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Kameda-Smith MM, Zhu H, Luo EC, Suk Y, Xella A, Yee B, Chokshi C, Xing S, Tan F, Fox RG, Adile AA, Bakhshinyan D, Brown K, Gwynne WD, Subapanditha M, Miletic P, Picard D, Burns I, Moffat J, Paruch K, Fleming A, Hope K, Provias JP, Remke M, Lu Y, Reya T, Venugopal C, Reimand J, Wechsler-Reya RJ, Yeo GW, Singh SK. Characterization of an RNA binding protein interactome reveals a context-specific post-transcriptional landscape of MYC-amplified medulloblastoma. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7506. [PMID: 36473869 PMCID: PMC9726987 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35118-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common solid malignant brain neoplasm, with Group 3 (G3) MB representing the most aggressive subgroup. MYC amplification is an independent poor prognostic factor in G3 MB, however, therapeutic targeting of the MYC pathway remains limited and alternative therapies for G3 MB are urgently needed. Here we show that the RNA-binding protein, Musashi-1 (MSI1) is an essential mediator of G3 MB in both MYC-overexpressing mouse models and patient-derived xenografts. MSI1 inhibition abrogates tumor initiation and significantly prolongs survival in both models. We identify binding targets of MSI1 in normal neural and G3 MB stem cells and then cross referenced these data with unbiased large-scale screens at the transcriptomic, translatomic and proteomic levels to systematically dissect its functional role. Comparative integrative multi-omic analyses of these large datasets reveal cancer-selective MSI1-bound targets sharing multiple MYC associated pathways, providing a valuable resource for context-specific therapeutic targeting of G3 MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M. Kameda-Smith
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Helen Zhu
- grid.419890.d0000 0004 0626 690XComputational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada ,grid.231844.80000 0004 0474 0428University Health Network, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.494618.6Vector Institute Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - En-Ching Luo
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Stem Cell Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.468218.10000 0004 5913 3393Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Yujin Suk
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Michael G DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Agata Xella
- grid.479509.60000 0001 0163 8573Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, National Cancer Institute-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Brian Yee
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Stem Cell Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.468218.10000 0004 5913 3393Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Chirayu Chokshi
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Sansi Xing
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Frederick Tan
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Stem Cell Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.468218.10000 0004 5913 3393Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Raymond G. Fox
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Ashley A. Adile
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - David Bakhshinyan
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Kevin Brown
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Donnelly Centre, Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - William D. Gwynne
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Minomi Subapanditha
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Petar Miletic
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Daniel Picard
- grid.14778.3d0000 0000 8922 7789Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ian Burns
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Michael G DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Jason Moffat
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Donnelly Centre, Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kamil Paruch
- grid.10267.320000 0001 2194 0956Department of Chemistry, CZ Openscreen, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic ,grid.483343.bInternational Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital in Brno, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Fleming
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227McMaster University, Departments of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology Division, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Kristin Hope
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - John P. Provias
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227McMaster University, Departments of Neuropathology, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Marc Remke
- grid.14778.3d0000 0000 8922 7789Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Yu Lu
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Tannishtha Reya
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.239585.00000 0001 2285 2675Present Address: Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Chitra Venugopal
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Jüri Reimand
- grid.419890.d0000 0004 0626 690XComputational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Robert J. Wechsler-Reya
- grid.479509.60000 0001 0163 8573Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, National Cancer Institute-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.239585.00000 0001 2285 2675Present Address: Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Gene W. Yeo
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Stem Cell Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.468218.10000 0004 5913 3393Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Sheila K. Singh
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227McMaster University, Department of Pediatrics, Hamilton, Canada
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Utilizing Carbon Ions to Treat Medulloblastomas that Exhibit Chromothripsis. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-022-00213-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
Novel radiation therapies with accelerated charged particles such as protons and carbon ions have shown encouraging results in oncology. We present recent applications as well as benefits and risks associated with their use.
Recent Findings
We discuss the use of carbon ion radiotherapy to treat a specific type of aggressive pediatric brain tumors, namely medulloblastomas with chromothripsis. Potential reasons for the resistance to conventional treatment, such as the presence of cancer stem cells with unique properties, are highlighted. Finally, advantages of particle radiation alone and in combination with other therapies to overcome resistance are featured.
Summary
Provided that future preclinical studies confirm the evidence of high effectiveness, favorable toxicity profiles, and no increased risk of secondary malignancy, carbon ion therapy may offer a promising tool in pediatric (neuro)oncology and beyond.
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3
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Herbener VJ, Burster T, Goreth A, Pruss M, von Bandemer H, Baisch T, Fitzel R, Siegelin MD, Karpel-Massler G, Debatin KM, Westhoff MA, Strobel H. Considering the Experimental use of Temozolomide in Glioblastoma Research. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E151. [PMID: 32512726 PMCID: PMC7344626 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8060151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ) currently remains the only chemotherapeutic component in the approved treatment scheme for Glioblastoma (GB), the most common primary brain tumour with a dismal patient's survival prognosis of only ~15 months. While frequently described as an alkylating agent that causes DNA damage and thus-ultimately-cell death, a recent debate has been initiated to re-evaluate the therapeutic role of TMZ in GB. Here, we discuss the experimental use of TMZ and highlight how it differs from its clinical role. Four areas could be identified in which the experimental data is particularly limited in its translational potential: 1. transferring clinical dosing and scheduling to an experimental system and vice versa; 2. the different use of (non-inert) solvent in clinic and laboratory; 3. the limitations of established GB cell lines which only poorly mimic GB tumours; and 4. the limitations of animal models lacking an immune response. Discussing these limitations in a broader biomedical context, we offer suggestions as to how to improve transferability of data. Finally, we highlight an underexplored function of TMZ in modulating the immune system, as an example of where the aforementioned limitations impede the progression of our knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena J. Herbener
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, D-89075 Ulm, Germany; (V.J.H.); (A.G.); (H.v.B.); (T.B.); (R.F.); (K.-M.D.); (H.S.)
| | - Timo Burster
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan;
| | - Alicia Goreth
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, D-89075 Ulm, Germany; (V.J.H.); (A.G.); (H.v.B.); (T.B.); (R.F.); (K.-M.D.); (H.S.)
| | - Maximilian Pruss
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany;
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Ulm, D-89081 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Hélène von Bandemer
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, D-89075 Ulm, Germany; (V.J.H.); (A.G.); (H.v.B.); (T.B.); (R.F.); (K.-M.D.); (H.S.)
| | - Tim Baisch
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, D-89075 Ulm, Germany; (V.J.H.); (A.G.); (H.v.B.); (T.B.); (R.F.); (K.-M.D.); (H.S.)
| | - Rahel Fitzel
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, D-89075 Ulm, Germany; (V.J.H.); (A.G.); (H.v.B.); (T.B.); (R.F.); (K.-M.D.); (H.S.)
| | - Markus D. Siegelin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Georg Karpel-Massler
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Ulm, D-89081 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Klaus-Michael Debatin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, D-89075 Ulm, Germany; (V.J.H.); (A.G.); (H.v.B.); (T.B.); (R.F.); (K.-M.D.); (H.S.)
| | - Mike-Andrew Westhoff
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, D-89075 Ulm, Germany; (V.J.H.); (A.G.); (H.v.B.); (T.B.); (R.F.); (K.-M.D.); (H.S.)
| | - Hannah Strobel
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, D-89075 Ulm, Germany; (V.J.H.); (A.G.); (H.v.B.); (T.B.); (R.F.); (K.-M.D.); (H.S.)
