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Jia N, Zhang B, Huo Z, Qin J, Ji Q, Geng Y. Binding patterns of inhibitors to different pockets of kinesin Eg5. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 756:109998. [PMID: 38641233 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.109998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
The kinesin-5 family member, Eg5, plays very important role in the mitosis. As a mitotic protein, Eg5 is the target of various mitotic inhibitors. There are two targeting pockets in the motor domain of Eg5, which locates in the α2/L5/α3 region and the α4/α6 region respectively. We investigated the interactions between the different inhibitors and the two binding pockets of Eg5 by using all-atom molecular dynamics method. Combined the conformational analysis with the free-energy calculation, the binding patterns of inhibitors to the two binding pockets are shown. The α2/L5/α3 pocket can be divided into 4 regions. The structures and binding conformations of inhibitors in region 1 and 2 are highly conserved. The shape of α4/α6 pocket is alterable. The space of this pocket in ADP-binding state of Eg5 is larger than that in ADP·Pi-binding state due to the limitation of a hydrogen bond formed in the ADP·Pi-binding state. The results of this investigation provide the structural basis of the inhibitor-Eg5 interaction and offer a reference for the Eg5-targeted drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Jia
- School of Science, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China; Institute of Biophysics, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Bingbing Zhang
- School of Health Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China; Institute of Biophysics, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Ziling Huo
- School of Health Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China; Institute of Biophysics, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyu Qin
- College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou, China
| | - Qing Ji
- School of Science, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China; Institute of Biophysics, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yizhao Geng
- School of Science, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China; Institute of Biophysics, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China.
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2
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Ruiz J, Kelly RK, Aplenc R, Laetsch TW, Seif AE. Absolute neutrophil count clinical trial eligibility criteria for pediatric oncology phase I and phase I/II trials by sponsorship. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2024; 71:e30925. [PMID: 38409529 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Normal absolute neutrophil count (ANC) variations, as seen with Duffy-null associated neutrophil count (DANC), are not accounted for in trial eligibility, which may contribute to racial enrollment disparities. We describe ANC eligibility for pediatric oncology phase I/II clinical trials according to primary sponsorship from 2010 to 2023 using ClinicalTrials.gov. Out of 438 trials, 20% were industry-sponsored. Total 17% of trials required ANC ≥1500 cells/μL for enrollment; however, industry-sponsored trials were significantly more likely to require ANC ≥1500 cells/μL than non-industry-sponsored trials (odds ratio 2.53, 95% confidence interval: 1.39-4.62; p < .001). These data suggest laboratory exclusion criteria are one possible mechanism for pediatric clinical trial enrollment disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Ruiz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rebecca K Kelly
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Richard Aplenc
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Theodore W Laetsch
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alix E Seif
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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3
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Hosea R, Hillary S, Naqvi S, Wu S, Kasim V. The two sides of chromosomal instability: drivers and brakes in cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:75. [PMID: 38553459 PMCID: PMC10980778 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01767-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of cancer and is associated with tumor cell malignancy. CIN triggers a chain reaction in cells leading to chromosomal abnormalities, including deviations from the normal chromosome number or structural changes in chromosomes. CIN arises from errors in DNA replication and chromosome segregation during cell division, leading to the formation of cells with abnormal number and/or structure of chromosomes. Errors in DNA replication result from abnormal replication licensing as well as replication stress, such as double-strand breaks and stalled replication forks; meanwhile, errors in chromosome segregation stem from defects in chromosome segregation machinery, including centrosome amplification, erroneous microtubule-kinetochore attachments, spindle assembly checkpoint, or defective sister chromatids cohesion. In normal cells, CIN is deleterious and is associated with DNA damage, proteotoxic stress, metabolic alteration, cell cycle arrest, and senescence. Paradoxically, despite these negative consequences, CIN is one of the hallmarks of cancer found in over 90% of solid tumors and in blood cancers. Furthermore, CIN could endow tumors with enhanced adaptation capabilities due to increased intratumor heterogeneity, thereby facilitating adaptive resistance to therapies; however, excessive CIN could induce tumor cells death, leading to the "just-right" model for CIN in tumors. Elucidating the complex nature of CIN is crucial for understanding the dynamics of tumorigenesis and for developing effective anti-tumor treatments. This review provides an overview of causes and consequences of CIN, as well as the paradox of CIN, a phenomenon that continues to perplex researchers. Finally, this review explores the potential of CIN-based anti-tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rendy Hosea
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Sharon Hillary
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Sumera Naqvi
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Shourong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
| | - Vivi Kasim
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
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Gao W, Lu J, Yang Z, Li E, Cao Y, Xie L. Mitotic Functions and Characters of KIF11 in Cancers. Biomolecules 2024; 14:386. [PMID: 38672404 PMCID: PMC11047945 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitosis mediates the accurate separation of daughter cells, and abnormalities are closely related to cancer progression. KIF11, a member of the kinesin family, plays a vital role in the formation and maintenance of the mitotic spindle. Recently, an increasing quantity of data have demonstrated the upregulated expression of KIF11 in various cancers, promoting the emergence and progression of cancers. This suggests the great potential of KIF11 as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target. However, the molecular mechanisms of KIF11 in cancers have not been systematically summarized. Therefore, we first discuss the functions of the protein encoded by KIF11 during mitosis and connect the abnormal expression of KIF11 with its clinical significance. Then, we elucidate the mechanism of KIF11 to promote various hallmarks of cancers. Finally, we provide an overview of KIF11 inhibitors and outline areas for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yufei Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (W.G.); (J.L.); (Z.Y.); (E.L.)
| | - Lei Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (W.G.); (J.L.); (Z.Y.); (E.L.)
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Turaga SM, Vishwakarma V, Hembruff SL, Gibbs BK, Sabu P, Puri RV, Pathak HB, Samuel G, Godwin AK. Inducing Mitotic Catastrophe as a Therapeutic Approach to Improve Outcomes in Ewing Sarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4911. [PMID: 37894278 PMCID: PMC10605681 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15204911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (EWS) is an aggressive pediatric malignancy of the bone and soft tissues in need of novel therapeutic options. To identify potential therapeutic targets, we focused on essential biological pathways that are upregulated by EWS-FLI1, the primary oncogenic driver of EWS, including mitotic proteins such as Aurora kinase A (AURKA) and kinesin family member 15 (KIF15) and its binding partner, targeting protein for Xklp2 (TPX2). KIF15/TPX2 cooperates with KIF11, a key mitotic kinesin essential for mitotic spindle orientation. Given the lack of clinical-grade KIF15/TPX2 inhibitors, we chose to target KIF11 (using SB-743921) in combination with AURKA (using VIC-1911) given that phosphorylation of KIF15S1169 by Aurora A is required for its targeting to the spindle. In vitro, the drug combination demonstrated strong synergy (Bliss score ≥ 10) at nanomolar doses. Colony formation assay revealed significant reduction in plating efficiency (1-3%) and increased percentage accumulation of cells in the G2/M phase with the combination treatment (45-52%) upon cell cycle analysis, indicating mitotic arrest. In vivo studies in EWS xenograft mouse models showed significant tumor reduction and overall effectiveness: drug combination vs. vehicle control (p ≤ 0.01), SB-743921 (p ≤ 0.01) and VIC-1911 (p ≤ 0.05). Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated superior overall survival with the combination compared to vehicle or monotherapy arms (p ≤ 0.0001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya M. Turaga
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (S.M.T.); (V.V.); (B.K.G.); (R.V.P.); (H.B.P.)
| | - Vikalp Vishwakarma
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (S.M.T.); (V.V.); (B.K.G.); (R.V.P.); (H.B.P.)
| | - Stacey L. Hembruff
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (S.L.H.); (P.S.)
| | - Benjamin K. Gibbs
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (S.M.T.); (V.V.); (B.K.G.); (R.V.P.); (H.B.P.)
| | - Priya Sabu
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (S.L.H.); (P.S.)
