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Gonçalves LFFF, Reis RL, Fernandes EM. Forefront Research of Foaming Strategies on Biodegradable Polymers and Their Composites by Thermal or Melt-Based Processing Technologies: Advances and Perspectives. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1286. [PMID: 38732755 PMCID: PMC11085284 DOI: 10.3390/polym16091286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The last few decades have witnessed significant advances in the development of polymeric-based foam materials. These materials find several practical applications in our daily lives due to their characteristic properties such as low density, thermal insulation, and porosity, which are important in packaging, in building construction, and in biomedical applications, respectively. The first foams with practical applications used polymeric materials of petrochemical origin. However, due to growing environmental concerns, considerable efforts have been made to replace some of these materials with biodegradable polymers. Foam processing has evolved greatly in recent years due to improvements in existing techniques, such as the use of supercritical fluids in extrusion foaming and foam injection moulding, as well as the advent or adaptation of existing techniques to produce foams, as in the case of the combination between additive manufacturing and foam technology. The use of supercritical CO2 is especially advantageous in the production of porous structures for biomedical applications, as CO2 is chemically inert and non-toxic; in addition, it allows for an easy tailoring of the pore structure through processing conditions. Biodegradable polymeric materials, despite their enormous advantages over petroleum-based materials, present some difficulties regarding their potential use in foaming, such as poor melt strength, slow crystallization rate, poor processability, low service temperature, low toughness, and high brittleness, which limits their field of application. Several strategies were developed to improve the melt strength, including the change in monomer composition and the use of chemical modifiers and chain extenders to extend the chain length or create a branched molecular structure, to increase the molecular weight and the viscosity of the polymer. The use of additives or fillers is also commonly used, as fillers can improve crystallization kinetics by acting as crystal-nucleating agents. Alternatively, biodegradable polymers can be blended with other biodegradable polymers to combine certain properties and to counteract certain limitations. This work therefore aims to provide the latest advances regarding the foaming of biodegradable polymers. It covers the main foaming techniques and their advances and reviews the uses of biodegradable polymers in foaming, focusing on the chemical changes of polymers that improve their foaming ability. Finally, the challenges as well as the main opportunities presented reinforce the market potential of the biodegradable polymer foam materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F. F. F. Gonçalves
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs–Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal;
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs–Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal;
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Emanuel M. Fernandes
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs–Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal;
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
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2
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Xu M, Wu M, Li X, Tang J, Ma W, Zhu X, Ren Q, Wang L, Zheng W. Biodegradable nanofibrillated microcellular PBS/PLA foams for selective oil absorption. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127844. [PMID: 37923032 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
To address the challenges posed by spilled oil and oily wastewater, the development of clean oil-adsorption materials is crucial. However, traditional oil-adsorption materials suffer from the issue of secondary pollution. Herein, fully biodegradable nanofibrillated poly(butylene succinate)/poly(lactic acid) (PBS/PLA) foams with outstanding selective oil-adsorption performance were successfully fabricated via an eco-friendly supercritical CO2 foaming technology. The PBS/PLA composites, featuring nanofibrils with a diameter of approximately 100 nm, were prepared through a hot-stretching method subsequent to extrusion. Substantial improvements were observed in the crystallization rate and rheological properties of the fibrillated PBS/PLA composites. Furthermore, PLA nanofibrils enhanced foamability of the composite, achieving an impressive expansion ratio of up to 38.0, resulting in an outstanding oil-absorption performance (19.2-50.4 g/g) of the F-1 %-95 foam. Additionally, 20 adsorption-desorption cycles illustrated the prepared F-1 %-95 foam displayed recyclable oil-absorption characteristics. This work provides an eco-friendly strategy for preparing fully biodegradable foams intended for application as oil-adsorption materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxian Xu
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315201, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Minghui Wu
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315201, PR China
| | - Xueyun Li
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315201, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jiayi Tang
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315201, PR China
| | - Wenyu Ma
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315201, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xiuyu Zhu
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315201, PR China
| | - Qian Ren
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315201, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Long Wang
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315201, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Wenge Zheng
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315201, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
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3
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Barletta M, Aversa C, Ayyoob M, Gisario A, Hamad K, Mehrpouya M, Vahabi H. Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS): Materials, processing, and industrial applications. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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4
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Lu J, Zhang H, Chen Y, Ge Y, Liu T. Mechanical and rheological properties and CO2-foaming behavior of reactively modified TPEE with controlled chain entanglement. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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5
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Peñas MI, Pérez-Camargo RA, Hernández R, Müller AJ. A Review on Current Strategies for the Modulation of Thermomechanical, Barrier, and Biodegradation Properties of Poly (Butylene Succinate) (PBS) and Its Random Copolymers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:1025. [PMID: 35267848 PMCID: PMC8914744 DOI: 10.3390/polym14051025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of plastics on the environment can be mitigated by employing biobased and/or biodegradable materials (i.e., bioplastics) instead of the traditional "commodities". In this context, poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) emerges as one of the most promising alternatives due to its good mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties, making it suitable for use in a wide range of applications. Still, the PBS has some drawbacks, such as its high crystallinity, which must be overcome to position it as a real and viable alternative to "commodities". This contribution covers the actual state-of-the-art of the PBS through different sections. The first section reviews the different synthesis routes, providing a complete picture regarding the obtained molecular weights and the greener alternatives. Afterward, we examine how different strategies such as random copolymerization and the incorporation of fillers can effectively modulate PBS properties to satisfy the needs for different applications. The impact of these strategies is evaluated in the crystallization behavior, crystallinity, mechanical and barrier properties, and biodegradation. The biodegradation is carefully analyzed, highlighting the wide variety of methodologies existing in the literature to measure PBS degradation through different routes (hydrolytic, enzymatic, and soil).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Iván Peñas
