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Carvalho TF, Carvalho AC, Zanuncio JC, de Oliveira MLR, Machado ELM, José AC, Santos JB, Pereira IM. Does invasion by Pteridium aquilinum (Dennstaedtiaceae) affect the ecological succession in Atlantic Forest areas after a fire? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:14195-14205. [PMID: 34601685 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16761-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pteridium aquilinum (Dennstaedtiaceae) colonization affects ecological and restoration processes. The knowledge of the impacts on the ecological succession by this species allows the use of restoration strategies in invaded environments. This work aimed to evaluate the floristic composition, diversity, structure, density, basal area, height, and diameter of natural regeneration in three areas of the Atlantic Forest in the Serra do Espinhaço Biosphere Reserve in an area invaded by P. aquilinum after a fire. Three environments with different coverage intensities by P. aquilinum were studied, and the plants over 10 cm in height or 5 cm in canopy diameter were measured. The floristic composition and diversity were analyzed using indices presented by Chao, Fisher, Margalef, Pielou, Shannon-Weaver, and Simpson, and similarity was evaluated by the Jaccard index. Species density, basal area, height, and canopy diameter classes were also evaluated. The floristic composition, diversity, structure of natural regeneration, density, and basal area were higher in post-fire areas with a lower coverage by P. aquilinum. The topsoil coverage with plant litter and the possible effect of P. aquilinum allelopathy probably reduced the species richness and diversity. The proportion of plants from the lowest height and canopy diameter classes was higher under moderate coverage by P. aquilinum. The reduction in the floristic composition, diversity, number of species, and basal area in post-fire areas colonized by P. aquilinum is probably due to this species aggressiveness. The population of this plant is high, accumulating large quantities of plant litter as a physical barrier preventing light and propagules from reaching the soil, reducing the germination of the seed bank and, consequently, the natural regeneration. The floristic composition, diversity, structure of natural regeneration, density, and basal area were lower in areas with higher coverage by P. aquilinum. The proportion of plants in the most significant height and canopy diameter classes was higher with reduced coverage by P. aquilinum. The P. aquilinum reduced forest succession in areas after a fire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thayane Ferreira Carvalho
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Engenharia Florestal/DCF, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Aline Cristina Carvalho
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciência Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Campus JK, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, 39100-000, Brazil
| | - José Cola Zanuncio
- Departamento de Entomologia/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Marcio Leles Romarco de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciência Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Campus JK, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, 39100-000, Brazil
| | - Evandro Luiz Mendonça Machado
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciência Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Campus JK, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, 39100-000, Brazil
| | - Anderson Cleiton José
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Engenharia Florestal/DCF, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - José Barbosa Santos
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciência Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Campus JK, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, 39100-000, Brazil.
| | - Israel Marinho Pereira
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciência Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Campus JK, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, 39100-000, Brazil
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Rasmussen LH. Presence of the carcinogen ptaquiloside in fern-based food products and traditional medicine: Four cases of human exposure. Curr Res Food Sci 2021; 4:557-564. [PMID: 34458862 PMCID: PMC8379286 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ptaquiloside (PTA) is a natural carcinogen present in many ferns. Brackens (Pteridium sp.) contain PTA and are classified by WHO/IARC as ‘ … possibly carcinogenic to humans’, however, these ferns are used in food, traditional medicine and as food supplements around the world. This study aimed to outline the presence of PTA in different human exposure routes by using and validating an LC-MS based protocol to test the contents of PTA in commercial products, the degradation product Pterosin B (PtB) and wild specimens from Europe, Asia and North America. The Limit of Detection of the protocol was 0.024 μg g−1 for PTA and 0.028 μg g−1 for PtB. PTA and PtB were present in most wild specimens (PTA: BD – 6300 ± 520 μg g−1; PtB: BD - 449 ± 1 μg g−1) while commercial products made from fronds, as well as fronds prepared as traditional Chinese medicine, were in the range 44 ± 3 to 666 ± 33 μg g−1 for PTA and BD to 1653 ± 184 μg g−1 for PtB. This study did not find PTA/PtB in rhizomes and products made thereof nor in homoeopathic products based on bracken. Boiling or drying bracken showed to reduce PTA some degree but cannot remove it completely. Interestingly, crosiers with no PTA/PtB were found in the USA, indicating a potential for commercial production of PTA-free fronds. Ptaquiloside is a natural carcinogen found in fern-based food products and natural remedies. Bracken ferns collected in the wild contain ptaquiloside after processing. Commercial dried bracken fronds (leaves) contain high levels of ptaquiloside. Commercial products based on rhizomes and some natural remedies contain no ptaquiloside. Presence of no-ptaquiloside ferns indicate potential of growing non-toxic cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Holm Rasmussen
