1
|
Macromolecular Insights into the Altered Mechanical Deformation Mechanisms of Non-Polyolefin Contaminated Polyolefins. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14020239. [PMID: 35054644 PMCID: PMC8779932 DOI: 10.3390/polym14020239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Current recycling technologies rarely achieve 100% pure plastic fractions from a single polymer type. Often, sorted bales marked as containing a single polymer type in fact contain small amounts of other polymers as contaminants. Inevitably, this will affect the properties of the recycled plastic. This work focuses on understanding the changes in tensile deformation mechanism and the related mechanical properties of the four dominant types of polyolefin (PO) (linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and polypropylene (PP)), contaminated with three different non-polyolefin (NPO) polymers (polyamide-6 (PA-6), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polystyrene (PS)). Under the locally elevated stress state induced by the NPO phase, the weak interfacial adhesion typically provokes decohesion. The resulting microvoids, in turn, initiate shear yielding of the PO matrix. LLDPE, due to the linear structure and intercrystalline links, is well able to maintain high ductility when contaminated. LDPE shows deformation similar to the pure material, but with decreasing ductility as the amount of NPO increases. Addition of 20 wt% PA-6, PET, and PS causes a drop in strain at break of 79%, 63%, and 84%, respectively. The typical ductile necking of the high-crystalline HDPE and PP is strongly disturbed by the NPO phase, with a transition even to full brittle failure at high NPO concentration.
Collapse
|
2
|
Meng N, Zeng J, Bian F, Zhong G, Li Z, Sun Z, Wang J. Internal nanostructure and structure-processing relationship of injection molded poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) studied by SAXS-CT. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
3
|
Chen J, Schneider K, Heinrich G. In-Situ Synchrotron X-ray Study on the Structure Variation of Morphology-Identified Injection-Molded β-Nucleated iPP under Tensile Deformation. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13213730. [PMID: 34771288 PMCID: PMC8587524 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The deformation behavior of semi-crystalline polymers is strongly dependent on the morphology formed during processing. In this study, in-situ synchrotron X-ray was firstly used to identify the morphological distributions of injection-molded isotactic polypropylene (iPP) with different concentrations of β-nucleating agent. It was found that under relatively high concentration of β-nucleating agent (i.e., ≥0.03 wt.%), the outer region (skin and shear region) of the iPP was dominated by mainly highly oriented α-phase as well as certain amount γ-phase, while the core region was rich in β-crystals with little if any orientation. The addition of the β-nucleating agent was beneficial for the formation of lamellae with large lamellar stacking distance in the shear layer. Then the synchrotron X-ray was applied to study the structure variation of those morphology-identified samples under tensile deformation. It was found that voids and cavities along the stretching direction existed in the deformed iPP samples and their volume increased with increasing concentration of β-nucleating agent. The increased volume of void and cavity was associated with the β to α phase transition, which mainly occurred at the core region. In addition, upon stretching crystalline fragmentation and rearrangement took place following the formation of thinner lamellae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Applications, Xiamen University of Technology, Ligong Road 600, Xiamen 361024, China
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany;
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (K.S.)
| | - Konrad Schneider
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany;
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (K.S.)
| | - Gert Heinrich
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany;
- Institut für Textilmaschinen und Textile Hochleistungswerkstofftechnik, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 17, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mejia E, Cherupurakal N, Mourad AHI, Al Hassanieh S, Rabia M. Effect of Processing Techniques on the Microstructure and Mechanical Performance of High-Density Polyethylene. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13193346. [PMID: 34641161 PMCID: PMC8512384 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The versatility of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) makes it one of the most used polymers for vast applications ranging from food packaging to human implants. However, there still is confusion regarding the proper selection of processing techniques to produce HDPE specimens for high-end applications. Herein, we compare the processing of HDPE by two relevant techniques: compression and injection molding. The fabricated samples were studied using uniaxial tensile testing to determine their mechanical performance. Furthermore, the microstructure of samples was analyzed using different characterization techniques. Compression-molded specimens recorded a higher degree of crystallinity (DC) using two different characterization techniques such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). With this information, critical processing factors were determined, and a general structure-property relationship was established. It was demonstrated that having a higher DC resulted in higher yield strength and Young's modulus. Furthermore, premature failure was observed in the injection-molded specimens, resulting in lower mechanical performance. This premature failure was caused due to flow marks observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Therefore, it is concluded that compression molding produces superior samples compared to injection molding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Mejia
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirate University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (E.M.); (N.C.); (S.A.H.)
| | - Nizamudeen Cherupurakal
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirate University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (E.M.); (N.C.); (S.A.H.)
| | - Abdel-Hamid I. Mourad
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirate University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (E.M.); (N.C.); (S.A.H.)