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Rajni V. Puri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (S.M.T.); (V.V.); (B.K.G.); (R.V.P.); (H.B.P.)
| | - Harsh B. Pathak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (S.M.T.); (V.V.); (B.K.G.); (R.V.P.); (H.B.P.)
- Kansas Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Glenson Samuel
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA;
| | - Andrew K. Godwin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (S.M.T.); (V.V.); (B.K.G.); (R.V.P.); (H.B.P.)
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (S.L.H.); (P.S.)
- Kansas Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, MS 3040, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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Chamariya R, Suvarna V. Role of KSP inhibitors as anti-cancer therapeutics: an update. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2022; 22:2517-2538. [PMID: 35043768 DOI: 10.2174/1871520622666220119093105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Regardless of the growing discovery of anticancer treatments, targeting cancer-specific pathways, cytotoxic therapy still maintained its abundant clinical significance based on the fact that tumours harbour a greater population of actively dividing cells than normal tissues. Conventional anti-mitotic agents or microtubule poisons acting on the major mitotic spindle protein tubulin have been effectively used in clinical settings for cancer chemotherapy over the last three decades. However, use of these drugs is associated with limited clinical utility due to serious side effects such as debilitating and dose-limiting peripheral neuropathy, myelosuppression, drug resistance and allergic reactions. Therefore, research initiatives have been undertaken to develop novel microtubule motor proteins inhibitors that can potentially circumvent the limitations associated with conventional microtubule poisons. Kinesin spindle proteins (KSP) belonging to the kinesin-5 family play a crucial role during mitosis and unregulated cell proliferation. Several evidences from preclinical studies and different phases of clinical trials have presented kinesin spindle protein as a promising target for cancer therapeutics. kinesin spindle protein inhibitors causing mitosis disruption without interfering with microtubule dynamics in non-dividing cells offer a potential therapeutic alternative for the management of several major cancer types and are devoid of side effects associated with classical anti-mitotic drugs. This review summarizes recent data highlighting progress in the discovery of targeted KSP inhibitors and presents the development of scaffolds, structure-activity relationships, and outcomes of biological, and enzyme inhibition studies. We reviewed the recent literature reports published over last decade, using various electronic database searches such as PubMed, Embase, Medline, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Clinical trial data till 2021 was retrieved from ClinicalTrial.gov. Major chemical classes developed as selective KSP inhibitors include dihydropyrimidines, β-carbolines, carbazoles, benzimidazoles, fused aryl derivatives, pyrimidines, fused pyrimidines, quinazolines, quinolones, thiadiazolines, spiropyran and azobenzenes. Drugs such as filanesib, litronesib, ispinesib have entered clinical trials, the most advanced phase explored being Phase II. KSP inhibitors have exhibited promising results; however, continued exploration is greatly required to establish the clinical potential of KSP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinkal Chamariya
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai - 400056, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vasanti Suvarna
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai - 400056, Maharashtra, India
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Novais P, Silva PMA, Amorim I, Bousbaa H. Second-Generation Antimitotics in Cancer Clinical Trials. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1011. [PMID: 34371703 PMCID: PMC8309102 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitosis represents a promising target to block cancer cell proliferation. Classical antimitotics, mainly microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs), such as taxanes and vinca alkaloids, are amongst the most successful anticancer drugs. By disrupting microtubules, they activate the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), which induces a prolonged delay in mitosis, expected to induce cell death. However, resistance, toxicity, and slippage limit the MTA's effectiveness. With the desire to overcome some of the MTA's limitations, mitotic and SAC components have attracted great interest as promising microtubule-independent targets, leading to the so-called second-generation antimitotics (SGAs). The identification of inhibitors against most of these targets, and the promising outcomes achieved in preclinical assays, has sparked the interest of academia and industry. Many of these inhibitors have entered clinical trials; however, they exhibited limited efficacy as monotherapy, and failed to go beyond phase II trials. Combination therapies are emerging as promising strategies to give a second chance to these SGAs. Here, an updated view of the SGAs that reached clinical trials is here provided, together with future research directions, focusing on inhibitors that target the SAC components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Novais
- CESPU, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (IINFACTS), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (P.N.); (P.M.A.S.)
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia M. A. Silva
- CESPU, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (IINFACTS), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (P.N.); (P.M.A.S.)
| | - Isabel Amorim
- GreenUPorto (Sustainable Agrifood Production) Research Center, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Hassan Bousbaa
- CESPU, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (IINFACTS), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (P.N.); (P.M.A.S.)
