1
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Hu J, Iwamoto M, Chen X. A Review of Contact Electrification at Diversified Interfaces and Related Applications on Triboelectric Nanogenerator. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 16:7. [PMID: 37930592 PMCID: PMC10628068 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01238-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) can effectively collect energy based on contact electrification (CE) at diverse interfaces, including solid-solid, liquid-solid, liquid-liquid, gas-solid, and gas-liquid. This enables energy harvesting from sources such as water, wind, and sound. In this review, we provide an overview of the coexistence of electron and ion transfer in the CE process. We elucidate the diverse dominant mechanisms observed at different interfaces and emphasize the interconnectedness and complementary nature of interface studies. The review also offers a comprehensive summary of the factors influencing charge transfer and the advancements in interfacial modification techniques. Additionally, we highlight the wide range of applications stemming from the distinctive characteristics of charge transfer at various interfaces. Finally, this review elucidates the future opportunities and challenges that interface CE may encounter. We anticipate that this review can offer valuable insights for future research on interface CE and facilitate the continued development and industrialization of TENG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Mitsumasa Iwamoto
- Department of Physical Electronics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 S3-33 O-Okayama, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan.
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Chen Q, Auras R, Kirkensgaard JJK, Uysal-Unalan I. Modulating Barrier Properties of Stereocomplex Polylactide: The Polymorphism Mechanism and Its Relationship with Rigid Amorphous Fraction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:49678-49688. [PMID: 37832031 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The barrier properties of semicrystalline polymers are crucial for their performance and their use as packaging materials. This work uncovers the mechanism of polymorphism modification (α, α' and stereocomplex-crystals) and its combined effect on the oxygen and water vapor barrier properties of semicrystalline stereocomplex polylactide (SCPLA). A polymorphic selective filler-type nucleator was employed to eliminate the temperature effect on the development of polymorphism and rigid amorphous fraction (RAF), allowing correlations of barrier properties with different crystal forms and RAF combinations under the same amorphous composition (SCPLA). The oxygen and water vapor barrier performances strongly correlated with crystallinity and crystal form but were not monotonically related to the RAF quantity. The study proposes that the chain conformation of intermediate phases between the crystalline and amorphous phases differs with the associated crystal forms, thereby leading to different RAF "qualities" and contributing to different gas diffusion and solubility coefficients of the amorphous regions. RAF's per unit excess free volume may be varied with crystal forms, for instance: α' ≫ SC > α. Therefore, SCPLA with α' crystals exhibited high oxygen and water vapor permeabilities. Those with high SC and α crystals showed similar barrier behaviors governed by Henry's law dissolution and followed a linear "two-phase" relationship with total crystallinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
- CiFOOD - Center for Innovative Food Research, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park, 48, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Rafael Auras
- School of Packaging, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1223, United States
| | - Jacob Judas Kain Kirkensgaard
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Ilke Uysal-Unalan
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
- CiFOOD - Center for Innovative Food Research, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park, 48, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
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3
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Bourdet A, Fosse C, Garda MR, Thiyagarajan S, Delbreilh L, Esposito A, Dargent E. Microstructural consequences of isothermal crystallization in homo- and co-polyesters based on 2,5- and 2,4-furandicarboxylic acid. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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4
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The 3-Phase Structure of Polyesters (PBT, PET) after Isothermal and Non-Isothermal Crystallization. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14040793. [PMID: 35215705 PMCID: PMC8880329 DOI: 10.3390/polym14040793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the 3-phase model, semi-crystalline thermoplastics consist of a mobile amorphous fraction (MAF), a rigid amorphous fraction (RAF), and a crystalline fraction (CF). For the two polyesters Polybutylene Terephthalate (PBT) and Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), the composition of these phases was investigated using the largest possible variation in the isothermal and non-isothermal boundary conditions. This was performed by combining the conventional Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) with the Fast Scanning Calorimetry (FSC). From the results it can be deduced that the structural composition of both polymers is characterised by a large fraction of the rigid amorphous phase. This is mainly formed either during the primary crystallization in the low temperature range or during the subsequent secondary crystallization that follows primary crystallization in the high temperature range. Depending on the thermal history, the fraction of the mobile amorphous phase of both polymers approaches a minimum, which does not appear to be undercut.
