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Oschatz S, Schultz S, Fiedler N, Senz V, Schmitz KP, Grabow N, Koper D. Melt blending of poly(lactic acid) with biomedically relevant polyurethanes to improve mechanical performance. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26268. [PMID: 38444474 PMCID: PMC10912236 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Minimally invasive surgery procedures are of utmost relevance in clinical practice. However, the associated mechanical stress on the material poses a challenge for new implant developments. In particular PLLA, one of the most widely used polymeric biomaterials, is limited in its application due to its high brittleness and low elasticity. In this context, blending is a conventional method of improving the performance of polymer materials. However, in implant applications and development, material selection is usually limited to the use of medical grade polymers. The focus of this work was to investigate the extent to which blending poly-l-lactide (PLLA) with low contents of a selection of five commercially available medical grade polyurethanes leads to enhanced material properties. The materials obtained by melt blending were characterized in terms of their morphology and thermal properties, and the mechanical performance of the blends was evaluated taking into account physiological conditions. From these data, we found that mixing PLLA with Pellethane 80A is a promising approach to improve the material's performance, particularly for stent applications. It was found that PLLA/Pellethane blend with 10% polyurethane exhibits considerable plastic deformation before fracture, while pure PLLA fractures with almost no deformation. Furthermore, the addition of Pellethane only leads to a moderate reduction in elongation at yield and yield stress. In addition, dynamic mechanical analysis for three different PLLA/Pellethane ratios was performed to investigate thermally induced shape retention and shape recovery of the blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Oschatz
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Rostock University Medical Center, Friedrich-Barnewitz-Straße 4, 18119, Rostock, Germany
| | - Selina Schultz
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Rostock University Medical Center, Friedrich-Barnewitz-Straße 4, 18119, Rostock, Germany
| | - Nicklas Fiedler
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Rostock University Medical Center, Friedrich-Barnewitz-Straße 4, 18119, Rostock, Germany
| | - Volkmar Senz
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Rostock University Medical Center, Friedrich-Barnewitz-Straße 4, 18119, Rostock, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Schmitz
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Rostock University Medical Center, Friedrich-Barnewitz-Straße 4, 18119, Rostock, Germany
- Institute for ImplantTechnology and Biomaterials e.V., Friedrich-Barnewitz-Straße 4, 18119, Rostock, Warnemünde, Germany
| | - Niels Grabow
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Rostock University Medical Center, Friedrich-Barnewitz-Straße 4, 18119, Rostock, Germany
- Department Life, Light & Matter (LLM), University of Rostock, 18051, Rostock, Germany
| | - Daniela Koper
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Rostock University Medical Center, Friedrich-Barnewitz-Straße 4, 18119, Rostock, Germany
- Institute for ImplantTechnology and Biomaterials e.V., Friedrich-Barnewitz-Straße 4, 18119, Rostock, Warnemünde, Germany
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2
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Chen Y, Song X, Wang Y, Huang Y, Wang Y, Zhu C. The effect of Pluronic P123 on shape memory of cross-linked polyurethane/poly(l-lactide) biocomposite. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:128788. [PMID: 38154706 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Polyurethane (PU) and poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) have attracted increasing attention in the development of shape memory polymers (SMPs) due to their good biocompatibility and degradability. Although Pluronic P123 can be used to tune polymeric surface hydrophilicity, its effect on SM performance is a mystery. In this study, a soluble cross-linked PU is synthesized as the switching phase and combined with PLLA and P123 to construct a hydrothermally responsive SM composite. The water contact angle of PU/PLLA/P123 decreases from 22.7° to 5.1° within 2 min. PU and P123 form the switching group, which enhances the SM behavior of the composite. The shape fixity (Rf) and shape recovery (Rr) of PU/PLLA/P123 are 94.4 % and 98 % in 55 °C water, respectively, and the shape recovery time is only 10 s. P123 plays the role of "turbine" in the SM process. PU/PLLA/P123 exhibits a balance between stiffness and elasticity, and good degradability. Furthermore, PU/PLLA/P123 is also biocompatible and beneficial to cell proliferation and growth. Therefore, it offers an alternative approach to developing hydrothermally responsive SM biocomposites based on P123, PU and PLLA for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhua Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, China
| | - Xiaofeng Song
- School of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, China; Jiangxi Center of Modern Apparel Engineering and Technology, Jiangxi Institute of Fashion Technology, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, China
| | - Yanhe Wang
- Jiangxi Center of Modern Apparel Engineering and Technology, Jiangxi Institute of Fashion Technology, China
| | - Chuanming Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, China
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3
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Boruvka M, Base R, Novak J, Brdlik P, Behalek L, Ngaowthong C. Phase Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Super-Tough PLLA/TPE/EMA-GMA Ternary Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:192. [PMID: 38256991 PMCID: PMC10819591 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The inherent brittleness of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) limits its use in a wider range of applications that require plastic deformation at higher stress levels. To overcome this, a series of poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA)/biodegradable thermoplastic polyester elastomer (TPE) blends and their ternary blends with an ethylene-methyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate (EMA-GMA) copolymer as a compatibilizer were prepared via melt blending to improve the poor impact strength and low ductility of PLAs. The thermal behavior, crystallinity, and miscibility of the binary and ternary blends were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Tensile tests revealed a brittle-ductile transition when the binary PLLA/20TPE blend was compatibilized by 8.6 wt. % EMA-GMA, and the elongation at break increased from 10.9% to 227%. The "super tough" behavior of the PLLA/30TPE/12.9EMA-GMA ternary blend with the incomplete break and notched impact strength of 89.2 kJ∙m-2 was observed at an ambient temperature (23 °C). In addition, unnotched PLLA/40TPE samples showed a tremendous improvement in crack initiation resistance at sub-zero test conditions (-40 °C) with an impact strength of 178.1 kJ∙m-2. Morphological observation by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicates that EMA-GMA is preferentially located at the PLLA/TPE interphase, where it is partially incorporated into the matrix and partially encapsulates the TPE. The excellent combination of good interfacial adhesion, debonding cavitation, and subsequent matrix shear yielding worked synergistically with the phase transition from sea-island to co-continuous morphology to form an interesting super-toughening mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Boruvka
- Department of Engineering Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Liberec, Studenstka 2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic; (R.B.); (J.N.); (P.B.); (L.B.)