- Department of Technology, University College Copenhagen, Sigurdsgade 26, DK2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
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Cook D, Lee ST, Gardner DR, Molyneux RJ, Johnson RL, Taylor CM. Use of Herbarium Voucher Specimens To Investigate Phytochemical Composition in Poisonous Plant Research. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:4037-4047. [PMID: 33797894 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Poisonous plants cause large losses to the livestock industry through death, reduced production efficiency, reproductive dysfunction, and compromised harvesting of rangeland and pasture forages. Research investigating poisonous plants is complex because there are hundreds of genera of toxic plants representing thousands of species. To investigate the effects of poisonous plants on livestock, a clear understanding of the taxonomic identity of the plant and the ability to collect the plant in sufficient quantities for scientific studies is required. Subsequently, the active principles must be defined and investigated in the taxa of interest to better predict risk and make recommendations to reduce losses. Herbaria are collections of preserved plant specimens and are an important resource in poisonous plant research. Voucher specimens have often been used in the identification of the plant for the experimental reproduction of suspected livestock poisoning associated with a spontaneous case. More recently, herbarium specimens have been used to investigate the chemical composition of toxic plants as well as the distribution of different chemotypes over the landscape. The primary purpose of this review is to highlight the chemical analysis of herbarium specimens in poisonous plant research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cook
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1150 East 1400 North, Logan, Utah 84341, United States
| | - Stephen T Lee
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1150 East 1400 North, Logan, Utah 84341, United States
| | - Dale R Gardner
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1150 East 1400 North, Logan, Utah 84341, United States
| | - Russell J Molyneux
- Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 200 West Kawili Street, Hilo, Hawaii 96720-4091, United States
| | - Robert L Johnson
- Stanley L. Welsh Herbarium, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Charlotte M Taylor
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
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Dvorakova M, Pumprova K, Antonínová Ž, Rezek J, Haisel D, Ekrt L, Vanek T, Langhansova L. Nutritional and Antioxidant Potential of Fiddleheads from European Ferns. Foods 2021; 10:460. [PMID: 33669902 PMCID: PMC7923283 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferns are part of the diet and traditional medicine in East Asia, North America, and Oceania, however, their importance has been forgotten in Europe. Here, the nutritional and antioxidant potential of young fern fronds (fiddleheads) of eight families were studied. Most of the tested fern species excelled in high antioxidant capacity when compared to the reference leafy vegetables spinach and rocket. On average, the total phenol content reached 220 mg·g-1 of extract dry weight for all fiddleheads, and 15 out of 24 tested species exceeded 1 g Trolox equivalent per gram of extract dry weight in Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) assay. On the other hand, fiddleheads contained a comparable amount of carotenoids and ascorbic acid with the reference vegetables. In the case of fatty acid composition, fiddleheads contained especially high amounts of essential omega-3 (n3) and omega-6 (n6) polyunsaturated fatty acids with a beneficial n6/n3 ratio. The n6/n3 ratio in all tested species was between 2 and 6.4, whereas the ratio in the reference vegetables was below 0.4. All in all, fiddleheads from European ferns are a rich source of valuable antioxidants and essential fatty acids with a desirable n-6/n-3 ratio and may thus form an alternative source of these compounds, especially for those people not consuming fish and fish products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Dvorakova
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, Rozvojova 263, CZ-16502 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.D.); (K.P.); (Ž.A.); (J.R.); (D.H.); (T.V.)
| | - Karolína Pumprova
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, Rozvojova 263, CZ-16502 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.D.); (K.P.); (Ž.A.); (J.R.); (D.H.); (T.V.)
- Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ-16521 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Žaneta Antonínová
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, Rozvojova 263, CZ-16502 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.D.); (K.P.); (Ž.A.); (J.R.); (D.H.); (T.V.)
- Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ-16521 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Rezek
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, Rozvojova 263, CZ-16502 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.D.); (K.P.); (Ž.A.); (J.R.); (D.H.); (T.V.)
| | - Daniel Haisel
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, Rozvojova 263, CZ-16502 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.D.); (K.P.); (Ž.A.); (J.R.); (D.H.); (T.V.)
| | - Libor Ekrt
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 1760, CZ-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic;
| | - Tomas Vanek
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, Rozvojova 263, CZ-16502 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.D.); (K.P.); (Ž.A.); (J.R.); (D.H.); (T.V.)
| | - Lenka Langhansova
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, Rozvojova 263, CZ-16502 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.D.); (K.P.); (Ž.A.); (J.R.); (D.H.); (T.V.)
