1
|
Biagi F, Giubilini A, Veronesi P, Nigro G, Messori M. Valorization of Winery By-Products as Bio-Fillers for Biopolymer-Based Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1344. [PMID: 38794538 PMCID: PMC11125358 DOI: 10.3390/polym16101344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Grape seeds (GS), wine lees (WL), and grape pomace (GP) are common winery by-products, used as bio-fillers in this research with two distinct biopolymer matrices-poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) and polybutylene succinate (PBS)-to create fully bio-based composite materials. Each composite included at least 30 v% bio-filler, with a sample reaching 40 v%, as we sought to determine a composition that could be economically and environmentally effective as a substitute for a pure biopolymer matrix. The compounding process employed a twin-screw extruder followed by an injection molding procedure to fabricate the specimens. An acetylation treatment assessed the specimen's efficacy in enhancing matrix-bio-filler affinity, particularly for WL and GS. The fabricated bio-composites underwent an accurate characterization, revealing no alteration in thermal properties after compounding with bio-fillers. Moreover, hygroscopic measurements indicated increased water-affinity in bio-composites compared to neat biopolymer, most significantly with GP, which exhibited a 7-fold increase. Both tensile and dynamic mechanical tests demonstrated that bio-fillers not only preserved, but significantly enhanced, the stiffness of the neat biopolymer across all samples. In this regard, the most promising results were achieved with the PBAT and acetylated GS sample, showing a 162% relative increase in Young's modulus, and the PBS and WL sample, which exhibited the highest absolute values of Young's modulus and storage modulus, even at high temperatures. These findings underscore the scientific importance of exploring the interaction between bio-fillers derived from winery by-products and three different biopolymer matrices, showcasing their potential for sustainable material development, and advancing polymer science and bio-sourced material processing. From a practical standpoint, the study highlighted the tangible benefits of using by-product bio-fillers, including cost savings, waste reduction, and environmental advantages, thus paving the way for greener and more economically viable material production practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Biagi
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering (DICAM), University of Bologna, Via Zamboni 33, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Alberto Giubilini
- Department of Management and Production Engineering (DIGEP), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Paolo Veronesi
- Department of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari” (DIEF), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Pietro Vivarelli 10, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Nigro
- Ri.Nova—Filiera Vitivinicola ed Olivo-Oleicola, Via Tebano 45, 48018 Faenza, Italy;
| | - Massimo Messori
- Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
He X, Zhang F, Li C, Ding W, Jin Y, Tang L, Huang R. Effect of Starch Plasticization on Morphological, Mechanical, Crystalline, Thermal, and Optical Behavior of Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)/Thermoplastic Starch Composite Films. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:326. [PMID: 38337215 DOI: 10.3390/polym16030326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Starches plasticized with glycerol/citric acid/stearic acid and tributyl 2-acetylcitrate (ATBC), respectively, were processed with poly (butylene adipate-Co-terephthalate (PBAT) via extrusion and a film-blown process. All the composite films were determined for morphology, mechanical, thermal stability, crystalline, and optical properties. Results show that the most improved morphology was in the 30% glycerol plasticized PBAT/thermoplastic starch (TPS) composite films, characterized by the smallest and narrowest distribution of TPS particle sizes and a more uniform dispersion of TPS particles. However, the water absorption of PBAT/TPS composite films plasticized with glycerol surpassed that observed with ATBC as a plasticizer. Mechanical properties indicated insufficient plasticization of the starch crystal structure when using 10% ATBC, 20% ATBC, and 20% glycerol as plasticizers, leading to poor compatibility between PBAT and TPS. This resulted in stress concentration points under external forces, adversely affecting the mechanical properties of the composites. All PBAT/TPS composite films exhibited a negative impact on the initial thermal decomposition temperature compared to PBAT. Additionally, the haze value of PBAT/TPS composite films exceeded 96%, while pure PBAT had a haze value of 47.42%. Films plasticized with 10% ATBC, 20% ATBC, and 20% glycerol displayed lower transmittance values in the visible light region. The increased transmittance of films plasticized with 30% glycerol further demonstrated their superior plasticizing effect compared to other PBAT/TPS composite films. This study provides a simple and feasible method for preparing low-cost PBAT composites, and their extensions are expected to further replace general-purpose plastics in daily applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan He
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Taizhou Institute of Zhejiang University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Fuhong Zhang
- Sanmen Megatron Tech. Co., Ltd., Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Congcong Li
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedical Engineering, Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Yiwu 322000, China
| | - Weiwei Ding
- Sanmen Megatron Tech. Co., Ltd., Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Yuanyuan Jin
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Taizhou Institute of Zhejiang University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Lisheng Tang
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Taizhou Institute of Zhejiang University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Ran Huang
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Taizhou Institute of Zhejiang University, Taizhou 318000, China