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Elghetany MT, Ho JM, Shi-Qi LH, Karthik S, Su JMF, Lin Q, Du Y, Shen J, Chow WY, Lau CC, Adesina A, Major A, Erdreich-Epstein A, Hui KM, Li XN, Teo WY. Maximizing the potential of aggressive mouse tumor models in preclinical drug testing. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11580. [PMID: 34079014 PMCID: PMC8172610 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91167-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) is an aggressive embryonal brain tumor among infants and young children. Two challenges exist for preclinical testing in ATRT. First, genetically quiet, ATRT is a difficult tumor to target molecularly. Tumor cells need to divide to propagate tumor growth—intercepting the common crossroads in cell cycle progression is a feasible strategy. KIF11 is needed for bipolar spindle formation in metaphase. We identified KIF11 as a universal target of all ATRT-molecular-subtypes. Ispinesib, a KIF11-inhibitor, effectively inhibited tumor proliferation in all seven cell lines. A second challenge—a major challenge in preclinical drug testing in-vivo among aggressive tumor models, is the narrow therapeutic window to administer drugs within the limited murine lifespan. Our most aggressive ATRT tumor model was lethal in all mice within ~ 1 month of tumor implantation. Such short-surviving mouse models are difficult to employ for preclinical drug testing due to the narrow time window to administer drugs. To overcome this time restriction, we developed a clinical staging system which allowed physically-fit mice to continue treatment, in contrast to the conventional method of fixed drug-dose-duration regimen in preclinical testing which will not be feasible in such short-surviving mouse models. We validated this approach in a second embryonal brain tumor, medulloblastoma. This is a clinically relevant, cost-efficient approach in preclinical testing for cancer and non-cancer disease phenotypes. Widely used preclinical mouse models are not the most accurate and lack the aggressive tumor spectrum found within a single tumor type. Mice bearing the most aggressive tumor spectrum progress rapidly in the limited murine life-span, resulting in a narrow therapeutic window to administer drugs, and are thus difficult to employ in preclinical testing. Our approach overcomes this challenge. We discovered ispinesib is efficacious against two embryonal brain tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tarek Elghetany
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jia-Min Ho
- Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Office, SingHealth-Duke-NUS Academic Medical Center, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lois Hew Shi-Qi
- Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Office, SingHealth-Duke-NUS Academic Medical Center, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sekar Karthik
- Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jack M F Su
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qi Lin
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - YuChen Du
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jianhe Shen
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wing-Yuk Chow
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ching C Lau
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Connecticut Children's Medical Center, The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, USA
| | - Adekunle Adesina
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Angela Major
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anat Erdreich-Epstein
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, and the Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kam-Man Hui
- Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiao-Nan Li
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wan-Yee Teo
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Office, SingHealth-Duke-NUS Academic Medical Center, Singapore, Singapore. .,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. .,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. .,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore. .,Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore. .,KK Women's & Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
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Discovery of novel candidates for anti-liposarcoma therapies by medium-scale high-throughput drug screening. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248140. [PMID: 33690666 PMCID: PMC7946228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of mesenchymal orphan cancers and new treatment alternatives beyond traditional chemotherapeutic regimes are much needed. So far, tumor mutation analysis has not led to significant treatment advances, and we have attempted to bypass this limitation by performing direct drug testing of a library of 353 anti-cancer compounds that are either FDA-approved, in clinical trial, or in advanced stages of preclinical development on a panel of 13 liposarcoma cell lines. We identified and validated six drugs, targeting different mechanisms and with good efficiency across the cell lines: MLN2238 –a proteasome inhibitor, GSK2126458 –a PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, JNJ-26481585 –a histone deacetylase inhibitor, triptolide–a multi-target drug, YM155 –a survivin inhibitor, and APO866 (FK866)–a nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase inhibitor. GR50s for those drugs were mostly in the nanomolar range, and in many cases below 10 nM. These drugs had long-lasting effect upon drug withdrawal, limited toxicity to normal cells and good efficacy also against tumor explants. Finally, we identified potential genomic biomarkers of their efficacy. Being approved or in clinical trials, these drugs are promising candidates for liposarcoma treatment.
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Gampa G, Kenchappa RS, Mohammad AS, Parrish KE, Kim M, Crish JF, Luu A, West R, Hinojosa AQ, Sarkaria JN, Rosenfeld SS, Elmquist WF. Enhancing Brain Retention of a KIF11 Inhibitor Significantly Improves its Efficacy in a Mouse Model of Glioblastoma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6524. [PMID: 32300151 PMCID: PMC7162859 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63494-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma, the most lethal primary brain cancer, is extremely proliferative and invasive. Tumor cells at tumor/brain-interface often exist behind a functionally intact blood-brain barrier (BBB), and so are shielded from exposure to therapeutic drug concentrations. An ideal glioblastoma treatment needs to engage targets that drive proliferation as well as invasion, with brain penetrant therapies. One such target is the mitotic kinesin KIF11, which can be inhibited with ispinesib, a potent molecularly-targeted drug. Although, achieving durable brain exposures of ispinesib is critical for adequate tumor cell engagement during mitosis, when tumor cells are vulnerable, for efficacy. Our results demonstrate that the delivery of ispinesib is restricted by P-gp and Bcrp efflux at BBB. Thereby, ispinesib distribution is heterogeneous with concentrations substantially lower in invasive tumor rim (intact BBB) compared to glioblastoma core (disrupted BBB). We further find that elacridar—a P-gp and Bcrp inhibitor—improves brain accumulation of ispinesib, resulting in remarkably reduced tumor growth and extended survival in a rodent model of glioblastoma. Such observations show the benefits and feasibility of pairing a potentially ideal treatment with a compound that improves its brain accumulation, and supports use of this strategy in clinical exploration of cell cycle-targeting therapies in brain cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautham Gampa
- Brain Barriers Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Afroz S Mohammad
- Brain Barriers Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Karen E Parrish
- Brain Barriers Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Minjee Kim
- Brain Barriers Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - James F Crish
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Amanda Luu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Rita West
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Jann N Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - William F Elmquist
- Brain Barriers Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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11
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Algarín EM, Hernández-García S, Garayoa M, Ocio EM. Filanesib for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2019; 29:5-14. [DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2020.1703179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Susana Hernández-García
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC-CSIC-USAL), University Hospital of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Mercedes Garayoa
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC-CSIC-USAL), University Hospital of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Enrique M. Ocio
- University Hospital Marques de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
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12
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Indorato RL, Talapatra SK, Lin F, Haider S, Mackay SP, Kozielski F, Skoufias DA. Is the Fate of Clinical Candidate Arry-520 Already Sealed? Predicting Resistance in Eg5–Inhibitor Complexes. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:2394-2406. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Mitchell D, Chintala S, Fetcko K, Henriquez M, Tewari BN, Ahmed A, Bentley RT, Dey M. Common Molecular Alterations in Canine Oligodendroglioma and Human Malignant Gliomas and Potential Novel Therapeutic Targets. Front Oncol 2019; 9:780. [PMID: 31475119 PMCID: PMC6702544 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous canine (Canis lupus) oligodendroglioma (ODG) holds tremendous potential as an immunocompetent large animal model of human malignant gliomas (MG). However, the feasibility of utilizing this model in pre-clinical studies depends on a thorough understanding of the similarities and differences of the molecular pathways associated with gliomas between the two species. We have previously shown that canine ODG has an immune landscape and expression pattern of commonly described oncogenes similar to that of human MG. In the current study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of canine ODG RNAseq data from 4 dogs with ODG and 2 normal controls to identify highly dysregulated genes in canine tumors. We then evaluated the expression of these genes in human MG using Xena Browser, a publicly available database. STRING-database inquiry was used in order to determine the suggested protein associations of these differentially expressed genes as well as the dysregulated pathways commonly enriched by the protein products of these genes in both canine ODG and human MG. Our results revealed that 3,712 (23%) of the 15,895 differentially expressed genes demonstrated significant up- or downregulation (log2-fold change > 2.0). Of the 3,712 altered genes, ~50% were upregulated (n = 1858) and ~50% were downregulated (n = 1854). Most of these genes were also found to have altered expression in human MG. Protein association and pathway analysis revealed common pathways enriched by members of the up- and downregulated gene categories in both species. In summary, we demonstrate that a similar pattern of gene dysregulation characterizes both human MG and canine ODG and provide additional support for the use of the canine model in order to therapeutically target these common genes. The results of such therapeutic targeting in the canine model can serve to more accurately predict the efficacy of anti-glioma therapies in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Mitchell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Sreenivasulu Chintala
- Department of Neurosurgery, Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Kaleigh Fetcko
- Department of Neurosurgery, Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Mario Henriquez
- Department of Neurosurgery, Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Brij N Tewari
- Department of Neurosurgery, Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Atique Ahmed
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - R Timothy Bentley
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Mahua Dey
- Department of Neurosurgery, Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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14
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Mills CC, Kolb EA, Sampson VB. Recent Advances of Cell-Cycle Inhibitor Therapies for Pediatric Cancer. Cancer Res 2017; 77:6489-6498. [PMID: 29097609 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-2066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review describes the pivotal roles of cell-cycle and checkpoint regulators and discusses development of specific cell-cycle inhibitors for therapeutic use for pediatric cancer. The mechanism of action as well as the safety and tolerability of drugs in pediatric patients, including compounds that target CDK4/CDK6 (palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib), aurora kinases (AT9283 and MLN8237), Wee1 kinase (MK-1775), KSP (ispinesib), and tubulin (taxanes, vinca alkaloids), are presented. The design of mechanism-based combinations that exploit the cross-talk of signals activated by cell-cycle arrest, as well as pediatric-focused drug development, are critical for the advancement of drugs for rare childhood diseases. Cancer Res; 77(23); 6489-98. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E A Kolb
- Nemours Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Valerie B Sampson
- Nemours Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware.
