METHODS In this study, we combined both archival samples and data sourced from the Genomics England 100,000 Genomes Project (n = 356). Mutations in IDH1, IDH2, and TERT were profiled using digital droplet PCR (n = 346), whole genome sequencing (n=68), or both (n = 64). Complex events and other genetic features were also examined, along with methylation array data (n = 84). We correlated clinical features and patient outcomes with our genetic findings. RESULTS IDH2-mutant tumours occur in older patients and commonly present with high-grade or dedifferentiated disease. Notably, TERT mutations occur most frequently in IDH2-mutant tumours, although have no effect on survival in this group. In contrast, TERT mutations are rarer in IDH1-mutant tumours, yet they are associated with a less favourable outcome in this group. We also found that methylation profiles distinguish IDH1- from IDH2-mutant tumours. IDH wild-type tumours rarely exhibit TERT mutations and tend to be diagnosed in a younger population than those with tumours harbouring IDH1 and IDH2 mutations. A major genetic feature of this group is haploidisation and subsequent genome doubling. These tumours evolve less frequently to dedifferentiated disease and therefore constitute a lower risk group. CONCLUSIONS Tumours with IDH1 or IDH2 mutations or those that are IDHwt have significantly different genetic pathways and outcomes in relation to TERT mutation. Diagnostic testing for IDH1, IDH2, and TERT mutations could therefore help to guide clinical monitoring and prognostication.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Cross
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Research Department of Pathology, University College London, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Iben Lyskjær
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Research Department of Pathology, University College London, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK ,grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Medical Genomics Research Group, University College London, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Tom Lesluyes
- grid.451388.30000 0004 1795 1830The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Steven Hargreaves
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Research Department of Pathology, University College London, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Anna-Christina Strobl
- grid.416177.20000 0004 0417 7890Department of Histopathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
| | - Christopher Davies
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Research Department of Pathology, University College London, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK ,grid.416177.20000 0004 0417 7890Department of Histopathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
| | - Sara Waise
- grid.451388.30000 0004 1795 1830The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK ,grid.5491.90000 0004 1936 9297Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Shadi Hames-Fathi
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Research Department of Pathology, University College London, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Dahmane Oukrif
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Research Department of Pathology, University College London, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Hongtao Ye
- grid.416177.20000 0004 0417 7890Department of Histopathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
| | - Fernanda Amary
- grid.416177.20000 0004 0417 7890Department of Histopathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
| | - Roberto Tirabosco
- grid.416177.20000 0004 0417 7890Department of Histopathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
| | - Craig Gerrand
- grid.416177.20000 0004 0417 7890Bone Tumour Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
| | - Toby Baker
- grid.451388.30000 0004 1795 1830The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - David Barnes
- grid.6572.60000 0004 1936 7486Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Birmingham University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Christopher Steele
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Research Department of Pathology, University College London, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Ludmil Alexandrov
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Gareth Bond
- grid.6572.60000 0004 1936 7486Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Birmingham University, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Paul Cool
- grid.412943.90000 0001 0507 535XRobert Jones & Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oswestry, UK ,grid.9757.c0000 0004 0415 6205Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Nischalan Pillay
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Research Department of Pathology, University College London, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK ,grid.416177.20000 0004 0417 7890Department of Histopathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
| | - Peter Van Loo
- grid.451388.30000 0004 1795 1830The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Adrienne M. Flanagan
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Research Department of Pathology, University College London, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK ,grid.416177.20000 0004 0417 7890Department of Histopathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
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12