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Kaid C, Assoni A, Marçola M, Semedo-Kuriki P, Bortolin RH, Carvalho VM, Okamoto OK. Proteome and miRNome profiling of microvesicles derived from medulloblastoma cell lines with stem-like properties reveals biomarkers of poor prognosis. Brain Res 2020; 1730:146646. [PMID: 31917138 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors are the most common deadly childhood cancer. Several patients with medulloblastoma experience local or metastatic recurrences after standard treatment, a condition associated with very poor prognosis. Current neuroimaging techniques do not accurately detect residual stem-like medulloblastoma cells promoting tumor relapses. In attempt to identify candidate tumor markers that could be circulating in blood or cerebrospinal (CSF) fluid of patients, we evaluated the proteome and miRNome content of extracellular microvesicles (MVs) released by highly-aggressive stem-like medulloblastoma cells overexpressing the pluripotent factor OCT4A. These cells display enhanced tumor initiating capability and resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. A common set of 464 proteins and 10 microRNAs were exclusively detected in MVs of OCT4A-overexpressing cells from four distinct medulloblastoma cell lines, DAOY, CHLA-01-MED, D283-MED, and USP13-MED. The interactome mapping of these exclusive proteins and miRNAs revealed ERK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, EGF/EGFR, and stem cell self-renewal as the main oncogenic signaling pathways altered in these aggressive medulloblastoma cells. Of these MV cargos, four proteins (UBE2M, HNRNPCL2, HNRNPCL3, HNRNPCL4) and five miRNAs (miR-4449, miR-500b, miR-3648, miR-1291, miR-3607) have not been previously reported in MVs from normal tissues and in CSF. These proteins and miRNAs carried within MVs might serve as biomarkers of aggressive stem-like medulloblastoma cells to improve clinical benefit by helping refining diagnosis, patient stratification, and early detection of relapsed disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolini Kaid
- Centro de Pesquisa sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, CEP: 05508-090, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda Assoni
- Centro de Pesquisa sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, CEP: 05508-090, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina Marçola
- Centro de Pesquisa sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, CEP: 05508-090, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia Semedo-Kuriki
- Centro de Pesquisa sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, CEP: 05508-090, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Raul Hernandes Bortolin
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Oswaldo Keith Okamoto
- Centro de Pesquisa sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, CEP: 05508-090, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Hemotherapy and Cellular Therapy Department, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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5
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Kaid C, Jordan D, Bueno HMDS, Araujo BHS, Assoni A, Okamoto OK. miR-367 as a therapeutic target in stem-like cells from embryonal central nervous system tumors. Mol Oncol 2019; 13:2574-2587. [PMID: 31402560 PMCID: PMC6887591 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression of the pluripotency factor OCT4A in embryonal tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) is a key factor that contributes to tumor aggressiveness and correlates with poor patient survival. OCT4A overexpression has been shown to up-regulate miR-367, a microRNA (miRNA) that regulates pluripotency in embryonic stem cells and stem-like aggressive traits in cancer cells. Here, we show that (a) miR-367 is carried in microvesicles derived from embryonal CNS tumor cells expressing OCT4A; and (b) inhibition of miR-367 in these cells attenuates their aggressive traits. miR-367 silencing in OCT4A-overexpressing tumor cells significantly reduced their proliferative and invasive behavior, clonogenic activity, and tumorsphere generation capability. In vivo, targeting of miR-367 through direct injections of a specific inhibitor into the cerebrospinal fluid of Balb/C nude mice bearing OCT4A-overexpressing tumor xenografts inhibited tumor development and improved overall survival. miR-367 was also shown to target SUZ12, one of the core components of the polycomb repressive complex 2 known to be involved in epigenetic silencing of pluripotency-related genes, including POU5F1, which encodes OCT4A. Our findings reveal possible clinical applications of a cancer stemness pathway, highlighting miR-367 as a putative liquid biopsy biomarker that could be further explored to improve early diagnosis and prognosis prediction, and potentially serve as a therapeutic target in aggressive embryonal CNS tumors.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Central Nervous System Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Central Nervous System Neoplasms/genetics
- Central Nervous System Neoplasms/metabolism
- Central Nervous System Neoplasms/pathology
- Gene Silencing
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- MicroRNAs/antagonists & inhibitors
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal/genetics
- Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal/pathology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- RNA, Neoplasm/antagonists & inhibitors
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolini Kaid
- Centro de Pesquisa sobre o Genoma Humano e Células‐Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de BiociênciasUniversidade de São PauloBrazil
| | - Dione Jordan
- Centro de Pesquisa sobre o Genoma Humano e Células‐Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de BiociênciasUniversidade de São PauloBrazil
| | - Heloisa Maria de Siqueira Bueno
- Centro de Pesquisa sobre o Genoma Humano e Células‐Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de BiociênciasUniversidade de São PauloBrazil
| | - Bruno Henrique Silva Araujo
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM)Campinas, São PauloBrazil
| | - Amanda Assoni
- Centro de Pesquisa sobre o Genoma Humano e Células‐Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de BiociênciasUniversidade de São PauloBrazil
| | - Oswaldo Keith Okamoto
- Centro de Pesquisa sobre o Genoma Humano e Células‐Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de BiociênciasUniversidade de São PauloBrazil
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Prodigiosin stimulates endoplasmic reticulum stress and induces autophagic cell death in glioblastoma cells. Apoptosis 2019; 23:314-328. [PMID: 29721785 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-018-1456-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prodigiosin, a secondary metabolite isolated from marine Vibrio sp., has antimicrobial and anticancer properties. This study investigated the cell death mechanism of prodigiosin in glioblastoma. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive primary cancer of the central nervous system. Despite treatment, or standard therapy, the median survival of glioblastoma patients is about 14.6 month. The results of the present study clearly showed that prodigiosin significantly reduced the cell viability and neurosphere formation ability of U87MG and GBM8401 human glioblastoma cell lines. Moreover, prodigiosin with fluorescence signals was detected in the endoplasmic reticulum and found to induce excessive levels of autophagy. These findings were confirmed by observation of LC3 puncta formation and acridine orange staining. Furthermore, prodigiosin caused cell death by activating the JNK pathway and decreasing the AKT/mTOR pathway in glioblastoma cells. Moreover, we found that the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine reversed prodigiosin induced autophagic cell death. These findings of this study suggest that prodigiosin induces autophagic cell death and apoptosis in glioblastoma cells.
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7
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Liubich LD, Lisyanyi NI, Malysheva TA, Staino LP, Egorova DM, Vaslovych VV. In vitro effects of platelet-derived factors of brain glioma patients on C6 glioma cells. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.15421/021928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets play an important part in the progression and pathological angiogenesis of brain glioma because of the different granules content and release of microvesicles that are the source of numerous mediators and bioactive substances, which probably provides a "strategy" for the tumour survival. The objective of study was exploring the effect of platelet-released secretion products of patients with brain glioma on the experimental model of tumour growth in vitro. For this purpose, the cells of glioma C6 were cultured for 72 hours under the addition of modified media containing platelet-released secretion products or conditioned media of peripheral blood cells of patients with glioma as well as persons of the comparison group without rough somatic pathology. In control glioma C6 cultures in standard conditions cell clusters were formed by the type of "spheroids", from which radial cell migration occurred, a tense cellular or reticular growth zone was formed, and tumour cells preserved their ability to mitotic division. Under the influence of platelet-released secretion products of patients with glioma, differently directed effects on cell mitotic activity and the number of cell clusters in glioma C6 cultures were detected depending on the degree of tumour malignancy: stimulating effect under the influence of platelet factors of patients with high-malignancy glioma (G4) and inhibitory effect – due to the influence of platelet factors of patients with differentiated glioma (G2). In contrast to the thrombocyte-released factors, the conditioned media of a common pool of peripheral blood cells of patients with G4 glioma suppressed the mitotic activity of tumour cells and did not affect the number of cell clusters. No changes in glioma C6 cultures were revealed after the influence of platelet-released secretion products of persons of the comparison group. The obtained data confirm the important role of platelets in the pathogenesis of brain glioma, pointing to the fundamental difference in the spectrum of biologically active molecules that are released by platelets of patients depending on the degree of tumour malignancy and are able to regulate the cell cycle and proliferative activity of the glioma tumour cells, which may have application as a diagnostic marker as well as predictive marker of response to antitumour therapy.
