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Peñas MI, Calafel MI, Aguirresarobe RH, Tierno M, Conde JI, Pascual B, Santamaría A. How Is Rheology Involved in 3D Printing of Phase-Separated PVC-Acrylate Copolymers Obtained by Free Radical Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12092070. [PMID: 32932625 PMCID: PMC7569851 DOI: 10.3390/polym12092070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
New auto-plasticised copolymers of poly(vinyl chloride)-r-(acrylate) and polyvinylchloride, obtained by radical polymerization, are investigated to analyse their capacity to be processed by 3D printing. The specific microstructure of the copolymers gives rise to a phase-separated morphology constituted by poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) domains dispersed in a continuous phase of acrylate-vinyl chloride copolymer. The analysis of the rheological results allows the suitability of these copolymers to be assessed for use in a screw-driven 3D printer, but not by the fused filament fabrication method. This is due to the high melt elasticity of the copolymers, caused by interfacial tension between phases. A relationship between the relaxation modulus of the copolymers and the interlayer adhesion is established. Under adequate 3D-printing conditions, flexible and ductile samples with good dimensional stability and cohesion are obtained, as is proven by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and tensile stress-strain tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Iván Peñas
- POLYMAT and Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, UPV/EHU, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (M.I.P.); (R.H.A.)
| | - Miren Itxaso Calafel
- POLYMAT and Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, UPV/EHU, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (M.I.P.); (R.H.A.)
- Correspondence: (M.I.C.); (A.S.)
| | - Roberto Hernández Aguirresarobe
- POLYMAT and Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, UPV/EHU, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (M.I.P.); (R.H.A.)
| | - Manuel Tierno
- ERCROS S.A., Innovation and Technology Department, Chlorine Derivatives Division, Diagonal 595, 08014 Barcelona, Spain; (M.T.); (J.I.C.); (B.P.)
| | - José Ignacio Conde
- ERCROS S.A., Innovation and Technology Department, Chlorine Derivatives Division, Diagonal 595, 08014 Barcelona, Spain; (M.T.); (J.I.C.); (B.P.)
| | - Belén Pascual
- ERCROS S.A., Innovation and Technology Department, Chlorine Derivatives Division, Diagonal 595, 08014 Barcelona, Spain; (M.T.); (J.I.C.); (B.P.)
| | - Antxon Santamaría
- POLYMAT and Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, UPV/EHU, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (M.I.P.); (R.H.A.)
- Correspondence: (M.I.C.); (A.S.)
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Sun B, Chaudhary BI, Shen CY, Mao D, Yuan DM, Dai GC, Li B, Cogen JM. Thermal stability of epoxidized soybean oil and its absorption and migration in poly(vinylchloride). POLYM ENG SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.23417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Shach-Caplan M, Haba Y, Narkis M, Cohen Y, Bianco-Peled H. Small-angle X-ray scattering study of modified porous suspension-poly(vinyl chloride) particles. J Appl Polym Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/app.21086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Haba Y, Narkis M. Development and characterization of reactive extruded PVC/polyacrylate blends. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Sergienko AY, Tai H, Narkis M, Silverstein MS. Polymerized high internal phase emulsions containing a porogen: Specific surface area and sorption. J Appl Polym Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/app.21170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Haba Y, Narkis M. Development and characterization of reactively extruded PVC/polystyrene blends. POLYM ENG SCI 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.20143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Shach-Caplan M, Narkis M, Silverstein MS. Modified suspension-PVC particles as absorbents of ortho-dichlorobenzene from water. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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