1
|
Rihani A, De Wilde B, Zeka F, Laureys G, Francotte N, Tonini GP, Coco S, Versteeg R, Noguera R, Schulte JH, Eggert A, Stallings RL, Speleman F, Vandesompele J, Van Maerken T. CASP8 SNP D302H (rs1045485) is associated with worse survival in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma patients. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114696. [PMID: 25502557 PMCID: PMC4263607 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroblastoma is a pediatric cancer that exhibits a wide clinical spectrum ranging from spontaneous regression in low-risk patients to fatal disease in high-risk patients. The identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may help explain the heterogeneity of neuroblastoma and assist in identifying patients at higher risk for poor survival. SNPs in the TP53 pathway are of special importance, as several studies have reported associations between TP53 pathway SNPs and cancer. Of note, less than 2% of neuroblastoma tumors have a TP53 mutation at diagnosis. Patients and Methods We selected 21 of the most frequently studied SNPs in the TP53 pathway and evaluated their association with outcome in 500 neuroblastoma patients using TaqMan allelic discrimination assays. Results and Conclusion We investigated the impact of 21 SNPs on overall survival, event-free survival, age at diagnosis, MYCN status, and stage of the disease in 500 neuroblastoma patients. A missense SNP in exon 10 of the CASP8 gene SNP D302H was associated with worse overall and event-free survival in patients with MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rihani
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bram De Wilde
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fjoralba Zeka
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geneviève Laureys
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nadine Francotte
- Département de pédiatrie, hémato-oncologie, SUHOPL- CHC (Service Universitaire d′HématoOncologie Pédiatrique Centre Hospitalier Chrétien) Espérance, St Nicolas Belgium
| | - Gian Paolo Tonini
- Neuroblastoma Laboratory, Onco/Hematology Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Pediatric Research Institute, Fondazione Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - Simona Coco
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino – IST (Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro), Genoa, Italy
| | - Rogier Versteeg
- Departement of Human Genetics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rosa Noguera
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Johannes H. Schulte
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Germany
- Translational Neuro-Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Haematology, University Children's Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Angelika Eggert
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Haematology, University Children's Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Raymond L. Stallings
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, and National Children′s Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Frank Speleman
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jo Vandesompele
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Van Maerken
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rihani A, Van Maerken T, De Wilde B, Zeka F, Laureys G, Norga K, Tonini GP, Coco S, Versteeg R, Noguera R, Schulte JH, Eggert A, Stallings RL, Speleman F, Vandesompele J. Lack of association between MDM2 promoter SNP309 and clinical outcome in patients with neuroblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014; 61:1867-70. [PMID: 24391119 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.24927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
While a polymorphism located within the promoter region of the MDM2 proto-oncogene, SNP309 (T > G), has previously been associated with increased risk and aggressiveness of neuroblastoma and other tumor entities, a protective effect has also been reported in certain other cancers. In this study, we evaluated the association of MDM2 SNP309 with outcome in 496 patients with neuroblastoma and its effect on MDM2 expression. No significant difference in overall or event-free survival was observed among patients with neuroblastoma with or without MDM2 SNP309. The presence of SNP309 does not affect MDM2 expression in neuroblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rihani
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
McDaniel LD, Maris JM. The promises and pitfalls of genetic epidemiologic approaches to pediatric cancers: lessons from MDM2. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014; 61:1717-8. [PMID: 24938213 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.25051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lee D McDaniel