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8
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C Jayakrishnan P, H Venkat E, M Ramachandran G, K Kesavapisharady K, N Nair S, Bharathan B, Radhakrishnan N, Gopala S. In vitro neurosphere formation correlates with poor survival in glioma. IUBMB Life 2018; 71:244-253. [PMID: 30393962 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Sphere formation is an indicator of tumor aggressiveness independent of the tumor grade; however, its relation to progression-free survival (PFS) is less known. This study was designed to assess the neurosphere forming ability among low grade glioma (LGG) and high-grade glioma (HGG), its stem cell marker expression, and correlation to PFS. Tumor samples of 140 patients, including (LGG; n = 67) and (HGG; n = 73) were analyzed. We used sphere forming assay, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry to characterize the tumors. Our study shows that, irrespective of the pathological sub type, both LGG and HGG formed neurospheres in vitro under conventional sphere forming conditions. However, the number of neurospheres formed from tumor tissues were significantly higher in HGG compared to LGG (P < 0.0001). Different grades of glioma were further characterized for the expression of stem cell marker proteins and lineage markers. When neurospheres were analyzed, CD133 positive cells were identified in addition to CD15 and nestin positive cells in both LGG and HGG. When these neurospheres were subjected to differentiation, cells positive for GFAP and β-tubulin III were observed. Expression of stem cell markers and β-tubulin III were prominent in HGG compared to LGG, whereas GFAP expression was higher in LGG than in HGG. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated that neurosphere forming ability was significantly associated with shorter PFS (P < 0.05) in both LGG and HGG. Our results supports earlier studies that neurosphere formation may serve as a definitive indicator of stem cell population within the tumor and thus a better predictor of PFS than the tumor grades alone. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 71(1):244-253, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmakrishnan C Jayakrishnan
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695011, India
| | - Easwer H Venkat
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695011, India
| | - Girish M Ramachandran
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695011, India
| | - Krishna K Kesavapisharady
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695011, India
| | - Suresh N Nair
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695011, India
| | - Bhavya Bharathan
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695011, India
| | - Neelima Radhakrishnan
- Department of Pathology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695011, India
| | - Srinivas Gopala
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695011, India
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9
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Tran AN, Walker K, Harrison DG, Chen W, Mobley J, Hocevar L, Hackney JR, Sedaka RS, Pollock JS, Goldberg MS, Hambardzumyan D, Cooper SJ, Gillespie Y, Hjelmeland AB. Reactive species balance via GTP cyclohydrolase I regulates glioblastoma growth and tumor initiating cell maintenance. Neuro Oncol 2018; 20:1055-1067. [PMID: 29409010 PMCID: PMC6280150 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Depending on the level, differentiation state, and tumor stage, reactive nitrogen and oxygen species inhibit or increase cancer growth and tumor initiating cell maintenance. The rate-limiting enzyme in a pathway that can regulate reactive species production but has not been thoroughly investigated in glioblastoma (GBM; grade IV astrocytoma) is guanosine triphosphate (GTP) cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1). We sought to define the role of GCH1 in the regulation of GBM growth and brain tumor initiating cell (BTIC) maintenance. Methods We examined GCH1 mRNA and protein expression in patient-derived xenografts, clinical samples, and glioma gene expression datasets. GCH1 levels were modulated using lentiviral expression systems, and effects on cell growth, self-renewal, reactive species production, and survival in orthotopic patient-derived xenograft models were determined. Results GCH1 was expressed in GBMs with elevated but not exclusive RNA and protein levels in BTICs in comparison to non-BTICs. Overexpression of GCH1 in GBM cells increased cell growth in vitro and decreased survival in an intracranial GBM mouse model. In converse experiments, GCH1 knockdown with short hairpin RNA led to GBM cell growth inhibition and reduced self-renewal in association with decreased CD44 expression. GCH1 was critical for controlling reactive species balance, including suppressing reactive oxygen species production, which mediated GCH1 cell growth effects. In silico analyses demonstrated that higher GCH1 levels in glioma patients correlate with higher glioma grade, recurrence, and worse survival. Conclusions GCH1 expression in established GBMs is pro-tumorigenic, causing increased growth due, in part, to promotion of BTIC maintenance and suppression of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Nhat Tran
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Kiera Walker
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - David G Harrison
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Wei Chen
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - James Mobley
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Lauren Hocevar
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - James R Hackney
- Division of Neuropathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Randee S Sedaka
- Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jennifer S Pollock
- Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Matthew S Goldberg
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | - Sara J Cooper
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama
| | - Yancey Gillespie
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Anita B Hjelmeland
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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10
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Kaid C, Goulart E, Caires-Júnior LC, Araujo BHS, Soares-Schanoski A, Bueno HMS, Telles-Silva KA, Astray RM, Assoni AF, Júnior AFR, Ventini DC, Puglia ALP, Gomes RP, Zatz M, Okamoto OK. Zika Virus Selectively Kills Aggressive Human Embryonal CNS Tumor Cells In Vitro and In Vivo. Cancer Res 2018; 78:3363-3374. [PMID: 29700002 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-3201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is largely known for causing brain abnormalities due to its ability to infect neural progenitor stem cells during early development. Here, we show that ZIKV is also capable of infecting and destroying stem-like cancer cells from aggressive human embryonal tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). When evaluating the oncolytic properties of Brazilian Zika virus strain (ZIKVBR) against human breast, prostate, colorectal, and embryonal CNS tumor cell lines, we verified a selective infection of CNS tumor cells followed by massive tumor cell death. ZIKVBR was more efficient in destroying embryonal CNS tumorspheres than normal stem cell neurospheres. A single intracerebroventricular injection of ZIKVBR in BALB/c nude mice bearing orthotopic human embryonal CNS tumor xenografts resulted in a significantly longer survival, decreased tumor burden, fewer metastasis, and complete remission in some animals. Tumor cells closely resembling neural stem cells at the molecular level with activated Wnt signaling were more susceptible to the oncolytic effects of ZIKVBR Furthermore, modulation of Wnt signaling pathway significantly affected ZIKVBR-induced tumor cell death and viral shedding. Altogether, these preclinical findings indicate that ZIKVBR could be an efficient agent to treat aggressive forms of embryonal CNS tumors and could provide mechanistic insights regarding its oncolytic effects.Significance: Brazilian Zika virus strain kills aggressive metastatic forms of human CNS tumors and could be a potential oncolytic agent for cancer therapy. Cancer Res; 78(12); 3363-74. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolini Kaid
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ernesto Goulart
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz C Caires-Júnior
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno H S Araujo
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Heloisa M S Bueno
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kayque A Telles-Silva
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Amanda F Assoni
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antônio F R Júnior
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Mayana Zatz
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Oswaldo K Okamoto
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.
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11
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da Silva PBG, Teixeira Dos Santos MC, Rodini CO, Kaid C, Pereira MCL, Furukawa G, da Cruz DSG, Goldfeder MB, Rocha CRR, Rosenberg C, Okamoto OK. High OCT4A levels drive tumorigenicity and metastatic potential of medulloblastoma cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:19192-19204. [PMID: 28186969 PMCID: PMC5386677 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is a highly aggressive pediatric brain tumor, in which sporadic expression of the pluripotency factor OCT4 has been recently correlated with poor patient survival. However the contribution of specific OCT4 isoforms to tumor aggressiveness is still poorly understood. Here, we report that medulloblastoma cells stably overexpressing the OCT4A isoform displayed enhanced clonogenic, tumorsphere generation, and invasion capabilities. Moreover, in an orthotopic metastatic model of medulloblastoma, OCT4A overexpressing cells generated more developed, aggressive and infiltrative tumors, with tumor-bearing mice attaining advanced metastatic disease and shorter survival rates. Pro-oncogenic OCT4A effects were expression-level dependent and accompanied by distinct chromosomal aberrations. OCT4A overexpression in medulloblastoma cells also induced a marked differential expression of non-coding RNAs, including poorly characterized long non-coding RNAs and small nucleolar RNAs. Altogether, our findings support the relevance of pluripotency-related factors in the aggravation of medulloblastoma traits classically associated with poor clinical outcome, and underscore the prognostic and therapeutic value of OCT4A in this challenging type of pediatric brain cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Benites Gonçalves da Silva
- Centro de Pesquisa sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcia Cristina Teixeira Dos Santos
- Centro de Pesquisa sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Oliveira Rodini
- Centro de Pesquisa sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolini Kaid
- Centro de Pesquisa sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcia Cristina Leite Pereira
- Centro de Pesquisa sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Furukawa
- Centro de Pesquisa sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel Sanzio Gimenes da Cruz
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Clarissa Ribeiro Reily Rocha
- Departmento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla Rosenberg
- Centro de Pesquisa sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Oswaldo Keith Okamoto
- Centro de Pesquisa sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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12
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Abstract
PURPOSE Given its extremely poor prognosis, there is a pressing need for an improved understanding of the biology of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), including the roles of tumor subpopulations that may contribute to their growth rate and therapy resistance. The most malignant phenotypes of GBM have been ascribed to the presence of subpopulations of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are resistant to chemotherapeutic drugs and ionizing radiation and which promote invasiveness and metastasis. The mechanisms by which the CSC state is obtained and by which it promotes tumor maintenance are only beginning to emerge. We hypothesize that M2 polarized macrophages may affect CSC phenotypes via cell-cell communication. METHODS We investigated the interplay between glioma CSCs and macrophages via co-culture. The invasiveness of CSCs in the absence and presence of macrophages was assessed using collagen degradation and Transwell migration assays. The role of STAT3 as a CSC phenotypic mediator was assessed using siRNA-mediated gene silencing. RESULTS We found that the levels of a M2 macrophage-specific secreted cytokine, TGF-β1, were elevated in the presence of CSCs, regardless of whether the cells were plated as contacting or non-contacting co-cultures. In addition, we found that the co-culture resulted in enhanced expression of M2 markers in macrophages that were previously polarized to the M1 phenotype. siRNA-mediated STAT3 silencing was found to reduce the chemo-responsiveness and migratory abilities of the CSCs. Combination treatment of STAT3 siRNA and DNA alkylating agents was found to further abrogate CSC functions. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that the co-culture of CSCs and macrophages results in bi-directional signaling that alters the phenotypes of both cell types. These results provide an explanation for recently observed effects of macrophages on GBM tumor cell growth, motility and therapeutic resistance, and suggest potential therapeutic strategies to disrupt the CSC phenotype by impairing its communication with macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leora M Nusblat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Molly J Carroll
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Charles M Roth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA. .,Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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13
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Manoranjan B, Mahendram S, Almenawer SA, Venugopal C, McFarlane N, Hallett R, Vijayakumar T, Algird A, Murty NK, Sommer DD, Provias JP, Reddy K, Singh SK. The identification of human pituitary adenoma-initiating cells. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2016; 4:125. [PMID: 27894339 PMCID: PMC5127041 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-016-0394-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Classified as benign central nervous system (CNS) tumors, pituitary adenomas account for 10% of diagnosed intracranial neoplasms. Although surgery is often curative, patients with invasive macroadenomas continue to experience significant morbidity and are prone to tumor recurrence. Given the identification of human brain tumor-initiating cells (TICs) that initiate and maintain tumor growth while promoting disease progression and relapse in multiple CNS tumors, we investigated whether TICs also drive the growth of human pituitary adenomas. Using a nanoString-based 80-gene custom codeset specific for developmental pathways, we identified a differential stem cell gene expression profile within human pituitary adenomas. Prospective functional characterization of stem cell properties in patient-derived adenomas representing all hormonal subtypes yielded a subtype-dependent self-renewal profile, which was enriched within the CD15+ cell fraction. The tumor-initiating capacity of CD15high adenoma cells was assayed in comparison to CD15low adenomas using in vivo limiting dilutions, which maintained the rare frequency of TICs. Repeated analyses using sorted cell populations for CD15+ TICs compared to CD15- adenoma cells provided further evidence of xenograft tumor formation to support CD15+ cells as putative pituitary adenoma-initiating cells (PAICs). The clinical utility of our findings was established through in silico analyses and comparative gene expression profiling of primary and recurrent pituitary adenomas. CD15 was enriched in recurrent adenomas, which was validated using routine clinical immunohistochemistry in a limited number of samples. Our work reports the first prospective identification of human PAICs using CD15. Patients with CD15high adenomas may therefore benefit from more aggressive surgical interventions and chemo/radiotherapy.