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Silva JJMD, Campanharo SC, Paschoal JAR. Ethnoveterinary for food-producing animals and related food safety issues: A comprehensive overview about terpenes. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 20:48-90. [PMID: 33443807 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Alternatives to the use of conventional veterinary drugs in food-producing animals have gained attention, such as the use of natural products (NPs), mainly to soften the risks to the animal, the environment, and consumer's health. Although NPs have consistent advantages over conventional drugs, they cannot be considered risk free under food safety matters. In this way, this document presents a comprehensive overview of the importance of considering both the pharmacological and toxicological properties of the constituents of a NP from plants intending the standardization and regulation of its use in food-producing animals. Terpenes are the most diverse class of natural substances present in NP of vegetal origin with a broad range of biological activities that can be explored in veterinary science; however, certain plants and terpenes also have significant toxic effects, a fact that can harm the health of animals and consequently generate economic losses and risks for humans. In this context, this review gathered scientific data of vegetal species of importance to ethnoveterinary for food-producing animals, which produce terpenes, its biological effects, and their implications on food safety issues for consumers. For this, more than 300 documents were selected from different online scientific databases. The present data and discussion may contribute to the rational commercial exploration of this class of NPs in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Joaquim Mangabeira da Silva
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Sarah Chagas Campanharo
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jonas Augusto Rizzato Paschoal
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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A Novel Method for Determination of the Natural Toxin Ptaquiloside in Ground and Drinking Water. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12102852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ptaquiloside (PTA) is a carcinogenic compound naturally occurring in bracken ferns (Pteridium aquilinum). It is highly water soluble and prone to leaching from topsoil to surface and groundwaters. Due to possible human exposure via drinking water, PTA is considered as an emerging contaminant. We present a sensitive and robust method for analysis of PTA and its degradation product pterosin B (PtB) in groundwater. The method comprises two steps: sample preservation at the field site followed by sample pre-concentration in the laboratory. The preservation step was developed by applying a Plackett–Burman experimental design testing the following variables: water type, pH, filtering, bottle type, storage temperature, transportation conditions and test time. The best sample preservation was obtained by using amber glass bottles, unfiltered solutions buffered at pH 6, transported without ice, stored at 4 °C and analysed within 48 h. The recovery was 94% to 100%. The sample purification step had a pre-concentration factor of 250, and the recovery percentages of the entire method were 85 ± 2 (PTA) and 91 ± 3 (PtB). The limits of detection (LOD) of the full method were 0.001 µg L−1 and 0.0001 µg L−1 for PTA and PtB, respectively. The method enables sensitive monitoring of PTA and PtB in groundwater. Carcinogenic PTA was detected in one groundwater well (0.35 µg L−1).
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de Oliveira LGS, Boabaid FM, Kisielius V, Rasmussen LH, Buroni F, Lucas M, Schild CO, López F, Machado M, Riet-Correa F. Hemorrhagic diathesis in cattle due to consumption of Adiantopsis chlorophylla (Swartz) Fée (Pteridaceae). Toxicon X 2020; 5:100024. [PMID: 32550580 PMCID: PMC7285992 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxcx.2020.100024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An outbreak of acute febrile syndrome associated with coagulopathy and severe pancytopenia occurred in cattle grazing in paddocks with high infestation by Adiantopsis chlorophylla. The administration of the plant to a calf reproduced the same signs and lesions seen in spontaneous cases. Similar syndromes are caused by ptaquiloside from bracken fern. Traces of the ptaquiloside-like molecule caudatoside were detected together with 0.03-0.24 mg/g of it's degradation product pterosin A, in dry fronds of the plant. In conclusion, A. chlorophylla is a cause of hemorrhagic diathesis in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Gustavo Schneider de Oliveira
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Estación Experimental INIA Tacuarembó, Tacuarembó, Uruguay
| | - Fabiana Marques Boabaid
- Polo de Desarrollo Universitario Del Instituto Superior de La Carne, Centro Universitario Regional (CENUR) Noreste, Universidad de La República, Tacuarembó, Uruguay
| | - Vaidotas Kisielius
- Department of Technology, University College Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Holm Rasmussen
- Department of Technology, University College Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Florencia Buroni
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Estación Experimental INIA Tacuarembó, Tacuarembó, Uruguay.,División de Laboratorios Veterinarios "Miguel C. Rubino" Regional Norte, Ministerio de Ganadería Agricultura y Pesca (MGAP), Tacuarembó, Uruguay
