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Jiménez C, Garrote-de-Barros A, López-Portugués C, Hernández-Sánchez M, Díez P. Characterization of Human B Cell Hematological Malignancies Using Protein-Based Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4644. [PMID: 38731863 PMCID: PMC11083628 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The maturation of B cells is a complex, multi-step process. During B cell differentiation, errors can occur, leading to the emergence of aberrant versions of B cells that, finally, constitute a malignant tumor. These B cell malignancies are classified into three main groups: leukemias, myelomas, and lymphomas, the latter being the most heterogeneous type. Since their discovery, multiple biological studies have been performed to characterize these diseases, aiming to define their specific features and determine potential biomarkers for diagnosis, stratification, and prognosis. The rise of advanced -omics approaches has significantly contributed to this end. Notably, proteomics strategies appear as promising tools to comprehensively profile the final molecular effector of these cells. In this narrative review, we first introduce the main B cell malignancies together with the most relevant proteomics approaches. Then, we describe the core studies conducted in the field and their main findings and, finally, we evaluate the advantages and drawbacks of flow cytometry, mass cytometry, and mass spectrometry for the profiling of human B cell disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Jiménez
- Hematology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca (HUS/IBSAL), CIBERONC and Cancer Research Institute of Salamanca-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Alba Garrote-de-Barros
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pharmacy School, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-d.-B.); (M.H.-S.)
- Department of Translational Hematology, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit H12O-CNIO, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos López-Portugués
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain;
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - María Hernández-Sánchez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pharmacy School, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-d.-B.); (M.H.-S.)
- Department of Translational Hematology, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit H12O-CNIO, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Díez
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain;
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
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Tang X, Xu R, Zheng W, Zhou Y, Cui S, Wang Y. Disease-controlled multiple myeloma in a patient with 17p gain and t(4;14): A case report. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28950. [PMID: 38596106 PMCID: PMC11002686 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytogenetic karyotypes such as t(4; 14), del(17p), t(14; 16), t(14; 20), and TP53 mutations are associated with high-risk multiple-myeloma (MM) and indicate poor prognosis. Therefore, cytogenetic testing is extremely important for determining prognosis of MM. However, the aberrant karyotypes reported in the current literature are incomplete. The cytogenetic karyotype 17p gain has not received widespread attention, and its relationship with MM prognosis is unknown; additionally, the prognosis of 17p gain associated with t(4; 14) has not been studied in depth. Therefore, we introduce a special case in which a patient had both 17p gain and t(4; 14). An 81-year-old woman was admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine for stomach discomfort. The patient had no relevant medical history. Laboratory tests, immunophenotyping, and haematological results suggested MM, and cytogenetic tests indicated 17p gain and t(4; 14) with no other abnormalities. She was treated with two different chemotherapeutic regimens and achieved very good partial response, but eventually experienced biochemical relapses after discontinuing therapy. However, she eventually achieved good disease control with a bortezomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone-based regimen; she has survived longer than 5 years, much longer than the 1 year reported for MM patients with t(4:14), and been progression-free more than 3 years. We use this case to explore the possible relationship between the 17p gain and prognosis of patients with MM, as well as the treatment of MM with high-risk cytogenetic karyotypes. This case enriches the clinical application of cytogenetic analysis and adds important indicators for the prognosis of MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Tang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ruirong Xu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Institute of Hematology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Health Commission Key Laboratory of Hematology of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Institute of Hematology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Health Commission Key Laboratory of Hematology of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Institute of Hematology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Health Commission Key Laboratory of Hematology of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Siyuan Cui
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Institute of Hematology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Health Commission Key Laboratory of Hematology of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Institute of Hematology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Health Commission Key Laboratory of Hematology of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Li F, Liu J, Miao J, Hong F, Liu R, Lv Y, Yang Y, He A, Wang J. Circular RNA circXPO1 Promotes Multiple Myeloma Progression by Regulating miR-495-3p/DNA Damage-Induced Transcription 4 Axis. DNA Cell Biol 2024; 43:39-55. [PMID: 38079253 PMCID: PMC10825292 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2023.0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy that results from uncontrolled plasma cell proliferation. Circular RNAs are versatile regulators that influence cancer aggression. The pathogenic mechanism of circXPO1 in MM is still unknown. In this study, the expression of circXPO1, miR-495-3p, and DNA damage-induced transcription 4 (DDIT4) was detected. Knockdown and overexpression assays were used to evaluate the effect of circXPO1 on MM. Specifically, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine and cell counting kit-8 assay were used to investigate cell proliferation. Meanwhile, flow cytometry was adopted to detect cell apoptosis and cell cycle. Apoptosis-associated and cell cycle-related proteins were detected by Western blot. Mechanistically, biotin RNA pull-down assay and dual-luciferase assay were implemented to verify the combination among miR495-3p and circXPO1 or DDIT4. The function of circXPO1 in vivo was explored in xenograft experiments. The results showed that circXPO1 was up-regulated in both MM samples and MM cell lines and miR-495-3p was down-regulated in MM patients. Silencing circXPO1 inhibited cell proliferation, increased apoptosis rates, and caused the G1 phase arrest. Overexpression of circXPO1 yielded opposite results. In addition, RNA pull-down experiment demonstrated the interaction between circXPO1 and miR-495-3p. Silencing miR-495-3p rescued the inhibitory function caused by the knockdown of circXPO1. DDIT4 was the target of miR-495-3p. Finally, silencing circXPO1 inhibited the growth of subcutaneous tumors in vivo. In conclusion, our findings showed that circXPO1 could promote MM progression via the miR-495-3p/DDIT4 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangmei Li
