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Makasana J, Gajbhiye N, Kumar Bishoyi A, Savaliya M, Raju S, Bansod S, Baldaniya L, Dholakiya B. Exploration of HPTLC Technology for Rapid Chemical Fingerprinting and Simultaneous Determination of Bioactive Constituents from
Clitoria ternatea
Linn. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jayanti Makasana
- Department of Chemistry Marwadi University Rajkot Gujarat 360003 India
| | - Narendra Gajbhiye
- Division of Organic Chemistry ICAR-DMAPR Boriavi, Anand Gujarat 387310 India
| | | | - Mehulkumar Savaliya
- Department of Industrial Chemistry Atmiya University Rajkot Gujarat 360005 India
| | - Saravanan Raju
- Division Crop Production ICAR-CTCRI Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695017 India
| | - Shrikant Bansod
- Department of Chemistry Smt. Narsamma art commerce and science college Amravati Maharashtra 444606 India
| | - Lalji Baldaniya
- Faculty of Pharmacy Marwadi University Rajkot Gujarat 360003 India
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The Biosynthesis and Medicinal Properties of Taraxerol. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040807. [PMID: 35453556 PMCID: PMC9025716 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Taraxerol is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is actively produced by some higher plants as part of a defense mechanism. The biosynthesis of taraxerol in plants occurs through the mevalonate pathway in the cytosol, in which dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) and isopentyl pyrophosphate (IPP) are first produced, followed by squalene. Squalene is the primary precursor for the synthesis of triterpenoids, including taraxerol, β-amyrin, and lupeol, which are catalyzed by taraxerol synthase. Taraxerol has been extensively investigated for its medicinal and pharmacological properties, and various biotechnological approaches have been established to produce this compound using in vitro techniques. This review provides an in-depth summary of the hypothesized taraxerol biosynthetic pathway, the medicinal properties of taraxerol, and recent developments on tissue culture for the in vitro production of taraxerol.
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Jana SN, Sing D, Banerjee S, Haldar PK, Dasgupta B, Kar A, Sharma N, Bandyopadhayay R, Mukherjee PK. Quantification of piperine in different varieties of Piper nigrum by a validated high-performance thin-layer chromatography‒densitometry method. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00764-021-00149-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Clitorienolactones and Isoflavonoids of Clitorea ternatea Roots Alleviate Stress-Like Symptoms in a Reserpine-Induced Zebrafish Model. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144137. [PMID: 34299411 PMCID: PMC8304078 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clitorea ternatea has been used in Ayurvedic medicine as a brain stimulant to treat mental illnesses and mental functional disorders. In this study, the metabolite profiles of crude C. ternatea root extract (CTRE), ethyl acetate (EA), and 50% aqueous methanol (50% MeOH) fractions were investigated using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detector–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–DAD–MS/MS), while their effect on the stress-like behavior of zebrafish, pharmacologically induced with reserpine, was investigated. A total of 32 compounds were putatively identified, among which, a series of norneolignans, clitorienolactones, and various flavonoids (flavone, flavonol, isoflavone, and isoflavanone) was found to comprise the major constituents, particularly in the EA and 50% MeOH fractions. The clitorienolactones, presently unique to the species, were present in both the free and glycosylated forms in the roots. Both the EA and 50% MeOH fractions displayed moderate effects on the stress-induced zebrafish model, significantly decreasing freezing duration and elevating the total distance travelled and average velocity, 72 h post-treatment. The results of the present study provide further evidence that the basis for the use of C. ternatea roots in traditional medicine to alleviate brain-related conditions, such as stress and depression, is attributable to the presence of clitorienolactones and the isoflavonoidal constituents.
