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Farshadyeganeh P, Yamada T, Ohashi H, Nishimura G, Fujita H, Oishi Y, Nunode M, Ishikawa S, Murotsuki J, Yamashita Y, Ikegawa S, Ogi T, Arikawa-Hirasawa E, Ohno K. Dyssegmental dysplasia Rolland-Desbuquois type is caused by pathogenic variants in HSPG2 - a founder haplotype shared in five patients. J Hum Genet 2024; 69:235-244. [PMID: 38424183 PMCID: PMC11126378 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-024-01229-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Dyssegmental dysplasia (DD) is a severe skeletal dysplasia comprised of two subtypes: lethal Silverman-Handmaker type (DDSH) and nonlethal Rolland-Desbuquois type (DDRD). DDSH is caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in HSPG2 encoding perlecan, whereas the genetic cause of DDRD remains undetermined. Schwartz-Jampel syndrome (SJS) is also caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in HSPG2 and is an allelic disorder of DDSH. In SJS and DDSH, 44 and 8 pathogenic variants have been reported in HSPG2, respectively. Here, we report that five patients with DDRD carried four pathogenic variants in HSPG2: c.9970 G > A (p.G3324R), c.559 C > T (p.R187X), c7006 + 1 G > A, and c.11562 + 2 T > G. Two patients were homozygous for p.G3324R, and three patients were heterozygous for p.G3324R. Haplotype analysis revealed a founder haplotype spanning 85,973 bp shared in the five patients. SJS, DDRD, and DDSH are allelic disorders with pathogenic variants in HSPG2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paniz Farshadyeganeh
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamada
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Ohashi
- Division of Medical Genetics, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Gen Nishimura
- Department of Radiology, Musashino Yowakai Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Fujita
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hokkaido Medical Center for Child Health and Rehabilitation, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuriko Oishi
- Department of Obstetrics, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Misa Nunode
- Department of Obstetrics, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Shuku Ishikawa
- Department of Neonatal Internal Medicine, Hokkaido Medical Center for Child Health and Rehabilitation, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jun Murotsuki
- Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Miyagi Children's Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuri Yamashita
- Aging Biology in Health and Disease, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiro Ikegawa
- Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoo Ogi
- Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (RIeM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Eri Arikawa-Hirasawa
- Aging Biology in Health and Disease, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kinji Ohno
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
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Sao K, Risbud MV. Proteoglycan Dysfunction: A Common Link Between Intervertebral Disc Degeneration and Skeletal Dysplasia. Neurospine 2024; 21:162-178. [PMID: 38569642 PMCID: PMC10992626 DOI: 10.14245/ns.2347342.671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Proteoglycans through their sulfated glycosaminoglycans regulate cell-matrix signaling during tissue development, regeneration, and degeneration processes. Large extracellular proteoglycans such as aggrecan, versican, and perlecan are especially important for the structural integrity of the intervertebral disc and cartilage during development. In these tissues, proteoglycans are responsible for hydration, joint flexibility, and the absorption of mechanical loads. Loss or reduction of these molecules can lead to disc degeneration and skeletal dysplasia, evident from loss of disc height or defects in skeletal development respectively. In this review, we discuss the common proteoglycans found in the disc and cartilage and elaborate on various murine models and skeletal dysplasias in humans to highlight how their absence and/or aberrant expression causes accelerated disc degeneration and developmental defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimheak Sao
- Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Jefferson College of Life Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Makarand V. Risbud
- Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Jefferson College of Life Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Abstract
ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to classify the fetal skeletal dysplasias (FSD) in a series of affected fetuses based on radio-pathologic criteria. Materials and methods: We gathered clinicopathologic data of 72 cases which were diagnosed among 5995 autopsies performed over a 8-year period. Results: The prevalence of FSD was 1.2:100 autopsies. The overall sex ratio (M:F) was 1.25. Gestational age was between 17 and 24 weeks in 60% of cases. The FSD were classified into 13 distinct pathologic groups. Four major groups were identified: (1) Osteogenesis imperfecta (21 cases, 29%); (2) FGFR3 chondrodysplasia (18 cases, 25%); (3) Ciliopathies (9 cases, 12%); and (4) Sulfation disorders (7 cases, 10%). Thanatophoric dysplasia type 1 and lethal osteogenesis imperfecta were the most common skeletal dysplasias. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates the usefulness of the radio-pathologic examination in the diagnosis and accurate classification of the FSD, thus enabling better targeting of genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihem Darouich
- LR99ES10 Laboratory of Human genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Fetopathology Unit, Hospital Habib Bougatfa, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Aida Masmoudi
- Department of Embryo-Fetopathology, Maternity and Neonatology Center, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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Dyssegmental Dysplasia-Silverman Handmaker Type: a Rare Case Report. JOURNAL OF FETAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40556-021-00323-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Wu WJ, Ma GC, Chang TY, Lee MH, Chen YN, Chen M. Hydrops in first trimester as unreported prenatal finding of dyssegmental dysplasia confirmed by exome sequencing. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2021; 58:318-320. [PMID: 32936525 DOI: 10.1002/uog.23119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- W J Wu
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Department of Genomic Science and Technology, Changhua Christian Hospital Healthcare System, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Programs in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - G-C Ma
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Department of Genomic Science and Technology, Changhua Christian Hospital Healthcare System, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - T Y Chang
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Department of Genomic Science and Technology, Changhua Christian Hospital Healthcare System, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - M H Lee