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, China
| | - Jiyu Miao
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, China
| | - Fei Hong
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, China
| | - Yang Lv
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, China
| | - Yun Yang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, China
| | - Aili He
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, China
| | - Jianli Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, China
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Cui S, Wei G, Zhou L, Zhao E, Wang T, Ma F. Predicting line of therapy transition via similar patient augmentation. J Biomed Inform 2023; 147:104511. [PMID: 37813326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2023.104511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Analyzing large EHR databases to predict cancer progression and treatments has become a hot trend in recent years. An increasing number of modern deep learning models have been proposed to find the milestones of essential patient medical journey characteristics to predict their disease status and give healthcare professionals valuable insights. However, most of the existing methods are lack of consideration for the inter-relationship among different patients. We believe that more valuable information can be extracted, especially when patients with similar disease statuses visit the same doctors. Towards this end, a similar patient augmentation-based approach named SimPA is proposed to enhance the learning of patient representations and further predict lines of therapy transition. Our experiment results on a real-world multiple myeloma dataset show that our proposed approach outperforms state-of-the-art baseline approaches in terms of standard evaluation metrics for classification tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhan Cui
- College of Information Sciences and Technology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Guanhao Wei
- Advanced Analytics, IQVIA Inc, Wayne, PA, 19087, USA
| | - Li Zhou
- Advanced Analytics, IQVIA Inc, Wayne, PA, 19087, USA
| | - Emily Zhao
- Advanced Analytics, IQVIA Inc, Wayne, PA, 19087, USA
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Information Sciences and Technology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Fenglong Ma
- College of Information Sciences and Technology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16802, USA.
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5
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Liang J, Yang Y, He P, Mandizadza OO, Zhang W, Lin S, Ji C. Treatment of multiple myeloma based on autologous stem cell transplant: An overview of systematic reviews. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35456. [PMID: 37800752 PMCID: PMC10553094 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant plasma cell disease. In recent years, several systematic reviews, and meta-analyses have been published on treatment protocols, including autologous stem cell transplantation for MM. METHODS Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched to systematically summarize the quality of the methodology and evidence of meta-analyses regarding treatment of MM including autologous stem cell transplantation. RESULTS Total 11 meta-analyses were included. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses evaluation revealed that the quality of included reviews was affected by possible unevaluated bias between studies and the lack of protocol and registration. The AMSTAR2 scale indicated that the quality of the methodology of included reviews ranged from very low to moderate. The grading, assessment, development, and evaluation of recommendations evaluation showed that among the included outcome indicators, most of them are of low quality. CONCLUSION This overview suggested that the combination of drugs has improved patient survival rates, efficacy and safety compared with the standard regimen. However, the strength of the evidence is uneven and due to methodological errors, the results should be interpreted with caution in order to provide a reference for further improvement of the study design. The methodological quality of the relevant meta-analysis needs to be further improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ying Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Peijie He
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | | | - Wanjun Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shengyun Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Conghua Ji
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
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Olsen TR, Tapia-Alveal C, Wen K, Worgall TS, Stojanovic MN, Lin Q. Microfluidic isolation of aptamers with affinity towards multiple myeloma monoclonal immunoglobulins. Biomed Microdevices 2022; 25:3. [PMID: 36480127 PMCID: PMC11113000 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-022-00643-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a bone marrow cancer of resident plasma cells that affects 125,000 patients in the U.S. with about 30,000 new cases per year. Its signature is the clonal proliferation of a single plasma cell that secretes a patient specific monoclonal immunoglobulin (M-Ig). Targeting the M-Ig in patient serum could allow sensitive and noninvasive identification of minimal residual disease in multiple myeloma. Aptamers, which are single-stranded oligonucleotides with affinity and specificity to a target molecule, have recently been introduced as affinity reagents for recognition of MM M-Igs. Here we exploit microfluidic SELEX technology to enable rapid and efficient generation of aptamers against M-Ig proteins from MM patients. We first characterize the technology by isolating aptamers with affinity towards the monoclonal antibody rituximab as a model M-Ig and then apply the technology to isolating aptamers specifically targeting M-Igs obtained from serum samples of MM patients. We demonstrate that high-affinity DNA aptamers (KD < 50 nM) for M-Ig proteins from a patient sample could be isolated via microfluidic SELEX within approximately 12 h and using less than 100 micrograms of patient M-Ig. Such aptamers can potentially be used in personalized monitoring of minimal residual disease in MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Olsen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, 10027, New York, NY, USA
| | - Claudia Tapia-Alveal
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, 10032, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kechun Wen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, 10027, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tilla S Worgall
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, 10032, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Qiao Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, 10027, New York, NY, USA.