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Naik A, Mishra SK, Nag A, Soren GK, Panda AK, Panda SK, Panigrahi J. Cross-genera amplification of Cajanus spp. specific SSR markers in Clitoria ternatea (L.) and their application in genetic diversity studies. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 26:2371-2390. [PMID: 33424153 PMCID: PMC7772131 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-020-00907-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Clitoria ternatea (L.) is a medicinal leguminous plant and is cultivated to cater the need of herbal industries and asthetic purposes. The unavailability of steady molecular marker impedes the genetic improvement of C. ternatea. In the present study, transferability of 98 pairs of Cajanus spp. specific SSR primers were assessed among 14 genotypes of C. ternatea, varied for their flower color, floral architecture and bio-metabolite (taraxerol and delphinidin) content, and out of them 43 had successfully amplified the fragments. Among them, 36 pairs of primers showed 100% transferability, whereas rest seven varied from 42.86 to 92.85% transferability. The transferable 43 pairs of SSR primers generated 196 alleles across the 14 genotypes and the AMOVA analysis showed moderate genetic variation (55.1%) among the genotypes of C. ternatea, which was also reinforced by Nei's genetic distance and gene identity estimates derived haplotype matrix. Similarly, both the principal coordinate analysis and dendrogram grouped these 14 genotypes of C. ternatea into two major clusters based on SSR allele distribution and frequency, and the clustering pattern is in accordance with petal color but in contrast to floral architecture. MCheza based outlier analysis revealed 16 alleles for balancing selection, which are putatively involved in the maintenance of genetic polymorphism in C. ternatea. Moreover, the estimates of molecular diversity and bio-metabolite content revealed the possible use of these genotypes in future breeding programme of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparupa Naik
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Khallikote University, Konishi, Berhampur, Odisha 761008 India
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Burla, Odisha 768019 India
| | - Sujit K. Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Burla, Odisha 768019 India
- Department of Zoology, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Bhubaneswar, Odisha India
| | - Atul Nag
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Burla, Odisha 768019 India
| | - Gopal K. Soren
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Khallikote University, Konishi, Berhampur, Odisha 761008 India
| | - Aditya K. Panda
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Khallikote University, Konishi, Berhampur, Odisha 761008 India
| | - Sanjib K. Panda
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817 India
| | - Jogeswar Panigrahi
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Khallikote University, Konishi, Berhampur, Odisha 761008 India
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Burla, Odisha 768019 India
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Luo S, Gill H, Dias DA, Li M, Hung A, Nguyen LT, Lenon GB. The inhibitory effects of an eight-herb formula (RCM-107) on pancreatic lipase: enzymatic, HPTLC profiling and in silico approaches. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02453. [PMID: 31538117 PMCID: PMC6745409 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Obesity is a global, public health issue that causes or exacerbates serious medical disorders. Chinese herbal therapies have become one of the most popular alternatives due to intolerances of current anti-obesity treatments. The RCM-107 formula (granule) is modified from our previous studied RCM-104 formula, which has demonstrated significant effects on weight reduction in randomized clinical trials. Up to date, there is no published scientific evidence to evaluate the effect of this formula on the weight-loss target pancreatic lipase and therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the inhibitory effect of RCM-107 and respective individual ingredient on the pancreatic lipase activities. Main methods Fluorometric based enzymatic assays, high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) profiling and in silico molecular docking techniques were used to investigate the lipase inhibitory effects of the RCM-107 herbal formula and its respective individual herbs. Principle findings The results demonstrated the potent lipase suppressing effect of the RCM-107 formula. The majority of the ingredients from this formula also showed pancreatic lipase inhibitory activities. The presence of the known weight-loss compounds such as (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG), (-)-epicatechin (EC), rutin, crocin and caffeine were identified in the RCM-107 and related single herbs using HPTLC profiling approaches. In addition, EGCG, EC and the known lipase antagonist orlistat acted on the same site. These compounds form hydrogen bonds with corresponding residues HIS152, ASP80 and GLY77, which can be considered as markers of important areas in the ligand-binding site. This may explain the details of their roles in inhibiting pancreatic lipase activities. Conclusion Our data has provided new knowledge to the mechanistic properties of the RCM-107 formula and its respective individual herbal ingredients for weight loss, in terms of reducing lipid absorption via the inhibition of pancreatic lipase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Luo
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Harsharn Gill
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Daniel Anthony Dias
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Mingdi Li
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Andrew Hung
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Linh Toan Nguyen
- Department of Endocrine, 103 Military Hospital, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - George Binh Lenon
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Victoria, 3083, Australia
