Molecular weight determination and correlation analysis of Dalbergia sissoo polysaccharide with constituent oligosaccharides

Revealing the exceptional antioxidant activity of phosphorylated polysaccharides from medicinal Abrus cantoniensis Hance

Abrus cantoniensis Polysaccharides (ACP) exhibit antioxidant activity and immune-regulatory functions. Abrus cantoniensis Hance widely distributed in the Guangdong and Guangxi regions of China. In this study, this research investigated the impact of phosphorylation modification on the biological activity of ACP, aiming to provide theoretical insights for its development. This research modified ACP through phosphorylation and evaluated changes in its in vitro antioxidant capacity, including free radical scavenging and resistance to cellular oxidative damage. Additionally, this research administered both native ACP and phosphorylated ACP (P-ACP) to mice to assess their protective effects against acute ethanol-induced oxidative injury. This research explored whether these effects were mediated through the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway and their influence on gut microbiota. Results revealed that phosphorylation significantly enhanced ACP's antioxidant capacity and protective effects (p < 0.05). P-ACP improved mice resistance to acute oxidative injury, mitigating the adverse effects of 50 % ethanol (p < 0.05). Moreover, both ACP and P-ACP are involved in modulating the expression of the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway and, to some extent, alter the composition of the gut microbiota in mice. In summary, phosphorylation modification effectively enhances ACP's antioxidant capacity and provides better protection against acute oxidative injury in mice.

Extraction, structure and bioactivities of polysaccharide from root of Arctium lappa L.: A review

Arctium lappa L. root is a well-known Chinese medicine with high medicinal and food values. Arctium lappa L. root polysaccharide (ALP), as the main component and bioactive substance, has a variety of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, antithrombotic, immunomodulatory activity and improvement of intestinal flora. The biological activities of polysaccharides are closely related to their structures, and different extraction and purification methods will yield different polysaccharide structures. As a kind of natural polysaccharide, ALP has a broad application prospect in drug carrier. In this paper, we reviewed the research progress on the extraction, purification, structural characterization, biological activities, structure-activity relationship and drug carrier application of ALP, in order to provide basic reference for the development and application of medical and health care value. At the same time, the shortcomings of ALP research are discussed in depth, and the potential development prospect and future research direction are prospected.

Preparation of alpha cellulose from sugarcane bagasse and its cationization: Synthesis, characterization, validation and application as wet-end additive

Paper industry uses cationic polymers for imparting strong bonds with pulp furnish to enhance strength properties. Due to environmental reasons, emphasis is on utilization of biobased polymers in place of synthetic. Sugarcane bagasse, an agro-industrial waste, was processed for extraction of alpha cellulose and preparation of cationic derivative. Reaction conditions were optimized to achieve highly substituted cationic derivative with insertion of 2-hydroxy-3-(trimethylammonium) propyl group. Artificial neural network (ANN) was applied to analyze the experimental data for cationization modeling. Maximum degree of substitution 0.66, was achieved at 5.0 M NaOH/anhydro glucose unit (AGU), 20 °C alkalization temperature, 8 min alkalization time, 3.5 M/AGU etherification agent concentration, 45 min time and 60 °C etherification reaction temperature. The experimental results showed that mean square error values for input parameters were significantly low. The ANN based regression values of the output, and computed values of target were close to unity. ANN based fitting indicates better performance level to predict the degree of substitution. The synthesized cationic cellulose was characterized through FTIR, XRD, NMR, FESEM and TGA. The activity of cationized cellulose as wet-end additive was tested for bagasse, wheat straw and recycled pulps due to their shorten fiber and feeble pulp characters than wood pulp.

Exopolymers from Tolypothrix tenuis and three Anabaena sp. (Cyanobacteriaceae) as novel blood clotting agents for wound management

Rapid initiation of clotting is critical to trauma patients. In the present study exopolymers (EPs) from four desert cyanobacteria including Tolypothrix tenuis and three species of Anabaena have been discovered as potential hemostatic biomaterials. The EPs showed reduction in activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) by 16-41% and 12-65%, respectively. Besides hastening blood clotting, the EPs could absorb 7.1-25.9 g H₂O g(-1) EP and displayed 7.1-18.1% hydrophobicity. They were noncytotoxic and biodegradable. The EP from Anabaena sp. showed strong antibacterial activity against E. coli, S. aureus and B. licheniformis. These results suggest that cyanobacteria, the microscopic phototrophs growing rapidly over simple mineral medium could prove to be a novel source of affordable hemostatic dressings for the traumatic wounds in underdeveloped and developing countries. Compositional analysis of the EPs showed them to be consisting of mainly carbohydrate (17-50%), protein (4.4-7.2%), uronic acid (4.7-9.5%) and sulphate (0.6-6.6%). Their viscometric molecular weight ranged from 539 to 3679 kDa. They were further characterized using GC-MS and FTIR.