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7
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Nikolaou A, Hogea C, Samyshkin Y, Maiese EM, Sansbury L, Oguz M, Cid-Ruzafa J, Kapoor R, Wang F. An Epidemiology Model for Estimating the Numbers of US Patients With Multiple Myeloma by Line of Therapy and Treatment Exposure. VALUE IN HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PHARMACOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2022; 25:1977-1985. [PMID: 35963840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2022.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Estimates on the distribution of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) by line of therapy (LOT) are scarce and get outdated quickly as new treatments become available. The objective of this study was to estimate the number of patients with MM by LOT and the number of patients who have received at least 4 previous LOTs including proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory agents, and anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). METHODS A compartmental model was developed to calculate the number of patients by LOT. Two pathways were considered based on stem cell transplant eligibility, and at each pathway, treatments were stratified in 2 types: anti-CD38 mAbs or other. The model population was stratified into 4 subgroups based on age and cytogenetic risk. Model inputs were informed from real-world evidence. RESULTS The model estimated that, in 2020, 126 869 patients were living with MM in the United States. Of these, 105 701 received treatment in any LOT, with 56 959, 27 252, 11 258, and 5217 in lines 1 to 4, respectively, and 5015 in line 5 or beyond. The model estimated that 3497 patients received at least 4 previous LOTs including proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory agents, and anti-CD38 mAbs. The model overall prevalence predictions aligned well with publicly available estimates. CONCLUSIONS This study proposes a novel framework to estimate MM prevalence. It can assist clinicians to understand future trends in MM epidemiology, healthcare systems to plan for future resource use allocation, and payers to quantify the budget impact of new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cosmina Hogea
- Value Evidence and Outcomes, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, PA, USA
| | - Yevgeniy Samyshkin
- Value Evidence and Outcomes, GlaxoSmithKline, Brentford, Middlesex, England, UK
| | - Eric M Maiese
- Value Evidence and Outcomes, GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leah Sansbury
- Value Evidence and Outcomes, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Mustafa Oguz
- Real-World Evidence, Evidera, London, England, UK
| | | | - Ritika Kapoor
- Modelling and Simulation, Evidera, London, England, UK
| | - Feng Wang
- Value Evidence and Outcomes, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, PA, USA
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Zhou F, Guo L. Lncrna ANGPTL1-3 and its target microRNA-30a exhibit potency as biomarkers for bortezomib response and prognosis in multiple myeloma patients. Hematology 2022; 27:596-602. [PMID: 35617291 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2022.2072062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Long non-coding RNA ANGPTL1-3 (lnc-ANGPTL1-3) is previously observed to induce bortezomib resistance via targeting microRNA-30a (miR-30a) in multiple myeloma (MM). Hence, this study aimed to further explore the relationship between lnc-ANGPTL1-3 and miR-30a and their linkage with disease properties and prognosis in bortezomib-treated MM patients. METHODS Fifty-nine MM patients underwent treatment with the bortezomib-based regimen, and 30 healthy donors were consecutively enrolled. Bone marrow samples were collected from MM patients (before therapy) and healthy donors; then, plasma cells were separated for lnc-ANGPTL1-3 and miR-30a detection by RT-qPCR. Then treatment response, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) of MM patients were assessed. RESULTS Lnc-ANGPTL1-3 was upregulated while miR-30a was downregulated in MM patients compared to healthy donors (both P < 0.001), then a negative correlation between lnc-ANGPTL1-3 and miR-30a was found in MM patients (P < 0.001) instead of in health donors (P = 0.188). In MM patients, lnc-ANGPTL1-3 correlated with increased t (4;14) (P = 0.033), Del (17p) (P = 0.018), ISS stage (P = 0.020), R-ISS stage (P = 0.025) but not t (14;16) (P = 0.255) or Durie-Salmon stage (P = 0.186); while miR-30a only related to decreased t (14;16) (P = 0.025) and R-ISS stage (P = 0.006). Besides, lnc-ANGPTL1-3 predicted lower complete response (CR) (P = 0.034), poor PFS (P = 0.016) and OS (P = 0.041) but not objective response rate (ORR) (P = 0.128). However, miR-30a forecasted higher CR (P = 0.013), prolonged PFS (P = 0.014), and OS (P = 0.045) but not ORR (P = 0.407). CONCLUSION Lnc-ANGPTL1-3 negative correlates with miR-30a, which links with key cytogenetic features, ISS/R-ISS stage, and prognosis in MM patients who underwent treatment of bortezomib-based regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyin Guo
- Department of Hematology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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Hoda D, Richards R, Faber EA, Deol A, Hunter BD, Weber E, DiFilippo H, Henderson-Clark T, Meaux L, Crivera C, Riccobono C, Garrett A, Jackson CC, Fowler J, Theocharous P, Stewart R, Lorden AL, Porter DL, Berger A. Process, resource and success factors associated with chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for multiple myeloma. Future Oncol 2022; 18:2415-2431. [PMID: 35583358 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2022-0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy represents a new frontier in multiple myeloma. It is important to understand critical success factors (CSFs) that may optimize its use in this therapeutic area. Methods: We estimated the CAR-T process using time-driven activity-based costing. Information was obtained through interviews at four US oncology centers and with payer representatives, and through publicly available data. Results: The CAR-T process comprises 13 steps which take 177 days; it was estimated to include 46 professionals and ten care settings. CSFs included proactive collaboration, streamlined reimbursement and CAR-T administration in alternative settings when possible. Implementing CSFs may reduce episode time and costs by 14.4 and 13.2%, respectively. Conclusion: Our research provides a blueprint for improving efficiencies in CAR-T therapy, thereby increasing its sustainability for multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daanish Hoda
- Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Robert Richards
- Cell Therapy & Transplant Program, Division of Hematology-Oncology & Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Edward A Faber
- Transplant & Cellular Therapy Program, Oncology/Hematology Care, USA.,Adult BMT & Cellular Therapy Program, University of Cincinnati, 2600 Clifton Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Abhinav Deol
- Karmanos Cancer Center, 4100 John R St, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Weber
- Cell Therapy & Transplant Program, Division of Hematology-Oncology & Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Heather DiFilippo
- Cell Therapy & Transplant Program, Division of Hematology-Oncology & Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Linda Meaux
- Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Concetta Crivera
- Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC, 1125 Trenton-Harbourton Road, Titusville, NJ 08560, USA
| | - Carrie Riccobono
- US Medical Affairs, Legend Biotech, 2101 Cottontail Lane Somerset, NJ 08873, USA
| | - Ashraf Garrett
- US Medical Affairs, Legend Biotech, 2101 Cottontail Lane Somerset, NJ 08873, USA
| | - Carolyn C Jackson
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Research & Development, 1125 Trenton-Harbourton Road, Titusville, NJ 08560, USA
| | - Jessica Fowler
- Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC, 1125 Trenton-Harbourton Road, Titusville, NJ 08560, USA
| | | | - Raj Stewart
- Evidera
- PPD, 7101 Wisconsin AvenueSuite 1400Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Andrea L Lorden
- Evidera
- PPD, 7101 Wisconsin AvenueSuite 1400Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - David L Porter
- Cell Therapy & Transplant Program, Division of Hematology-Oncology & Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ariel Berger
- Evidera
- PPD, 7101 Wisconsin AvenueSuite 1400Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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Leleu X, Chari A, Richard S, Khurana M, Yusuf A, Usmani SZ. A combination of carfilzomib, dexamethasone, and daratumumab for treatment of adult patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma in two dosing regimens: once-weekly and twice-weekly. Expert Rev Hematol 2021; 14:1049-1058. [PMID: 34546844 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2021.1955343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the development of new therapeutic agents, relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) is associated with poor survival outcomes. Furthermore, many patients develop resistance to immunomodulatory drugs (IMiD), creating a need for IMiD-free regimens. Areas covered: This review focuses on the combination of carfilzomib, dexamethasone, and daratumumab (KdD or DKd) which has shown promising results in patients with RRMM who have tried multiple lines of therapy, and has been approved in the U.S., EU, and Japan. The KdD triplet has two recommended dosage regimens, carfilzomib once-weekly (KdD70 QW) and carfilzomib twice-weekly (KdD56 BIW), with comparable efficacy and safety profiles. Expert opinion: These options provide flexibility to patients and healthcare providers, especially in the era of COVID-19. Carfilzomib-based regimens remain a standard of care based on multiple randomized phase 3 studies. Additional studies are currently underway investigating carfilzomib-based regimens such as KdD combined with novel agents. Nevertheless, KdD is one of the most efficacious options for patients with RRMM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ajai Chari
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shambavi Richard
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Saad Z Usmani
- Levine Cancer Institute/Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, USA
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Special Considerations for Supportive Care and Management of Complications in Elderly Patients With Multiple Myeloma. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2021; 21:812-822. [PMID: 34384735 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2021.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a progressive and incurable hematologic malignancy. It is predominantly a disease of older individuals, with a third of these patients considered to be elderly. In recent years, there has been a focus and emphasis on identifying and stratifying patients based on their functional status and frailty. There are several hallmark complications of the disease-hypercalcemia, renal insufficiency, anemia, bone pain-along with thromboembolism and compromised immunity that are common in patients with multiple myeloma. Due to the wide range of patient ages and functional status, there are, accordingly, different considerations for management of the above complications based on numerous factors, including frailty status. This review focuses on considerations and management of common complications of multiple myeloma in elderly patients. These include renal failure, skeletal complications, anemia, thromboembolism, and infectious complications.
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12
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Next-Generation Biomarkers in Multiple Myeloma: Understanding the Molecular Basis for Potential Use in Diagnosis and Prognosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147470. [PMID: 34299097 PMCID: PMC8305153 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is considered to be the second most common blood malignancy and it is characterized by abnormal proliferation and an accumulation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. Although the currently utilized markers in the diagnosis and assessment of MM are showing promising results, the incidence and mortality rate of the disease are still high. Therefore, exploring and developing better diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers have drawn global interest. In the present review, we highlight some of the recently reported and investigated novel biomarkers that have great potentials as diagnostic and/or prognostic tools in MM. These biomarkers include angiogenic markers, miRNAs as well as proteomic and immunological biomarkers. Moreover, we present some of the advanced methodologies that could be utilized in the early and competent diagnosis of MM. The present review also focuses on understanding the molecular concepts and pathways involved in these biomarkers in order to validate and efficiently utilize them. The present review may also help in identifying areas of improvement for better diagnosis and superior outcomes of MM.