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14
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Giladi ND, Ziv-Av A, Lee HK, Finniss S, Cazacu S, Xiang C, Waldman Ben-Asher H, deCarvalho A, Mikkelsen T, Poisson L, Brodie C. RTVP-1 promotes mesenchymal transformation of glioma via a STAT-3/IL-6-dependent positive feedback loop. Oncotarget 2016; 6:22680-97. [PMID: 26267319 PMCID: PMC4673191 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBMs), the most aggressive primary brain tumors, exhibit increased invasiveness and resistance to anti-tumor treatments. We explored the role of RTVP-1, a glioma-associated protein that promotes glioma cell migration, in the mesenchymal transformation of GBM. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) demonstrated that RTVP-1 expression was higher in mesenchymal GBM and predicted tumor recurrence and poor clinical outcome. ChiP analysis revealed that the RTVP-1 promoter binds STAT3 and C/EBPβ, two master transcription factors that regulate mesenchymal transformation of GBM. In addition, IL-6 induced RTVP-1 expression in a STAT3-dependent manner. RTVP-1 increased the migration and mesenchymal transformation of glioma cells. Similarly, overexpression of RTVP-1 in human neural stem cells induced mesenchymal differentiation, whereas silencing of RTVP-1 in glioma stem cells (GSCs) decreased the mesenchymal transformation and stemness of these cells. Silencing of RTVP-1 also increased the survival of mice bearing GSC-derived xenografts. Using gene array analysis of RTVP-1 silenced glioma cells we identified IL-6 as a mediator of RTVP-1 effects on the mesenchymal transformation and migration of GSCs, therefore acting in a positive feedback loop by upregulating RTVP-1 expression via the STAT3 pathway. Collectively, these results implicate RTVP-1 as a novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nis David Giladi
- Everard and Mina Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Amotz Ziv-Av
- Everard and Mina Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Hae Kyung Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Davidson Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Tumorigenesis, Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Susan Finniss
- Department of Neurosurgery, Davidson Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Tumorigenesis, Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Simona Cazacu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Davidson Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Tumorigenesis, Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Cunli Xiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Davidson Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Tumorigenesis, Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Hiba Waldman Ben-Asher
- Everard and Mina Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Ana deCarvalho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Davidson Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Tumorigenesis, Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Tom Mikkelsen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Davidson Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Tumorigenesis, Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Laila Poisson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Chaya Brodie
- Everard and Mina Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.,Department of Neurosurgery, Davidson Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Tumorigenesis, Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
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15
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Silva PBGD, Rodini CO, Kaid C, Nakahata AM, Pereira MCL, Matushita H, Costa SSD, Okamoto OK. Establishment of a novel human medulloblastoma cell line characterized by highly aggressive stem-like cells. Cytotechnology 2015; 68:1545-60. [PMID: 26358937 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-015-9914-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is a highly aggressive brain tumor and one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality related to childhood cancer. These tumors display differential ability to metastasize and respond to treatment, which reflects their high degree of heterogeneity at the genetic and molecular levels. Such heterogeneity of medulloblastoma brings an additional challenge to the understanding of its physiopathology and impacts the development of new therapeutic strategies. This translational effort has been the focus of most pre-clinical studies which invariably employ experimental models using human tumor cell lines. Nonetheless, compared to other cancers, relatively few cell lines of human medulloblastoma are available in central repositories, partly due to the rarity of these tumors and to the intrinsic difficulties in establishing continuous cell lines from pediatric brain tumors. Here, we report the establishment of a new human medulloblastoma cell line which, in comparison with the commonly used and well-established cell line Daoy, is characterized by enhanced proliferation and invasion capabilities, stem cell properties, increased chemoresistance, tumorigenicity in an orthotopic metastatic model, replication of original medulloblastoma behavior in vivo, strong chromosome structural instability and deregulation of genes involved in neural development. These features are advantageous for designing biologically relevant experimental models in clinically oriented studies, making this novel cell line, named USP-13-Med, instrumental for the study of medulloblastoma biology and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Benites Gonçalves da Silva
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Centro de Pesquisa sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Carolina Oliveira Rodini
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Centro de Pesquisa sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Carolini Kaid
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Centro de Pesquisa sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Adriana Miti Nakahata
- Fundação Antônio Prudente, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Tagua, 440, Liberdade, São Paulo, CEP 01508-010, Brazil
| | - Márcia Cristina Leite Pereira
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Centro de Pesquisa sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Hamilton Matushita
- Departamento de Neurologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar 255, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, CEP 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Silvia Souza da Costa
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Centro de Pesquisa sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Oswaldo Keith Okamoto
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Centro de Pesquisa sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-090, Brazil.