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5
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Kida T, Kimura T, Eno A, Janchai K, Yamaguchi M, Otsuki Y, Kimura T, Mizukawa T, Murakami T, Hato K, Okawa T. Effect of Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Molecular Chains on the Morphology, Crystallization, and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:4222. [PMID: 34883725 PMCID: PMC8659738 DOI: 10.3390/polym13234222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of the ultra-high-molecular-weight (UHMW) component of polypropylene (PP) on its rheological properties, crystallization behavior, and solid-state mechanical properties were investigated using various measurement techniques. The terminal relaxation time-determined by measuring the linear viscoelasticity-was increased by adding the UHMW component. The increase in the melt elasticity produced by adding the UHMW component was observed by measuring the steady-state shear flow, although the shear viscosity was not greatly affected. Owing to the long characteristic time of the Rouse relaxation of the UHMW component, PP with the UHMW component formed highly oriented structures through a shear-induced crystallization process. The addition of the UHMW component enhanced the orientation and regularity of crystalline structure for extruded films. Therefore, the Young's modulus, yield stress, and strength were higher in the PP film containing the UHMW component than in one without the UHMW component, irrespective of the direction of tensile deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumitsu Kida
- Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, School of Materials Science, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi 9231292, Japan; (T.K.); (A.E.); (K.J.); (M.Y.)
| | - Takeyoshi Kimura
- Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, School of Materials Science, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi 9231292, Japan; (T.K.); (A.E.); (K.J.); (M.Y.)
| | - Ayaka Eno
- Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, School of Materials Science, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi 9231292, Japan; (T.K.); (A.E.); (K.J.); (M.Y.)
| | - Khunanya Janchai
- Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, School of Materials Science, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi 9231292, Japan; (T.K.); (A.E.); (K.J.); (M.Y.)
- Petrochemical and Polymer Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Masayuki Yamaguchi
- Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, School of Materials Science, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi 9231292, Japan; (T.K.); (A.E.); (K.J.); (M.Y.)
| | - Yasuhiko Otsuki
- Packaging and Industrial Materials Laboratory, Prime Polymer Co., Ltd., 3 Chigusa-Kaigan, Ichihara 2990108, Japan; (Y.O.); (T.K.); (T.M.); (T.M.); (K.H.); (T.O.)
| | - Tokutaro Kimura
- Packaging and Industrial Materials Laboratory, Prime Polymer Co., Ltd., 3 Chigusa-Kaigan, Ichihara 2990108, Japan; (Y.O.); (T.K.); (T.M.); (T.M.); (K.H.); (T.O.)
| | - Tomoaki Mizukawa
- Packaging and Industrial Materials Laboratory, Prime Polymer Co., Ltd., 3 Chigusa-Kaigan, Ichihara 2990108, Japan; (Y.O.); (T.K.); (T.M.); (T.M.); (K.H.); (T.O.)
| | - Tomoya Murakami
- Packaging and Industrial Materials Laboratory, Prime Polymer Co., Ltd., 3 Chigusa-Kaigan, Ichihara 2990108, Japan; (Y.O.); (T.K.); (T.M.); (T.M.); (K.H.); (T.O.)
| | - Kazuki Hato
- Packaging and Industrial Materials Laboratory, Prime Polymer Co., Ltd., 3 Chigusa-Kaigan, Ichihara 2990108, Japan; (Y.O.); (T.K.); (T.M.); (T.M.); (K.H.); (T.O.)
| | - Tomoya Okawa
- Packaging and Industrial Materials Laboratory, Prime Polymer Co., Ltd., 3 Chigusa-Kaigan, Ichihara 2990108, Japan; (Y.O.); (T.K.); (T.M.); (T.M.); (K.H.); (T.O.)
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6
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Multiscale Simulation of Semi-Crystalline Polymers to Predict Mechanical Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13193233. [PMID: 34641047 PMCID: PMC8512711 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A multiscale simulation method for the determination of mechanical properties of semi-crystalline polymers is presented. First, a four-phase model of crystallization of semi-crystalline polymers is introduced, which is based on the crystallization model of Strobl. From this, a simulation on the nanoscale is derived, which models the formation of lamellae and spherulites during the cooling of the polymer by using a cellular automaton. In the solidified state, mechanical properties are assigned to the formed phases and thus the mechanical behavior of the nanoscale is determined by a finite element (FE) simulation. At this scale, simulations can only be performed up to a simulation range of a few square micrometers. Therefore, the dependence of the mechanical properties on the degree of crystallization is determined by means of homogenization. At the microscale, the cooling of the polymer is simulated by a cellular automaton according to evolution equations. In combination with the mechanical properties determined by homogenization, the mechanical behavior of a macroscopic component can be predicted.