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Tekavec K, Švara T, Knific T, Mlakar J, Gombač M, Cantile C. Loss of H3K27me3 expression in canine nerve sheath tumors. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:921720. [PMID: 35968018 PMCID: PMC9372589 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.921720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerve sheath tumors (NSTs) are characterized by neoplastic proliferation of Schwann cells, perineurial cells, endoneurial and/or epineurial fibroblasts. Diagnosis of NST is often challenging, particularly in distinguishing malignant NST (MNST) from other soft tissue sarcomas, or sometimes between low-grade MNST and benign NST. Recent studies in human pathology have demonstrated loss of trimethylation at lysine 27 of histone 3 (H3K27me3) in a subset of MNSTs using immunohistochemistry. Loss of H3K27me3 expression is rare in other high-grade sarcomas and also appears to be useful in distinguishing benign and low-grade MNSTs from high-grade subsets. In our retrospective study, we performed H3K27me3 immunohistochemistry in 68 canine tumors previously diagnosed as NST. We detected loss of H3K27me3 expression in 25% (n = 17) of all canine NST, including one neurofibroma, whereas 49% (n = 33) of tumors had mosaic loss of expression and 26% (n = 18) retained expression. No statistically significant differences were found between H3K27me3 expression, histopathological features of tumors, and their immunoreactivity for Sox10, claudin-1, GFAP, and Ki67. Because the classification of canine NST is not yet fully established and its correlation with the prognosis and clinical course of the disease is lacking, prospective studies with possible genetic analyses are needed to assess the true diagnostic value of H3K27me3 loss in canine NST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Tekavec
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Pathology, Wild Animals, Fish and Bees, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- *Correspondence: Kristina Tekavec
| | - Tanja Švara
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Pathology, Wild Animals, Fish and Bees, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tanja Knific
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Food Safety, Feed and Environment, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Mlakar
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mitja Gombač
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Pathology, Wild Animals, Fish and Bees, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Carlo Cantile
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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13
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Zhang F, Luo H, Peng W, Wang L, Wang T, Xie Z, Zhang J, Dong W, Zheng X, Liu G, Zhu X, Kang Q, Tian X. Hypoxic condition induced H3K27me3 modification of the LncRNA Tmem235 promoter thus supporting apoptosis of BMSCs. Apoptosis 2022; 27:762-777. [PMID: 35779185 PMCID: PMC9482900 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-022-01747-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have strong regenerative potential and show good application prospects for treating clinical diseases. However, in the process of BMSC transplantation for treating ischemic and hypoxic diseases, BMSCs have high rates of apoptosis in the hypoxic microenvironment of transplantation, which significantly affects the transplantation efficacy. Our previous studies have confirmed the key role of long non-coding RNA Tmem235 (LncRNA Tmem235) in the process of hypoxia-induced BMSC apoptosis and its downstream regulatory mechanism, but the upstream mechanism by which hypoxia regulates LncRNA Tmem235 expression to induce BMSC apoptosis is still unclear. Under hypoxic conditions, we found that the level of LncRNA Tmem235 promoter histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation modification (H3K27me3) was significantly increased by CHIP-qPCR. Moreover, H3K27me3 cooperated with LncRNA Tmem235 promoter DNA methylation to inhibit the expression of LncRNA Tmem235 and promote apoptosis of BMSCs. To study the mechanism of hypoxia-induced modification of LncRNA Tmem235 promoter H3K27me3 in the hypoxia model of BMSCs, we detected the expression of H3K27 methylase and histone demethylase and found that only histone methylase enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) expression was significantly upregulated. Knockdown of EZH2 significantly decreased the level of H3K27me3 modification in the LncRNA Tmem235 promoter. The EZH2 promoter region contains a hypoxia-responsive element (HRE) that interacts with hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1α), which is overexpressed under hypoxic conditions, thereby promoting its overexpression. In summary, hypoxia promotes the modification of the LncRNA Tmem235 promoter H3K27me3 through the HIF-1α/EZH2 signaling axis, inhibits the expression of LncRNA Tmem235, and leads to hypoxic apoptosis of BMSCs. Our findings improve the regulatory mechanism of LncRNA Tmem235 during hypoxic apoptosis of BMSCs and provide a more complete theoretical pathway for targeting LncRNA to inhibit hypoxic apoptosis of BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Hong Luo
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Wuxun Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China. .,School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhihong Xie