| | - Roman Base
- Department of Engineering Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Liberec, Studenstka 2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic; (R.B.); (J.N.); (P.B.); (L.B.)
| | - Jan Novak
- Department of Engineering Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Liberec, Studenstka 2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic; (R.B.); (J.N.); (P.B.); (L.B.)
| | - Pavel Brdlik
- Department of Engineering Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Liberec, Studenstka 2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic; (R.B.); (J.N.); (P.B.); (L.B.)
| | - Lubos Behalek
- Department of Engineering Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Liberec, Studenstka 2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic; (R.B.); (J.N.); (P.B.); (L.B.)
| | - Chakaphan Ngaowthong
- Department of Agricultural Engineering for Industry, Faculty of Industrial Technology and Management, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok Prachinburi Campus, 29 Moo 6, Tumbon Noenhom, Muang 25230, Prachinburi, Thailand;
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4
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Thermal and crystalline properties of biodegradable PCL/PBAT shape memory blends. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-023-01157-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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5
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Cetiner B, Sahin Dundar G, Yusufoglu Y, Saner Okan B. Sustainable Engineered Design and Scalable Manufacturing of Upcycled Graphene Reinforced Polylactic Acid/Polyurethane Blend Composites Having Shape Memory Behavior. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051085. [PMID: 36904326 PMCID: PMC10007146 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Material design in shape memory polymers (SMPs) carries significant importance in attaining high performance and adjusting the interface between additive and host polymer matrix to increase the degree of recovery. Herein, the main challenge is to enhance the interfacial interactions to provide reversibility during deformation. The present work describes a newly designed composite structure by manufacturing a high-degree biobased and thermally induced shape memory polylactic acid (PLA)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) blend incorporated with graphene nanoplatelets obtained from waste tires. In this design, blending with TPU enhances flexibility, and adding GNP provides functionality in terms of mechanical and thermal properties by enhancing circularity and sustainability approaches. The present work provides a scalable compounding approach for industrial applications of GNP at high shear rates during the melt mixing of single/blend polymer matrices. By evaluating the mechanical performance of the PLA and TPU blend composite composition at a 9:1 weight percentage, the optimum GNP amount was defined as 0.5 wt%. The flexural strength of the developed composite structure was enhanced by 24% and the thermal conductivity by 15%. In addition, a 99.8% shape fixity ratio and a 99.58% recovery ratio were attained within 4 min, resulting in the spectacular enhancement of GNP attainment. This study provides an opportunity to understand the acting mechanism of upcycled GNP in improving composite formulations and to develop a new perspective on the sustainability of PLA/TPU blend composites with an increased biobased degree and shape memory behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Busra Cetiner
- Integrated Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center & Composite Technologies Center of Excellence, Manufacturing Technologies, Sabanci University, Teknopark Istanbul, Istanbul 34906, Turkey
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Gulayse Sahin Dundar
- Integrated Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center & Composite Technologies Center of Excellence, Manufacturing Technologies, Sabanci University, Teknopark Istanbul, Istanbul 34906, Turkey
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Yusufoglu
- Adel Kalemcilik Ticaret ve Sanayi A.S., Kocaeli 41480, Turkey
| | - Burcu Saner Okan
- Integrated Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center & Composite Technologies Center of Excellence, Manufacturing Technologies, Sabanci University, Teknopark Istanbul, Istanbul 34906, Turkey
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Correspondence:
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6
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Wu F, Hu J, Yang S, Li G, Chen H, Fang H. High‐efficiency shape memory copolymers of
polycaprolactone
/
thermoplastic polyurethane
fabricated via in situ ring‐opening polymerization. POLYM ENG SCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.26272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fangjuan Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Fujian University of Technology Fuzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Products of Universities in Fujian Fujian University of Technology Fuzhou China
| | - Jiahuan Hu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Fujian University of Technology Fuzhou China
| | - Shangda Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Fujian University of Technology Fuzhou China
| | - Guifeng Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Fujian University of Technology Fuzhou China
| | - Haoxiang Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Fujian University of Technology Fuzhou China
| | - Hui Fang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Fujian University of Technology Fuzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Products of Universities in Fujian Fujian University of Technology Fuzhou China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Processing and Application Fujian University of Technology Fuzhou China
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7
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Jhao YS, Ouyang H, Yang F, Lee S. Thermo-Mechanical and Creep Behaviour of Polylactic Acid/Thermoplastic Polyurethane Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235276. [PMID: 36501670 PMCID: PMC9738534 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a great need to develop biodegradable thermoplastics for a variety of applications in a wide range of temperatures. In this work, we prepare polymer blends from polylactic acid (PLA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) via a melting blend method at 200 °C and study the creep deformation of the PLA/TPU blends in a temperature range of 10 to 40 °C with the focus on transient and steady-state creep. The stress exponent for the power law description of the steady state creep of PLA/TPU blends decreases linearly with the increase of the mass fraction of TPU from 1.73 for the PLA to 1.17 for the TPU. The activation energies of the rate processes for the steady-state creep and transient creep decrease linearly with the increase of the mass fraction of TPU from 97.7 ± 3.9 kJ/mol and 59.4 ± 2.9 kJ/mol for the PLA to 26.3 ± 1.3 kJ/mol and 25.4 ± 1.7 kJ/mol for the TPU, respectively. These linearly decreasing trends can be attributed to the weak interaction between the PLA and the TPU. The creep deformation of the PLA/TPU blends consists of the contributions of individual PLA and TPU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Sheng Jhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Hao Ouyang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Fuqian Yang
- Materials Program, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Sanboh Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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8