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Hudson BF, Oostendorp LJM, Candy B, Vickerstaff V, Jones L, Lakhanpaul M, Bluebond-Langner M, Stone P. The under reporting of recruitment strategies in research with children with life-threatening illnesses: A systematic review. Palliat Med 2017; 31:419-436. [PMID: 27609607 PMCID: PMC5405809 DOI: 10.1177/0269216316663856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Researchers report difficulties in conducting research with children and young people with life-limiting conditions or life-threatening illnesses and their families. Recruitment is challenged by barriers including ethical, logistical and clinical considerations. AIM To explore how children and young people (aged 0-25 years) with life-limiting conditions or life-threatening illnesses and their families were identified, invited and consented to research published in the last 5 years. DESIGN Systematic review. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Sciences Citation Index and SCOPUS were searched for original English language research published between 2009 and 2014, recruiting children and young people with life-limiting conditions or life-threatening illness and their families. RESULTS A total of 215 studies - 152 qualitative, 54 quantitative and 9 mixed methods - were included. Limited recruitment information but a range of strategies and difficulties were provided. The proportion of eligible participants from those screened could not be calculated in 80% of studies. Recruitment rates could not be calculated in 77%. A total of 31% of studies recruited less than 50% of eligible participants. Reasons given for non-invitation included missing clinical or contact data, or clinician judgements of participant unsuitability. Reasons for non-participation included lack of interest and participants' perceptions of potential burdens. CONCLUSION All stages of recruitment were under reported. Transparency in reporting of participant identification, invitation and consent is needed to enable researchers to understand research implications, bias risk and to whom results apply. Research is needed to explore why consenting participants decide to take part or not and their experiences of research recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briony F Hudson
- Louis Dundas Centre for Children’s Palliative Care, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Department, UCL Division of Psychiatry, London, UK
| | - Linda JM Oostendorp
- Louis Dundas Centre for Children’s Palliative Care, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Bridget Candy
- Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Department, UCL Division of Psychiatry, London, UK
| | - Victoria Vickerstaff
- Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Department, UCL Division of Psychiatry, London, UK
| | - Louise Jones
- Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Department, UCL Division of Psychiatry, London, UK
| | - Monica Lakhanpaul
- Population, Policy and Practice Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Myra Bluebond-Langner
- Louis Dundas Centre for Children’s Palliative Care, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Paddy Stone
- Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Department, UCL Division of Psychiatry, London, UK
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16
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Dorris K, Liu C, Li D, Hummel TR, Wang X, Perentesis J, Kim MO, Fouladi M. A comparison of safety and efficacy of cytotoxic versus molecularly targeted drugs in pediatric phase I solid tumor oncology trials. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2017; 64. [PMID: 27654490 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.26258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior reviews of phase I pediatric oncology trials involving primarily cytotoxic agents have reported objective response rates (ORRs) and toxic death rates of 7.9-9.6% and 0.5%, respectively. These data may not reflect safety and efficacy in phase I trials of molecularly targeted (targeted) drugs. METHODS A systematic review of pediatric phase I solid tumor trials published in 1990-2013 was performed. The published reports were evaluated for patient characteristics, toxicity information, and response numbers. RESULTS A total of 143 phase I pediatric clinical trials enrolling 3,896 children involving 53 targeted and 48 cytotoxic drugs were identified. A meta-analysis demonstrated that the ORR is 2.1-fold higher with cytotoxic drugs (0.066 vs. 0.031 per subject; P = 0.007). By contrast, the pooled estimate of the stable disease rate (SDR) is similar for cytotoxic and targeted drugs (0.2 vs. 0.23 per subject; P = 0.27). The pooled estimate of the dose-limiting toxicity rate is 1.8-fold larger with cytotoxic drugs (0.24 vs. 0.13 per subject; P = 0.0003). The hematologic grade 3-4 (G3/4) toxicity rate is 3.6-fold larger with cytotoxic drugs (0.43 vs. 0.12 per treatment course; P = 0.0001); however, the nonhematologic G3/4 toxicities and toxic deaths occur at similar rates for cytotoxic and targeted drugs. CONCLUSIONS In phase I pediatric solid tumor trials, ORRs were significantly higher for cytotoxic versus targeted agents. SDRs were similar in targeted and cytotoxic drug trials. Patients treated with cytotoxic agents were more likely to experience hematologic G3/4 toxicities than those patients receiving targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Dorris
- Section of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, Bone Marrow Transplantation, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Dandan Li
- Consumer Credit Risk Management, Fifth Third Bank, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Trent R Hummel
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - John Perentesis
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Mi-Ok Kim
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco
| | - Maryam Fouladi
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Abstract
Mutations in cancer cells frequently result in cell cycle alterations that lead to unrestricted growth compared to normal cells. Considering this phenomenon, many drugs have been developed to inhibit different cell-cycle phases. Mitotic phase targeting disturbs mitosis in tumor cells, triggers the spindle assembly checkpoint and frequently results in cell death. The first anti-mitotics to enter clinical trials aimed to target tubulin. Although these drugs improved the treatment of certain cancers, and many anti-microtubule compounds are already approved for clinical use, severe adverse events such as neuropathies were observed. Since then, efforts have been focused on the development of drugs that also target kinases, motor proteins and multi-protein complexes involved in mitosis. In this review, we summarize the major proteins involved in the mitotic phase that can also be targeted for cancer treatment. Finally, we address the activity of anti-mitotic drugs tested in clinical trials in recent years.