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16
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Santos MCT, Silva PBG, Rodini CO, Furukawa G, Marco Antonio DS, Zanotto-Filho A, Moreira JCF, Okamoto OK. Embryonic Stem Cell-Related Protein L1TD1 Is Required for Cell Viability, Neurosphere Formation, and Chemoresistance in Medulloblastoma. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:2700-8. [PMID: 26159230 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Misexpression of stem cell-related genes may occur in some cancer cells, influencing patient's prognosis. This is the case of medulloblastoma, a common and clinically challenging malignant tumor of the central nervous system, where expression of the pluripotency factor, OCT4, is correlated with poor survival. A downstream target of OCT4, L1TD1 (LINE-1 type transposase domain-containing protein 1 family member), encodes a novel embryonic stem cell (ESC)-related protein involved in pluripotency and self-renewal of ESCs. L1TD1 is still poorly characterized and its expression pattern and function in cancer cells are virtually unknown. Although normally restricted to non-neoplastic undifferentiated cells and germ cells, we found that high L1TD1 expression also occurs in medulloblastoma cells, reaching levels similar to those found in ESCs, and is correlated with poor prognosis. Conversely to what is reported during normal cell differentiation, when differentiated cells remain healthy, despite L1TD1 downregulation, depletion of L1TD1 protein levels by targeted gene silencing significantly reduced medulloblastoma cell viability, inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis. More strikingly, L1TD1 depletion downregulated expression of the neural stem cell markers, CD133 and Nestin, inhibited neurosphere generation capability, and sensitized medulloblastoma cells to temozolomide and cisplatin, two chemotherapeutic agents of clinical relevance in medulloblastoma treatment. Our findings provide insights about the contribution of pluripotency-related genes to a more aggressive tumor phenotype through their involvement in the acquisition of stem-like properties by cancer cells and point out L1TD1 as a potential therapeutic target in malignant brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia Cristina Teixeira Santos
- 1 Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Benites Gonçalves Silva
- 1 Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Oliveira Rodini
- 1 Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Furukawa
- 1 Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - David Santos Marco Antonio
- 1 Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alfeu Zanotto-Filho
- 2 Department of Biochemistry, Oxidative Stress Research Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - José C F Moreira
- 2 Department of Biochemistry, Oxidative Stress Research Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Oswaldo Keith Okamoto
- 1 Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil
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17
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Kaid C, Silva PBG, Cortez BA, Rodini CO, Semedo-Kuriki P, Okamoto OK. miR-367 promotes proliferation and stem-like traits in medulloblastoma cells. Cancer Sci 2015; 106:1188-95. [PMID: 26250335 PMCID: PMC4582988 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In medulloblastoma, abnormal expression of pluripotency factors such as LIN28 and OCT4 has been correlated with poor patient survival. The miR-302/367 cluster has also been shown to control self-renewal and pluripotency in human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, but there is limited, mostly correlational, information about these pluripotency-related miRNA in cancer. We evaluated whether aberrant expression of such miRNA could affect tumor cell behavior and stem-like traits, thereby contributing to the aggressiveness of medulloblastoma cells. Basal expression of primary and mature forms of miR-367 were detected in four human medulloblastoma cell lines and expression of the latter was found to be upregulated upon enforced expression of OCT4A. Transient overexpression of miR-367 significantly enhanced tumor features typically correlated with poor prognosis; namely, cell proliferation, 3-D tumor spheroid cell invasion and the ability to generate neurosphere-like structures enriched in CD133 expressing cells. A concurrent downregulation of the miR-367 cancer-related targets RYR3, ITGAV and RAB23, was also detected in miR-367-overexpressing cells. Overall, these findings support the pro-oncogenic activity of miR-367 in medulloblastoma and reveal a possible mechanism contributing to tumor aggressiveness, which could be further explored to improve patient stratification and treatment of this important type of pediatric brain cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolini Kaid
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia B G Silva
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Beatriz A Cortez
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina O Rodini
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia Semedo-Kuriki
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Oswaldo K Okamoto
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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18
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A standardized and reproducible protocol for serum-free monolayer culturing of primary paediatric brain tumours to be utilized for therapeutic assays. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12218. [PMID: 26183281 PMCID: PMC4505308 DOI: 10.1038/srep12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro cultured brain tumour cells are indispensable tools for drug screening and therapeutic development. Serum-free culture conditions tentatively preserve the features of the original tumour, but commonly comprise neurosphere propagation, which is a technically challenging procedure. Here, we define a simple, non-expensive and reproducible serum-free cell culture protocol for establishment and propagation of primary paediatric brain tumour cultures as adherent monolayers. The success rates for establishment of primary cultures (including medulloblastomas, atypical rhabdoid tumour, ependymomas and astrocytomas) were 65% (11/17) and 78% (14/18) for sphere cultures and monolayers respectively. Monolayer culturing was particularly feasible for less aggressive tumour subsets, where neurosphere cultures could not be generated. We show by immunofluorescent labelling that monolayers display phenotypic similarities with corresponding sphere cultures and primary tumours, and secrete clinically relevant inflammatory factors, including PGE2, VEGF, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-15. Moreover, secretion of PGE2 was considerably reduced by treatment with the COX-2 inhibitor Valdecoxib, demonstrating the functional utility of our newly established monolayer for preclinical therapeutic assays. Our findings suggest that this culture method could increase the availability and comparability of clinically representative in vitro models of paediatric brain tumours, and encourages further molecular evaluation of serum-free monolayer cultures.
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19
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Prognostic value of glioma cancer stem cell isolation in survival of primary glioblastoma patients. Stem Cells Int 2014; 2014:838950. [PMID: 25580136 PMCID: PMC4279114 DOI: 10.1155/2014/838950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been reported to be critical in the initiation, maintenance, and progression of cancers. The expression of stem cell markers, such as podoplanin (PDPN), CD133, and nestin, may have been correlated with malignant progression. However, the effects of CSCs and stem cell markers on clinical outcomes in cancer patients remain unclear. In this study, we assessed the prognostic roles of glioma CSCs (gCSCs) isolation and stem cell markers in patients with primary glioblastoma (pGBM). A cohort of 39 patients with pGBM was separated into two groups, those positive or negative for gCSCs, and the correlation between gCSC and patient survival was evaluated. We observed significantly different cumulative survival (P = 0.045) when comparing patients positive for gCSCs patients and negative for gCSC. Among the patients positive for gCSCs, we observed no significant differences in survival between those whose gCSCs were each positive or negative for PDPN, CD133, or nestin. This study strongly supports the prognostic value of gCSCs isolation on the survival of patients with pGBM.
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20
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Vanner RJ, Remke M, Gallo M, Selvadurai HJ, Coutinho F, Lee L, Kushida M, Head R, Morrissy S, Zhu X, Aviv T, Voisin V, Clarke ID, Li Y, Mungall AJ, Moore RA, Ma Y, Jones SJM, Marra MA, Malkin D, Northcott PA, Kool M, Pfister SM, Bader G, Hochedlinger K, Korshunov A, Taylor MD, Dirks PB. Quiescent sox2(+) cells drive hierarchical growth and relapse in sonic hedgehog subgroup medulloblastoma. Cancer Cell 2014; 26:33-47. [PMID: 24954133 PMCID: PMC4441014 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Functional heterogeneity within tumors presents a significant therapeutic challenge. Here we show that quiescent, therapy-resistant Sox2(+) cells propagate sonic hedgehog subgroup medulloblastoma by a mechanism that mirrors a neurogenic program. Rare Sox2(+) cells produce rapidly cycling doublecortin(+) progenitors that, together with their postmitotic progeny expressing NeuN, comprise tumor bulk. Sox2(+) cells are enriched following anti-mitotic chemotherapy and Smoothened inhibition, creating a reservoir for tumor regrowth. Lineage traces from Sox2(+) cells increase following treatment, suggesting that this population is responsible for relapse. Targeting Sox2(+) cells with the antineoplastic mithramycin abrogated tumor growth. Addressing functional heterogeneity and eliminating Sox2(+) cells presents a promising therapeutic paradigm for treatment of sonic hedgehog subgroup medulloblastoma.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Nuclear/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cell Lineage
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cerebellar Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Cerebellar Neoplasms/genetics
- Cerebellar Neoplasms/metabolism
- Cerebellar Neoplasms/pathology
- DNA-Binding Proteins
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Doublecortin Domain Proteins
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Hedgehog Proteins/genetics
- Hedgehog Proteins/metabolism
- Medulloblastoma/drug therapy
- Medulloblastoma/genetics
- Medulloblastoma/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Microtubule-Associated Proteins/metabolism
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Neurogenesis
- Neuropeptides/metabolism
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Patched Receptors
- Plicamycin/pharmacology
- Prognosis
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- SOXB1 Transcription Factors/genetics
- SOXB1 Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Smoothened Receptor
- Time Factors
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Vanner
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre and Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children (HSC), Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, HSC, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Marc Remke
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre and Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children (HSC), Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, HSC, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Marco Gallo
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre and Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children (HSC), Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, HSC, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Hayden J Selvadurai
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre and Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children (HSC), Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, HSC, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Fiona Coutinho
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre and Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children (HSC), Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, HSC, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Lilian Lee
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre and Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children (HSC), Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, HSC, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Michelle Kushida
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre and Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children (HSC), Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, HSC, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Renee Head
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre and Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children (HSC), Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, HSC, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Sorana Morrissy
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre and Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children (HSC), Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, HSC, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Xueming Zhu
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre and Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children (HSC), Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, HSC, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Tzvi Aviv
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre and Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children (HSC), Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, HSC, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Veronique Voisin
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Ian D Clarke
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre and Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children (HSC), Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, HSC, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; OCAD University, Toronto, ON M5T1W1, Canada
| | - Yisu Li
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC VSZ 4S6, Canada
| | - Andrew J Mungall
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC VSZ 4S6, Canada
| | - Richard A Moore
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC VSZ 4S6, Canada
| | - Yussanne Ma
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC VSZ 4S6, Canada
| | - Steven J M Jones
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC VSZ 4S6, Canada
| | - Marco A Marra
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC VSZ 4S6, Canada
| | - David Malkin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, HSC, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Paul A Northcott
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcel Kool
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gary Bader
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Konrad Hochedlinger
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Andrey Korshunov
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Centre, DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael D Taylor
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre and Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children (HSC), Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, HSC, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Peter B Dirks
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre and Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children (HSC), Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, HSC, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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21
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Manoranjan B, Wang X, Hallett RM, Venugopal C, Mack SC, McFarlane N, Nolte SM, Scheinemann K, Gunnarsson T, Hassell JA, Taylor MD, Lee C, Triscott J, Foster CM, Dunham C, Hawkins C, Dunn SE, Singh SK. FoxG1 interacts with Bmi1 to regulate self-renewal and tumorigenicity of medulloblastoma stem cells. Stem Cells 2014; 31:1266-77. [PMID: 23592496 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2012] [Revised: 01/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Brain tumors represent the leading cause of childhood cancer mortality, of which medulloblastoma (MB) is the most frequent malignant tumor. Recent studies have demonstrated the presence of several MB molecular subgroups, each distinct in terms of prognosis and predicted therapeutic response. Groups 1 and 2 are characterized by relatively good clinical outcomes and activation of the Wnt and Shh pathways, respectively. In contrast, groups 3 and 4 ("non-Shh/Wnt MBs") are distinguished by metastatic disease, poor patient outcome, and lack a molecular pathway phenotype. Current gene expression platforms have not detected brain tumor-initiating cell (BTIC) self-renewal genes in groups 3 and 4 MBs as BTICs typically comprise a minority of tumor cells and may therefore go undetected on bulk tumor analyses. Since increasing BTIC frequency has been associated with increasing tumor aggressiveness and poor patient outcome, we investigated the subgroup-specific gene expression profile of candidate stem cell genes within 251 primary human MBs from four nonoverlapping MB transcriptional databases (Amsterdam, Memphis, Toronto, Boston) and 74 NanoString-subgrouped MBs (Vancouver). We assessed the functional relevance of two genes, FoxG1 and Bmi1, which were significantly enriched in non-Shh/Wnt MBs and showed these genes to mediate MB stem cell self-renewal and tumor initiation in mice. We also identified their transcriptional regulation through reciprocal promoter occupancy in CD15+ MB stem cells. Our work demonstrates the application of stem cell data gathered from genomic platforms to guide functional BTIC assays, which may then be used to develop novel BTIC self-renewal mechanisms amenable to therapeutic targeting.