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Liu M, Wei Q, Du B. 4D printing light-/thermo-responsive shape memory composites based on thermoplastic polyurethane/polylactic acid/polyaniline blends. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/09540083221135499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a series of polylactic acid/thermoplastic polyurethane/polyaniline (PLA/TPU/PANI) blends with different weight ratios were prepared by Fused deposition molding First, six groups of PLA/TPU (U9A1/U8A2/U7A3/U6A4/U5A5/U4A6) and three groups of PLA/TPU/PANI (821/823/825) with different ratios were fabricated by melt blending. Then, the effects of different filament forming and printing process parameters on print resolution and quality were investigated. Next, printed samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mechanical experiments. The results of FTIR and TGA showed no chemical reaction between different components, and uniform distribution of the material was observed in the SEM. The tensile and compressive curves of the samples showed an inverted U-shape. Finally, the shape-memory property was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry. For PLA/TPU blends, U8A2 had the best shape memory capability ([Formula: see text] = 80.8% and [Formula: see text] = 100%). Based on the excellent shape memory performance of PLA/TPU, the addition of PANI can introduce a light-actuated mechanism to form a binary-driven shape memory material. The composite materials prepared in this work can be applied to tissue engineering scaffolds, medical devices, soft robots and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Wang
- Industry Engineering Department, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Yanen Wang
- Industry Engineering Department, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Minyan Liu
- Industry Engineering Department, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Qinghua Wei
- Industry Engineering Department, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Bing Du
- Center of Stomatology, The Second People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, P.R. China
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9
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Jafari Horastani S, Karevan M, Ghane M. Structural, thermal, and viscoelastic response of nanoclay reinforced polylactic acid/thermoplastic polyurethane shape‐memory nanocomposites of low transition temperature. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehdi Karevan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan Iran
| | - Mohammad Ghane
- Department of Textile Engineering Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan Iran
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10
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Jiang N, Jia B. WITHDRAWN: Progress of biodegradable materials for occlusion devices. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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11
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Effect of Crystallization on Shape Memory Effect of Poly(lactic Acid). Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14081569. [PMID: 35458321 PMCID: PMC9028359 DOI: 10.3390/polym14081569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The opportunity for the preparation of high-performance shape memory materials was brought about by the excellent mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA). As the effect of crystallization on shape memory was still unclear, this brings constraints to the high-performance design of PLA. The PLA plates with different aggregation structure were prepared by three kinds of molding methods in this paper. The PLA plates were pre-stretched with a series of different strains above glass transition temperature (i.e., 70 °C). The recovery stress and ratio of the material were measured above stretching temperature (i.e., 80 °C). Prolonging of annealing time resulted in more perfect crystal structure and higher crystallinity. The crystal region acted as network nodes in shape memory PLA, and crystal region structure determined the shape memory performance. Based on the experimental results, the structural evolution of network nodes in shape memory PLA was established.
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12
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Fang H, Zhang L, Chen A, Wu F. Improvement of Mechanical Property for PLA/TPU Blend by Adding PLA-TPU Copolymers Prepared via In Situ Ring-Opening Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14081530. [PMID: 35458279 PMCID: PMC9031752 DOI: 10.3390/polym14081530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polylactic acid (PLA)-thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) copolymer (PTC) was prepared by melting TPU pellets in molten lactide, followed by in situ ring-opening coordination polymerization. The results from FTIR and 1H-NMR confirmed the formation of the copolymer. PLA/TPU blends with different TPU contents were prepared by melt blending method. SEM and mechanical properties showed a conspicuous phase separation between PLA and TPU. In order to further improve the mechanical properties of the blend, PTC was used as the compatibilizer and the effects of the PTC content on the properties of the blend were investigated. The addition of PTC made TPU particles smaller in PLA matrix and improved the compatibility. With the loading of 5 wt.% PTC, the impact strength of the PLA/TPU blend reached 27.8 kJ/m2, which was 31.1% and 68.5% higher than that of the blend without PTC and pure PLA, respectively. As the content of PTC was more than 5 wt.%, the mechanical properties declined since the compatibilizer tended to form separate clusters, which could reduce the part distributed between the dispersed phase and the matrix, leading to a reduction in the compatibility of the blend. Moreover, the DMA results confirmed PTC could improve the compatibility between PLA and TPU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Fang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou 350118, China; (H.F.); (L.Z.); (A.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Products of Universities in Fujian, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou 350011, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Processing and Application, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou 350011, China
| | - Lingjie Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou 350118, China; (H.F.); (L.Z.); (A.C.)
| | - Anlin Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou 350118, China; (H.F.); (L.Z.); (A.C.)
| | - Fangjuan Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou 350118, China; (H.F.); (L.Z.); (A.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Products of Universities in Fujian, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou 350011, China
- Correspondence:
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13
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Hang Z, Lv Z, Feng L, Liu B. Study of Compatibility and Flame Retardancy of TPU/PLA Composites. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15062339. [PMID: 35329790 PMCID: PMC8949938 DOI: 10.3390/ma15062339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In order to apply the rigid biodegradable PLA material for flexible toothbrush bristle products, in this paper, Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU) blends (TPU/PLA composites), with a mass ratio of 80:20, were prepared by the melt-blending method to achieve toughening modification. Infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance were used to investigate the effect of the compatibilizer, Maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MAH), on the compatibility of the blends, and the effect of melamine on the flame retardant properties of the blends was further investigated. The results demonstrated that 3% PP-g-MAH had the best compatibility effect on PLA and TPU; the TPU/PLA composites have a better macromolecular motility and higher crystallization capacity in the amorphous regions through the physical and chemical action by using PP-g-MAH as a compatibilizer. By adding melamine as a flame retardant, the scorch wire ignition temperature of TPU/PLA composites can reach 830 °C, which was elevated by 80 °C compared with pure PLA; however, the flame retardant effect of melamine in a single system was not significant. Melamine acts as a flame retardant by absorbing heat through decomposition and diluting the combustible material by producing an inert gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zusheng Hang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials and Application Technology, Nanjing 211167, China
- Correspondence: (Z.H.); (Z.L.); (L.F.); (B.L.)