- Academy for Engineering and Applied Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bagheri O, Esmkhani M, Javanshir S, Aghabarari B. Preparation of agar functionalized graphene oxide-immobilized copper ferrite aerogel for dye degradation via dark-Fenton oxidative process. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127432. [PMID: 37838123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Dye and textile industries are one of the main causes of water pollution and put the environment and health of society at risk. Developing new materials to decontaminate industrial waste effluents containing dyes as pollutants is challenging due to numerous issues, including tailoring recyclable and biodegradable agents. This study focuses on applying an advanced oxidation process, electro-Fenton for the treatment of dye-containing wastewater using agar-functionalized graphene oxide-immobilized copper ferrite aerogel. The objective is therefore to determine the optimal conditions for the degradation of model pollutants methylene blue (MB). MB was oxidized and degraded through the dark-Fenton process using Agar@GO-CuFe2O4 as a new biobased catalyst. The effect of the operating parameters was then evaluated to determine the optimal conditions. The degradation process was screened for different initial concentrations of dye solution between 10 and 150 mg/l, a volume range of H2O2 between 0.5 and 2.5 ml, and different pH from 2 to 7. The results show that 99.89 % of the MB with the initial concentration of 150 ppm was degraded by 20 mg of the catalyst and 2 ml of H2O2 (30 % W/W) at 40 °C and pH = 6. Pseudo-second-order kinetics satisfactorily describes the experimental data. SYNOPSIS: The prepared catalyst can be applied to oxidize industrial effluents before they are released into the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omran Bagheri
- Pharmaceutical and Heterocyclic Compounds Research Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Esmkhani
- Pharmaceutical and Heterocyclic Compounds Research Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrzad Javanshir
- Pharmaceutical and Heterocyclic Compounds Research Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Behzad Aghabarari
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Department, Materials and Energy Research Center, Karaj 31787-316, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ye S, Zhang Y, Chen J, Chen F, Weng H, Xiao Q, Xiao A. Synthesis and properties of maleic anhydride-modified agar with reversibly controlled gel strength. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 201:364-377. [PMID: 34998880 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Agar is modified by chemical methods to improve its functional properties and meet the increasing demand of the market. Some of the functional properties of agar are improved after chemical modification, while other properties are reduced, especially gel strength. This study aimed to comprehensively improve the functional properties of agar through acylation and crosslinking by reacting with maleic anhydride. 13C NMR indicated the maleylation reaction was preferred at the C2 hydroxyl group of D-galactose, and the crosslinking reactions occurred at the C2 and C6 hydroxyl groups of D-galactose in different agar chains. Interestingly, the maleylated agar monoester had higher gel transparency (1.5%, w/v) of up to 76% than the native agar (58%). However, it showed a significant decrease in gel strength from 783 g/cm2 to 403 g/cm2, while crosslinking endowed agar with higher gel strength (845 g/cm2) and gel transparency (78.4%). The high transparency of the modified agar plate made colony observation and colony counting easy. Maleylation of agar further enhanced the freeze-thaw stability of agar gel (24.8%, 7th freeze-thaw cycles). Overall, the maleylated agar possessed superior functional properties, and it could be used as food, bacteriological, and biotechnological agar.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siying Ye
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, PR China; National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, PR China; National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jun Chen
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, PR China; National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Fuquan Chen
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, PR China; National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Huifen Weng
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, PR China; National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Qiong Xiao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, PR China; National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Anfeng Xiao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, PR China; National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Botta L, Titone V, Mistretta MC, La Mantia FP, Modica A, Bruno M, Sottile F, Lopresti F. PBAT Based Composites Reinforced with Microcrystalline Cellulose Obtained from Softwood Almond Shells. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13162643. [PMID: 34451182 PMCID: PMC8399121 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explores the processability, mechanical, and thermal properties of biocompostable composites based on poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) as polymer matrix and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) derived from softwood almond (Prunus dulcis) shells (as-MCC) as filler at two different weight concentration, i.e., 10 wt% and 20 wt%. The materials were processed by melt mixing and a commercial MCC (c-MCC) was used as filler comparison. The fibrillar shape of as-MCC particles was found to change the rheological behavior of PBAT, particularly at the highest concentration. The melt mixing processing allowed obtaining a uniform dispersion of both kinds of fillers, slightly reducing the L/D ratio of as-MCC fibers. The as-MCC particles led to a higher increase of the elastic modulus of PBAT if compared to the c-MCC counterparts. Both the MCC fillers caused a drastic reduction of the elongation at break, although it was higher than 120% also at the highest filler concentrations. DSC analysis revealed that both MCC fillers poorly affected the matrix crystallinity, although as-MCC induced a slight PBAT crystallinity increase from 8.8% up to 10.9% for PBAT/as-MCC 20%. Therefore, this work demonstrates the great potential of MCC particles derived from almond shells as filler for biocompostable composites fabrication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Botta
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, RU INSTM, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (V.T.); (M.C.M.); (F.P.L.M.); (F.L.)