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Oguis GK, Gilding EK, Jackson MA, Craik DJ. Butterfly Pea ( Clitoria ternatea), a Cyclotide-Bearing Plant With Applications in Agriculture and Medicine. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:645. [PMID: 31191573 PMCID: PMC6546959 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The perennial leguminous herb Clitoria ternatea (butterfly pea) has attracted significant interest based on its agricultural and medical applications, which range from use as a fodder and nitrogen fixing crop, to applications in food coloring and cosmetics, traditional medicine and as a source of an eco-friendly insecticide. In this article we provide a broad multidisciplinary review that includes descriptions of the physical appearance, distribution, taxonomy, habitat, growth and propagation, phytochemical composition and applications of this plant. Notable amongst its repertoire of chemical components are anthocyanins which give C. ternatea flowers their characteristic blue color, and cyclotides, ultra-stable macrocyclic peptides that are present in all tissues of this plant. The latter are potent insecticidal molecules and are implicated as the bioactive agents in a plant extract used commercially as an insecticide. We include a description of the genetic origin of these peptides, which interestingly involve the co-option of an ancestral albumin gene to produce the cyclotide precursor protein. The biosynthesis step in which the cyclic peptide backbone is formed involves an asparaginyl endopeptidase, of which in C. ternatea is known as butelase-1. This enzyme is highly efficient in peptide ligation and has been the focus of many recent studies on peptide ligation and cyclization for biotechnological applications. The article concludes with some suggestions for future studies on this plant, including the need to explore possible synergies between the various peptidic and non-peptidic phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David J. Craik
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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Biswas S, Mukherjee PK. Validated high-performance thin-layer chromatographic–densitometric method for the isolation and standardization of ayapanin in Ayapana triplinervis. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2019. [DOI: 10.1556/1006.2019.32.1.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Biswas
- School of Natural Product Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
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Rency AS, Pandian S, Ramesh M. Influence of adenine sulphate on multiple shoot induction in Clitoria ternatea L. and analysis of phyto-compounds in in vitro grown plants. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2018.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bahtiar A, Vichitphan K, Han J. Leguminous Plants in the Indonesian Archipelago: Traditional Uses and Secondary Metabolites. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701200338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Indonesia is one of the richest countries with respect to plants resources. People from various ethnic, language, and religious groups have used the plants as alternative medicines, health foods and beverages for hundreds of years. To establish modern application for these understudied plant resources, ethnopharmacological data from more than 40 leguminous plants in Indonesia, spanning the western to the eastern parts of the Indonesian archipelago, were reviewed. In particular, bioactive secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, were described in detail to promote research into these plants as functional foods, nutraceuticals, and medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Bahtiar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Kanit Vichitphan
- Department of Biotechnology and Fermentation Research Center for Value Added Agricultural Products, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Jaehong Han
- Department of Integrative Plant Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 456-756, Republic of Korea
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Pillai D, Pandita N. Validated high performance thin layer chromatography method for the quantification of bioactive marker compounds in Draksharishta, an ayurvedic polyherbal formulation. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sharma K, Zafar R. Occurrence of taraxerol and taraxasterol in medicinal plants. Pharmacogn Rev 2015; 9:19-23. [PMID: 26009688 PMCID: PMC4441157 DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.156317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Revised: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Indian soil germinates thousands of medicinal drugs that are cultivated with a purpose to obtain a novel drug. As it is a well-established fact that the structural analogs with greater pharmacological activity and fewer side-effects may be generated by the molecular modification of the functional groups of such lead compounds. This review throws light on two natural triterpenes - Taraxerol and Taraxasterol which have many important pharmacological actions including anti-cancer activity, their chemistry, biosynthesis aspects, and possible use of these compounds as drugs in treatment of cancer. A silent crisis persists in cancer treatment in developing countries, and it is intensifying every year. Although at least 50-60% of cancer victims can benefit from radiotherapy that destroys cancerous tumors, but search for the paramount therapy which will prove to be inexpensive with minimal side effects still persists. Various treatment modalities have been prescribed, along with conventional and non-conventional medicine but due to their adverse effects and dissatisfaction among users, these treatments are not satisfactory enough to give relief to patients. Hence, this review sparks the occurrence of Taraxerol (VI) and Taraxasterol (VII) in nature, so that the natural godowns may be harvested to obtain these potent compounds for novel drug development as well as discusses limitations of these lead compounds progressing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Rasheeduz Zafar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Rapid validated high performance thin layer chromatography method for simultaneous estimation of mangiferin and scopoletin in Canscora decussata (South Indian Shankhpushpi) extract. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Sethiya NK, Mishra S. Simultaneous HPTLC analysis of ursolic acid, betulinic acid, stigmasterol and lupeol for the identification of four medicinal plants commonly available in the Indian market as Shankhpushpi. J Chromatogr Sci 2015; 53:816-23. [PMID: 25217706 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmu111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated a new, simple, sensitive, selective and precise high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprint and quantitative estimation method for the analysis of ursolic acid, betulinic acid, stigmasterol and lupeol in Shankhpushpi botanicals. Linear ascending development was carried out in a twin trough glass chamber saturated with petroleum ether-ethyl acetate-toluene (7:2:1, v/v/v). The plate was dried, sprayed with anisaldehyde reagent and analyzed by CAMAG TLC scanner III at 580 nm. The system was found to give compact spots for ursolic acid (0.21), betulinic acid (0.29), stigmasterol (0.33) and lupeol (0.50). The relationship between the concentration of standard solutions and the peak response is linear within the concentration range of 100-600 ng/spot for ursolic acid, betulinic acid, stigmasterol and lupeol. The concentration of 134.2 and 146.1 mg of ursolic acid per gram of Clitorea ternatea (CT) and Canscora decussata (CD); 110.6 mg of betulinic acid per gram of EA; 92.75, 154.95, 31.947 and 39.21 mg of stigmasterol per gram of Evolvulus alsinoides (EA), Convolvulus pluricaulis (CP), CT and CD; 30.12 mg of lupeol per gram of CT were found. The proposed HPTLC method may use for routine quality testing and identification of Shankhpushpi botanicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kumar Sethiya
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, Kalabhavan, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India
| | - Shrihari Mishra
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, Kalabhavan, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India
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Maity N, Nema NK, Sarkar BK, Mukherjee PK. Standardized Clitoria ternatea leaf extract as hyaluronidase, elastase and matrix-metalloproteinase-1 inhibitor. Indian J Pharmacol 2013; 44:584-7. [PMID: 23112418 PMCID: PMC3480789 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.100381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Plant Clitoria ternatea L. is claimed to possess a wide range of activities including antiinflammatory, local anesthetic and antidiabetic effect, etc. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the wound healing potential of standardized C. ternatea leaf extract in terms of different enzymatic models, which are mostly associated with skin wound. Materials and Methods: The methanol extract and fractions were screened for its hyaluronidase, elastase, and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) inhibitory activity compared with standard oleanolic acid. The activity was rationalized through reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) standardization of the extract and fractions with respect to its isolated biomarker taraxerol (yield 5.27% w/w). Results: The extract showed significant (P < 0.001) hyaluronidase (IC50 18.08 ± 0.46 μg/ ml) and MMP-1 (P < 0.05) inhibition, but the elastase inhibition was insignificant (IC50 42.68 ± 0.46 μg/ml). Among the fractions, ethyl acetate fraction showed significant (P < 0.001) inhibition of hyaluronidase (IC50 28.01 ± 0.48 μg/ml) and MMP-1 (P < 0.01). The HPLC analysis revealed that the extract and the ethyl acetate fraction are enriched with taraxerol (5.32% w/w and 4.55% w/w, respectively). Conclusions: The experiment validated the traditional uses of C. ternatea and may be recommended for use in the treatment of different types of skin wounds, where taraxerol may be a responsible biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niladri Maity
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Natural Product Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Mukherjee PK, Nema NK, Venkatesh P, Debnath PK. Changing scenario for promotion and development of Ayurveda--way forward. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 143:424-434. [PMID: 22885133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Revised: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ayurveda, derives from the Sanskrit words Ayus (life) and Veda (knowledge) is the most ancient system of traditional medicine of the world. It has been practiced in Indian peninsula since 5000 BC to offer natural ways to treat diseases and to promote healthcare. METHODOLOGY We reviewed the literature on the history, principles and current status of Ayurveda. The data have been presented systematically including the initiatives from Government of India. Several aspects of administrative management, education, teaching and related aspects for promotion and development of Ayurveda and other Indian systems of traditional medicine have been discussed. RESULTS This paper reviews on different aspects of development of Ayurveda. Presently, there are 2420 hospitals with about 42271 beds, 15017 dispensaries, 429246 registered practitioners, more than 320 educational institutions, 7699 drug-manufacturing units to promote Ayurveda into the health care delivery system in the country. Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India is the official document for single Ayurvedic drugs (540 monographs) and different formulations (152 monographs). Several aspects in this regard for development of Ayurveda have been discussed. CONCLUSION Considering the widespread use and popularity of Ayurveda worldwide, administrative management and infrastructure facilities, indigenous practices and standards for quality control and it's evaluation have been highlighted. In India, all such efforts for integration of Ayurveda provide potential role in the health care benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulok K Mukherjee
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700 032, India.