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Han W, Zhou Y, Zhong R, Wu C, Song R, Liu L, Zou L, Qiao Y, Zhai K, Chang J, Huang L, Liu L, Lu X, Lou J, Yu D, Tan W, Zhang J, Wang H, Miao X. Functional polymorphisms in FAS/FASL system increase the risk of neuroblastoma in Chinese population. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71656. [PMID: 23951214 PMCID: PMC3741122 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The FAS and FASL system plays a substantial role in apoptosis and immune escape of cells. Three polymorphisms located in the promoter regions of FAS (-1377G/A and -670A/G) and FASL (-844T/C) have been shown to alter the transcriptional activity of the genes, respectively. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of these polymorphisms on the susceptibility of neuroblastoma in the Chinese population. A total of 203 patients with neuroblastoma and 411 controls were recruited in this case-control study. Polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was applied for genotyping. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate cancer risk by calculating odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). It was observed that significantly increased risks of neuroblastoma associated with FAS -1377G/A and FASL -844T/C polymorphisms, with ORs equal to 1.55 (95% CI, 1.10–2.20) for FAS -1377 A allele and 2.90 (95% CI, 2.04–4.12) for FASL -844CC genotype carriers compared with non-carriers, respectively. However, no association was found between the polymorphisms of FAS -670A/G and risk of neuroblastoma. In addition, the cumulative effect of FAS and FASL polymorphisms on risk of neuroblastoma was observed (P for trend = 2.502×10−10), with OR for the carriers of both FAS -1377A allele and FASL -844CC genotypes equaled to 3.95 (95% CI, 2.40–6.51). This work reveals that polymorphisms of FAS -1377G/A and FASL -844T/C but not FAS -670A/G are associated with risk of neuroblastoma in Chinese. These findings support the hypothesis that genetic polymorphism in FAS/FASL death system may influence individual susceptibility to neuroblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Han
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Children's Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuling Zhou
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Wu
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ranran Song
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Zou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Qiao
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kan Zhai
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Chang
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liming Huang
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Guangdong Key Lab of Molecular Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuzai Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiao Lou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dianke Yu
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Tan
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jinzhe Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Children's Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huanmin Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Children's Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (XM); (HW)
| | - Xiaoping Miao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail: (XM); (HW)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen L, Tweddle DA. p53, SKP2, and DKK3 as MYCN Target Genes and Their Potential Therapeutic Significance. Front Oncol 2012; 2:173. [PMID: 23226679 PMCID: PMC3508619 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2012.00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common extra-cranial solid tumor of childhood. Despite significant advances, it currently still remains one of the most difficult childhood cancers to cure, with less than 40% of patients with high-risk disease being long-term survivors. MYCN is a proto-oncogene implicated to be directly involved in neuroblastoma development. Amplification of MYCN is associated with rapid tumor progression and poor prognosis. Novel therapeutic strategies which can improve the survival rates whilst reducing the toxicity in these patients are therefore required. Here we discuss genes regulated by MYCN in neuroblastoma, with particular reference to p53, SKP2, and DKK3 and strategies that may be employed to target them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindi Chen
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University Newcastle, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
de Oliveira Reis AH, de Carvalho INSR, de Sousa Damasceno PB, Ferman SE, Lucena E, Lopez-Camelo JS, Seuánez HN, Vargas FR. Influence of MDM2 and MDM4 on development and survival in hereditary retinoblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59:39-43. [PMID: 22180099 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.24014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinoblastoma (RB) accounts for 3% of all childhood malignancies, with different incidences around the world. This malignancy results from loss-of-function of both RB1 alleles although other genes, like MDM2 and MDM4, have been proposed to be involved in tumor development. PROCEDURE We genotyped rs2279744T>G and rs937283A>G in MDM2, and rs4252668T>C and rs116197192G>A in MDM4, in 104 unrelated RB patients and 104 controls. Sixty-month survival Kaplan-Meier curves and χ(2)-tests were performed for estimating the putative effect of MDM2 and MDM4 alleles on disease progression and survival of RB patients. RESULTS MDM2 rs2279744G was significantly more frequent in controls, indicating an apparently protective effect on RB development. However, survival of patients who carried a constitutional RB1 mutation was significantly lower with rs2279744TG or GG than with rs2279744TT. Presence of rs2279744G and a constitutional RB1 mutation was sixfold more frequent in the 0-12 month age group than other age groups at onset of symptoms (P = 0.0401). MDM4 rs4252668C was present at a significantly higher frequency in controls while the frequency of MDM4 rs116197192G was significantly higher in RB patients, suggesting that this allele might increase the risk of developing RB. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that MDM2 and MDM4 polymorphisms may influence development and/or survival in RB.