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca “Riutilizzo Bio-Based Degli Scarti da Matrici Agroalimentari” (RIVIVE), Università degli Sudi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (M.B.); (F.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Vincenzo Titone
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, RU INSTM, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (V.T.); (M.C.M.); (F.P.L.M.); (F.L.)
| | - Maria Chiara Mistretta
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, RU INSTM, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (V.T.); (M.C.M.); (F.P.L.M.); (F.L.)
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca “Riutilizzo Bio-Based Degli Scarti da Matrici Agroalimentari” (RIVIVE), Università degli Sudi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (M.B.); (F.S.)
| | - Francesco Paolo La Mantia
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, RU INSTM, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (V.T.); (M.C.M.); (F.P.L.M.); (F.L.)
| | - Aurora Modica
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Bruno
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca “Riutilizzo Bio-Based Degli Scarti da Matrici Agroalimentari” (RIVIVE), Università degli Sudi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (M.B.); (F.S.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Francesco Sottile
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca “Riutilizzo Bio-Based Degli Scarti da Matrici Agroalimentari” (RIVIVE), Università degli Sudi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (M.B.); (F.S.)
- Dipartimento di Architettura, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Lopresti
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, RU INSTM, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (V.T.); (M.C.M.); (F.P.L.M.); (F.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Robust multiphase and multilayer starch/polymer (TPS/PBAT) film with simultaneous oxygen/moisture barrier properties. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 593:290-303. [PMID: 33744538 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The demands for bioplastics that provide good barrier properties against moisture and oxygen while simultaneously displaying good physical properties without compromising their biodegradability is ever-increasing. In this work, a multiphase and multilayer film assembly composed of thermoplastic starch (TPS) and its maleated counterpart (MTPS) with poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) was constructed as a suitable barrier film with excellent mechanical properties. The bioplastic film assemblies were fabricated through reactive extrusion, compression molding, and dip-coating process. The incorporation of PBAT co-blend with TPS in the core layer enhanced the multilayer film's interfacial bond. The MTPS/PBAT film assembly provided 86.8% and 74.3% improvement in moisture barrier and oxygen barrier as compared to the baseline TPS and PBAT films, respectively. Overall, the multiphase and multilayer film assembly displayed good mechanical properties in conjuncture with excellent barrier properties indicating their potential as a biodegradable and cost effective alternative to conventional plastics used in the packaging industry.