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Gantait A, Maji A, Barman T, Banerji P, Venkatesh P, Mukherjee PK. Estimation of capsaicin through scanning densitometry and evaluation of different varieties of capsicum in India. Nat Prod Res 2012; 26:216-22. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2010.535169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Mukherjee PK, Ponnusankar S, Venkatesh P, Gantait A, Pal BC. Marker Profiling: An Approach for Quality Evaluation of Indian Medicinal Plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/009286151104500101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Pandit S, Mukherjee P, Gantait A, Ponnusankar S, Bhadra S. Quantification of α-asarone inAcorus calamusby validated HPTLC densitometric method. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2011. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.24.2011.6.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Pandit S, Kumar M, Ponnusankar S, Pal BC, Mukherjee PK. RP-HPLC-DAD for simultaneous estimation of mahanine and mahanimbine in Murraya koenigii. Biomed Chromatogr 2011; 25:959-62. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Pandit S, Ponnusankar S, Bandyopadhyay A, Ota S, Mukherjee PK. Exploring the Possible Metabolism Mediated Interaction of Glycyrrhiza glabra Extract with CYP3A4 and CYP2D6. Phytother Res 2011; 25:1429-34. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2010] [Revised: 01/01/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Pandit
- School of Natural Product Studies; Jadavpur University; Kolkata; 700032; Kolkata; India
| | | | | | - Sarda Ota
- Central Council for Research in Ayurveda and Siddha (CCRAS); Department of AYUSH; Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India; New Delhi; 110058; India
| | - Pulok K. Mukherjee
- School of Natural Product Studies; Jadavpur University; Kolkata; 700032; Kolkata; India
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Gaikwad PS, Bhope SG, Kuber VV, Patil MJ. Validated TLC method for simultaneous quantitation of kutkoside and picroside-I from Kutki extract. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2011; 22:36-41. [PMID: 20821813 DOI: 10.1002/pca.1248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Revised: 05/25/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The two iridoid glycosides kutkoside and picroside-I are the active hepatoprotective principles of Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth (Scrophulariaceae), commonly known as Kutki. Quantitation of these phytoconstituents is important for the routine quality control of Kutki extract. OBJECTIVE To develop and validate a simple, precise and rapid thin-layer chromatography (TLC) method for the simultaneous quantitation of kutkoside and picroside-I in Kutki extract. METHODOLOGY The analysis was performed on a TLC precoated silica gel 60 F(254) plate with ethyl acetate:methanol:glacial acetic acid:formic acid (25:5:1:1, v/v/v/v) as mobile phase. Densitometric evaluation of kutkoside and picroside-I was carried out at 265 nm and the mobile phase showed good resolution with R(f) values 0.42 ± 0.03 and 0.61 ± 0.03 for kutkoside and picroside-I, respectively. The method was validated in terms of specificity, linearity, accuracy and precision. RESULTS The content of kutkoside and picroside-I was found to be 2.18 and 1.90%, respectively, and was comparable with those obtained by HPLC. The linearity was found to be in the range of 80-480 ng/spot for both kutkoside and picroside-I. The average recovery values were found to be 96.5 and 96.0% for kutkoside and picroside-I, respectively. CONCLUSION The developed method was found to be relatively simple, precise and reproducible for the simultaneous quantitation of kutkoside and picroside-I. The method does not employ any derivatisation procedure and can be used as a quality control tool for the routine analysis of commercial Kutki extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Gaikwad
- Tulip Laboratories Pvt. Ltd, F-20/21, MIDC Ranjangaon, Pune 412220, India
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Mukherjee D, Kumar NS, Khatua T, Mukherjee PK. Rapid validated HPTLC method for estimation of betulinic acid in Nelumbo nucifera (Nymphaeaceae) rhizome extract. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2010; 21:556-560. [PMID: 21043041 DOI: 10.1002/pca.1232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Betulinic acid (pentacyclic triterpenoid) is an important marker component present in Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. rhizome. N. nucifera rhizome has several medicinal uses including hypoglycaemic, antidiarrhoeal, antimicrobial, diuretic, antipyretic, psychopharmacological activities. OBJECTIVE To establish a simple, sensitive, reliable, rapid and validated high-performance thin-layer chromatography method for estimation of betulinic acid in hydro-alcoholic extract of N. nucifera Gaertn. rhizome. MATERIALS AND METHODS The separation was carried out on a thin-layer chromatography aluminium plate pre-coated with silica gel 60F(254) , eluted with chloroform, methanol and formic acid (49 : 1 : 1 v/v). Post chromatographic derivatisation was done with anisaldehyde-sulphuric acid reagent and densitometric scanning was performed using a Camag TLC scanner III, at 420 nm. RESULTS The system was found to produce a compact spot for betulinic acid (R(f) = 0.30). A good linear precision relationship between the concentrations (2-10 µg) and peak areas were obtained with the correlation coefficient (r) of 0.99698. The limit of detection and limit of quantification of betulinic acid were detected to be 0.4 and 2.30 µg per spot. The percentage of recovery was found to be 98.36%. The percentage relative standard deviations of intra-day and inter-day precisions were 0.82-0.394 and 0.85-0.341, respectively. CONCLUSION This validated HPTLC method provides a new and powerful approach to estimate betulinic acid as phytomarker in the extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debajyoti Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
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Gantait A, Sahu A, Venkatesh P, Dutta P, Mukherjee P. Isolation of taraxerol fromCoccinia grandis, and its standardization. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2010. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.23.2010.5.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Gantait A, Roy P, Nema NK, Dutta PK, Mukherjee PK. A Validated Method for Standardization of the Bark of Clerodendron serratum. Nat Prod Commun 2010. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1000500607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Clerodendron serratum (Linn.) Moon (family: Verbenaceae) is used in Indian System of Medicine for asthma and cough. In the present study the extract of the bark of the plant was standardized using oleanolic acid as a marker. Methanolic extracts of the bark were prepared after defatting. HPTLC was used to quantify oleanolic acid in the extract. Percentage content of oleanolic acid in the methanolic extract was determined as 1.2% in contrast to the raw material at 0.058 % (Percentage yield of the extract 4.8%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunava Gantait
- School of Natural Product Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Payel Roy
- School of Natural Product Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Neelesh Kumar Nema
- School of Natural Product Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India
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Mukherjee PK, Kumar V, Kumar NS, Heinrich M. The Ayurvedic medicine Clitoria ternatea--from traditional use to scientific assessment. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 120:291-301. [PMID: 18926895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2008] [Revised: 08/26/2008] [Accepted: 09/04/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Clitoria ternatea L. (CT) (Family: Fabaceae) commonly known as 'Butterfly pea', a traditional Ayurvedic medicine, has been used for centuries as a memory enhancer, nootropic, antistress, anxiolytic, antidepressant, anticonvulsant, tranquilizing and sedative agent. A wide range of secondary metabolites including triterpenoids, flavonol glycosides, anthocyanins and steroids has been isolated from Clitoria ternatea Linn. Its extracts possess a wide range of pharmacological activities including antimicrobial, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, diuretic, local anesthetic, antidiabetic, insecticidal, blood platelet aggregation-inhibiting and for use as a vascular smooth muscle relaxing properties. This plant has a long use in traditional Ayurvedic medicine for several diseases and the scientific studies has reconfirmed those with modern relevance. This review is an effort to explore the chemical constituents, pharmacological and toxicity studies of CT, which have long been in clinical use in Ayurvedic system of medicine along with a critical appraisal of its future ethnopharmacological potential in view of many recent findings of importance on this well known plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulok K Mukherjee
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India.
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Current awareness in phytochemical analysis. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2008; 19:471-478. [PMID: 18773504 DOI: 10.1002/pca.1040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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