Collapse
|
7
|
MDM2 regulates vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA stabilization in hypoxia. Mol Cell Biol 2011; 31:4928-37. [PMID: 21986500 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.06085-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) increases in cancer cells during hypoxia. Herein, we report that the MDM2 oncoprotein plays a role in hypoxia-mediated VEGF upregulation. In studying the characteristics of MDM2 and VEGF expression in neuroblastoma cells, we found that hypoxia induced significantly higher upregulation of both VEGF mRNA and protein in MDM2-positive cells than in the MDM2-negative cells, even in cells without wild-type (wt) p53. We found that hypoxia induced translocation of MDM2 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, which was associated with increased VEGF expression. Enforcing overexpression of cytoplasmic MDM2 by transfection of the mutant MDM2/166A enhanced expression of VEGF mRNA and protein production, even without hypoxia. The results of mechanistic studies demonstrated that the C-terminal RING domain of the MDM2 protein bound to the AU-rich sequence within the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of VEGF mRNA; this binding increased VEGF mRNA stability and translation. In addition, knockdown of MDM2 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) in MDM2-overexpressing cancer cells resulted in inhibition of VEGF protein production, cancer cell survival, and angiogenesis. Our results suggest that MDM2 plays a p53-independent role in the regulation of VEGF, which may promote tumor growth and metastasis.
Collapse
|
8
|
Wo X, Han D, Sun H, Liu Y, Meng X, Bai J, Chen F, Yu Y, Jin Y, Fu S. MDM2 SNP309 contributes to tumor susceptibility: a meta-analysis. J Genet Genomics 2011; 38:341-50. [PMID: 21867960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2011.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Revised: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The potentially functional polymorphism, SNP309, in the promoter region of MDM2 gene has been implicated in cancer risk, but individual published studies showed inconclusive results. To obtain a more precise estimate of the association between MDM2 SNP309 and risk of cancer, we performed a meta-analysis of 70 individual studies in 59 publications that included 26,160 cases with different types of tumors and 33,046 controls. Summary odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using fixed- and random-effects models when appropriate. Overall, the variant genotypes were associated with a significantly increased cancer risk for all cancer types in different genetic models (GG vs. TT: OR, 1.123; 95% CI, 1.056-1.193; GG/GT vs. TT: OR, 1.028; 95% CI, 1.006-1.050). In the stratified analyses, the increased risk remained for the studies of most types of cancers, Asian populations, and hospital- /population-based studies in different genetic models, whereas significantly decreased risk was found in prostate cancer (GG vs. TT: OR, 0.606; 95% CI, 0.407-0.903; GG/GT vs. TT: OR, 0.748; 95% CI, 0.579-0.968). In conclusion, the data of meta-analysis suggests that MDM2 SNP309 is a potential biomarker for cancer risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman Wo
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wan Y, Wu W, Yin Z, Guan P, Zhou B. MDM2 SNP309, gene-gene interaction, and tumor susceptibility: an updated meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2011; 11:208. [PMID: 21619694 PMCID: PMC3115916 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-11-208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 05/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The tumor suppressor gene p53 is involved in multiple cellular pathways including apoptosis, transcriptional control, and cell cycle regulation. In the last decade it has been demonstrated that the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at codon 72 of the p53 gene is associated with the risk for development of various neoplasms. MDM2 SNP309 is a single nucleotide T to G polymorphism located in the MDM2 gene promoter. From the time that this well-characterized functional polymorphism was identified, a variety of case-control studies have been published that investigate the possible association between MDM2 SNP309 and cancer risk. However, the results of the published studies, as well as the subsequent meta-analyses, remain contradictory. Methods To investigate whether currently published epidemiological studies can clarify the potential interaction between MDM2 SNP309 and the functional genetic variant in p53 codon72 (Arg72Pro) and p53 mutation status, we performed a meta-analysis of the risk estimate on 27,813 cases with various tumor types and 30,295 controls. Results The data we reviewed indicated that variant homozygote 309GG and heterozygote 309TG were associated with a significant increased risk of all tumor types (homozygote comparison: odds ratio (OR) = 1.