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22
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Panosyan EH, Wang Y, Xia P, Lee WNP, Pak Y, Laks DR, Lin HJ, Moore TB, Cloughesy TF, Kornblum HI, Lasky JL. Asparagine depletion potentiates the cytotoxic effect of chemotherapy against brain tumors. Mol Cancer Res 2014; 12:694-702. [PMID: 24505127 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-13-0576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Targeting amino acid metabolism has therapeutic implications for aggressive brain tumors. Asparagine is an amino acid that is synthesized by normal cells. However, some cancer cells lack asparagine synthetase (ASNS), the key enzyme for asparagine synthesis. Asparaginase (ASNase) contributes to eradication of acute leukemia by decreasing asparagine levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. However, leukemic cells may become ASNase-resistant by upregulating ASNS. High expression of ASNS has also been associated with biologic aggressiveness of other cancers, including gliomas. Here, the impact of enzymatic depletion of asparagine on proliferation of brain tumor cells was determined. ASNase was used as monotherapy or in combination with conventional chemotherapeutic agents. Viability assays for ASNase-treated cells demonstrated significant growth reduction in multiple cell lines. This effect was reversed by glutamine in a dose-dependent manner--as expected, because glutamine is the main amino group donor for asparagine synthesis. ASNase treatment also reduced sphere formation by medulloblastoma and primary glioblastoma cells. ASNase-resistant glioblastoma cells exhibited elevated levels of ASNS mRNA. ASNase cotreatment significantly enhanced gemcitabine or etoposide cytotoxicity against glioblastoma cells. Xenograft tumors in vivo showed no significant response to ASNase monotherapy and little response to temozolomide alone. However, combinatorial therapy with ASNase and temozolomide resulted in significant growth suppression for an extended duration of time. Taken together, these findings indicate that amino acid depletion warrants further investigation as adjunctive therapy for brain tumors. IMPLICATIONS Findings have potential impact for providing adjuvant means to enhance brain tumor chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard H Panosyan
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance; Departments of 2Psychiatry and Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and 3Pediatrics; and 4The Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California
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23
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Donovan P, Cato K, Legaie R, Jayalath R, Olsson G, Hall B, Olson S, Boros S, Reynolds BA, Harding A. Hyperdiploid tumor cells increase phenotypic heterogeneity within Glioblastoma tumors. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2014; 10:741-58. [PMID: 24448662 DOI: 10.1039/c3mb70484j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Here we report the identification of a proliferative, viable, and hyperdiploid tumor cell subpopulation present within Glioblastoma (GB) patient tumors. Using xenograft tumor models, we demonstrate that hyperdiploid cell populations are maintained in xenograft tumors and that clonally expanded hyperdiploid cells support tumor formation and progression in vivo. In some patient tumorsphere lines, hyperdiploidy is maintained during long-term culture and in vivo within xenograft tumor models, suggesting that hyperdiploidy can be a stable cell state. In other patient lines hyperdiploid cells display genetic drift in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that in these patients hyperdiploidy is a transient cell state that generates novel phenotypes, potentially facilitating rapid tumor evolution. We show that the hyperdiploid cells are resistant to conventional therapy, in part due to infrequent cell division due to a delay in the G₀/G₁ phase of the cell cycle. Hyperdiploid tumor cells are significantly larger and more metabolically active than euploid cancer cells, and this correlates to an increased sensitivity to the effects of glycolysis inhibition. Together these data identify GB hyperdiploid tumor cells as a potentially important subpopulation of cells that are well positioned to contribute to tumor evolution and disease recurrence in adult brain cancer patients, and suggest tumor metabolism as a promising point of therapeutic intervention against this subpopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prudence Donovan
- Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne EPFL, School of Life Sciences SV, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research ISREC, Switzerland.
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24
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Fouse SD, Nakamura JL, James CD, Chang S, Costello JF. Response of primary glioblastoma cells to therapy is patient specific and independent of cancer stem cell phenotype. Neuro Oncol 2013; 16:361-71. [PMID: 24311636 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/not223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) contains a population of cells that exhibit stem cell phenotypes. These cancer stem cells (CSCs) may be a source of therapeutic resistance, although support for this important concept is limited. METHODS We determined whether early-passage GBM CSCs respond differently than patient-matched, genotypically similar non-CSCs to clinically relevant single or serial doses of temozolomide (TMZ), radiation therapy (XRT), or alternating TMZ treatment and XRT, which is the standard of care for GBM patients. RESULTS Despite the phenotypic differences, including the presence of stem cell markers and formation of intracranial tumors, the CSCs and matched non-CSCs were equally resistant to TMZ in a majority of patients, using 2 independent assays. TMZ response was consistent with methylated O(6)-DNA methylguanine-methyltransferase (MGMT) and MGMT protein levels in both culture types. In contrast, CSCs were unexpectedly more responsive to XRT compared with matched non-CSCs from 2 patients despite having relatively equal resistance to TMZ. However, for the majority of culture pairs from individual patients, responses in CSCs were indistinguishable from non-CSC cultures. CONCLUSIONS In our patient-matched primary cultures, response to TMZ was tightly linked to the individual tumor's MGMT status and independent of their phenotypic differences. TMZ and XRT together revealed no additive benefit compared with monotherapy for either culture type, in contrast to the notion that the CSC population is more resistant to XRT. If the tumor cell response in vitro mirrors therapeutic response in larger patient cohorts, these rapid assays in primary cultures could allow -empirical selection of efficacious therapeutic agents on a patient-specific basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun D Fouse
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California (S.D.F., C.D.J., S.C., J.F.C); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California (J.L.N.)