- National Eater and Energy Center, United Arab Emirate University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Mechanical Design Department, Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Sultan Al Hassanieh
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirate University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (E.M.); (N.C.); (S.A.H.)
| | - Mohamed Rabia
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Effects of shear during injection molding on the anisotropic microstructure and properties of EPDM/PP TPV containing rubber nanoparticle agglomerates. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
6
|
Degradation of Styrenic Plastics during Recycling: Accommodation of PP within ABS after WEEE Plastics Imperfect Sorting. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13091439. [PMID: 33947020 PMCID: PMC8124459 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With the development of dark polymers for industrial sorting technologies, economically profitable recycling of plastics from Waste Electrical and Electronical Equipment (WEEE) can be envisaged even in the presence of residual impurities. In ABS extracted from WEEE, PP is expected to be the more detrimental because of its important lack of compatibility. Hence, PP was incorporated to ABS at different rates (2 to 8 wt%) with a twin-screw extruder. PP was shown to exhibit a nodular morphology with an average diameter around 1-2 µm. Tensile properties were importantly diminished beyond 4 wt% but impact resistance was decreased even at 2 wt%. Both properties were strongly reduced as function of the contamination rate. Various potential compatibilizers for the ABS + 4 wt% PP system were evaluated: PPH-g-MA, PPC-g-MA, ABS-g-MA, TPE-g-MA, SEBS and PP-g-SAN. SEBS was found the most promising, leading to diminution of nodule sizes and also acting as an impact modifier. Finally, a Design Of Experiments using the Response Surface Methodology (DOE-RSM) was applied to visualize the impacts and interactions of extrusion temperature and screw speed on impact resistance of compatibilized and uncompatibilized ABS + 4 wt% PP systems. Resilience improvements were obtained for the uncompatibilized system and interactions between extrusion parameters and compatibilizers were noticed.
Collapse
|
7
|
Sun Z, Song Y, Ma G, Gao P, Xie Z, Gao X, Li Y, Xu J, Zhong G, Li Z. Imparting Gradient and Oriented Characters to Cocontinuous Structure for Improving Integrated Performance. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao‐Bo Sun
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
| | - Ying‐Nan Song
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
| | - Guo‐Qi Ma
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
| | - Ping‐Ping Gao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
| | - Ze‐Xiang Xie
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
| | - Xue‐Qin Gao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
| | - Yue Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
| | - Jia‐Zhuang Xu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
| | - Gan‐Ji Zhong
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
| | - Zhong‐Ming Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mahmood N, Kolesov I, Glüge R, Altenbach H, Androsch R, Beiner M. Influence of structure gradients in injection moldings of isotactic polypropylene on their mechanical properties. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
9
|
Hentati F, Hadriche I, Masmoudi N, Bradai C. Experimental design to enhance the surface appearance, the internal structure, and the shear stresses of injected and metallized polycarbonate/acrylonitrile–butadiene‐styrene parts. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Hentati
- Laboratory of Electromechanical Systems (LASEM) University of Sfax, National Engineering School of Sfax Sfax BP 1173 3038 Tunisia
| | - Ismail Hadriche
- Laboratory of Electromechanical Systems (LASEM) University of Sfax, National Engineering School of Sfax Sfax BP 1173 3038 Tunisia
| | - Neila Masmoudi
- Laboratory of Electromechanical Systems (LASEM) University of Sfax, National Engineering School of Sfax Sfax BP 1173 3038 Tunisia
| | - Chedly Bradai
- Laboratory of Electromechanical Systems (LASEM) University of Sfax, National Engineering School of Sfax Sfax BP 1173 3038 Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sullivan A, Saigal A, Zimmerman MA. Practical simulation and experimental measurement of liquid crystal polymer directionality during injection molding. POLYM ENG SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Sullivan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Tufts University; Medford Massachusetts 02155
| | - Anil Saigal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Tufts University; Medford Massachusetts 02155
| | - Michael A. Zimmerman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Tufts University; Medford Massachusetts 02155
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Barbosa CN, Simoes R, Franzen M, Baranowski T, Viana JC. Comprehensive study on the relationships between the processing, the microstructure, and mechanical properties of injection molded polypropylenes. POLYM ENG SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos N. Barbosa
- Institute for Polymers and Composites IPC/I3N; University of Minho; Guimarães 4804-533 Portugal
| | - Ricardo Simoes
- Institute for Polymers and Composites IPC/I3N; University of Minho; Guimarães 4804-533 Portugal
- School of Technology; Polytechnic Institute of Cávado and Ave; Barcelos 4750-810 Portugal
| | - Markus Franzen