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Xiong S, Chng WJ, Zhou J. Crosstalk between endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress: a dynamic duo in multiple myeloma. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:3883-3906. [PMID: 33599798 PMCID: PMC8106603 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03756-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Under physiological and pathological conditions, cells activate the unfolded protein response (UPR) to deal with the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy arising from immunoglobulin-secreting plasma cells. MM cells are subject to continual ER stress and highly dependent on the UPR signaling activation due to overproduction of paraproteins. Mounting evidence suggests the close linkage between ER stress and oxidative stress, demonstrated by overlapping signaling pathways and inter-organelle communication pivotal to cell fate decision. Imbalance of intracellular homeostasis can lead to deranged control of cellular functions and engage apoptosis due to mutual activation between ER stress and reactive oxygen species generation through a self-perpetuating cycle. Here, we present accumulating evidence showing the interactive roles of redox homeostasis and proteostasis in MM pathogenesis and drug resistance, which would be helpful in elucidating the still underdefined molecular pathways linking ER stress and oxidative stress in MM. Lastly, we highlight future research directions in the development of anti-myeloma therapy, focusing particularly on targeting redox signaling and ER stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Xiong
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Republic of Singapore
| | - Wee-Joo Chng
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Republic of Singapore.
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Republic of Singapore.
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore (NCIS), The National University Health System (NUHS), 1E, Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Jianbiao Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Republic of Singapore.
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Republic of Singapore.
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Kanas G, Clark O, Keeven K, Nersesyan K, Sansbury L, Hogea C. Estimate of multiple myeloma patients by line of therapy in the USA: population-level projections 2020-2025. Future Oncol 2020; 17:921-930. [PMID: 33200616 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-0970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To report the results of a patient epidemiology model for multiple myeloma (MM) treatment by line of therapy (LOT) in the USA. Materials & methods: Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results registry data and physician surveys were combined to project the incidence, prevalence and the number of MM patients treated with systemic therapy by LOT between 2020 and 2025. Results: Projected complete MM prevalence in the USA in 2020 was 144,922, increasing to 162,339 in 2025. Corresponding unique MM patients by LOT in 2020 were: 53,176 (1st; minimum-maximum: 47,304-59,212), 19,407 (2nd; 15,935-23,273), 6,481 (3rd; 5143-8877), 1649 (4th; 1146-2667) and 426 (5th; 217-876). Conclusion: MM incidence and prevalence by LOT is projected to continue to increase in the USA between 2020 and 2025.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gena Kanas
- Kantar, Health Division, New York, NY 10007, USA
| | - Otavio Clark
- Kantar, Health Division, New York, NY 10007, USA
| | - Katie Keeven
- Kantar, Health Division, New York, NY 10007, USA
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15
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Soliman AM, Lin TS, Mahakkanukrauh P, Das S. Role of microRNAs in Diagnosis, Prognosis and Management of Multiple Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7539. [PMID: 33066062 PMCID: PMC7589124 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a cancerous bone disease characterized by malignant transformation of plasma cells in the bone marrow. MM is considered to be the second most common blood malignancy, with 20,000 new cases reported every year in the USA. Extensive research is currently enduring to validate diagnostic and therapeutic means to manage MM. microRNAs (miRNAs) were shown to be dysregulated in MM cases and to have a potential role in either progression or suppression of MM. Therefore, researchers investigated miRNAs levels in MM plasma cells and created tools to test their impact on tumor growth. In the present review, we discuss the most recently discovered miRNAs and their regulation in MM. Furthermore, we emphasized utilizing miRNAs as potential targets in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of MM, which can be useful for future clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amro M. Soliman
- Department of Biological Sciences—Physiology, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
| | - Teoh Seong Lin
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Pasuk Mahakkanukrauh
- Department of Anatomy & Excellence in Osteology Research and Training Center (ORTC), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Srijit Das
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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16
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Changing paradigms in diagnosis and treatment of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM). Leukemia 2020; 34:3111-3125. [PMID: 33046818 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-01051-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a highly heterogenous disease that exists along a continuous disease spectrum starting with premalignant conditions monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) that inevitably precede MM. Over the past two decades, significant progress has been made in the genetic characterization and risk stratification of precursor plasma cell disorders. Indeed, the clinical introduction of highly effective and well-tolerated drugs begs the question: would earlier therapeutic intervention with novel therapies in MGUS and SMM patients alter natural history, providing a potential curative option? In this review, we discuss the epidemiology of MGUS and SMM and current models for risk stratification that predict MGUS and SMM progression to MM. We further discuss genetic heterogeneity and clonal evolution in MM and the interplay between tumor cells and the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. Finally, we provide an overview of the current recommendations for the management of MGUS and SMM and discuss the open controversies in the field in light of promising results from early intervention clinical trials.