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7
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Abdolmohammadi S, Gansebom D, Goyal S, Lee TH, Kuehl B, Forrester MJ, Lin FY, Hernández N, Shanks BH, Tessonnier JP, Cochran EW. Analysis of the Amorphous and Interphase Influence of Comononomer Loading on Polymer Properties toward Forwarding Bioadvantaged Copolyamides. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Abdolmohammadi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, 618 Bissell Road, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Center for Biorenewable Chemicals (CBiRC), 617 Bissell Road, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Dustin Gansebom
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, 618 Bissell Road, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Center for Biorenewable Chemicals (CBiRC), 617 Bissell Road, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Shailja Goyal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, 618 Bissell Road, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Ting-Han Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, 618 Bissell Road, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Baker Kuehl
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, 618 Bissell Road, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Michael J. Forrester
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, 618 Bissell Road, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Fang-Yi Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, 618 Bissell Road, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Nacú Hernández
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, 618 Bissell Road, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Brent H. Shanks
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, 618 Bissell Road, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Center for Biorenewable Chemicals (CBiRC), 617 Bissell Road, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Jean-Philippe Tessonnier
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, 618 Bissell Road, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Center for Biorenewable Chemicals (CBiRC), 617 Bissell Road, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Eric W. Cochran
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, 618 Bissell Road, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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8
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Righetti MC, Di Lorenzo ML, Cinelli P, Gazzano M. Temperature dependence of the rigid amorphous fraction of poly(butylene succinate). RSC Adv 2021; 11:25731-25737. [PMID: 35478875 PMCID: PMC9036998 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03775g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this contribution the temperature evolution of the constrained or rigid amorphous fraction (RAF) of biodegradable and biocompatible poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) was quantified, after detailed thermodynamic characterization by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction analysis. At the glass transition temperature, around -40 °C, the rigid amorphous fraction in PBS is about 0.25. It decreases with increasing temperature and becomes zero in proximity of 25 °C. Thus, at room temperature and at the human body temperature, all the amorphous fraction is mobile. This information is important for the development of PBS products for various applications, including biomedical applications, since physical properties of the rigid amorphous fraction, for example mechanical and permeability properties, are different from those of the mobile amorphous fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Righetti
- CNR-IPCF, National Research Council - Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes Via Moruzzi 1 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Maria Laura Di Lorenzo
- CNR-IPCB, National Research Council - Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials Via Campi Flegrei 24 80078 Pozzuoli Italy
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- University of Pisa, Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering Largo Lazzarino 2 56122 Pisa Italy
| | - Massimo Gazzano
- CNR-ISOF, National Research Council - Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity Via Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy
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9
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Yang HR, Chen YY, Sun HS, Tung SH, Huang SL, Huang PC, Lee JJ, Lai YY. Strengthening the Intrachain Interconnection of Polymers by the Naphthalene Diimide–Pyrene Complementary Interactions. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hau-Ren Yang
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Yu Chen
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Han-Sheng Sun
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Huang Tung
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Ling Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chia Huang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Jey-Jau Lee
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ying Lai
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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10
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Androsch R, Toda A, Furushima Y, Schick C. Insertion‐Crystallization‐Induced Low‐Temperature Annealing Peaks in Melt‐Crystallized Poly(
l
‐Lactic Acid). MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- René Androsch
- Interdisciplinary Center for Transfer‐oriented Research in Natural Sciences Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Saale Halle 06099 Germany
| | - Akihiko Toda
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Higashi Hiroshima 739‐8521 Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Furushima
- Materials Characterization Laboratories Toray Research Center Inc. 3–7, Sonoyama 3‐chome Otsu Shiga 520‐8567 Japan
| | - Christoph Schick
- Institute of Physics and Competence Center CALOR University of Rostock Rostock 18051 Germany
- Butlerov Institute of Chemistry Kazan Federal University 18 Kremlyovskaya Street Kazan 420008 Russia
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11
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Seguela R. Overview and critical survey of polyamide6 structural habits: Misconceptions and controversies. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roland Seguela
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique MATEIS, INSA de Lyon, CNRS ‐ UMR 5510, Université de Lyon, Campus LyonTech La Doua Villeurbanne France
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12
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Monnier X, Cavallo D, Righetti MC, Di Lorenzo ML, Marina S, Martin J, Cangialosi D. Physical Aging and Glass Transition of the Rigid Amorphous Fraction in Poly( l-lactic acid). Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Monnier
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Dario Cavallo
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Righetti
- CNR-IPCF, National Research Council - Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Di Lorenzo
- CNR-IPCB, National Research Council - Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, NA Italy
| | - Sara Marina
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Av. de Tolosa 72, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Jaime Martin