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18
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Kato T, Lee D, Wu L, Patel P, Young AJ, Wada H, Hu HP, Ujiie H, Kaji M, Kano S, Matsuge S, Domen H, Kaga K, Matsui Y, Kanno H, Hatanaka Y, Hatanaka KC, Matsuno Y, de Perrot M, Yasufuku K. Kinesin family members KIF11 and KIF23 as potential therapeutic targets in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:448-56. [PMID: 27279560 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare and aggressive form of cancer commonly associated with asbestos exposure that stems from the thoracic mesothelium with high mortality rate. Currently, treatment options for MPM are limited, and new molecular targets for treatments are urgently needed. Using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and an RNA interference-based screening, we screened two kinesin family members as potential therapeutic targets for MPM. Following in vitro investigation of the target silencing effects on MPM cells, a total of 53 MPMs were analyzed immunohistochemically with tissue microarray. KIF11 and KIF23 transcripts were found to be overexpressed in the majority of clinical MPM samples as well as human MPM cell lines as determined by quantitative RT-PCR. Gene knockdown in MPM cell lines identified growth inhibition following knockdown of KIF11 and KIF23. High expression of KIF11 (KIF11-H) and KIF23 (KIF23-H) were found in 43.4 and 50.9% of all the MPM cases, respectively. Patients who received curative resection with tumors displaying KIF23-H showed shorter overall survival (P=0.0194). These results provide that inhibition of KIF11 and KIF23 may hold promise for treatment of MPMs, raising the possibility that kinesin-based drug targets may be developed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Kato
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Daiyoon Lee
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Licun Wu
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Priya Patel
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ahn Jin Young
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hironobu Wada
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hsin-Pei Hu
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hideki Ujiie
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mitsuhito Kaji
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sapporo Minami-sanjo Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kano
- Department of Pathology, Kinikyo-Chuo Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Hiromitsu Domen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kichizo Kaga
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Matsui
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kanno
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hatanaka
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kanako C Hatanaka
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Matsuno
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Marc de Perrot
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kazuhiro Yasufuku
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
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19
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Outcomes of Patients With Relapsed Hepatoblastoma Enrolled on Children's Oncology Group (COG) Phase I and II Studies. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2016; 38:187-90. [PMID: 26583620 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000000474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Data are limited regarding outcomes of patients treated for relapsed hepatoblastoma. We reviewed enrollment patterns and outcomes of patients with hepatoblastoma on Children's Oncology Group (COG) phase I/II studies. The medical literature was searched for reports of COG phase I/II studies using PUBMED as well as an inventory from the COG publications office searching manuscripts published from 2000 to 2014. Seventy-one patients with relapsed hepatoblastoma were enrolled on 23 separate COG phase I/II studies. Four studies collected α-fetoprotein (AFP) data, but none utilized AFP decline in assessing response. Most studies enrolled few patients with relapsed hepatoblastoma: 7 studies enrolled 1 patient, and another 7 studies enrolled 2 patients each. Only 9 studies enrolled 3 or more patients with relapsed hepatoblastoma. Four responses were reported. Dedicated strata and/or focus on 1 or 2 studies with compelling biological or clinical rationale for hepatoblastoma may improve accrual (and statistical significance of response data) of patients with relapsed hepatoblastoma. Prospective study of AFP decline versus RECIST response could help determine the optimal method of assessing response to identify potentially beneficial treatments in hepatoblastoma.
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20
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Liu T, Shen JK, Li Z, Choy E, Hornicek FJ, Duan Z. Development and potential applications of CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technology in sarcoma. Cancer Lett 2016; 373:109-118. [PMID: 26806808 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sarcomas include some of the most aggressive tumors and typically respond poorly to chemotherapy. In recent years, specific gene fusion/mutations and gene over-expression/activation have been shown to drive sarcoma pathogenesis and development. These emerging genomic alterations may provide targets for novel therapeutic strategies and have the potential to transform sarcoma patient care. The RNA-guided nuclease CRISPR-Cas9 (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-associated protein-9 nuclease) is a convenient and versatile platform for site-specific genome editing and epigenome targeted modulation. Given that sarcoma is believed to develop as a result of genetic alterations in mesenchymal progenitor/stem cells, CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technologies hold extensive application potentials in sarcoma models and therapies. We review the development and mechanisms of the CRISPR-Cas9 system in genome editing and introduce its application in sarcoma research and potential therapy in clinic. Additionally, we propose future directions and discuss the challenges faced with these applications, providing concise and enlightening information for readers interested in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tang Liu
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, MA 02114, United States; Department of Orthopaedic, the 2nd Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Jacson K Shen
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Zhihong Li
- Department of Orthopaedic, the 2nd Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Edwin Choy
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Francis J Hornicek
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, MA 02114, United States.
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Takenaga M, Yamamoto Y, Takeuchi T, Ohta Y, Tokura Y, Hamaguchi A, Asai D, Nakashima H, Oishi S, Fujii N. Potential new chemotherapy strategy for human ovarian carcinoma with a novel KSP inhibitor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 463:222-8. [PMID: 25998394 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Among synthetic kinesin spindle protein (KSP) inhibitor compounds, KPYB10602, a six-member lactam-fused carbazole derivative was the most potent in vitro against cell growth of human ovarian cancer, A2780. KPYB10602 caused dose-dependent suppression of tumor growth in vivo. Mitotic arrest due to KPYB10602 was confirmed in vitro, and was characterized by inhibition of securin degradation. Apoptosis after mitotic arrest was associated with an increase in the ratio of pro-apoptotic Bax to anti-apoptotic Bcl-2. Increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and caspase pathway were also involved. Furthermore, KPYB10602 caused little neurotoxicity in vivo. Therefore, KPYB10602 could be a promising candidate as an anti-tumor agent with reduced adverse events for treating human ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuko Takenaga
- Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8512, Japan.
| | - Yuki Yamamoto
- Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8512, Japan.
| | - Tomoki Takeuchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Yuki Ohta
- Department of Pharmacology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8512, Japan.
| | - Yukie Tokura
- Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8512, Japan.
| | - Akemi Hamaguchi
- Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8512, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Asai
- Department of Microbiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8512, Japan.
| | - Hideki Nakashima
- Department of Microbiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8512, Japan.