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17
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Michaleas S, Penninga E, Hovgaard D, Dalseg AM, Rosso A, Sarac SB, Jimenez JC, Fernández LLA, Fernández CP, Mangas-SanJuan V, Garcia I, Payares-Herrera C, Sancho-López A, Enzmann H, de Castro Lopes Silva MSS, Duarte S, Pignatti F. EMA Review of Daratumumab (Darzalex) for the Treatment of Adult Patients Newly Diagnosed with Multiple Myeloma. Oncologist 2020; 25:1067-1074. [PMID: 33026700 DOI: 10.1002/onco.13554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of daratumumab in combination with established regimens for the treatment of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma has recently been authorized by the European Medicines Agency based on results from three separate phase III randomized, active controlled, open-label studies that have confirmed enhanced efficacy and tolerability in both transplant-ineligible (MMY3008 and MMY3007) and transplant-eligible (MMY3006) patients, without compromising transplant ability. Trial MMY3008 showed an improvement in progression-free survival (PFS) when daratumumab was added to lenalidomide and dexamethasone compared with lenalidomide and dexamethasone; the median PFS had not been reached in the daratumumab arm and was 31.9 months in the control arm (hazard ratio [HR], 0.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.43-0.73; p < .0001). Trial MMY3007 showed an improvement in PFS when daratumumab was added to bortezomib, melphalan, and prednisone compared with bortezomib, melphalan, and prednisone; PFS had not been reached in the daratumumab arm and was 18.1 months in the control arm (HR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.38-0.65; p < .0001). In trial MMY3006, daratumumab added to bortezomib, thalidomide, and dexamethasone was compared with bortezomib, thalidomide, and dexamethasone as induction and consolidation treatment prior to autologous stem cell transplant. The stringent complete response rate at day 100 after transplant in the daratumumab group was 29% compared with 20% in the control group (odds ratio, 1.60; 1.21-2.12 95% CI; p = .0010). Overall adverse events were manageable, with an increased rate of neutropenia and infections in the daratumumab arms. Regulatory assessment of efficacy and safety results from trials MMY3006, MMY3007, and MMY3008 confirmed a positive benefit-risk ratio leading to an approval of the extensions of indication. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: A set of extensions of indication was recently approved for daratumumab (Darzalex) in the setting of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma in combination with established regimens. Results of the MMY3006, MMY3007, and MMY3008 trials have shown enhanced efficacy and a favorable side effect profile of several daratumumab-based combinations in patients both ineligible and eligible for transplant, without compromising transplant ability. The combinations of daratumumab with either lenalidomide and low-dose dexamethasone or bortezomib, melphalan, and prednisone were approved for transplant-ineligible patients. The combination of daratumumab with bortezomib, thalidomide, and dexamethasone was approved for transplant-eligible patients. These combinations are expected to improve the survival outlook for patients with multiple myeloma, without an unacceptable risk of increase in adverse events, and updated information on progression-free survival and overall survival is expected from the above trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sinan B Sarac
- Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Danish Medicines Agency, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jorge Camarero Jimenez
- Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Agencia Española de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Victor Mangas-SanJuan
- Agencia Española de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios, Madrid, Spain
- Interuniversity Research Institute for Molecular Recognition and Technological Development, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Garcia
- Agencia Española de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios, Madrid, Spain
| | - Concepcion Payares-Herrera
- Agencia Española de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aranzazu Sancho-López
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Harald Enzmann
- Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Sílvia Duarte
- Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee (PRAC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- INFARMED - Autoridade Nacional do Medicamento e Produtos de Saúde, I.P, Lisbon, Portugal
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Bassali J, Gould IG, Kaye JA, Mladsi D, Mehta J. US Budget Impact Model for Selinexor in Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma. CLINICOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2020; 12:317-325. [PMID: 32606848 PMCID: PMC7310980 DOI: 10.2147/ceor.s251070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To estimate the budgetary impact of adopting selinexor (XPOVIO; Karyopharm Therapeutics, Inc.) for the treatment of adult patients with penta-refractory multiple myeloma (MM) from the perspective of a third-party payer in the United States (US). Methods A budget impact analysis was conducted in one-year increments for the first 3 years after the introduction of selinexor for a private payer or Medicare Part D. Total annual treatment costs (2018 US dollars) were calculated as the sum of drug costs, costs of adverse events (AEs; grade ≥3), along with ongoing best supportive care costs. The number of eligible patients was derived from national epidemiology statistics, healthcare databases, and published literature. Results In the base-case analysis, selinexor was associated with a per member per month (PMPM) cost of $0.0103 in year 3, assuming a market uptake of 64%, for a hypothetical private payer plan with one million members and four eligible patients. In a scenario analysis with 16 eligible patients with triple-class refractory MM regardless of the line of therapy (this additional scenario analysis was performed with an eligible population that does not fit squarely within the approved label for selinexor but was performed strictly for the purpose of demonstrating the results of the budget impact model when based on a larger pool of eligible patients), the estimated PMPM cost in year 3 was $0.0388. The model showed comparable sensitivity to treatment duration, wholesale acquisition cost for selinexor, and year 1 uptake. The base-case analysis conducted from the perspective of Medicare Part D was associated with a PMPM cost of $0.0078 in year 3 with 159 eligible patients. Conclusions The model estimates a small and manageable budget impact of adopting selinexor into a third-party US payer plan, given the low prevalence of penta-refractory MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Bassali
- Global Medical and Scientific Affairs Department , Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, MA, 02459, USA
| | - Ian Gopal Gould
- Research Health Economy, RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194, USA
| | - James A Kaye
- Epidemiology, RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Deirdre Mladsi
- Health Economics - Strategy and Early Modeling, RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jyotsna Mehta
- HEOR, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, MA 02459, USA
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Xu K, Hu X, Sun L, Liang Q, Ouyang G, Zhang Y, Mu Q, Yan X. MicroRNA-532 exerts oncogenic functions in t(4;14) multiple myeloma by targeting CAMK2N1. Hum Cell 2019; 32:529-539. [PMID: 31452083 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-019-00276-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell neoplasm which is characterized by widespread genetic heterogeneity. The MMs with t(4;14) translocation exhibit poor outcomes. However, the mechanism underlying has not been well dissected. Our study aimed to identify key microRNA involved in the oncogenesis of t(4;14) MM. We here performed an integrated analysis to screen important regulators in the pathogenesis of t(4;14) MM. We used real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting to evaluate the mRNA and protein expression of the indicated microRNA or protein. Cell proliferation assay, colony formation assay, and transwell assay were used to examine the cell growth and metastasis. More importantly, the tumor growth and metastasis were analyzed in nude mice injected with MM cells. The integrated analysis indicated that miR-532 functioned as a pivotal regulator in t(4;14) MM. miR-532 was upregulated in t(4;14) MMs and promotes cell growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Notably, though combing bioinformatics analysis and functional assays, CAMK2N1 was revealed as a functional target of miR-532 in MM cells. CAMK2N1 plays an anti-proliferative and anti-migration role in MM cells, and miR-532 exerts its oncogenic role though inhibiting CAMK2N1 expression in MMs. miR-532 promotes cell proliferation and invasion in t(4;14) MMs by targeting CAMK2N1. Our study, thus, provides possible targets for t(4;14) MM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaihong Xu
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, No. 59 Liuting Street, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, China.