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Wentao Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaohan Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Xuesong Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qinglin Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xiaobin Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China
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14
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Rossi S, Barresi S, Stracuzzi A, Lopez-Nunez O, Chiaravalli S, Ferrari A, Ciolfi A, Maria Milano G, Giovannoni I, Tartaglia M, Miele E, Alaggio R. DICER1-associated malignancies mimicking germ cell neoplasms: Report of two cases and review of the literature. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 225:153553. [PMID: 34329835 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
DICER1 syndrome is characterized by a unique combination of features and a growing list of associated rare tumors. Traditionally, gonadal or extra-gonadal teratomas have not been considered part of this spectrum, with only rare DICER1-related teratoid neoplasms recently reported. Besides, their methylation profiles remain elusive. We report two DICER1-associated malignancies involving the lumbar spine of a 22-year-old man (case 1) and the pelvic cavity of a 14-year-old girl (case 2). Both tumors exhibited teratoma-like features with a high-grade malignant somatic component, including rhabdomyosarcomatous elements for case 1 and a malignant neuroectodermal neoplasm with features of an embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes (ETMR) for case 2. Both tumors showed strong SALL4 expression and H3K27me3 loss by immunohistochemistry. Next-generation sequencing studies confirmed biallelic DICER1 mutations with additional pathogenic missense mutations in KRAS (case 1) and CTNNB1 (case 2). The methylation profile of case 1 clustered with DICER1-associated sarcomas, whereas case 2 classified as an ETMR (albeit low raw and calibrated score). In conclusion, we report two DICER1-related malignancies with teratoma-like features, further expanding their morphologic spectrum and highlighting the multipotentiality of their presumed cell of origin. Notably, we describe the first ETMR identified outside the CNS with a documented DICER1 biallelic inactivation. Our findings also highlight the potential role of other molecular alterations such as KRAS and CTNNB1 mutations in defining the phenotype of embryonal and primitive DICER1-associated neoplasms, a notion that deserves further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Rossi
- Pathology Unit, Department of Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy 00165
| | - Sabina Barresi
- Pathology Unit, Department of Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy 00165
| | - Alessandra Stracuzzi
- Pathology Unit, Department of Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy 00165
| | - Oscar Lopez-Nunez
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Stefano Chiaravalli
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Ferrari
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciolfi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy 00165
| | - Giuseppe Maria Milano
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS), Bambino Gesù Childrens' Hospital, Rome, Italy 00165
| | - Isabella Giovannoni
- Pathology Unit, Department of Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy 00165
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy 00165
| | - Evelina Miele
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS), Bambino Gesù Childrens' Hospital, Rome, Italy 00165
| | - Rita Alaggio
- Pathology Unit, Department of Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy 00165.
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15
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Lyskjær I, De Noon S, Tirabosco R, Rocha AM, Lindsay D, Amary F, Ye H, Schrimpf D, Stichel D, Sill M, Koelsche C, Pillay N, Von Deimling A, Beck S, Flanagan AM. DNA methylation-based profiling of bone and soft tissue tumours: a validation study of the 'DKFZ Sarcoma Classifier'. J Pathol Clin Res 2021; 7:350-360. [PMID: 33949149 PMCID: PMC8185366 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Diagnosing bone and soft tissue neoplasms remains challenging because of the large number of subtypes, many of which lack diagnostic biomarkers. DNA methylation profiles have proven to be a reliable basis for the classification of brain tumours and, following this success, a DNA methylation-based sarcoma classification tool from the Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ) in Heidelberg has been developed. In this study, we assessed the performance of their classifier on DNA methylation profiles of an independent data set of 986 bone and soft tissue tumours and controls. We found that the 'DKFZ Sarcoma Classifier' was able to produce a diagnostic prediction for 55% of the 986 samples, with 83% of these predictions concordant with the histological diagnosis. On limiting the validation to the 820 cases with histological diagnoses for which the DKFZ Classifier was trained, 61% of cases received a prediction, and the histological diagnosis was concordant with the predicted methylation class in 88% of these cases, findings comparable to those reported in the DKFZ Classifier paper. The classifier performed best when diagnosing mesenchymal chondrosarcomas (CHSs, 88% sensitivity), chordomas (85% sensitivity), and fibrous dysplasia (83% sensitivity). Amongst the subtypes least often classified correctly were clear cell CHSs (14% sensitivity), malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours (27% sensitivity), and pleomorphic liposarcomas (29% sensitivity). The classifier predictions resulted in revision of the histological diagnosis in six of our cases. We observed that, although a higher tumour purity resulted in a greater likelihood of a prediction being made, it did not correlate with classifier accuracy. Our results show that the DKFZ Classifier represents a powerful research tool for exploring the pathogenesis of sarcoma; with refinement, it has the potential to be a valuable diagnostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iben Lyskjær