| | - Zichun Lv
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, China
- Correspondence: (Z.H.); (Z.L.); (L.F.); (B.L.)
| | - Liu Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, China
- Correspondence: (Z.H.); (Z.L.); (L.F.); (B.L.)
| | - Ben Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, China
- Correspondence: (Z.H.); (Z.L.); (L.F.); (B.L.)
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14
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A facile strategy for preparation of strong tough poly(lactic acid) foam with a unique microfibrillated bimodal micro/nano cellular structure. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 199:264-274. [PMID: 34999040 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This work reports the design and fabrication of strong tough poly(lactic acid) (PLA) foam by combining pressure-induced-flow (PIF) processing with supercritical CO2 foaming. PIF processing widened the foaming window of PLA to 40-120 °C, while supercritical CO2 foaming released the undesired internal stress of PLA samples with PIF processing (P-PLA). The prepared PLA foams displayed a unique microfibrillated bimodal micro/nano cellular structure which is strongly affected by saturation temperature (Ts). Both micron and nano cells showed decreasing cells size and increasing cell density as Ts elevated. The orientation factor as well as internal stress of PLA foams decreased with increased Ts. Compared with P-PLA samples, PLA foam prepared at Ts of 40 °C showed negligible reduction of orientation from 0.45 to 0.41 and release of internal stress characterized by the rightward shift of Raman peak (stretching vibration of CO bond from 1763 to 1766 cm-1). Furthermore, PLA foam prepared at Ts of 40 °C presented excellent impact strength (32.3 kJ/m2), tensile strength (42.0 MPa), and ductility (14.2%). The combination of PIF processing and supercritical CO2 foaming provides a facile and effective method to prepare strong tough PLA foam that has immense potential in biomedical, aerospace, automotive, and other structural applications.
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15
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Rodolfo MG, Costa LC, Marini J. Toughened poly(lactic acid)/thermoplastic polyurethane uncompatibilized blends. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2021-0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid), PLA, is a biodegradable polymer obtained from renewable sources with similar properties when compared with petroleum-based thermoplastics but with inherent brittleness. In this work, the use of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) as toughening agent was evaluated. PLA/TPU blends with 25 and 50 wt% of TPU were produced in an internal mixer without the use of compatibilizers. Their thermal, rheological, and mechanical properties were analyzed and correlated with the developed morphology. Immiscible blends with dispersed droplets morphology were obtained, and it was observed an inversion between the matrix and dispersed phases with the increase of the TPU content. The presence of TPU altered the elasticity and viscosity of the blends when compared to PLA, besides acting as a nucleating agent. Huge increments in impact resistance (up to 365%) were achieved, indicating a great potential of TPU to be used as a PLA toughening agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Garcia Rodolfo
- Department of Materials Engineering , Universidade Federal de São Carlos , Rodovia Washington Luís , km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos , Brazil
| | - Lidiane Cristina Costa
- Department of Materials Engineering , Universidade Federal de São Carlos , Rodovia Washington Luís , km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos , Brazil
| | - Juliano Marini
- Department of Materials Engineering , Universidade Federal de São Carlos , Rodovia Washington Luís , km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos , Brazil
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16
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Eang C, Nim B, Opaprakasit M, Petchsuk A, Opaprakasit P. Polyester-based polyurethanes derived from alcoholysis of polylactide as toughening agents for blends with shape-memory properties. RSC Adv 2022; 12:35328-35340. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07132k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A process for sizing down and functionalizing polylactide (PLA) is developed by alcoholysis. These are used as polyols in preparing PLA-based polyurethanes for toughening of brittle PLA. The blends exhibit improved mechanical properties with a high shape recovery efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chorney Eang
- School of Integrated Science and Innovation, Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology (SIIT), Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12121, Thailand
| | - Bunthoeun Nim
- School of Integrated Science and Innovation, Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology (SIIT), Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12121, Thailand
| | - Mantana Opaprakasit
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Atitsa Petchsuk
- National Metal and Materials Technology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Pakorn Opaprakasit
- School of Integrated Science and Innovation, Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology (SIIT), Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12121, Thailand
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17
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Sun M, Huang S, Yu M, Han K. Toughening Modification of Polylactic Acid by Thermoplastic Silicone Polyurethane Elastomer. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1953. [PMID: 34208303 PMCID: PMC8231260 DOI: 10.3390/polym13121953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The melt blending of polylactic acid (PLA) and thermoplastic silicone polyurethane (TPSiU) elastomer was performed to toughen PLA. The molecular structure, crystallization, thermal properties, compatibility, mechanical properties and rheological properties of the PLA/TPSiU blends of different mass ratios (100/0, 95/5, 90/10, 85/15 and 80/20) were investigated. The results showed that TPSiU was effectively blended into PLA, but no chemical reaction occurred. The addition of TPSiU had no obvious effect on the glass transition temperature and melting temperature of PLA, but slightly reduced the crystallinity of PLA. The morphology and dynamic mechanical analysis results demonstrated the poor thermodynamic compatibility between PLA and TPSiU. Rheological behavior studies showed that PLA/TPSiU melt was typically pseudoplastic fluid. As the content of TPSiU increased, the apparent viscosity of PLA/TPSiU blends showed a trend of rising first and then falling. The addition of TPSiU had a significant effect on the mechanical properties of PLA/TPSiU blends. When the content of TPSiU was 15 wt%, the elongation at break of the PLA/TPSiU blend reached 22.3% (5.0 times that of pure PLA), and the impact strength reached 19.3 kJ/m2 (4.9 times that of pure PLA), suggesting the favorable toughening effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Keqing Han
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; (M.S.); (S.H.); (M.Y.)