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25
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Balvers RK, Kleijn A, Kloezeman JJ, French PJ, Kremer A, van den Bent MJ, Dirven CMF, Leenstra S, Lamfers MLM. Serum-free culture success of glial tumors is related to specific molecular profiles and expression of extracellular matrix-associated gene modules. Neuro Oncol 2013; 15:1684-95. [PMID: 24046260 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/not116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent molecular characterization studies have identified clinically relevant molecular subtypes to coexist within the same histological entities of glioma. Comparative studies between serum-supplemented and serum-free (SF) culture conditions have demonstrated that SF conditions select for glioma stem-like cells, which superiorly conserve genomic alterations. However, neither the representation of molecular subtypes within SF culture assays nor the molecular distinctions between successful and nonsuccessful attempts have been elucidated. METHODS A cohort of 261 glioma samples from varying histological grades was documented for SF culture success and clinical outcome. Gene expression and single nucleotide polymorphism arrays were interrogated on a panel of tumors for comparative analysis of SF+ (successful cultures) and SF- (unsuccessful cultures). RESULTS SF culture outcome was correlated with tumor grade, while no relation was found between SF+ and patient overall survival. Copy number-based hierarchical clustering revealed an absolute separation between SF+ and SF- parental tumors. All SF+ cultures are derived from tumors that are isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) wild type, chromosome 7 amplified, and chromosome 10q deleted. SF- cultures derived from IDH1 mutant tumors demonstrated a fade-out of mutated cells during the first passages. SF+ tumors were enriched for The Cancer Genome Atlas Classical subtype and intrinsic glioma subtype-18. Comparative gene ontology analysis between SF+ and SF- tumors demonstrated enrichment for modules associated with extracellular matrix composition, Hox-gene signaling, and inflammation. CONCLUSION SF cultures are derived from a subset of parental tumors with a shared molecular background including enrichment for extracellular matrix-associated gene modules. These results provide leads to develop enhanced culture protocols for glioma samples not propagatable under current SF conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutger K Balvers
- Corresponding Author: Martine Lamfers, PhD, Dept. of Neurosurgery, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, Ee2236, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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26
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Isolation of glioma cancer stem cells in relation to histological grades in glioma specimens. Childs Nerv Syst 2013; 29:217-29. [PMID: 23143002 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-012-1964-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in glioblastoma has been proposed. However, the unknown knowledge that is yet to be revealed is the presence of glioma CSCs (gCSCs) in correlation to each WHO grades of glioma. We approached this study with a hypothesis that specimens from high-grade gliomas would have higher isolation rate of gCSCs in comparison to those of lower-grade gliomas. METHODS The glioma specimens were obtained from patients and underwent gliomasphere assay. The gliomaspheres were chosen to be analyzed with immunocytochemisty for surface markers. Then the selected gliomaspheres were exposed to neural differentiation conditions. Lastly, we made mouse orthotopic glioma models to examine the capacity of gliomagenesis. RESULTS The gliomaspheres were formed in WHO grade IV (13 of 21) and III (two of nine) gliomas. Among them, WHO grade IV (11 of 13) and III (two of two) gliomaspheres showed similar surface markers to gCSCs and were capable of neural differentiation. Lastly, among the chosen cells, 10 of 11 WHO grade IV and two of two WHO grade III gliomaspheres were capable of gliomagenesis. Thus, overall, the rates of existence of gCSCs were more prominent in high-grade gliomas: 47.6% (10 of 21) in WHO grade IV gliomas and 22.2% (two of nine) in WHO grade III gliomas, whereas WHO grade II and I gliomas showed virtually no gCSCs. CONCLUSIONS This trend of stage-by-stage increase of gCSCs in gliomas showed statistical significance by chi-square test linear-by-linear association. We prove that the rates of existence of gCSCs increase proportionally as the WHO grades of gliomas rise.
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Manoranjan B, Venugopal C, McFarlane N, Doble BW, Dunn SE, Scheinemann K, Singh SK. Medulloblastoma stem cells: modeling tumor heterogeneity. Cancer Lett 2012; 338:23-31. [PMID: 22796365 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Brain tumors represent the leading cause of childhood cancer mortality, with medulloblastoma (MB) being the most frequent malignant tumor. In this review we discuss the morphological and molecular heterogeneity of this malignant childhood brain tumor and how this key feature has implicated the presence of a MB stem cell. We focus on evidence from cerebellar development, histopathological and molecular subtypes of MB, the recent identification of brain tumor-initiating cells (BTICs, also referred to as MB stem cells), and the current limitations in studying the interplay between MB stem cells and tumor heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branavan Manoranjan
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1
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28
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Pediatr 2012; 24:134-44. [PMID: 22245849 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0b013e328350498a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bmi1 marks intermediate precursors during differentiation of human brain tumor initiating cells. Stem Cell Res 2011; 8:141-53. [PMID: 22265735 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2011.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The master regulatory gene Bmi1 modulates key stem cell properties in neural precursor cells (NPCs), and has been implicated in brain tumorigenesis. We previously identified a population of CD133+ brain tumor cells possessing stem cell properties, known as brain tumor initiating cells (BTICs). Here, we characterize the expression and role of Bmi1 in primary minimally cultured human glioblastoma (GBM) patient isolates in CD133+ and CD133- sorted populations. We find that Bmi1 expression is increased in CD133- cells, and Bmi1 protein and transcript expression are highest during intermediate stages of differentiation as CD133+ BTICs lose their CD133 expression. Furthermore, in vitro stem cell assays and Bmi1 knockdown show that Bmi1 contributes to self-renewal in CD133+ populations, but regulates proliferation and cell fate determination in CD133- populations. Finally, we test if our in vitro stem cell assays and Bmi1 expression in BTIC patient isolates are predictive of clinical outcome for GBM patients. Bmi1 expression profiles show a marked elevation in the proneural GBM subtype, and stem cell frequency as assessed by tumor sphere assays correlates with patient outcome.
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Visnyei K, Onodera H, Damoiseaux R, Saigusa K, Petrosyan S, De Vries D, Ferrari D, Saxe J, Panosyan EH, Masterman-Smith M, Mottahedeh J, Bradley KA, Huang J, Sabatti C, Nakano I, Kornblum HI. A molecular screening approach to identify and characterize inhibitors of glioblastoma stem cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2011; 10:1818-28. [PMID: 21859839 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-11-0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is among the most lethal of all cancers. GBM consist of a heterogeneous population of tumor cells among which a tumor-initiating and treatment-resistant subpopulation, here termed GBM stem cells, have been identified as primary therapeutic targets. Here, we describe a high-throughput small molecule screening approach that enables the identification and characterization of chemical compounds that are effective against GBM stem cells. The paradigm uses a tissue culture model to enrich for GBM stem cells derived from human GBM resections and combines a phenotype-based screen with gene target-specific screens for compound identification. We used 31,624 small molecules from 7 chemical libraries that we characterized and ranked based on their effect on a panel of GBM stem cell-enriched cultures and their effect on the expression of a module of genes whose expression negatively correlates with clinical outcome: MELK, ASPM, TOP2A, and FOXM1b. Of the 11 compounds meeting criteria for exerting differential effects across cell types used, 4 compounds showed selectivity by inhibiting multiple GBM stem cells-enriched cultures compared with nonenriched cultures: emetine, n-arachidonoyl dopamine, n-oleoyldopamine (OLDA), and n-palmitoyl dopamine. ChemBridge compounds #5560509 and #5256360 inhibited the expression of the 4 mitotic module genes. OLDA, emetine, and compounds #5560509 and #5256360 were chosen for more detailed study and inhibited GBM stem cells in self-renewal assays in vitro and in a xenograft model in vivo. These studies show that our screening strategy provides potential candidates and a blueprint for lead compound identification in larger scale screens or screens involving other cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koppany Visnyei
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Mimeault M, Batra SK. Complex oncogenic signaling networks regulate brain tumor-initiating cells and their progenies: pivotal roles of wild-type EGFR, EGFRvIII mutant and hedgehog cascades and novel multitargeted therapies. Brain Pathol 2011; 21:479-500. [PMID: 21615592 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2011.00505.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex signaling cross-talks between different growth factor cascades orchestrate the primary brain cancer development. Among the frequent deregulated oncogenic pathways, the ligand-activated wild-type epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), constitutively activated EGFRvIII mutant and sonic hedgehog pathways have attracted much attention because of their pivotal roles in pediatric medulloblastomas and adult glioblastoma multiformes (GBM) brain tumors. The enhanced expression levels and activation of EGFR, EGFRvIII mutant and hedgehog signaling elements can provide key roles for the sustained growth, migration and local invasion of brain tumor-initiating cells (BTICs) and their progenies, resistance to current therapies and disease relapse. These tumorigenic cascades also can cooperate with Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)/PDGF receptors (PDGFRs), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-Met receptor and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGF receptors (VEGFRs) for the acquisition of a more malignant behavior and survival advantages by brain tumor cells during disease progression. Therefore, the simultaneous targeting of these oncogenic signaling components including wild-type EGFR, EGFRvIII mutant and hedgehog pathways may constitute a potential therapeutic approach of great clinical interest to eradicate BTICs and improve the efficacy of current clinical treatments by radiation and/or chemotherapy against aggressive and recurrent medulloblastomas and GBMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murielle Mimeault
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Eppley Cancer Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Neb. 68198-5870, USA.