| | - Shinya Oishi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Nobutaka Fujii
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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22
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Yin Y, Sun H, Xu J, Xiao F, Wang H, Yang Y, Ren H, Wu CT, Gao C, Wang L. Kinesin spindle protein inhibitor SB743921 induces mitotic arrest and apoptosis and overcomes imatinib resistance of chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Leuk Lymphoma 2014; 56:1813-20. [PMID: 25146433 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2014.956319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of the cell mitotic pathway may provide a novel means for therapeutic intervention in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Kinesin spindle protein (KSP), a microtubule-associated motor protein which is essential for cell cycle progression, is overexpressed in bcr-abl+ CML cells. Retrovirus mediated bcr-abl transduction increases KSP expression in cord blood CD34 + cells. SB743921 is a selective KSP inhibitor which is being investigated in ongoing clinical trials for treatment of myeloma, leukemia and solid tumors. Treatment of CML cells with SB743921 resulted in reduced proliferation and colony forming cell (CFC) formation ability. SB743921 also actively blocked cell cycle progression, leading to apoptosis in both primary CML cells and cell lines. KSP inhibition sensitized CML cells to imatinib-induced apoptosis. Importantly, SB743921 inhibited the proliferation of various CML cells including T315I mutation-harboring cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that SB743921 treatment suppressed ERK and AKT activity in CML cells. These data indicate that SB743921 may become a novel treatment agent for patients with CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yin
- Department of Hematology, PLA General Hospital , Beijing , P. R. China
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Wakui H, Yamamoto N, Kitazono S, Mizugaki H, Nakamichi S, Fujiwara Y, Nokihara H, Yamada Y, Suzuki K, Kanda H, Akinaga S, Tamura T. A phase 1 and dose-finding study of LY2523355 (litronesib), an Eg5 inhibitor, in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2014; 74:15-23. [PMID: 24752449 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-014-2467-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Eg5, a mitotic motor kinesin protein, plays an essential role in bipolar spindle formation in the M phase of the cell cycle. LY2523355 (litronesib) is an allosteric inhibitor of Eg5. This phase 1 and dose-finding study aimed to assess the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), recommended dose for further studies, and preliminary efficacy in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors. METHODS LY2523355 was given on days 1, 2, and 3 every 3 weeks at one of three dose levels: 2, 4, and 5 mg/m²/day. Toxicity was assessed according to NCI-CTCAE version 4.0, and tumor response according to RECIST version 1.1. granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) was used only for grade 4 neutropenia or grade 3 febrile neutropenia. RESULTS Twelve patients were treated at doses of 2 (n = 3), 4 (n = 3), and 5 (n = 6) mg/m²/day. Most frequent treatment-related adverse events were neutropenia and leukopenia (100 %). Grade 4 neutropenia was observed in 83 %, but all recovered to above 500 neutrophils/μl within 7 days. All patients at 4 and 5 mg/m²/day required G-CSF support. No dose-limiting toxicities were reported up to 5 mg/m²/day. In PK analysis, LY2523355 exposure increased in a dose-dependent manner. The PK parameters for LY2523355 were similar to those observed in Western populations. No objective tumor responses were observed. CONCLUSIONS The recommended dose of LY2523355 with therapeutic G-CSF use for further studies was determined to be 5 mg/m²/day in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Wakui
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
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24
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Nyamaa B, Kim HK, Jeong YJ, Song IS, Han J. Kinesin Spindle Protein Inhibition in Translational Research. J Lipid Atheroscler 2014. [DOI: 10.12997/jla.2014.3.2.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bayalagmaa Nyamaa
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyoung Kyu Kim
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Yu Jeong Jeong
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - In-Sung Song
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Jin Han
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Korea
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25
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Talapatra SK, Anthony NG, Mackay SP, Kozielski F. Mitotic kinesin Eg5 overcomes inhibition to the phase I/II clinical candidate SB743921 by an allosteric resistance mechanism. J Med Chem 2013; 56:6317-29. [PMID: 23875972 DOI: 10.1021/jm4006274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Development of drug resistance during cancer chemotherapy is one of the major causes of chemotherapeutic failure for the majority of clinical agents. The aim of this study was to investigate the underlying molecular mechanism of resistance developed by the mitotic kinesin Eg5 against the potent second-generation ispinesib analogue SB743921 (1), a phase I/II clinical candidate. Biochemical and biophysical data demonstrate that point mutations in the inhibitor-binding pocket decrease the efficacy of 1 by several 1000-fold. Surprisingly, the structures of wild-type and mutant Eg5 in complex with 1 display no apparent structural changes in the binding configuration of the drug candidate. Furthermore, ITC and modeling approaches reveal that resistance to 1 is not through conventional steric effects at the binding site but through reduced flexibility and changes in energy fluctuation pathways through the protein that influence its function. This is a phenomenon we have called "resistance by allostery".
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep K Talapatra
- The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BS, Scotland, U.K.
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26
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Salmela AL, Kallio MJ. Mitosis as an anti-cancer drug target. Chromosoma 2013; 122:431-49. [PMID: 23775312 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-013-0419-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Suppression of cell proliferation by targeting mitosis is one potential cancer intervention. A number of existing chemotherapy drugs disrupt mitosis by targeting microtubule dynamics. While efficacious, these drugs have limitations, i.e. neuropathy, unpredictability and development of resistance. In order to overcome these issues, a great deal of effort has been spent exploring novel mitotic targets including Polo-like kinase 1, Aurora kinases, Mps1, Cenp-E and KSP/Eg5. Here we summarize the latest developments in the discovery and clinical evaluation of new mitotic drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Leena Salmela
- VTT Biotechnology for Health and Wellbeing, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4C, Pharmacity Bldg, 4th Floor, P.O. Box 106, 20521, Turku, Finland
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27
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Jiang C, You Q. Kinesin spindle protein inhibitors in cancer: a patent review (2008 - present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2013; 23:1547-60. [PMID: 23978071 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2013.833606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inhibition of kinesin spindle protein (KSP) has emerged as a novel and validated therapeutic strategy against cancers. A lot of new KSP inhibitors have been identified in recent years and some of them have entered clinical trials. This may provide more selections in future cancer therapy. AREAS COVERED In the present review, the authors will describe the most recent classes of KSP inhibitors by reviewing about 96 literatures in which 24 patent applications were included from 2008 to now. EXPERT OPINION Many new KSP inhibitors have been discovered that act either by binding in an allosteric site of KSP or by ATP competitive inhibition. There are several ATP non-competitive KSP inhibitors entering clinical investigation. Although they were both well tolerated and showed acceptable pharmacokinetic profiles, limited clinical response was always the problem. Mutation of the binding pocket was also a hindrance in the development of these allosteric inhibitors. The appearance of ATP competitive KSP inhibitors was considered to be able to overcome mutation-mediated resistance to the allosteric inhibitors, which could be a new approach for the development of novel KSP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Jiang
- China Pharmaceutical University, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization , Nanjing 210009 , China
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Phase I dose-escalation and pharmacokinetic study of ispinesib, a kinesin spindle protein inhibitor, administered on days 1 and 15 of a 28-day schedule in patients with no prior treatment for advanced breast cancer. Anticancer Drugs 2013; 23:335-41. [PMID: 22123335 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e32834e74d6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor activity of ispinesib, a kinesin spindle protein inhibitor. Patients with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer who had received only prior neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy were treated with escalating doses of ispinesib administered as a 1-h infusion on days 1 and 15 every 28 days until toxicity or progression of disease. Doses were escalated until dose-limiting toxicity was observed in two out of six patients during cycle 1. A total of 16 patients were treated at three dose levels: 10 mg/m (n=3), 12 mg/m (n=6), and 14 mg/m (n=7). Forty-four percent of the patients had locally advanced disease and 56% had metastatic disease; 50% were estrogen receptor positive, 44% were progesterone receptor positive, 25% human epidermal growth factor 2 were positive, and 31% triple (estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor 2) negative. Sixty-nine percent of patients were chemo-naive. The maximum tolerated dose was 12 mg/m and dose-limiting toxicity was grade 3 increased aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. The most common toxicities included neutropenia (88%; 38% grade 3 and 44% grade 4), increased alanine aminotransferase (56%), anemia (38%), increased aspartate aminotransferase (31%), and diarrhea (31%). No neuropathy, mucositis, or alopecia was reported. Among the 15 patients evaluable for antitumor activity, there were three partial responses, one confirmed by the response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (7% response rate). Nine patients (60%) had stable disease lasting at least 42 days, with four (27%) lasting for at least 90 days. Disease stabilization (partial responses+stable disease) was observed in 11 (73.3%) patients. In conclusion, ispinesib was well tolerated when administered on days 1 and 15 every 28 days. Limited activity was observed with this schedule in patients with previously untreated advanced breast cancer.