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18
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Kolomiets A, Jirout T. An investigation of the elastic properties of viscoelastic clusters of particles: A comparison between two methods. POLYM ENG SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kolomiets
- Department of Process Engineering Czech Technical University in Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Jirout
- Department of Process Engineering Czech Technical University in Prague Prague Czech Republic
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19
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Sun Y, Hua J, Wang Z. Design of
heat‐triggered
shape memory polymers based on
ethylene‐acrylic
acid copolymer/
nitrile‐butadiene
rubber thermoplastic vulcanizates. POLYM ENG SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingtao Sun
- College of Material Science and Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Jing Hua
- Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics Ministry of Education Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Zhaobo Wang
- College of Material Science and Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
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20
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Chatterjee T, Bhattacharya AB, Pal S, Naskar K. A relative study of the effect of static and dynamic vulcanization upon shape memory nature of thermally actuated peroxide crosslinked polyolefinic blends. POLYM ENG SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tuhin Chatterjee
- Rubber Technology Centre Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur India
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | | | - Sanjay Pal
- Rubber Technology Centre Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur India
| | - Kinsuk Naskar
- Rubber Technology Centre Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur India
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21
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Shi J, Yao D. A Simple Process for Making Supercontraction Fiber From Polycaprolactone/Elastomer Blends. POLYM ENG SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shi
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332
| | - Donggang Yao
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332
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22
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Guo Y, Yan L, Zeng Z, Chen L, Ma M, Luo R, Bian J, Lin H, Chen D. TPU/PLA nanocomposites with improved mechanical and shape memory properties fabricated via phase morphology control and incorporation of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes nanofillers. POLYM ENG SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Guo
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringXihua University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Lei Yan
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringXihua University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Zhu Zeng
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringXihua University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Lin Chen
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringXihua University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Mingxue Ma
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringXihua University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Rui Luo
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringXihua University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Jun Bian
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringXihua University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Hailan Lin
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringXihua University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Daiqiang Chen
- School of Polymer Science and EngineeringSichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
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23
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Bernardes GP, Rosa Luiz N, Santana RMC, Camargo Forte MM. Influence of the morphology and viscoelasticity on the thermomechanical properties of poly(lactic acid)/thermoplastic polyurethane blends compatibilized with ethylene‐ester copolymer. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giordano Pierozan Bernardes
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials (LaPol)School of Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) P.O. Box 15010, 91501‐970 Porto Alegre State of Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Nathália Rosa Luiz
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials (LaPol)School of Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) P.O. Box 15010, 91501‐970 Porto Alegre State of Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Ruth Marlene Campomanes Santana
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials (LaPol)School of Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) P.O. Box 15010, 91501‐970 Porto Alegre State of Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Maria Madalena Camargo Forte
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials (LaPol)School of Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) P.O. Box 15010, 91501‐970 Porto Alegre State of Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
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24
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Lascano D, Moraga G, Ivorra-Martinez J, Rojas-Lema S, Torres-Giner S, Balart R, Boronat T, Quiles-Carrillo L. Development of Injection-Molded Polylactide Pieces with High Toughness by the Addition of Lactic Acid Oligomer and Characterization of Their Shape Memory Behavior. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E2099. [PMID: 31847359 PMCID: PMC6960981 DOI: 10.3390/polym11122099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This work reports the effect of the addition of an oligomer of lactic acid (OLA), in the 5-20 wt% range, on the processing and properties of polylactide (PLA) pieces prepared by injection molding. The obtained results suggested that the here-tested OLA mainly performs as an impact modifier for PLA, showing a percentage increase in the impact strength of approximately 171% for the injection-molded pieces containing 15 wt% OLA. A slight plasticization was observed by the decrease of the glass transition temperature (Tg) of PLA of up to 12.5 °C. The OLA addition also promoted a reduction of the cold crystallization temperature (Tcc) of more than 10 °C due to an increased motion of the biopolymer chains and the potential nucleating effect of the short oligomer chains. Moreover, the shape memory behavior of the PLA samples was characterized by flexural tests with different deformation angles, that is, 15°, 30°, 60°, and 90°. The obtained results confirmed the extraordinary effect of OLA on the shape memory recovery (Rr) of PLA, which increased linearly as the OLA loading increased. In particular, the OLA-containing PLA samples were able to successfully recover over 95% of their original shape for low deformation angles, while they still reached nearly 70% of recovery for the highest angles. Therefore, the present OLA can be successfully used as a novel additive to improve the toughness and shape memory behavior of compostable packaging articles based on PLA in the new frame of the Circular Economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Lascano
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (D.L.); (G.M.); (J.I.-M.); (S.R.-L.); (R.B.); (T.B.); (L.Q.-C.)
- Escuela Politécnica Nacional, 17-01-2759 Quito, Ecuador
| | - Giovanni Moraga
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (D.L.); (G.M.); (J.I.-M.); (S.R.-L.); (R.B.); (T.B.); (L.Q.-C.)
| | - Juan Ivorra-Martinez
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (D.L.); (G.M.); (J.I.-M.); (S.R.-L.); (R.B.); (T.B.); (L.Q.-C.)
| | - Sandra Rojas-Lema
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (D.L.); (G.M.); (J.I.-M.); (S.R.-L.); (R.B.); (T.B.); (L.Q.-C.)