Collapse
|
7
|
Balaji S, Venkatesan R, Mugeeth L, Dhamodharan R. Hydrophobic nanocomposites of
PBAT
with
Cl‐
fn
‐POSS
nanofiller as compostable food packaging films. POLYM ENG SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sadhasivam Balaji
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai Tamil Nadu India
| | - Raja Venkatesan
- College of Engineering Guindy Anna University Chennai Tamil Nadu India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xuzhen Zhang, Lu C, Zhou C, Wen X, Li Y. Squeeze Orientation Reinforcement Effect on Cellulose Nanocrystals/Poly(butylene adipate-co-butylene terephthalate) Composites. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x2033007x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
9
|
Campa-Siqueiros PI, Vargas-Arispuro I, Quintana-Owen P, Freile-Pelegrín Y, Azamar-Barrios JA, Madera-Santana TJ. Physicochemical and transport properties of biodegradable agar films impregnated with natural semiochemical based-on hydroalcoholic garlic extract. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 151:27-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
10
|
Zhou X, Wu T. Synthesis, characterization of phosphorus-containing copolyester and its application as flame retardants for poly(butylene succinate) (PBS). CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 235:163-168. [PMID: 31255756 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Two novel phosphorus-containing copolyesters were synthesized by direct polycondensation reaction of phenyl dichlorophosphate, 1,4-succinic acid and 1,4-butanediol using stannous chloride (SnCl2) and 4-Methylbenzenesulfonic acid as catalyst, and its chemical structures were identified by 1H and 31P nuclear magnetic resonances (1H and 31P NMR). The resulting phosphorus-containing poly(butylene succinate) (PPBS) was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), polarized optical microscope (POM), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). PPBS can be as a flame retardant for commercial poly(butylene succinate) (PBS). A series of flame retardant composite materials were produced by melt-blending of PBS and PPBS. The comprehensive flame retardant property of composite materials was evaluated by limited oxygen index (LOI). While 20 wt % of PPBS was added into PBS resin, good flame retardant properties could be obtained. Composite materials can have much better flame retardancy (LOI = 30) than neat PBS resin. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the weight loss of PBS was decreased by the introduction of PPBS. In addition, possible flame retardancy mechanism of PPBS in composite materials was analyzed by SEM photos of char residue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Zhou
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Tonghao Wu
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
de Araújo Segura TC, Pereira ED, Icart LP, Fernandes E, Esperandio de Oliveira G, Gomes de Souza F. Hyperthermic Agent Prepared by One-Pot Modification of Maghemite Using an Aliphatic Polyester Model. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090418060106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
12
|
Beber VC, de Barros S, Banea MD, Brede M, de Carvalho LH, Hoffmann R, Costa ARM, Bezerra EB, Silva IDS, Haag K, Koschek K, Wellen RMR. Effect of Babassu Natural Filler on PBAT/PHB Biodegradable Blends: An Investigation of Thermal, Mechanical, and Morphological Behavior. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E820. [PMID: 29772733 PMCID: PMC5978197 DOI: 10.3390/ma11050820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Blending of biodegradable polymers in combination with low-price organic fillers has proven to be a suitable approach to produce cost-effective composites in order to address pollution issues and develop products with superior mechanical properties. In the present research work PBAT/PHB/Babassu composites with 25, 50, and 75% of each polymer and 20% of Babassu were produced by melting extrusion. Their thermal, mechanical, and morphological behavior was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), tensile testing, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Blending PBAT with PHB inhibited the crystallization of both polymers whereas adding Babassu did not significantly change their melting behaviour. Incorporation of Babassu reduced the tensile strength of its respective blends between 4.8 and 32.3%, and elongation at break between 26.0 and 66.3%. PBAT as highly ductile and low crystalline polymer may be seen as a crystallization tool control for PHB as well as a plasticizer to PBAT/PHB blends and PBAT/PHB/Babassu composites. As PBAT content increases: (i) elongation at break increases and (ii) surface fracture becomes more refined indicating the presence of more energy dissipation mechanisms. As PBAT/PHB/Babassu composites are biodegradable, environmental friendly, and cost effective, products based on these compounds have a great potential since their mechanical properties such as ductility, stiffness, and tensile strength are still suitable for several applications even at lower temperatures (-40 °C).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius C Beber
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Fertigungstechnik und Angewandte Materialforschung (IFAM), Wiener Straße 12, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
- Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Badgasteiner Straße 12, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Silvio de Barros
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Av. Maracanã 229, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20271-110, Brazil.
| | - Mariana D Banea
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Av. Maracanã 229, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20271-110, Brazil.
| | - Markus Brede
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Fertigungstechnik und Angewandte Materialforschung (IFAM), Wiener Straße 12, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Laura H de Carvalho
- Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, R. Aprígio Veloso 882, Campina Grande, PB 58249-140, Brazil.
| | - Ron Hoffmann
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Fertigungstechnik und Angewandte Materialforschung (IFAM), Wiener Straße 12, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Anna Raffaela M Costa
- Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, R. Aprígio Veloso 882, Campina Grande, PB 58249-140, Brazil.
| | - Elieber B Bezerra
- Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, R. Aprígio Veloso 882, Campina Grande, PB 58249-140, Brazil.
| | - Ingridy D S Silva
- Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Paraíba, Cidade Universitária s/n, João Pessoa, PB 58051-085, Brazil.
| | - Katharina Haag
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Fertigungstechnik und Angewandte Materialforschung (IFAM), Wiener Straße 12, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Katharina Koschek
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Fertigungstechnik und Angewandte Materialforschung (IFAM), Wiener Straße 12, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Renate M R Wellen
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Fertigungstechnik und Angewandte Materialforschung (IFAM), Wiener Straße 12, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
- Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, R. Aprígio Veloso 882, Campina Grande, PB 58249-140, Brazil.
- Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Paraíba, Cidade Universitária s/n, João Pessoa, PB 58051-085, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Di Lorenzo ML, Androsch R, Righetti MC. Low-temperature crystallization of poly(butylene succinate). Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
14
|
Liu W, Liu T, Liu H, Xin J, Zhang J, Muhidinov ZK, Liu L. Properties of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) and sunflower head residue biocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wangcheng Liu
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Composite Materials and Engineering Center; Washington State University; Pullman Washington 99164
| | - Tian Liu
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Composite Materials and Engineering Center; Washington State University; Pullman Washington 99164
| | - Hang Liu
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Composite Materials and Engineering Center; Washington State University; Pullman Washington 99164
- Department of Apparel, Merchandizing, Design and Textiles; Washington State University; Pullman Washington 99164
| | - Junna Xin
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Composite Materials and Engineering Center; Washington State University; Pullman Washington 99164
| | - Jinwen Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Composite Materials and Engineering Center; Washington State University; Pullman Washington 99164
| | | | - Linshu Liu
- U.S. Department of Agriculture; Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service; Wyndmoor Pennsylvania 19038
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang X, Ma P, Zhang Y. Structure and properties of surface-acetylated cellulose nanocrystal/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) composites. Polym Bull (Berl) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-015-1594-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
16
|
Díez-Pascual AM, Díez-Vicente AL. Antimicrobial and sustainable food packaging based on poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) and electrospun chitosan nanofibers. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra14359d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PBAT/CS-NF bionanocomposites show an optimal combination of flexibility, strength, barrier, migration, and antibacterial properties, therefore are suitable for food packaging applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. Díez-Pascual
- Analytical Chemistry
- Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Department
- Faculty of Biology
- Environmental Sciences and Chemistry
- Alcalá University
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ferreira LP, Moreira AN, Pinto JC, de Souza FG. Synthesis of poly(butylene succinate) using metal catalysts. POLYM ENG SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Letícia P. Ferreira
- Laboratório de Biopolímeros e Sensores, Instituto de Macromoléculas Professora Eloísa Mano-IMA/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro-UFRJ; Cidade Universitária; Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro 21941-972 Brazil
| | - Andrei N. Moreira
- Laboratório de Biopolímeros e Sensores, Instituto de Macromoléculas Professora Eloísa Mano-IMA/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro-UFRJ; Cidade Universitária; Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro 21941-972 Brazil
| | - José Carlos Pinto
- Programa de Engenharia Química-COPPE/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro-UFRJ; Cidade Universitária; Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro 21941-972 Brazil
| | - Fernando G. de Souza
- Laboratório de Biopolímeros e Sensores, Instituto de Macromoléculas Professora Eloísa Mano-IMA/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro-UFRJ; Cidade Universitária; Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro 21941-972 Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Madera-Santana T, Freile-Pelegrín Y, Azamar-Barrios J. Physicochemical and morphological properties of plasticized poly(vinyl alcohol)–agar biodegradable films. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 69:176-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
19
|
Synthesis, properties and applications of biodegradable polymers derived from diols and dicarboxylic acids: from polyesters to poly(ester amide)s. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:7064-123. [PMID: 24776758 PMCID: PMC4057662 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15057064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(alkylene dicarboxylate)s constitute a family of biodegradable polymers with increasing interest for both commodity and speciality applications. Most of these polymers can be prepared from biobased diols and dicarboxylic acids such as 1,4-butanediol, succinic acid and carbohydrates. This review provides a current status report concerning synthesis, biodegradation and applications of a series of polymers that cover a wide range of properties, namely, materials from elastomeric to rigid characteristics that are suitable for applications such as hydrogels, soft tissue engineering, drug delivery systems and liquid crystals. Finally, the incorporation of aromatic units and α-amino acids is considered since stiffness of molecular chains and intermolecular interactions can be drastically changed. In fact, poly(ester amide)s derived from naturally occurring amino acids offer great possibilities as biodegradable materials for biomedical applications which are also extensively discussed.