| | - Martín Lucas
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Estación Experimental INIA Tacuarembó, Tacuarembó, Uruguay
| | - Carlos Omar Schild
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Estación Experimental INIA Tacuarembó, Tacuarembó, Uruguay
| | - Fabiana López
- División de Laboratorios Veterinarios "Miguel C. Rubino" Regional Norte, Ministerio de Ganadería Agricultura y Pesca (MGAP), Tacuarembó, Uruguay
| | - Mizael Machado
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Estación Experimental INIA Tacuarembó, Tacuarembó, Uruguay
| | - Franklin Riet-Correa
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Estación Experimental INIA Tacuarembó, Tacuarembó, Uruguay
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Fast LC-MS quantification of ptesculentoside, caudatoside, ptaquiloside and corresponding pterosins in bracken ferns. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1138:121966. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Aranha PCDR, Rasmussen LH, Wolf-Jäckel GA, Jensen HME, Hansen HCB, Friis C. Fate of ptaquiloside-A bracken fern toxin-In cattle. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218628. [PMID: 31226154 PMCID: PMC6588243 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ptaquiloside is a natural toxin present in bracken ferns (Pteridium sp.). Cattle ingesting bracken may develop bladder tumours and excrete genotoxins in meat and milk. However, the fate of ptaquiloside in cattle and the link between ptaquiloside and cattle carcinogenesis is unresolved. Here, we present the toxicokinetic profile of ptaquiloside in plasma and urine after intravenous administration of ptaquiloside and after oral administration of bracken. Administered intravenously ptaquiloside, revealed a volume of distribution of 1.3 L kg-1 with a mean residence-time of 4 hours. A large fraction of ptaquiloside was converted to non-toxic pterosin B in the blood stream. Both ptaquiloside and pterosin B were excreted in urine (up to 41% of the dose). Oral administration of ptaquiloside via bracken extract or dried ferns did not result in observations of ptaquiloside in body fluids, indicating deglycosolidation in the rumen. Pterosin B was detected in both plasma and urine after oral administration. Hence, transport of carcinogenic ptaquiloside metabolites over the rumen membrane is indicated. Pterosin B recovered from urine counted for 7% of the dose given intravenously. Heifers exposed to bracken for 7 days (2 mg ptaquiloside kg-1) developed preneoplastic lesions in the urinary bladder most likely caused by genotoxic ptaquiloside metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lars Holm Rasmussen
- Department of Technology, University College Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Christian Friis
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Rai SK, Sharma R, Patil RD, Periasamy S, Rasmussen LH, Padwad YS, Kumari A, Bhar R. Allyl-isothiocyanate ameliorates the pre-neoplastic changes induced by the fern Dryopteris nigropalaceae on experimental feeding in Guinea pigs. Res Vet Sci 2019; 124:24-31. [PMID: 30782570 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Enzootic bovine haematuria, caused by long-term ingestion of ferns, is a chronic disease of hill cattle characterized by neoplastic lesions in the urinary bladder. Objectives of this study were to investigate the toxicity potential of long-term feeding of the fern Dryopteris nigropalaceae and effect of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) to ameliorate fern toxicity and the associated pathological changes. The LC-MS analysis of the fern showed presence of ptaquiloside (4.5 ± 1.0 μg/g) and pterosin B (39 ± 9.1 μg/g). Groups of animals were fed dried fern powder at the dose of 20% w/w in normal feed and treated with and without AITC at graded doses. Long term feeding of fern induced inflammatory and pre-neoplastic lesions in urinary bladder. The important lesions included cystitis, squamous metaplasia and high-grade dysplasia. Urothelium showed positive immunoreactions for nuclear expression of H-ras and p53. However, no mutation suggestive of neoplastic change was observed on partial mRNA sequences analyses of exon 2 of H-ras and 5 or 7&8 of p53 genes. Strikingly, AITC showed dose-dependent amelioration of pre-neoplastic changes in fern-fed animals. In conclusion, AITC is shown to limit pre-neoplastic changes caused by D. nigropalaceae feeding in guinea pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvesh K Rai
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Regional Station, Palampur 176061, India
| | - Rinku Sharma
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Regional Station, Palampur 176061, India.
| | - Rajendra D Patil
- DGCN College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK HPKV, Palampur 176062, India
| | | | | | - Yogendra S Padwad
- CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, India
| | - Alka Kumari
- University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India
| | - Rasbehari Bhar
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Regional Station, Palampur 176061, India
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Rai SK, Sharma R, Kumari A, Rasmussen LH, Patil RD, Bhar R. Survey of ferns and clinico-pathological studies on the field cases of Enzootic bovine haematuria in Himachal Pradesh, a north-western Himalayan state of India. Toxicon 2017; 138:31-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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