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.13-1.37; heterozygote comparison: OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.03-1.17). We also found that the combination of GG and Pro/Pro, TG and Pro/Pro, GG and Arg/Arg significantly increased the risk of cancer (OR = 3.38, 95% CI = 1.77-6.47; OR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.26-2.81; OR = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.01-3.78, respectively). In a stratified analysis by tumor location, we also found a significant increased risk in brain, liver, stomach and uterus cancer (OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.06-2.03; OR = 2.24, 95%CI = 1.57-3.18; OR = 1.54, 95%CI = 1.04-2.29; OR = 1.34, 95%CI = 1.07-1.29, respectively). However, no association was seen between MDM2 SNP309 and tumor susceptibility in the stratified analysis by p53 mutation status (GG vs TT: OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 0.75-1.82 and TG vs TT: OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 0.89-1.34 for positive p53 mutation status; GG vs TT: OR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.72-1.25 and TG vs TT: OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 0.85-1.30 for negative p53 mutation status). Conclusions The analyses indicate that MDM2 SNP309 serves as a tumor susceptibility marker, and that there is an association between MDM2 SNP309 and p53 Arg72Pro regarding tumor susceptibility. Further studies that take into consideration environmental stresses and functional genetic variants in the p53-MDM2-related genes are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Patterson DM, Gao D, Trahan DN, Johnson BA, Ludwig A, Barbieri E, Chen Z, Diaz-Miron J, Vassilev L, Shohet JM, Kim ES. Effect of MDM2 and vascular endothelial growth factor inhibition on tumor angiogenesis and metastasis in neuroblastoma. Angiogenesis 2011; 14:255-66. [PMID: 21484514 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-011-9210-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common pediatric abdominal tumor and principally a p53 wild-type, highly vascular, aggressive tumor, with limited response to anti-VEGF therapies alone. MDM2 is a key inhibitor of p53 and a positive activator of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) activity with an important role in neuroblastoma pathogenesis. We hypothesized that concurrent inhibition of both MDM2 and VEGF signaling would have cooperative anti-tumor effects, potentiating anti-angiogenic strategies for neuroblastoma and other p53 wild-type tumors. We orthotopically implanted SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells into nude mice (n = 40) and treated as follows: control, bevacizumab, Nutlin-3a, combination of bevacizumab plus Nutlin-3a. Expression of HIF-1α and VEGF were measured by qPCR, Western blot, and ELISA. Tumor apoptosis was measured by immunohistochemistry and caspase assay. Angiogenesis was evaluated by immunohistochemistry for vascular markers (CD-31, type-IV collagen, αSMA). Both angiogenesis and metastatic burden were digitally quantified. In vitro, Nutlin-3a suppresses HIF-1α expression with subsequent downregulation of VEGF. Bevacizumab plus Nutlin-3a leads to significant suppression of tumor growth compared to control (P < 0.01) or either agent alone. Combination treated xenograft tumors display a marked decrease in endothelial cells (P < 0.0001), perivascular basement membrane (P < 0.04), and vascular mural cells (P < 0.004). Nutlin-3a alone and in combination with bevacizumab leads to significant tumor apoptosis (P < 0.0001 for both) and significant decrease in incidence of metastasis (P < 0.05) and metastatic burden (P < 0.03). Bevacizumab plus Nutlin-3a cooperatively inhibits tumor growth and angiogenesis in neuroblastoma in vivo with dramatic effects on tumor vascularity. Concomitantly targeting VEGF and p53 pathways potently suppresses tumor growth, and these results support further clinical development of this approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Patterson