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High-dose chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic stem-cell rescue for pediatric brain tumor patients: a single institution experience from UCLA. J Transplant 2011; 2011:740673. [PMID: 21559259 PMCID: PMC3087896 DOI: 10.1155/2011/740673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Revised: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Dose-dependent response makes certain pediatric brain tumors appropriate targets for high-dose chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic stem-cell rescue (HDCT-AHSCR). Methods. The clinical outcomes and toxicities were analyzed retrospectively for 18 consecutive patients ≤19 y/o treated with HDCT-AHSCR at UCLA (1999-2009). Results. Patients' median age was 2.3 years. Fourteen had primary and 4 recurrent tumors: 12 neural/embryonal (7 medulloblastomas, 4 primitive neuroectodermal tumors, and a pineoblastoma), 3 glial/mixed, and 3 germ cell tumors. Eight patients had initial gross-total and seven subtotal resections. HDCT mostly consisted of carboplatin and/or thiotepa ± etoposide (n = 16). Nine patients underwent a single AHSCR and nine ≥3 tandems. Three-year progression-free and overall survival probabilities were 60.5% ± 16 and 69.3% ± 11.5. Ten patients with pre-AHSCR complete remissions were alive/disease-free, whereas 5 of 8 with measurable disease were deceased (median followup: 2.3 yrs). Nine of 13 survivors avoided radiation. Single AHSCR regimens had greater toxicity than ≥3 AHSCR (P < .01). Conclusion. HDCT-AHSCR has a definitive, though limited role for selected pediatric brain tumors with poor prognosis and pretransplant complete/partial remissions.
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Junier MP, Sharif A. [Instability of cell phenotype and tumor initiating cells in gliomas]. Biol Aujourdhui 2011; 205:63-74. [PMID: 21501577 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2011002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas, the most frequent primitive CNS tumors, have been suggested to originate from astrocytes or from neural progenitors/stem cells. However, the precise identity of the cells at the origin of gliomas remains a matter of debate because no pre-neoplastic state has been yet identified. TGFα, an EGF family member, is frequently over-expressed in the early stages of glioma progression. We questioned whether prolonged TGFα exposure affects the stability of the normal mature astrocyte phenotype and, eventually, their propensity to cancerous transformation. Using mouse astrocyte cultures devoid of residual neural stem cells or progenitors, we demonstrate that several days of TGFα-treatment result in the functional conversion of a population of mature astrocytes into radial glial cells, a population of neural progenitors, without any accompanying sign of cancerous transformation. In contrast, when astrocytes de-differentiated with TGFα were submitted to oncogenic stress using gamma irradiation, they acquired cancerous properties, forming high-grade glioma-like tumors after brain grafting. Gamma irradiation was without effect on astrocytes which were not treated with TGFα. These results suggested that most gliomas should contain tumor cells with stem-like properties (TSCs). Our study of 55 pediatric brain tumors show that tumor cells with stem cell-like or progenitor-like properties can be isolated from a majority of gliomas. Survival analysis showed an association between isolation of TSCs with extended self-renewal capabilities and a patient's higher mortality rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Pierre Junier
- Inserm, UMR894, Équipe Plasticité gliale, Université Paris V, 75006 Paris, France.
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Thirant C, Bessette B, Varlet P, Puget S, Cadusseau J, Dos Reis Tavares S, Studler JM, Silvestre DC, Susini A, Villa C, Miquel C, Bogeas A, Surena AL, Dias-Morais A, Léonard N, Pflumio F, Bièche I, Boussin FD, Sainte-Rose C, Grill J, Daumas-Duport C, Chneiweiss H, Junier MP. Clinical relevance of tumor cells with stem-like properties in pediatric brain tumors. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16375. [PMID: 21297991 PMCID: PMC3030582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 12/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Primitive brain tumors are the leading cause of cancer-related death in children. Tumor cells with stem-like properties (TSCs), thought to account for tumorigenesis and therapeutic resistance, have been isolated from high-grade gliomas in adults. Whether TSCs are a common component of pediatric brain tumors and are of clinical relevance remains to be determined. Methodology/Principal Findings Tumor cells with self-renewal properties were isolated with cell biology techniques from a majority of 55 pediatric brain tumors samples, regardless of their histopathologies and grades of malignancy (57% of embryonal tumors, 57% of low-grade gliomas and neuro-glial tumors, 70% of ependymomas, 91% of high-grade gliomas). Most high-grade glioma-derived oncospheres (10/12) sustained long-term self-renewal akin to neural stem cells (>7 self-renewals), whereas cells with limited renewing abilities akin to neural progenitors dominated in all other tumors. Regardless of tumor entities, the young age group was associated with self-renewal properties akin to neural stem cells (P = 0.05, chi-square test). Survival analysis of the cohort showed an association between isolation of cells with long-term self-renewal abilities and a higher patient mortality rate (P = 0.013, log-rank test). Sampling of low- and high-grade glioma cultures showed that self-renewing cells forming oncospheres shared a molecular profile comprising embryonic and neural stem cell markers. Further characterization performed on subsets of high-grade gliomas and one low-grade glioma culture showed combination of this profile with mesenchymal markers, the radio-chemoresistance of the cells and the formation of aggressive tumors after intracerebral grafting. Conclusions/Significance In brain tumors affecting adult patients, TSCs have been isolated only from high-grade gliomas. In contrast, our data show that tumor cells with stem cell-like or progenitor-like properties can be isolated from a wide range of histological sub-types and grades of pediatric brain tumors. They suggest that cellular mechanisms fueling tumor development differ between adult and pediatric brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Thirant
- Inserm, UMR894, Team Glial Plasticity, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Barbara Bessette
- Inserm, UMR894, Team Glial Plasticity, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Varlet
- Inserm, UMR894, Team Glial Plasticity, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Department of Neuropathology, Hospital Sainte-Anne, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Puget
- Pediatric Neurosurgical Department. Hospital Necker, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 8203, Vectorology and Anticancer Therapeutics, Gustave Roussy Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
| | | | | | - Jeanne-Marie Studler
- Inserm, UMR894, Team Glial Plasticity, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - David Carlos Silvestre
- Laboratoire de Radiopathologie UMR 967, CEA-INSERM-Université Paris VII, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Aurélie Susini
- Laboratoire d'Oncogénétique - INSERM U735, Institut Curie/Hôpital René Huguenin, St-Cloud, France
| | - Chiara Villa
- Inserm, UMR894, Team Glial Plasticity, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Department of Neuropathology, Hospital Sainte-Anne, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Miquel
- Inserm, UMR894, Team Glial Plasticity, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Department of Neuropathology, Hospital Sainte-Anne, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Bogeas
- Inserm, UMR894, Team Glial Plasticity, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Laure Surena
- Inserm, UMR894, Team Glial Plasticity, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Amélia Dias-Morais
- Inserm, UMR894, Team Glial Plasticity, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Nadine Léonard
- Inserm, UMR894, Team Glial Plasticity, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Department of Neuropathology, Hospital Sainte-Anne, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Pflumio
- Laboratoire des Cellules Souches Hématopoïétiques et Leucémiques, UMR U967, CEA-INSERM-Université Paris VII, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Ivan Bièche
- Laboratoire d'Oncogénétique - INSERM U735, Institut Curie/Hôpital René Huguenin, St-Cloud, France
| | - François D. Boussin
- Laboratoire de Radiopathologie UMR 967, CEA-INSERM-Université Paris VII, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Christian Sainte-Rose
- Pediatric Neurosurgical Department. Hospital Necker, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Grill
- CNRS UMR 8203, Vectorology and Anticancer Therapeutics, Gustave Roussy Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Catherine Daumas-Duport
- Inserm, UMR894, Team Glial Plasticity, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Department of Neuropathology, Hospital Sainte-Anne, Paris, France
| | - Hervé Chneiweiss
- Inserm, UMR894, Team Glial Plasticity, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Junier
- Inserm, UMR894, Team Glial Plasticity, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Department of Neuropathology, Hospital Sainte-Anne, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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McLendon RE, Rich JN. Glioblastoma Stem Cells: A Neuropathologist's View. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2010; 2011:397195. [PMID: 21052560 PMCID: PMC2971570 DOI: 10.1155/2011/397195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (WHO Grade IV) is both the most common primary brain tumor and the most malignant. Advances in the understanding of the biology of the tumor are needed in order to obtain a clearer picture of the mechanisms driving these tumors. To neuropathologists, glioblastoma is a tumor that represents a complex system of migrating pleomorphic tumor cells, proliferating blood vessels, infiltrating inflammatory cells, and necrosis. This review will highlight how the glioma stem cell concept brings these elements together into a collective whole, interacting with microenvironmental influences in complex ways. Borrowing from chaos theory a vocabulary of "self organizing systems" and "complex adaptive systems" that seem useful in describing these pathologic features, a new paradigm of glioblastoma biology will be proposed that genetic changes should be understood in a three dimensional framework as they relate not only to the tumor cells themselves but also to the multicellular hierarchical unit, not isolated from, but responsive to, its local milieu. In this way we will come to better appreciate the impact our therapeutic interventions have on the regional phenotypic heterogeneity that exists within the tumor and the intercellular communications directing adaptation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger E. McLendon
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jeremy N. Rich
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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