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Kinesin-5: cross-bridging mechanism to targeted clinical therapy. Gene 2013; 531:133-49. [PMID: 23954229 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Kinesin motor proteins comprise an ATPase superfamily that works hand in hand with microtubules in every eukaryote. The mitotic kinesins, by virtue of their potential therapeutic role in cancerous cells, have been a major focus of research for the past 28 years since the discovery of the canonical Kinesin-1 heavy chain. Perhaps the simplest player in mitotic spindle assembly, Kinesin-5 (also known as Kif11, Eg5, or kinesin spindle protein, KSP) is a plus-end-directed motor localized to interpolar spindle microtubules and to the spindle poles. Comprised of a homotetramer complex, its function primarily is to slide anti-parallel microtubules apart from one another. Based on multi-faceted analyses of this motor from numerous laboratories over the years, we have learned a great deal about the function of this motor at the atomic level for catalysis and as an integrated element of the cytoskeleton. These data have, in turn, informed the function of motile kinesins on the whole, as well as spearheaded integrative models of the mitotic apparatus in particular and regulation of the microtubule cytoskeleton in general. We review what is known about how this nanomotor works, its place inside the cytoskeleton of cells, and its small-molecule inhibitors that provide a toolbox for understanding motor function and for anticancer treatment in the clinic.
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30
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Lu H, Blatt J, Corey SJ. Trends, Outcomes, and Characteristics of Pediatric Oncology Phase I and II Studies: A Systematic Review. Pharmaceut Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s40290-013-0021-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Marzo I, Naval J. Antimitotic drugs in cancer chemotherapy: promises and pitfalls. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 86:703-10. [PMID: 23886991 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells usually display higher proliferation rates than normal cells. Some currently used antitumor drugs, such as vinca alkaloids and taxanes, act by targeting microtubules and inhibiting mitosis. In the last years, different mitotic regulators have been proposed as drug target candidates for antitumor therapies. In particular, inhibitors of Cdks, Chks, Aurora kinase and Polo-like kinase have been synthesized and evaluated in vitro and in animal models and some of them have reached clinical trials. However, to date, none of these inhibitors has been still approved for use in chemotherapy regimes. We will discuss here the most recent preclinical information on those new antimitotic drugs, as well as the possible molecular bases underlying their lack of clinical efficiency. Also, advances in the identification of other mitosis-related targets will be also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Marzo
- Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain.
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32
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Doménech E, Malumbres M. Mitosis-targeting therapies: a troubleshooting guide. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2013; 13:519-28. [PMID: 23583638 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2013.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 03/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Several mitotic kinases and kinesins are currently considered as cancer targets based on their critical role during the cell division cycle and their significant level of expression in human tumors. Yet, their use is limited by the lack of selectivity against tumor cells, the low percentage of mitotic cells in many human tumors, and dose-limiting side-effects. As a consequence, initial clinical trials have shown limited responses. Despite these drawbacks, inhibiting mitosis is a promising strategy that deserves further development. Future advances will benefit from more specific inhibitors with better pharmacodynamic properties, a clear physiological characterization and cell-type-specific requirements of old and new mitotic targets, and rational strategies based on synthetic lethal interactions to improve selectivity against tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Doménech
- Cell Division and Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
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33
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Martens-de Kemp SR, Nagel R, Stigter-van Walsum M, van der Meulen IH, van Beusechem VW, Braakhuis BJM, Brakenhoff RH. Functional genetic screens identify genes essential for tumor cell survival in head and neck and lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:1994-2003. [PMID: 23444224 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-2539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite continuous improvement of treatment regimes, the mortality rates for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remain disappointingly high and novel anticancer agents are urgently awaited. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We combined the data from genome-wide siRNA screens on tumor cell lethality in a lung and a head and neck cancer cell line. RESULTS We identified 71 target genes that seem essential for the survival of both cancer types. We identified a cluster of 20 genes that play an important role during G2-M phase transition, underlining the importance of this cell-cycle checkpoint for tumor cell survival. Five genes from this cluster (CKAP5, KPNB1, RAN, TPX2, and KIF11) were evaluated in more detail and have been shown to be essential for tumor cell survival in both tumor types, but most particularly in HNSCC. Phenotypes that were observed following siRNA-mediated knockdown of KIF11 (kinesin family member 11) were reproduced by inhibition of KIF11 using the small-molecule inhibitor ispinesib (SB-715992). We showed that ispinesib induces a G2 arrest, causes aberrant chromosome segregation, and induces cell death in HNSCC in vitro, whereas primary keratinocytes are less sensitive. Furthermore, growth of HNSCC cells engrafted in immunodeficient mice was significantly inhibited after ispinesib treatment. CONCLUSION This study identified a wide array of druggable genes for both lung and head and neck cancer. In particular, multiple genes involved in the G2-M checkpoint were shown to be essential for tumor cell survival, indicating their potential as anticancer targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne R Martens-de Kemp
- AuDepartment of Otolaryngology/Head-Neck Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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34
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El-Nassan HB. Advances in the discovery of kinesin spindle protein (Eg5) inhibitors as antitumor agents. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 62:614-31. [PMID: 23434636 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is considered as one of the most serious health problems. Despite the presence of many effective chemotherapeutic agents, their severe side effects together with the appearance of mutant tumors limit the use of these drugs and increase the need for new anticancer agents. Eg5 represents an attractive target for medicinal chemists since Eg5 is overexpressed in many proliferative tissues while almost no Eg5 is detected in nonproliferative tissues. Many Eg5 inhibitors displayed potent anticancer activity against some of the mutant tumors with limited side effects. The present review provides an overview about the progress in the discovery of Eg5 inhibitors especially from 2009 to 2012 as well as the clinical trials conducted on some of these inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Bakr El-Nassan
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 33 Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt.