- Michael E. Debakey Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, 77030, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xu H, Cheung IY, Wei XX, Tran H, Gao X, Cheung NKV. Checkpoint kinase inhibitor synergizes with DNA-damaging agents in G1 checkpoint-defective neuroblastoma. Int J Cancer 2011; 129:1953-62. [PMID: 21154747 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Checkpoint kinase inhibitors can enhance the cancer killing action of DNA-damaging chemotherapeutic agents by disrupting the S/G(2) cell cycle checkpoints. The in vitro and in vivo effects of the Chk1/2 inhibitor AZD7762 when combined with these agents were examined using neuroblastoma cell lines with known p53/MDM2/p14(ARF) genomic status. Four of four p53 mutant lines and three of five MDM2/p14(ARF) abnormal lines were defective in G(1) checkpoint, correlating with failure to induce endogenous p21 after treatment with DNA-damaging agents. In cytotoxicity assays, these G(1) checkpoint-defective lines were more resistant to DNA-damaging agents when compared to G(1) checkpoint intact lines, yet becoming more sensitive when AZD7762 was added. Moreover, AZD7762 abrogated DNA damage-induced S/G(2) checkpoint arrest both in vitro and in vivo. In xenograft models, a significant delay in tumor growth accompanied by histological evidence of increased apoptosis was observed, when AZD7762 was added to the DNA-damaging drug gemcitabine. These results suggest a therapeutic potential of combination therapy using checkpoint kinase inhibitor and chemotherapy to reverse or prevent drug resistance in treating neuroblastomas with defective G(1) checkpoints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Parodi S, Perfumo C, Garaventa A, Inga A, Mazzocco K, Defferrari R, Tonini GP, Fronza G, Haupt R. MDM2 SNP309 genotype is associated with ferritin and LDH serum levels in children with stage 4 neuroblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010; 55:267-72. [PMID: 20232446 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.22477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MDM2 SNP309, characterised by a T-to-G substitution in the MDM2 promoter, is associated with higher gene expression compared to wild type and was recently found to be a negative prognostic factor for patients with stage 4 neuroblastoma (NB), but not for children with localised disease. This polymorphism was not associated with any clinical or genetic tumour characteristics, including MYCN amplification and 1p chromosome deletion. PROCEDURE To better define the involvement of MDM2 SNP309 in NB, we explored its association with the main biochemical tumour markers, namely urinary concentrations of vanillyl mandelic acid (VMA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) and blood concentrations of ferritin and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). A cohort of 497 NB children, enrolled in the Italian Neuroblastoma Registry between January 1985 and December 2005 and previously investigated for the prognostic role of MDM2 SNP309, was considered for this study. RESULTS VMA and HVA concentrations as well as HVA/VMA ratio were not affected by the MDM2 SNP309 genotype. Ferritin and LDH concentrations were significantly lower in TT than in TG/GG only in patients with stage 4 disease (P = 0.007 and 0.015, respectively). No association emerged in patients with localised disease. These findings were not affected by confounding from clinical or biological characteristics. CONCLUSIONS The association between MDM2 SNP309 and both ferritin and LDH in patients with stage 4 disease confirms the prognostic role of this polymorphism. The results suggest that the MDM2 SNP309 genotype can impact on tumour responses to hypoxia and might play an important role in the alteration of energetic metabolism in NB cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Parodi
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Section, Scientific Directorate, G. Gaslini Children's Hospital, Genova, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Aplenc R. Steps forward in neuroblastoma genetic epidemiology. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010; 55:222-3. [PMID: 20582945 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.22579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Aplenc
- Pediatric Oncology/Stem Cell Transplant, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shi Y, Takenobu H, Kurata K, Yamaguchi Y, Yanagisawa R, Ohira M, Koike K, Nakagawara A, Jiang LL, Kamijo T. HDM2 impairs Noxa transcription and affects apoptotic cell death in a p53/p73-dependent manner in neuroblastoma. Eur J Cancer 2010; 46:2324-34. [PMID: 20591651 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2010.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Revised: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 05/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