Collapse
|
20
|
Mukherjee T, Czaka M, Kao N, Gupta RK, Choi HJ, Bhattacharya S. Dispersion study of nanofibrillated cellulose based poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) composites. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 102:537-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
21
|
Viscoelastic, Spectroscopic, and Microscopic Characterization of Novel Bio-Based Plasticized Poly(vinyl chloride) Compound. INT J POLYM SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/846189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is one of the most widely consumed commodity plastics. Nevertheless, the commonly used plasticizers, particularly phthalates, are found to be detrimental to the environment and human health. This study aimed to investigate the ability of an alternative greener material, medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates (mcl-PHA), a kind of biopolyester and its thermally degraded oligoesters, to act as a compatible bioplasticizer for PVC. In this study, mcl-PHA were synthesized byPseudomonas putidaPGA1 in shake flask fermentation using saponified palm kernel oil (SPKO) and subsequently moderately thermodegraded to low molecular weight oligoesters (degPHA). SEM, ATR-FTIR,1H-NMR, and DMA were conducted to study the film morphology, microstructure, miscibility, and viscoelastic properties of the PVC-PHA and PVC/degPHA binary blends. Increased height and sharpness of tanδmaxpeak for all binary blends reveal an increase in chain mobility in the PVC matrix and high miscibility within the system. The PVC-PHA miscibility is possibly due to the presence of specific interactions between chlorines of PVC with the C=O group of PHA as evidenced by spectroscopic analyses. Dynamic viscoelastic measurements also showed that mcl-PHA and their oligoesters could reduce theTgof PVC, imparting elasticity to the PVC compounds and decreasing the stiffness of PVC.
Collapse
|
22
|
Diaz-Bleis D, Vales-Pinzón C, Freile-Pelegrín Y, Alvarado-Gil JJ. Thermal characterization of magnetically aligned carbonyl iron/agar composites. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 99:84-90. [PMID: 24274482 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Revised: 07/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Composites of magnetic particles into polymeric matrices have received increasing research interest due to their capacity to respond to external magnetic or electromagnetic fields. In this study, agar from Gelidium robustum has been chosen as natural biocompatible polymer to build the matrix of the magnetic carbonyl iron particles (CIP) for their uses in biomedical fields. Heat transfer behavior of the CIP-agar composites containing different concentrations (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% w/w) of magnetically aligned and non-aligned CIP in the agar matrix was studied using photothermal radiometry (PTR) in the back-propagation emission configuration. The morphology of the CIP-agar composites with aligned and non-aligned CIP under magnetic field was also evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results revealed a dominant effect of CIP concentration over the alignment patterns induced by the magnetic field, which agrees with the behavior of the thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity. Agar served as a perfect matrix to be used with CIP, and CIP-agar composites magnetically aligned at 20% CIP concentration can be considered as promising 'smart' material for hyperthermia treatments in the biomedical field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Diaz-Bleis
- Marine Resources Department, CINVESTAV-Mérida, Antigua Carretera a Progreso Km. 6, A.P. 97310 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Enhancement of mechanical and thermal properties of oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber poly(butylene adipate-co-terephtalate) biocomposites by matrix esterification using succinic anhydride. Molecules 2012; 17:1969-91. [PMID: 22343368 PMCID: PMC6268389 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17021969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) fiber was used as a source of lignocellulosic filler to fabricate a novel type of cost effective biodegradable composite, based on the aliphatic aromatic co-polyester poly(butylene adipate-co-terephtalate) PBAT (Ecoflex™), as a fully biodegradable thermoplastic polymer matrix. The aim of this research was to improve the new biocomposites' performance by chemical modification using succinic anhydride (SAH) as a coupling agent in the presence and absence of dicumyl peroxide (DCP) and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as initiators. For the composite preparation, several blends were prepared with varying ratios of filler and matrix using the melt blending technique. The composites were prepared at various fiber contents of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 (wt %) and characterized. The effects of fiber loading and coupling agent loading on the thermal properties of biodegradable polymer composites were evaluated using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used for morphological studies. The chemical structure of the new biocomposites was also analyzed using the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy technique. The PBAT biocomposite reinforced with 40 (wt %) of EFB fiber showed the best mechanical properties compared to the other PBAT/EFB fiber biocomposites. Biocomposite treatment with 4 (wt %) succinic anhydride (SAH) and 1 (wt %) dicumyl peroxide (DCP) improved both tensile and flexural strength as well as tensile and flexural modulus. The FTIR analyses proved the mechanical test results by presenting the evidence of successful esterification using SAH/DCP in the biocomposites' spectra. The SEM micrograph of the tensile fractured surfaces showed the improvement of fiber-matrix adhesion after using SAH. The TGA results showed that chemical modification using SAH/DCP improved the thermal stability of the PBAT/EFB biocomposite.