| | - Xuezhen Hu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Laifang Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Qingyue Liang
- Department of Nutrition, The Second Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangan, Sichuan, 638500, China
| | - Guifang Ouyang
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, No. 59 Liuting Street, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, No. 59 Liuting Street, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, China
| | - Qitian Mu
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, No. 59 Liuting Street, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, China
| | - Xiao Yan
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, No. 59 Liuting Street, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, China
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20
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Liu X, Peng J, Zhou Y, Xie B, Wang J. Silencing RRM2 inhibits multiple myeloma by targeting the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:2159-2166. [PMID: 31322175 PMCID: PMC6691237 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribonucleotide reductase M2 (RRM2) is one of the two subunits that comprise ribonucleotide reductase (RR), the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ribonucleotide 5'‑diphosphates into 2'‑deoxyribonucleotides, which are required for DNA synthesis. RRM2 is a stress response factor important for the development of several tumors. However, its role in multiple myeloma (MM) remains to be fully elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the role of RRM2 in MM. The expression of RRM2 in patients with MM was analyzed using the Oncomine database. The results demonstrated that RRM2 expression was higher in MM compared with healthy subjects. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot results revealed that RRM2 expression was decreased following transfection with a small interfering RNA targeting RRM2 into NCI‑H929 cells. RR activity and Cell Counting Kit‑8 assays demonstrated that RRM2 silencing reduced RR activity and inhibited cell proliferation. Annexin V‑propidium iodide staining indicated that the percentage of apoptotic NCI‑H929 cells was increased following RRM2 silencing compared with that in the control group. Increased phosphorylation of H2AX indicated that RRM2 silencing may activate the DNA‑damage response pathway in NCI‑H929 cells. Western blot analysis revealed that protein levels of the apoptosis‑associated factor Bcl‑2 were reduced, whereas Bax, cleaved caspase‑3 and cleaved poly(ADP‑ribose) polymerase 1 were upregulated following RRM2 silencing compared with the control group. In addition, the results demonstrated that RRM2 silencing may inhibit target gene expression in the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway by increasing the phosphorylation of glucose synthase kinase 3β. These findings indicated that RRM2 may be involved in the proliferation and apoptosis of MM cells via the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway, suggesting that RRM2 may represent a novel therapeutic target for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Liu
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310005, P.R. China
| | - Jiamin Peng
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310005, P.R. China
| | - Yayun Zhou
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310005, P.R. China
| | - Bei Xie
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310005, P.R. China
| | - Jianchao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
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21
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Gavriatopoulou M, Fotiou D, Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Kastritis E, Terpos E, Dimopoulos MA. How I treat elderly patients with plasma cell dyscrasias. Aging (Albany NY) 2018; 10:4248-4268. [PMID: 30568029 PMCID: PMC6326666 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Plasma cell dyscrasias are a rare heterogeneous group of hematological disorders which are more prevalent in the older part of the population. The introduction of novel agents, improved understanding of disease biology and better supportive management have improved outcomes considerably and in the era of the aging population the question of how to best manage older patients with plasma cell dyscrasias has never been more relevant. Data on how to treat these patients comes mostly from subgroup analysis as they are underrepresented in clinical trials. This review will cover issues, available evidence and recommendations relevant to diagnosis and management of the older patients with Multiple Myeloma (MM), Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia (WM) and systemic AL Amyloidosis. What will become increasingly evident is the need to develop and establish the use of disease-specific geriatric assessment (GA) tools. Frailty status assessment using GA tools and moving away from making decisions based merely on chronological age will allow setting clear treatment goals and consequently achieving an optimum balance between effectiveness and toxicity for this complex and heterogeneous group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gavriatopoulou
- Alexandra Hospital, Oncology Department, Department of Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
- Equal contribution
| | - Despoina Fotiou
- Alexandra Hospital, Oncology Department, Department of Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
- Equal contribution
| | - Ioannis Ntanasis-Stathopoulos
- Alexandra Hospital, Oncology Department, Department of Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathios Kastritis
- Alexandra Hospital, Oncology Department, Department of Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Terpos
- Alexandra Hospital, Oncology Department, Department of Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Meletios Athanasios Dimopoulos
- Alexandra Hospital, Oncology Department, Department of Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
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Pennisi M, Berchicci L, Miserocchi E, Mussetti A, Cacioppo V, David A, Scialdone A, Lorusso I, Modorati G, Corradini P, Montefusco V. Ocular disorders in multiple myeloma patients: cross-sectional study of prevalence and association with treatment. Leuk Lymphoma 2018; 60:477-482. [PMID: 30033858 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2018.1480770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) therapy is evolving, and several new drugs are now available, extending patients' life and exposure to different compounds and toxicities. We conducted a cross-sectional observational study enrolling 93 consecutive patients on active treatment for MM, aiming to assess their ocular complications. All the patients underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation. In our cohort, prevalence of low visual acuity was in line with similar age healthy population reported in registry studies. Interestingly, we recorded a higher prevalence of lens opacities (46%) and dry eye syndrome (53%). Nevertheless, we did not find any significant association between ocular disorders and anti-myeloma treatments, even steroid therapy. This observation suggests that other factors besides treatments, such as M-protein deposition in eye structures, may have a role in developing ocular toxicities. Since MM patients are elderly patients at higher risk of age-related eye disorders, we recommend periodic ophthalmic assessment in daily practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Pennisi