HDM2, a human homologue of MDM2, is a major negative regulator of p53 function, and increased expression of HDM2 by its promoter polymorphism SNP309 resulted in p53 inactivation and an increased risk of several tumours, including neuroblastoma (NB). Herein, we show that increased expression of HDM2 is related to a worse prognosis in MYCN-amplified NB patients. HDM2 plays an important role in the expression of Noxa, a pro-apoptotic molecule of the Bcl-2 family, which induces NB cell apoptotic death after doxorubcin (Doxo) treatment. Knockdown of HDM2 by siRNA resulted in the upregulation of Noxa at mRNA/protein levels and improved the sensitivity of Doxo-resistant NB cells, although these were not observed in p53-mutant NB cells. Noxa-knockdown abolished the recovered Doxo-induced cell death by HDM2 reduction. Intriguingly, resistance to Doxo was up-regulated by over-expression of HDM2 in Doxo-sensitive NB cells. By HDM2 expression, p53 was inactivated but its degradation was not accelerated, suggesting that p53 was degraded in a proteasome-independent manner in NB cells; downstream effectors of p53, p21(Cip1/Waf1) and Noxa were suppressed by HDM2. Noxa transcription was considerably regulated by both p53 and p73 in NB cells. Furthermore, in vivo binding of p53 and p73 to Noxa promoter was suppressed and Noxa promoter activation was inhibited by HDM2. Taken together, our results may indicate that the HDM2-related resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs of NB is regulated by p53/p73-dependent Noxa expression in NB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Shi
- Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona, Chuoh-ku, Chiba 260-8717, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Carr-Wilkinson J, O' Toole K, Wood KM, Challen CC, Baker AG, Board JR, Evans L, Cole M, Cheung NKV, Boos J, Köhler G, Leuschner I, Pearson AD, Lunec J, Tweddle DA. High Frequency of p53/MDM2/p14ARF Pathway Abnormalities in Relapsed Neuroblastoma. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:1108-18. [PMID: 20145180 PMCID: PMC2842933 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-1865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Most neuroblastomas initially respond to therapy but many relapse with chemoresistant disease. p53 mutations are rare in diagnostic neuroblastomas, but we have previously reported inactivation of the p53/MDM2/p14(ARF) pathway in 9 of 17 (53%) neuroblastoma cell lines established at relapse. HYPOTHESIS Inactivation of the p53/MDM2/p14(ARF) pathway develops during treatment and contributes to neuroblastoma relapse. METHODS Eighty-four neuroblastomas were studied from 41 patients with relapsed neuroblastoma including 38 paired neuroblastomas at different stages of therapy. p53 mutations were detected by automated sequencing, p14(ARF) methylation and deletion by methylation-specific PCR and duplex PCR, respectively, and MDM2 amplification by fluorescent in situ hybridization. RESULTS Abnormalities in the p53 pathway were identified in 20 of 41 (49%) cases. Downstream defects due to inactivating missense p53 mutations were identified in 6 of 41 (15%) cases, 5 following chemotherapy and/or at relapse and 1 at diagnosis, postchemotherapy, and relapse. The presence of a p53 mutation was independently prognostic for overall survival (hazard ratio, 3.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-9.9; P = 0.02). Upstream defects were present in 35% of cases: MDM2 amplification in 3 cases, all at diagnosis and relapse and p14(ARF) inactivation in 12 of 41 (29%) cases: 3 had p14(ARF) methylation, 2 after chemotherapy, and 9 had homozygous deletions, 8 at diagnosis and relapse. CONCLUSIONS These results show that a high proportion of neuroblastomas which relapse have an abnormality in the p53 pathway. The majority have upstream defects suggesting that agents which reactivate wild-type p53 would be beneficial, in contrast to those with downstream defects in which p53-independent therapies are indicated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kieran O' Toole
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University
| | - Katrina M. Wood
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle
| | | | | | | | - Laura Evans
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University
| | - Michael Cole
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University
| | | | | | | | - Ivo Leuschner
- Department of Pathology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - John Lunec
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University
| | | |
Collapse
|