Collapse
|
24
|
Effect of fiber esterification on fundamental properties of oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) biocomposites. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:1327-1346. [PMID: 22408394 PMCID: PMC3291963 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13021327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Revised: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A new class of biocomposites based on oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), which is a biodegradable aliphatic aromatic co-polyester, were prepared using melt blending technique. The composites were prepared at various fiber contents of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 wt% and characterized. Chemical treatment of oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) fiber was successfully done by grafting succinic anhydride (SAH) onto the EFB fiber surface, and the modified fibers were obtained in two levels of grafting (low and high weight percentage gain, WPG) after 5 and 6 h of grafting. The FTIR characterization showed evidence of successful fiber esterification. The results showed that 40 wt% of fiber loading improved the tensile properties of the biocomposite. The effects of EFB fiber chemical treatments and various organic initiators content on mechanical and thermal properties and water absorption of PBAT/EFB 60/40 wt% biocomposites were also examined. The SAH-g-EFB fiber at low WPG in presence of 1 wt% of dicumyl peroxide (DCP) initiator was found to significantly enhance the tensile and flexural properties as well as water resistance of biocomposite (up to 24%) compared with those of untreated fiber reinforced composites. The thermal behavior of the composites was evaluated from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)/differential thermogravimetric (DTG) thermograms. It was observed that, the chemical treatment has marginally improved the biocomposites’ thermal stability in presence of 1 wt% of dicumyl peroxide at the low WPG level of grafting. The improved fiber-matrix surface enhancement in the chemically treated biocomposite was confirmed by SEM analysis of the tensile fractured specimens.
Collapse
|
25
|
Wu CS. Characterization of cellulose acetate-reinforced aliphatic–aromatic copolyester composites. Carbohydr Polym 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
26
|
Madera-Santana TJ, Robledo D, Freile-Pelegrín Y. Physicochemical properties of biodegradable polyvinyl alcohol-agar films from the red algae Hydropuntia cornea. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2011; 13:793-800. [PMID: 21207092 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-010-9341-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Agar obtained from the red alga Hydropuntia cornea was blended with polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) in order to produce biodegradable films. In this study, we compare the properties of biopolymeric films formulated with agars extracted from H. cornea collected at different seasons (rainy and dry) in the Gulf of Mexico coast and PVOH as synthetic matrix. The films were prepared at different agar contents (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) and their optical, mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties analyzed. The tensile strength of PVOH-agar films increased when agar content was augmented. The formulation with 50% agar from rainy season (RS) had a significant higher tensile strength when compared to those from dry season (DS; p < 0.05). Tensile modulus also displayed an increasing trend and likewise, for 50% and 75% agar blends from RS showed higher values than those from DS (p < 0.05). In contrast, elongation at break decreased as the agar content increased, independently of the season. Environmental scanning electron microscopy images of PVOH-agar 75% biofilms from RS showed a homogeneous structure with good interfacial adhesion between the two components. The changes evidenced in the FTIR spectrum of this blend suggest that hydrogen bonding is taking place between the agar ether linkages (C-O-C) and the hydroxyl groups (OH) of the PVOH. Based on the above mentioned results, blends of PVOH and 75% agar from H. cornea collected in rainy season showed good properties for applications in the biodegradable packaging industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomás J Madera-Santana
- Department of Marine Resources, Cinvestav, Km 6 Carretera Antigua a Progreso, Cordemex, 97310, A.P. 73, Mérida, Yuc, Mexico
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chen D, Li J, Ren J. Combustion properties and transference behavior of ultrafine microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate in ramie fabric-reinforced poly(L
-lactic acid) biocomposites. POLYM INT 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.2986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|