- Escuela Politécnica Nacional, 17-01-2759 Quito, Ecuador
| | - Sergio Torres-Giner
- Novel Materials and Nanotechnology Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Rafael Balart
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (D.L.); (G.M.); (J.I.-M.); (S.R.-L.); (R.B.); (T.B.); (L.Q.-C.)
| | - Teodomiro Boronat
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (D.L.); (G.M.); (J.I.-M.); (S.R.-L.); (R.B.); (T.B.); (L.Q.-C.)
| | - Luis Quiles-Carrillo
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (D.L.); (G.M.); (J.I.-M.); (S.R.-L.); (R.B.); (T.B.); (L.Q.-C.)
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25
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Lai HY, Wang HQ, Lai JC, Li CH. A Self-Healing and Shape Memory Polymer that Functions at Body Temperature. Molecules 2019; 24:E3224. [PMID: 31487954 PMCID: PMC6767172 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual-functional polymeric system combining shape memory with self-healing properties has attracted increasingly interests of researchers, as both of these properties are intelligent and promising characteristics. Moreover, shape memory polymer that functions at human body temperature (37 °C) are desirable because of their potential applications in biomedical field. Herein, we designed a polymer network with a permanent covalent crosslinking and abundant weak hydrogen bonds. The former introduces elasticity responsible and maintain the permanent shape, and the latter contributes to the temporary shape via network rearrangement. The obtained PDMS-COO-E polymer films exhibit excellent mechanical properties and the capability to efficiently self-heal for 6 h at room temperature. Furthermore, the samples turn from a viscous state into an elastic state at 37 °C. Therefore, this polymer has shape memory effects triggered by body temperature. This unique material will have a wide range of applications in many fields, containing wearable electronics, biomedical devices, and 4D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ying Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hong-Qin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jian-Cheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Cheng-Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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26
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Li Z, Liu L, Rao Y, Ran L, Wu T, Nie R, Anna DS, Li Y, Che Z. Mechanical and antibacterial properties of oriented poly(lactic acid). POLYM ENG SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqiu Li
- School of Material Science and EngineeringXihua University Chengdu 610039 China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Food Science and BioengineeringXihua University Chengdu 610039 China
| | - Yu Rao
- School of Food Science and BioengineeringXihua University Chengdu 610039 China
| | - Longchang Ran
- School of Material Science and EngineeringXihua University Chengdu 610039 China
| | - Ting Wu
- School of Material Science and EngineeringXihua University Chengdu 610039 China
| | - Rong Nie
- School of Food Science and BioengineeringXihua University Chengdu 610039 China
| | - De Schutter Anna
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversity of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California
| | - Yalin Li
- School of Food Science and BioengineeringXihua University Chengdu 610039 China
| | - Zhenming Che
- School of Food Science and BioengineeringXihua University Chengdu 610039 China
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27
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Fan J, Yan M, Huang J, Cao L, Chen Y. Fabrication of Smart Shape Memory Fluorosilicon Thermoplastic Vulcanizates: The Effect of Interfacial Compatibility and Tiny Crystals. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b03028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Fan
- Lab of Advanced Elastomer, School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Mengwen Yan
- Lab of Advanced Elastomer, School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jiarong Huang
- Lab of Advanced Elastomer, School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Liming Cao
- Lab of Advanced Elastomer, School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yukun Chen
- Lab of Advanced Elastomer, School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
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28
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Barmouz M, Behravesh AH. The role of foaming process on shape memory behavior of polylactic acid-thermoplastic polyurethane-nano cellulose bio-nanocomposites. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 91:266-277. [PMID: 30605857 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study the effects of foaming process on the shape memory properties of Polylactic acid/thermoplastic polyurethane/cellulous-nanofiber bio-nanocomposites were investigated. The samples of cylindrical shapes as well as sheets were manufactured and foamed. The results indicated that while the foaming process presented a microcellular structure, it can cause a tangible increase (up to 40%) in force recovery ratio and an intense reduction (up to 10 times) in actuation force. It is statistically shown that the existence of cellulose nano-fibers within the foamed matrix causes a significant increase in actuation force and reduction in the force recovery ratio. Analytical evaluation on the sheet form samples, in the foamed state using rheological model, was carried out that indicated satisfying description of their shape memory behaviors. It was also demonstrated that there exists significant deviation between the shape memory properties extracted from experimental and analytical assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Barmouz
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O.Box: 14115-143, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Behravesh
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O.Box: 14115-143, Tehran, Iran.