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35
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Abstract
The strategy of clinically targeting cancerous cells at their most vulnerable state during mitosis has instigated numerous studies into the mitotic cell death (MCD) pathway. As the hallmark of cancer revolves around cell-cycle deregulation, it is not surprising that antimitotic therapies are effective against the abnormal proliferation of transformed cells. Moreover, these antimitotic drugs are also highly selective and sensitive. Despite the robust rate of discovery and the development of mitosis-selective inhibitors, the unpredictable complexities of the human body's response to these drugs still herald the biggest challenge towards clinical success. Undoubtedly, the need to bridge the gap between promising preclinical trials and effective translational bedside treatment prompts further investigations towards mapping out the mechanistic pathways of MCD, understanding how these drugs work as medicine in the body and more comprehensive target validations. In this review, current antimitotic agents are summarized with particular emphasis on the evaluation of their clinical efficacy as well as their limitations. In addition, we discuss the basis behind the lack of activity of these inhibitors in human trials and the potential and future directions of mitotic anticancer strategies.
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Talapatra SK, Schüttelkopf AW, Kozielski F. The structure of the ternary Eg5-ADP-ispinesib complex. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA. SECTION D, BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 2012; 68:1311-9. [PMID: 22993085 PMCID: PMC3447400 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444912027965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The human kinesin Eg5 is responsible for bipolar spindle formation during early mitosis. Inhibition of Eg5 triggers the formation of monoastral spindles, leading to mitotic arrest that eventually causes apoptosis. There is increasing evidence that Eg5 constitutes a potential drug target for the development of cancer chemotherapeutics. The most advanced Eg5-targeting agent is ispinesib, which exhibits potent antitumour activity and is currently in multiple phase II clinical trials. In this study, the crystal structure of the Eg5 motor domain in complex with ispinesib, supported by kinetic and thermodynamic binding data, is reported. Ispinesib occupies the same induced-fit pocket in Eg5 as other allosteric inhibitors, making extensive hydrophobic interactions with the protein. The data for the Eg5-ADP-ispinesib complex suffered from pseudo-merohedral twinning and revealed translational noncrystallographic symmetry, leading to challenges in data processing, space-group assignment and structure solution as well as in refinement. These complications may explain the lack of available structural information for this important agent and its analogues. The present structure represents the best interpretation of these data based on extensive data-reduction, structure-solution and refinement trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. K. Talapatra
- Molecular Motor Laboratory, The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, Scotland, UK
| | - A. W. Schüttelkopf
- Molecular Motor Laboratory, The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, Scotland, UK
| | - F. Kozielski
- Molecular Motor Laboratory, The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, Scotland, UK
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Abstract
Kinesins are a family of molecular motors that travel unidirectionally along microtubule tracks to fulfil their many roles in intracellular transport or cell division. Over the past few years kinesins that are involved in mitosis have emerged as potential targets for cancer drug development. Several compounds that inhibit two mitotic kinesins (EG5 (also known as KIF11) and centromere-associated protein E (CENPE)) have entered Phase I and II clinical trials either as monotherapies or in combination with other drugs. Additional mitotic kinesins are currently being validated as drug targets, raising the possibility that the range of kinesin-based drug targets may expand in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Rath
- The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, Scotland, UK
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38
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Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas are an uncommon and diverse group of more than 50 mesenchymal malignancies. The pathogenesis of many of these is poorly understood, but others have begun to reveal the secrets of their underlying mechanisms. With considerable effort over recent years, soft tissue sarcomas have increasingly been classified on the basis of underlying molecular alterations. In turn, this has allowed the development and application of targeted agents in several specific, molecularly defined, sarcoma subtypes. This review will focus on the rationale for targeted therapy in sarcoma, with emphasis on the relevance of specific molecular factors and pathways in both translocation-associated sarcomas and in genetically complex tumors. In addition, we will address some of the early successes in sarcoma-targeted therapy as well as a few challenges and disappointments in this field. Finally, we will discuss several possible opportunities represented by poorly understood, but potentially promising new therapeutic targets, as well as several novel biological agents currently in preclinical and early phase I/II trials. This will provide the reader with the context for understanding the current state of this field and a sense of where it may be headed in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G Demicco
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, 77030-4009, USA
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Wang F, Good JAD, Rath O, Kaan HYK, Sutcliffe OB, Mackay SP, Kozielski F. Triphenylbutanamines: kinesin spindle protein inhibitors with in vivo antitumor activity. J Med Chem 2012; 55:1511-25. [PMID: 22248262 PMCID: PMC3428805 DOI: 10.1021/jm201195m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
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The human mitotic kinesin Eg5 represents a novel mitotic
spindle target for cancer chemotherapy. We previously identified S-trityl-l-cysteine (STLC) and related analogues
as selective potent inhibitors of Eg5. We herein report on the development
of a series of 4,4,4-triphenylbutan-1-amine inhibitors derived from
the STLC scaffold. This new generation systematically improves on
potency: the most potent C-trityl analogues exhibit Kiapp ≤ 10 nM and GI50 ≈ 50 nM, comparable to results from the phase II clinical
benchmark ispinesib. Crystallographic studies reveal that they adopt
the same overall binding configuration as S-trityl
analogues at an allosteric site formed by loop L5 of Eg5. Evaluation
of their druglike properties reveals favorable profiles for future
development and, in the clinical candidate ispinesib, moderate hERG
and CYP inhibition. One triphenylbutanamine analogue and ispinesib
possess very good bioavailability (51% and 45%, respectively), with
the former showing in vivo antitumor growth activity in nude mice
xenograft studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Molecular Motor Laboratory, The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, Scotland, UK.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Few standard second-line treatment options exist for advanced sarcoma patients. Some of these patients are offered early-phase clinical trials involving targeted or nontargeted agents. This review outlines recent phase 1 trials involving sarcoma patients, explores current challenges and highlights future opportunities in sarcoma developmental therapeutics. RECENT FINDINGS New molecularly targeted phase 1 studies have demonstrated efficacy in sarcomas. For instance, insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) antibodies have produced single agent activity in Ewing's sarcoma. Other promising novel agents include an agonist for the apoptosis ligand 2/tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (Apo2L/TRAIL) for chondrosarcoma, small molecule inhibitor crizotinib for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-rearranged inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, cedarinib for alveolar soft part sarcoma, and rexin-G, a tumor targeted retrovector for osteosarcoma. In addition, different combinations of chemotherapy in combination with newer agents such as trabectedin exhibited efficacy in advanced soft tissue sarcoma. SUMMARY Patients with refractory sarcoma demonstrate benefit from treatment with targeted drugs even in the setting of phase 1 trials. Sarcomas that have a defined translocation and those that express specific activated kinases are particularly promising tumors for targeted therapy. The primary challenge is identifying the biomarkers predictive of response or resistance, matching them with specific patient histology, resulting in successful translation of biology into clinical benefit.
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