- Vehicle Interior Technologies; Ford Research & Innovation Center Aachen; Aachen D-52072 Germany
| | - Thomas Baranowski
- Vehicle Interior Technologies; Ford Research & Innovation Center Aachen; Aachen D-52072 Germany
| | - Julio C. Viana
- Institute for Polymers and Composites IPC/I3N; University of Minho; Guimarães 4804-533 Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Haghnegahdar M, Naderi G, Ghoreishy MHR. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Nanocomposite Based on Polypropylene/Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer/Graphene. INT POLYM PROC 2017. [DOI: 10.3139/217.3286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Polypropylene (PP)/ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM)/ graphene nanosheets (GNs) were compounded by a two-step melt mixing process via an internal mixer (brabender plasticorder). The effect of GNs, graphene oxide (GOSs) and graphene oxide functionalized with PP chains (PP-g-GOSs) on various blend properties were investigated. Wide X-ray diffraction (WAXD) patterns and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of the prepared nanocomposites revealed that the nanofillers were mostly dispersed into the PP phase and the dispersion state of GNs was improved with functionalization of graphene. SEM photomicrographs indicated that rubber droplets were distributed in the PP phase and a reduction of the dispersed EPDM droplet size was observed most likely due to increase in the viscosity of the PP-phase during melt mixing. The effects of nanofillers on thermal, mechanical and rheological properties were reported, and the obtained results were discussed in terms of morphology, state of dispersion and distribution of the nanofillers within the PP matrix. As for the mechanical properties, an improvement of 56% in tensile modulus and 48% in tensile strength, while 72% reduction in elongation at break was observed. The DMTA results revealed that the nanocomposites based on PP-g-GOSs had lower damping behavior and the intensity of the loss factor decreased by increasing the GNs content. These results indicate the presence of a strong interfacial interaction between the nanoplatelets and the polymer matrix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Haghnegahdar
- Department of Polymer Processing , Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran , Iran
| | - G. Naderi
- Department of Polymer Processing , Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran , Iran
| | - M. H. R. Ghoreishy
- Department of Polymer Processing , Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran , Iran
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Xie XL, Sang ZH, Xu JZ, Zhong GJ, Li ZM, Ji X, Wang R, Xu L. Layer structure by shear-induced crystallization and thermal mechanical properties of injection-molded poly(l-lactide) with nucleating agents. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
14
|
Mileva D, Wang J, Gahleitner M, Doshev P, Androsch R. Crystallization behaviour of heterophasic propylene-ethylene copolymer at rapid cooling conditions. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
15
|
Bärwinkel S, Seidel A, Hobeika S, Hufen R, Mörl M, Altstädt V. Morphology Formation in PC/ABS Blends during Thermal Processing and the Effect of the Viscosity Ratio of Blend Partners. MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9080659. [PMID: 28773780 PMCID: PMC5509270 DOI: 10.3390/ma9080659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Morphology formation during compounding, as well as injection molding of blends containing 60 wt % polycarbonate (PC) and 40 wt % polybutadiene rubber-modified styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers (ABS), has been investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Profiles of the blend morphology have been recorded in injection-molded specimens and significant morphology gradients observed between their skin and core. A <10 µm thick surface layer with strongly dispersed and elongated nano-scale (streak-like) styrene acrylonitrile (SAN) phases and well-dispersed, isolated SAN-grafted polybutadiene rubber particles is followed by a 50–150 µm thick skin layer in which polymer morphology is characterized by lamellar SAN/ABS phases. Thickness of these lamellae increases with the distance from the specimen’s surface. In the core of the specimens the SAN-grafted polybutadiene rubber particles are exclusively present within the SAN phases, which exhibit a much coarser and less oriented, dispersed morphology compared to the skin. The effects of the viscosity of the SAN in the PC/ABS blends on phase morphologies and correlations with fracture mechanics in tensile and impact tests were investigated, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) assessment of the fracture surfaces. A model explaining the mechanisms of morphology formation during injection molding of PC/ABS blends is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Bärwinkel
- Graduate School, University of Bayreuth, Universitätstraße 30, Bayreuth 95447, Germany.
| | - Andreas Seidel
- Covestro Deutschland AG, Business Unit Polycarbonates, Research & Development, Development Blends, Leverkusen 51365, Germany.
| | - Sven Hobeika
- Covestro Deutschland AG, Business Unit Polycarbonates, Research & Development, Development Blends, Leverkusen 51365, Germany.
| | - Ralf Hufen
- Covestro Deutschland AG, Business Unit Polycarbonates, Research & Development, Development Blends, Leverkusen 51365, Germany.
| | - Michaela Mörl
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, Bayreuth 95447, Germany.