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29
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Effect of toughening agents on the properties of poplar wood flour/poly (lactic acid) composites fabricated with Fused Deposition Modeling. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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30
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Barmouz M, Hossein Behravesh A. Foaming and thermal characteristics of bio-based polylactic acid–thermoplastic polyurethane blends. J CELL PLAST 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0021955x18793841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports a research work on characterization of foamed biocompatible polylactic acid–thermoplastic polyurethane blends in terms of microstructural, thermal, and physical properties. The brittleness of the polylactic acid is compensated via blending with an elastoplastic phase of thermoplastic polyurethane. A range of low bulk density foam with a high cell density was produced in a solid state foaming process. Addition of thermoplastic polyurethane phase acted against the cell growth and thus foam expansion, apparently due to its inherent lower storage modulus, which weakens the polymer matrix and leads to gas escape phenomenon. Evaluation of thermal properties showed a tangible effect of blending and foaming process on crystallization of the specimens, which confirmed that the sensitivity of polylactic acid’s crystallinity to CO2 gas saturation was reduced as a result of thermoplastic polyurethane addition. Measurement of cell diameters and cell densities of the foamed samples demonstrated formation of the fine closed cells structure as a result of suitable foaming parameters that were able to deal with stiffness and strength of the polymeric matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Barmouz
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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31
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Chen YJ, Yu E, Ellingham T, Chung C, Turng LS. Improving the processibility and mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid)/linear low-density polyethylene/paraffin wax blends by subcritical gas-assisted processing. POLYM ENG SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yann-Jiun Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Polymer Engineering Center; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison Wisconsin 53706
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison Wisconsin 53715
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; National Taiwan University of Science and Technology; Taipei 10607 Taiwan
| | - Emily Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Polymer Engineering Center; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison Wisconsin 53706
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison Wisconsin 53715
| | - Thomas Ellingham
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Polymer Engineering Center; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison Wisconsin 53706
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison Wisconsin 53715
| | - Chunhui Chung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; National Taiwan University of Science and Technology; Taipei 10607 Taiwan
| | - Lih-Sheng Turng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Polymer Engineering Center; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison Wisconsin 53706
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison Wisconsin 53715
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32
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Mi HY, Jing X, Yu E, Wang X, Li Q, Turng LS. Manipulating the structure and mechanical properties of thermoplastic polyurethane/polycaprolactone hybrid small diameter vascular scaffolds fabricated via electrospinning using an assembled rotating collector. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 78:433-441. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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33
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Fully Biodegradable Poly(lactic acid)/Poly(propylene carbonate) Shape Memory Materials with Low Recovery Temperature Based on in situ Compatibilization by Dicumyl Peroxide. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-018-2065-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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34
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Water-actuated shape-memory and mechanically-adaptive poly(ethylene vinyl acetate) achieved by adding hydrophilic poly (vinyl alcohol). Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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35
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Effect of flax fiber content on polylactic acid (PLA) crystallization in PLA/flax fiber composites. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-017-0554-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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36
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Degradability of cross-linked polyurethanes based on synthetic polyhydroxybutyrate and modified with polylactide. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2017; 71:2243-2251. [PMID: 29104353 PMCID: PMC5655605 DOI: 10.1007/s11696-017-0218-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In many areas of application of conventional non-degradable cross-linked polyurethanes (PUR), there is a need for their degradation under the influence of specific environmental factors. It is practiced by incorporation of sensitive to degradation compounds (usually of natural origin) into the polyurethane structure, or by mixing them with polyurethanes. Cross-linked polyurethanes (with 10 and 30%wt amount of synthetic poly([R,S]-3-hydroxybutyrate) (R,S-PHB) in soft segments) and their physical blends with poly([d,l]-lactide) (PDLLA) were investigated and then degraded under hydrolytic (phosphate buffer solution) and oxidative (CoCl2/H2O2) conditions. The rate of degradation was monitored by changes of samples mass, morphology of surface and their thermal properties. Despite the small weight losses of samples, the changes of thermal properties of polymers and topography of their surface indicated that they were susceptible to gradual degradation under oxidative and hydrolytic conditions. Blends of PDLLA and polyurethane with 30 wt% of R,S-PHB in soft segments and PUR/PDLLA blends absorbed more
water and degraded faster than polyurethane with low amount of R,S-PHB.
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37
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Wang K, Strandman S, Zhu XX. A mini review: Shape memory polymers for biomedical applications. Front Chem Sci Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-017-1632-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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38
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Siahsarani A, Behravesh AH, Barmouz M. Compressive shape memory behavior of spring-shaped polylactic acid alloy type. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Siahsarani
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran P.O. Box: 14115-111 Iran
| | - A. H. Behravesh
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran P.O. Box: 14115-111 Iran
| | - M. Barmouz
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran P.O. Box: 14115-111 Iran
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Rashmi BJ, Loux C, Prashantha K. Bio-based thermoplastic polyurethane and polyamide 11 bioalloys with excellent shape memory behavior. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B. J. Rashmi
- Mines Douai, Department of Polymers and Composites Technology & Mechanical Engineering; 941 rue Charles Bourseul, CS 10838 Douai Cedex 59508 France
| | - C. Loux
- Mines Douai, Department of Polymers and Composites Technology & Mechanical Engineering; 941 rue Charles Bourseul, CS 10838 Douai Cedex 59508 France
| | - K. Prashantha
- Mines Douai, Department of Polymers and Composites Technology & Mechanical Engineering; 941 rue Charles Bourseul, CS 10838 Douai Cedex 59508 France
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40
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Wei H, Zhang Q, Yao Y, Liu L, Liu Y, Leng J. Direct-Write Fabrication of 4D Active Shape-Changing Structures Based on a Shape Memory Polymer and Its Nanocomposite. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:876-883. [PMID: 27997104 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b12824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Four-dimensional (4D) active shape-changing structures based on shape memory polymers (SMPs) and shape memory nanocomposites (SMNCs) are able to be controlled in both space and time and have attracted increasing attention worldwide. However, conventional processing approaches have restricted the design space of such smart structures. Herein, 4D active shape-changing architectures in custom-defined geometries exhibiting thermally and remotely actuated behaviors are achieved by direct-write printing of ultraviolet (UV) cross-linking poly(lactic acid)-based inks. The results reveal that, by the introduction of a UV cross-linking agent, the printed objects present excellent shape memory behavior, which enables three-dimensional (3D)-one-dimensional (1D)-3D, 3D-two-dimensional (2D)-3D, and 3D-3D-3D configuration transformations. More importantly, the addition of iron oxide successfully integrates 4D shape-changing objects with fast remotely actuated and magnetically guidable properties. This research realizes the printing of both SMPs and SMNCs, which present an effective strategy to design 4D active shape-changing architectures with multifunctional properties. This paves the way for the further development of 4D printing, soft robotics, flexible electronics, minimally invasive medicine, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqiu Wei