- Research Department of PathologyUniversity College London, UCL Cancer InstituteLondonUK
- Medical Genomics Research GroupUniversity College London, UCL Cancer InstituteLondonUK
| | - Solange De Noon
- Research Department of PathologyUniversity College London, UCL Cancer InstituteLondonUK
- Department of HistopathologyRoyal National Orthopaedic HospitalStanmoreUK
| | - Roberto Tirabosco
- Department of HistopathologyRoyal National Orthopaedic HospitalStanmoreUK
| | - Ana Maia Rocha
- Research Department of PathologyUniversity College London, UCL Cancer InstituteLondonUK
- Department of HistopathologyRoyal National Orthopaedic HospitalStanmoreUK
| | - Daniel Lindsay
- Research Department of PathologyUniversity College London, UCL Cancer InstituteLondonUK
- Department of HistopathologyRoyal National Orthopaedic HospitalStanmoreUK
| | - Fernanda Amary
- Research Department of PathologyUniversity College London, UCL Cancer InstituteLondonUK
- Department of HistopathologyRoyal National Orthopaedic HospitalStanmoreUK
| | - Hongtao Ye
- Department of HistopathologyRoyal National Orthopaedic HospitalStanmoreUK
| | - Daniel Schrimpf
- Department of NeuropathologyUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Damian Stichel
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Martin Sill
- Hopp‐Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Christian Koelsche
- Department of NeuropathologyUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Department of General PathologyUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Nischalan Pillay
- Research Department of PathologyUniversity College London, UCL Cancer InstituteLondonUK
| | - Andreas Von Deimling
- Department of NeuropathologyUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Stephan Beck
- Medical Genomics Research GroupUniversity College London, UCL Cancer InstituteLondonUK
| | - Adrienne M Flanagan
- Research Department of PathologyUniversity College London, UCL Cancer InstituteLondonUK
- Department of HistopathologyRoyal National Orthopaedic HospitalStanmoreUK
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16
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Diagnostic Immunohistochemistry of Soft Tissue and Bone Tumors: An Update on Biomarkers That Correlate with Molecular Alterations. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11040690. [PMID: 33921435 PMCID: PMC8069362 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11040690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of benign and malignant soft tissue and bone neoplasms is a challenging area of surgical pathology, due to the large number, rarity, and histologic diversity of tumor types. In recent years, diagnosis and classification has been aided substantially by our growing understanding of recurrent molecular alterations in these neoplasms. Concurrently, the role of diagnostic immunohistochemistry has also expanded, with the development of numerous biomarkers based on underlying molecular events. Such biomarkers allow us to infer the presence of these events and can therefore substitute for other ancillary molecular genetic techniques (e.g., fluorescence in situ hybridization, polymerase chain reaction, and next-generation sequencing). In this review, we discuss a range of biomarkers currently available for these neoplasms, highlighting the accuracy, staining characteristics, and interpretation pitfalls of each antibody. These include immunohistochemical antibodies that represent reliable surrogates for the detection of gene fusions (e.g., STAT6, CAMTA1, FOSB, DDIT3) and more recently described breakpoint-specific antibodies (e.g., SS18-SSX, PAX3/7-FOXO1). Additionally, discussed are markers that correlate with the presence of gene amplifications (e.g., MDM2, CDK4), deletions (e.g., SMARCB1, SMARCA4), single nucleotide variants (e.g., G34W, K36M), aberrant methylation (H3K27me3), and increased expression as discovered through gene expression profiling (e.g., MUC4, DOG1, ETV4, NKX2.2, NKX3.1).
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17
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Kannan S, Lock I, Ozenberger BB, Jones KB. Genetic drivers and cells of origin in sarcomagenesis. J Pathol 2021; 254:474-493. [DOI: 10.1002/path.5617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarmishta Kannan
- Departments of Orthopaedics and Oncological Sciences Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine Salt Lake City UT USA
| | - Ian Lock
- Departments of Orthopaedics and Oncological Sciences Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine Salt Lake City UT USA
| | - Benjamin B Ozenberger
- Departments of Orthopaedics and Oncological Sciences Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine Salt Lake City UT USA
| | - Kevin B Jones
- Departments of Orthopaedics and Oncological Sciences Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine Salt Lake City UT USA
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