| | - Volker Altstädt
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, Bayreuth 95447, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
van Drongelen M, Gahleitner M, Spoelstra AB, Govaert LE, Peters GWM. Flow-induced solidification of high-impact polypropylene copolymer compositions: Morphological and mechanical effects. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin van Drongelen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Materials Technology Institute; Eindhoven University of Technology; 5600 MB Eindhoven the Netherlands
| | - Markus Gahleitner
- Borealis Polyolefine GmbH; Innovation Headquarters; St. Peterstr. 25 4021 Linz Austria
| | - Anne B. Spoelstra
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry; Laboratory of Polymer Technology; Eindhoven University of Technology; 5600 MB Eindhoven the Netherlands
| | - Leon E. Govaert
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Materials Technology Institute; Eindhoven University of Technology; 5600 MB Eindhoven the Netherlands
| | - Gerrit W. M. Peters
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Materials Technology Institute; Eindhoven University of Technology; 5600 MB Eindhoven the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Liu X, Miao X, Guo M, Song W, Shao J. Influence of the HDPE molecular weight and content on the morphology and properties of the impact polypropylene copolymer/HDPE blends. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra08517a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The properties of the polyolefins blends depend not only on composition but also on morphology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuanbo Liu
- Research Institute of Material Science
- Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry
- Beijing
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaopei Miao
- Research Institute of Material Science
- Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry
- Beijing
- People's Republic of China
| | - Meifang Guo
- Research Institute of Material Science
- Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry
- Beijing
- People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Song
- Research Institute of Material Science
- Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry
- Beijing
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jingbo Shao
- Research Institute of Material Science
- Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry
- Beijing
- People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang B, Huang HX, Wang ZY. Process-induced phase and crystal morphologies in water-assisted injection molded polypropylene/polymeric β-nucleating agent blend parts. POLYM ENG SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Lab for Micro Molding and Polymer Rheology; Department of Industrial Equipment and Control Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
| | - Han-Xiong Huang
- Lab for Micro Molding and Polymer Rheology; Department of Industrial Equipment and Control Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Yong Wang
- Lab for Micro Molding and Polymer Rheology; Department of Industrial Equipment and Control Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Xu H, Liu CY, Chen C, Hsiao BS, Zhong GJ, Li ZM. Easy alignment and effective nucleation activity of ramie fibers in injection-molded poly(lactic acid) biocomposites. Biopolymers 2012; 97:825-39. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.22079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
20
|
Wang L, Ling XL, Shi C, Guo ZX, Yu J. Effects of calcium carbonate and compounding sequence on the phase morphology and properties of maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene compatibilized polyamide 6/polypropylene blend. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.37535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
21
|
The morphology and property of HDPE in the presence of oscillation pressure and poly(ethylene terephthalate). J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.34499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
22
|
Yang B, Fu X, Yang W, Sun N, Hu S, Lu Y, Yang MB. Prediction of Heat Conduction with Phase-change Effects during Cooling Stage of Injection Molding of High-density Polyethylene: Approximate Integral Approach. J MACROMOL SCI B 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00222341003600780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- a College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaorong Fu
- b College of Chemical Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Yang
- a College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
| | - Nan Sun
- a College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
| | - Sheng Hu
- a College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Lu
- a College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
| | - Ming-Bo Yang
- a College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kalkar AK, Deshpande VD, Kulkarni MJ. Nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of poly (phenylene sulphide) in composites with a liquid crystalline polymer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.21997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
24
|
BEHP-PPV and P3HT blends for light emitting devices. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2008.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
25
|
dos Reis Bombardi A, Laureto E, Duarte JL, da Silva MAT, Dias IFL, Patrício PSO, Silva GG, Cury LA. Self‐organized MEH‐PPV domains in a TPU matrix and the consequences to the luminescence spectra. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.28491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
26
|
Hammer S, Tchoudakov R, Mechrez G, Cohen Y, Narkis M. Modification of porous PVC particles with PS and P(St-co
-MMA) using a surfactant-free aqueous dispersion polymerization technique. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.1109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
27
|
O-Charoen N, Leong Y, Hamada H. Determination of different morphological structures in PC/ABS open spiral injection moldings. POLYM ENG SCI 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.21006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
28
|
Li B, Gong G, Xie BH, Yang W, Yang MB. Influence of molecular weight on impact fracture behavior of injection molded high density polyethylene: Scanning electron micrograph observations. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.28143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
29
|
Zhang RC, Xu Y, Lu Z, Min M, Gao Y, Huang Y, Lu A. Investigation on the crystallization behavior of poly(ether ether ketone)/poly(phenylene sulfide) blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.27725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
30
|
Effects of the blending sequence and interfacial agent on the morphology and mechanical properties of injection molded PC/PP Blends. Polym Bull (Berl) 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-007-0757-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
31
|
Hirano K, Tamura S, Kanai T. Striped-pattern deterioration and morphological analysis of injection moldings comprising polypropylene/ethylene α-olefin rubber blends. I. Influence of ultraviolet irradiation. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.26332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
32
|
Zhang R, Huang Y, Min M, Gao Y, Lu A, Lu Z. Nonisothermal crystallization of polyamide 66/poly(phenylene sulfide) blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.27202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|