- a Oncology and Hemato-oncology Department , University of Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - Luigi Berchicci
- b Ophthalmology Department, San Raffaele Hospital , Vita-Salute San Raffaele University , Milan , Italy
| | - Elisabetta Miserocchi
- b Ophthalmology Department, San Raffaele Hospital , Vita-Salute San Raffaele University , Milan , Italy
| | - Alberto Mussetti
- d Hematology Division , Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori , Milan , Italy
| | - Viviana Cacioppo
- c Ophthalmology Unit , ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco , Milan , Italy
| | - Alessandro David
- c Ophthalmology Unit , ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco , Milan , Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Lorusso
- d Hematology Division , Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori , Milan , Italy
| | - Giulio Modorati
- b Ophthalmology Department, San Raffaele Hospital , Vita-Salute San Raffaele University , Milan , Italy
| | - Paolo Corradini
- a Oncology and Hemato-oncology Department , University of Milano , Milan , Italy.,d Hematology Division , Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori , Milan , Italy
| | - Vittorio Montefusco
- d Hematology Division , Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori , Milan , Italy
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Patient-centered practice in elderly myeloma patients: an overview and consensus from the European Myeloma Network (EMN). Leukemia 2018; 32:1697-1712. [DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0142-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Richardson PG, Kumar S, Laubach JP, Paba-Prada C, Gupta N, Berg D, van de Velde H, Moreau P. New developments in the management of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma - the role of ixazomib. J Blood Med 2017; 8:107-121. [PMID: 28860887 PMCID: PMC5573039 DOI: 10.2147/jbm.s102328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ixazomib is the first oral proteasome inhibitor to be approved, in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone, for the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma who have received at least one prior therapy. Approval was on the basis of results from the phase 3, double-blind, placebo-controlled TOURMALINE-MM1 study, which demonstrated a 35% improvement in progression-free survival with the all-oral combination of ixazomib plus lenalidomide-dexamethasone versus lenalidomide-dexamethasone alone (median: 20.6 vs 14.7 months; hazard ratio: 0.74, p=0.012; median follow-up 14.7 months). The addition of ixazomib to the lenalidomide-dexamethasone regimen was associated with limited additional toxicity and had no adverse impact on patient-reported quality of life. Common grade ≥3 adverse events with ixazomib include gastrointestinal adverse events, rash, and thrombocytopenia. Here, we review the efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetics, and patient-reported quality of life data seen with ixazomib, and discuss the role of this oral agent in the treatment of patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma, including in patients with high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities and those with multiple prior therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G Richardson
- Division of Hematologic Malignancy, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shaji Kumar
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jacob P Laubach
- Division of Hematologic Malignancy, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Claudia Paba-Prada
- Division of Hematologic Malignancy, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Neeraj Gupta
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Deborah Berg
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Helgi van de Velde
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Philippe Moreau
- Hematology Department, University Hospital Hotel-Dieu, Nantes, France
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Kazandjian D. Multiple myeloma epidemiology and survival: A unique malignancy. Semin Oncol 2016; 43:676-681. [PMID: 28061985 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 452] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM), although a rare disease, is the second most common hematologic malignancy. It is found in the spectrum of plasma cell dyscrasias, which begins with monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS) to overt plasma cell leukemia and extramedullary myeloma. MM is associated with significant morbidity due to its end-organ destruction. It is a disease of the older population and its incidence in the African American population is twice that of the European American population. Improvements in the treatment of MM in the past couple of decades, beginning with the use of autologous stem cell transplantation followed by availability of novel treatments such as immunomodulatory drugs (ImIDs) and proteasome inhibitors (PIs) has transformed the natural history of the disease leading to longer survival times. Advancements in the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of MM are of the utmost importance as the general population lives longer due to other improvements in health care. The recent introduction of novel therapies has been paralleled by advancements in the monitoring of MM, namely, by the availability exquisitely sensitive techniques in detecting minimal residual disease. As drug development and technology continues to improve, it will be important to design rationale clinical trials enrolling patient populations that represent the overall population, including racial minorities and the elderly, so that trial results can be appropriately extrapolated. Herein, the changing epidemiology, improvements in survival, and the health disparity observed in important subgroups of MM are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dickran Kazandjian
- Myeloma Program, Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
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