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Av. de Tolosa 72, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque - Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Daniele Cangialosi
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales CFM (CSIC-UPV/EHU) and Materials Physics Center MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
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13
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Schick C, Androsch R. The Origin of Annealing Peaks in Semicrystalline Polymers: Enthalpy Recovery or Melting? Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Schick
- Institute of Physics and Department Life, Light & Matter, Competence Center °CALOR, University of Rostock, Rostock 18051, Germany
- Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya Street, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - René Androsch
- Interdisciplinary Center for Transfer-oriented Research in Natural Sciences (IWE TFN), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale 06099, Germany
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14
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Zytner P, Wu F, Misra M, Mohanty AK. Toughening of Biodegradable Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate- co-3-hydroxyvalerate)/Poly(ε-caprolactone) Blends by In Situ Reactive Compatibilization. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:14900-14910. [PMID: 32637764 PMCID: PMC7330898 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Reactive extrusion of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)/poly(ε-caprolactone) (PHBV/PCL) blends was performed in the presence of cross-linker 1,3,5-tri-2-propenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione (TAIC) and peroxide. The compatibility between the two biodegradable polymers was significantly improved only when TAIC and peroxide work together, as evidenced by the decreased PCL particle size and blurred interfacial gap between the PHBV and PCL. The mechanical, thermal, morphological, and rheological properties of the compatibilized blends were studied and compared to the blends without TAIC and peroxide. At the optimal TAIC content (1 phr), the elongation at break of the compatibilized blends was 380% that of the PHBV/PCL blend without any additives and 700% that of neat PHBV. The improved interfacial compatibility, decreased PCL particle size, and uniform PHBV crystals are all factors that contribute to improving the toughness of the blend. Through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and rheological studies, the reaction mechanism is discussed. The study shows that PHBV and PCL are cross-linked by TAIC, resulting in the formation of a PHBV-PCL co-polymer, which improves the compatibility of the blend. The biodegradable polymer blends with high crystallinity and improved toughness prepared in this study are proposed to be used in sustainable packaging or other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Zytner
- Bioproduct Discovery
and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science
Building, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
- School
of Engineering, Thornbrough Building, University
of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Feng Wu
- Bioproduct Discovery
and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science
Building, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Manjusri Misra
- Bioproduct Discovery
and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science
Building, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
- School
of Engineering, Thornbrough Building, University
of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Amar K. Mohanty
- Bioproduct Discovery
and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science
Building, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
- School
of Engineering, Thornbrough Building, University
of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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15
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Luo S, Wang T, Ocheje MU, Zhang S, Xu J, Qian Z, Gu X, Xue G, Rondeau-Gagné S, Jiang J, Hu W, Zhuravlev E, Zhou D. Multiamorphous Phases in Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Conjugated Polymers: From Bulk to Ultrathin Films. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaochuan Luo
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenzhen R&D Center, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenzhen R&D Center, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Michael U. Ocheje
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B3P4, Canada
| | - Song Zhang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Jie Xu
- Nanoscience and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Zhiyuan Qian
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Xiaodan Gu
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Gi Xue
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenzhen R&D Center, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Simon Rondeau-Gagné
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B3P4, Canada
| | - Jing Jiang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenzhen R&D Center, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Wenbing Hu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenzhen R&D Center, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Evgeny Zhuravlev
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenzhen R&D Center, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Dongshan Zhou
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenzhen R&D Center, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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Di Lorenzo ML, Longo A, Androsch R. Polyamide 11/Poly(butylene succinate) Bio-Based Polymer Blends. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12172833. [PMID: 31484372 PMCID: PMC6747972 DOI: 10.3390/ma12172833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The manuscript details the preparation and characterization of binary blends of polyamide 11 (PA 11) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), with PA 11 as the major component. The blends are fully bio-based, since both components are produced from renewable resources. In addition, PBS is also biodegradable and compostable, contrarily to PA 11. In the analyzed composition range (up to 40 m% PBS), the two polymers are not miscible, and the blends display two separate glass transitions. The PA 11/PBS blends exhibit a droplet-matrix morphology, with uniform dispersion within the matrix, and some interfacial adhesion between the matrix and the dispersed droplets. Infrared spectroscopy indicates the possible interaction between the hydrogens of the amide groups of PA 11 chains and the carbonyl groups of PBS, which provides the compatibilization of the components. The analyzed blends show mechanical properties that are comparable to neat PA 11, with the benefit of reduced material costs attained by addition of biodegradable PBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura Di Lorenzo
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (CNR), Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy.
| | - Alessandra Longo
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (CNR), Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples "Federico II", P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - René Androsch
- Interdisciplinary Center for Transfer-oriented Research in Natural Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle/Saale, Germany
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