- Center for Composite Materials and Structures and ‡Department of Astronautical Science and Mechanics, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT) , Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiwei Zhang
- Center for Composite Materials and Structures and ‡Department of Astronautical Science and Mechanics, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT) , Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongtao Yao
- Center for Composite Materials and Structures and ‡Department of Astronautical Science and Mechanics, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT) , Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwu Liu
- Center for Composite Materials and Structures and ‡Department of Astronautical Science and Mechanics, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT) , Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanju Liu
- Center for Composite Materials and Structures and ‡Department of Astronautical Science and Mechanics, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT) , Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinsong Leng
- Center for Composite Materials and Structures and ‡Department of Astronautical Science and Mechanics, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT) , Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
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41
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Cai S, Sun YC, Ren J, Naguib HE. Toward the low actuation temperature of flexible shape memory polymer composites with room temperature deformability via induced plasticizing effect. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:8845-8853. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb02068f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Room temperature deformable PLA/TPU/PEG blends demostrate superior shape memory properties under low temperature environments due to the induced plasticizing effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenyang Cai
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials
| | - Yu-Chen Sun
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
| | - Jie Ren
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials
- Ministry of Education
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 201804
| | - Hani E. Naguib
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
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42
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Saini P, Arora M, Kumar MR. Poly(lactic acid) blends in biomedical applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 107:47-59. [PMID: 27374458 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) has become a "material of choice" in biomedical applications for its ability to fulfill complex needs that typically include properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, mechanical strength, and processability. Despite the advantages of pure PLA in a wider spectrum of applications, it is limited by its hydrophobicity, low impact toughness, and slow degradation rate. Blending PLA with other polymers offers a convenient option to enhance its properties or generate novel properties for target applications without the need to develop new materials. PLA blends with different natural and synthetic polymers have been developed by solvent and melt blending techniques and further processed based on end-use applications. A variety of PLA blends has been explored for biomedical applications such as drug delivery, implants, sutures, and tissue engineering. This review discusses the opportunities for PLA blends in the biomedical arena, including the overview of blending and postblend processing techniques and the applications of PLA blends currently in use and under development.
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Xu W, Zhang R, Liu W, Zhu J, Dong X, Guo H, Hu GH. A Multiscale Investigation on the Mechanism of Shape Recovery for IPDI to PPDI Hard Segment Substitution in Polyurethane. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Ningbo
Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material
Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguan
West Road 1219, Ningbo 315201, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruoyu Zhang
- Ningbo
Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material
Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguan
West Road 1219, Ningbo 315201, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Ningbo
Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material
Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguan
West Road 1219, Ningbo 315201, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Ningbo
Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material
Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguan
West Road 1219, Ningbo 315201, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Dong
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Guo
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo-Hua Hu
- Laboratory
of Reactions and Process Engineering, CNRS-University of Lorraine, Nancy 54001, France
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44
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Elsawy MA, Saad GR, Sayed AM. Mechanical, thermal, and dielectric properties of poly(lactic acid)/chitosan nanocomposites. POLYM ENG SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moataz A. Elsawy
- Polymer Laboratory; Petrochemical Department; Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute; Nasser City Cairo 11727 Egypt
| | - Gamal R. Saad
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo; 12613 Egypt
| | - Aisha M. Sayed
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo; 12613 Egypt
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45
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Lai SM, Wu WL, Wang YJ. Annealing effect on the shape memory properties of polylactic acid (PLA)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) bio-based blends. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-016-0993-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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46
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Li
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering; Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803 USA
| | - Anqi Wang
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering; Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803 USA
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47
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Memarian F, Fereidoon A, Ghorbanzadeh Ahangari M. The shape memory, and the mechanical and thermal properties of TPU/ABS/CNT: a ternary polymer composite. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra23087c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer blend nanocomposites based on thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) elastomer, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and multi-walled nanotubes (MWCNTs) were prepared via a simple melt blending process.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Memarian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Semnan University
- Semnan
- Iran
| | - A. Fereidoon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Semnan University
- Semnan
- Iran
| | - M. Ghorbanzadeh Ahangari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology
- University of Mazandaran
- Babolsar
- Iran
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48
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Zhao P, Zhang J. Room temperature and low temperature toughness improvement in PBA-g-SAN/α-MSAN by melt blending with TPU. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra26854k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Toughness of PBA-g-SAN/α-MSAN blends at room temperature and low temperature was successfully improved by incorporating TPU elastomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Jun Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
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49
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Oliaei E, Kaffashi B, Davoodi S. Investigation of structure and mechanical properties of toughened poly(l-lactide)/thermoplastic poly(ester urethane) blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erfan Oliaei
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering; University of Tehran; P.O. Box 11365-4563 Tehran Iran. Tel: + 98 21 66967789, Fax: + 98 21 66957784
| | - Babak Kaffashi
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering; University of Tehran; P.O. Box 11365-4563 Tehran Iran. Tel: + 98 21 66967789, Fax: + 98 21 66957784
| | - Saeed Davoodi
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering; University of Tehran; P.O. Box 11365-4563 Tehran Iran. Tel: + 98 21 66967789, Fax: + 98 21 66957784
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50
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Chen Y, Chen K, Wang Y, Xu C. Biobased Heat-Triggered Shape-Memory Polymers Based on Polylactide/Epoxidized Natural Rubber Blend System Fabricated via Peroxide-Induced Dynamic Vulcanization: Co-continuous Phase Structure, Shape Memory Behavior, and Interfacial Compatibilization. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b02195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Chen
- The
Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering, Ministry of Education,
China, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Kunling Chen
- The
Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering, Ministry of Education,
China, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Youhong Wang
- The
Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering, Ministry of Education,
China, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chuanhui Xu
- The
Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering, Ministry of Education,
China, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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