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Department of Genomic Science and Technology, Changhua Christian Hospital Healthcare System, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Y N Chen
- Taiji Fetal Medicine Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - M Chen
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Department of Genomic Science and Technology, Changhua Christian Hospital Healthcare System, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Dayeh University, Changhua, Taiwan
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Xia C, Xu L, Xue B, Sheng F, Qiu Y, Zhu Z. Rare variant of HSPG2 is not involved in the development of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: evidence from a large-scale replication study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2019; 20:24. [PMID: 30646882 PMCID: PMC6334417 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-019-2402-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rare variants of HSPG2 have recently been reported to function as a potential contributor to the susceptibility of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) in the Caucasians. A replication study in the different population is warranted to validate the role of HSPG2 in AIS. The aim of this study was to determine the association between HSPG2 and AIS in the Chinese patients and to further investigate its influence on the phenotype of the patients. METHODS SNVs p.Asn786Ser of HSPG2 was genotyped in 1752 patients and 1584 normal controls using multiple ligase detection reactions. The mRNA expression of HSPG2 in the paraspinal muscles was quantified for 90 patients and 26 controls. The The Student's t test was used to analyze the inter-group comparison of the HSPG2 expression. The relationship between the HSPG2 expression and the curve magnitude of the patients was analyzed by the Pearson correlation analysis. RESULTS No case of mutation in the reported SNV p.Asn786Ser of HSPG2 was found in our cohort. The mRNA expression of HSPG2 in patients was comparable with that in the controls (0.0016 ± 0.0013 vs. 0.0019 ± 0.0012, p = 0.29). 42 patients with curve magnitude > 60 degrees were assigned to the severe curve group. The other 58 patients were assigned to the moderate curve group. These two groups were found to have comparable HSPG2 expression (0.0015 ± 0.0011 vs. 0.0017 ± 0.0014, p = 0.57). And there was no remarkable correlation between the expression level of HSPG2 and the curve severity (r = 0.131, p = 0.71). CONCLUSIONS HSPG2 gene was not associated with the susceptibility or the phenotypes of AIS in the Chinese population. The whole HSPG2 gene can be sequenced in more AIS patients to identify potentially causative mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xia
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Leilei Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Bingchuan Xue
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Sheng
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Qiu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Zezhang Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
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Martinez JR, Dhawan A, Farach-Carson MC. Modular Proteoglycan Perlecan/ HSPG2: Mutations, Phenotypes, and Functions. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E556. [PMID: 30453502 PMCID: PMC6266596 DOI: 10.3390/genes9110556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2 (HSPG2) is an essential, highly conserved gene whose expression influences many developmental processes including the formation of the heart and brain. The gene is widely expressed throughout the musculoskeletal system including cartilage, bone marrow and skeletal muscle. The HSPG2 gene product, perlecan is a multifunctional proteoglycan that preserves the integrity of extracellular matrices, patrols tissue borders, and controls various signaling pathways affecting cellular phenotype. Given HSPG2's expression pattern and its role in so many fundamental processes, it is not surprising that relatively few gene mutations have been identified in viable organisms. Mutations to the perlecan gene are rare, with effects ranging from a relatively mild condition to a more severe and perinatally lethal form. This review will summarize the important studies characterizing mutations and variants of HSPG2 and discuss how these genomic modifications affect expression, function and phenotype. Additionally, this review will describe the clinical findings of reported HSPG2 mutations and their observed phenotypes. Finally, the evolutionary aspects that link gene integrity to function are discussed, including key findings from both in vivo animal studies and in vitro systems. We also hope to facilitate discussion about perlecan/HSPG2 and its role in normal physiology, to explain how mutation can lead to pathology, and to point out how this information can suggest pathways for future mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerahme R Martinez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
| | - Akash Dhawan
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
| | - Mary C Farach-Carson
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
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Basalom S, Trakadis Y, Shear R, Azouz ME, De Bie I. Dyssegmental dysplasia, Silverman-Handmaker type: A challenging antenatal diagnosis in a dizygotic twin pregnancy. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2018. [PMID: 29526034 PMCID: PMC6014473 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dyssegmental dysplasia Silverman‐Handmaker (DDSH; MIM 224410) type is an extremely rare skeletal dysplasia caused by functional null mutations in the perlecan gene. Less than forty cases are reported in the literature, of which only four were prenatally detected. Methods We report on a dizygotic twin pregnancy from consanguineous parents for which one of the twins presented prenatally with severe micromelia, limb bowing and scoliosis, and postnatally with clinical and radiological features compatible with a diagnosis of dyssegmental dysplasia. Molecular studies were undertaken to confirm the clinical diagnosis of DDSH. Results Molecular analysis results revealed a novel homozygous variant in the HSPG2 gene (MIM 142461), NM_005529.6(HSPG2):c.4029 + 1G>A, consistent with a diagnosis of DDSH. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, the current report is only the seventh molecularly confirmed case of DDSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaa Basalom
- Department of Medical GeneticsMcGill University Health CentreMontréalQCCanada
| | - Yannis Trakadis
- Department of Medical GeneticsMcGill University Health CentreMontréalQCCanada
| | - Roberta Shear
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyJewish General HospitalMontréalQCCanada
| | - Michel E. Azouz
- Department of RadiologyMcGill University Health CentreMontréalQCCanada
| | - Isabelle De Bie
- Department of Medical GeneticsMcGill University Health CentreMontréalQCCanada
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