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology ICTP-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ricardo Arpad Pérez-Camargo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
| | - Rebeca Hernández
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology ICTP-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Alejandro J. Müller
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
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Luo J, Yin D, Yu K, Zhou H, Wen B, Wang X. Facile fabrication of PBS/CNTs nanocomposite foam for electromagnetic interference shielding. Chemphyschem 2021; 23:e202100778. [PMID: 34973043 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In order to reduce the pollutants of environment and electromagnetic waves, environment friendly polymer foams with outstanding electromagnetic interference shielding are imminently required. In this paper, a kind of electromagnetic shielding, biodegradable nanocomposite foam was fabricated by blending PBS with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) followed by foaming with supercritical CO2. The crystallization temperature and melting temperature of PBS/CNTs nanocomposites with 4 wt % of CNTs increased remarkably by 6 °C and 3.1 °C compared with that of pure PBS and a double crystal melting peak of various PBS samples appeared in DSC curves. Clearly, an increase of approximately 3 orders of magnitude was improved for storage modulus and near 9 orders of magnitude was enhanced for electrical properties with CNTs content from 0 to 4 wt %. Furthermore, CNTs endowed PBS nanocomposite foam with adjustable electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding property, giving a specific EMI shielding effectiveness of 28.5 dB cm3/g. This study provided a promising methodology for preparing biodegradable, lightweight PBS/CNTs foam with outstanding electromagnetic shielding properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyun Luo
- Beijing Technology and Business University, college of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Fucheng road 33, Beijing, CHINA
| | - Dexian Yin
- Beijing Technology and Business University, College of chemistry and materials engineering, Fucheng road 33, Beijing, CHINA
| | - Kejing Yu
- jiangnan university, jiangnan university, Jiangsu 214122, jiangsu, CHINA
| | - Hongfu Zhou
- Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, CHINA
| | - Bianying Wen
- Business and Technology University, college of chemistry and material engineering, Fucheng road 33, Beijing, CHINA
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Beijing Technology and Business University, college chemistry and materials engineering, Fucheng road 33, Beijing, CHINA
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8
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Engineering of polybutylene succinate with long-chain branching toward high foamability and degradation. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Biodegradable Foaming Material of Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT)/Poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC). CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-021-2644-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Yin Y, Yang J, Meng L. Preparation of poly(butylene succinate) vitrimer with thermal shape stability via transesterification reaction. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yin
- Polymer Materials and Engineering Department, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China
| | - Jian Yang
- Polymer Materials and Engineering Department, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China
| | - Linghui Meng
- Polymer Materials and Engineering Department, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China
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11
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Standau T, Nofar M, Dörr D, Ruckdäschel H, Altstädt V. A Review on Multifunctional Epoxy-Based Joncryl® ADR Chain Extended Thermoplastics. POLYM REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2021.1918710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Standau
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Mohammadreza Nofar
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Department Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
- Polymer Science and Technology Program, Institute of Science and Technology, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dominik Dörr
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Holger Ruckdäschel
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Volker Altstädt
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
- Bavarian Polymer Institute and Bayreuth Institute of Macromolecular Research, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
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12
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The effect of polytetrafluoroethylene particle size on the properties of biodegradable poly(butylene succinate)-based composites. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6802. [PMID: 33762666 PMCID: PMC7991650 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86307-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS)/polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composites, including three types of PTFE powders, were prepared by melt blending using a HAAKE torque rheometer. Microcellular foams were successfully fabricated by batch foaming with supercritical fluids (scCO2). The effects of PTFE powder type on crystallization, rheological properties and foaming behavior were studied. PTFE L-5 and PTFE JH-220 powders showed good dispersion in the PBS matrix, and PTFE FA-500 powder underwent fibrillation during the melt blending process. All three PTFE powders gradually increased the crystallization temperature of PBS from 78.2 to 91.8 ℃ and the crystallinity from 45.6 to 61.7% without apparent changes in the crystal structure. Rheological results revealed that PBS/PTFE composites had a higher storage modulus, loss modulus, and complex viscosity than those of pure PBS. In particular, the complex viscosity of the PBS/P500 composite increased by an order of magnitude in the low-frequency region. The foamed structure of PBS was obviously improved by adding PTFE powder, and the effect of fibrillated PTFE FA-500 was the most remarkable, with a pore mean diameter of 5.46 μm and a pore density of 1.86 × 109 cells/cm3 (neat PBS foam: 32.49 μm and 1.95 × 107 cells/cm3). Moreover, PBS/P500 foam always guarantees hydrophobicity.
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Ni J, Yu K, Zhou H, Mi J, Chen S, Wang X. Morphological evolution of PLA foam from microcellular to nanocellular induced by cold crystallization assisted by supercritical CO2. J Supercrit Fluids 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2019.104719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Hou J, Jiang J, Guo H, Guo X, Wang X, Shen Y, Li Q. Fabrication of fibrillated and interconnected porous poly(ε-caprolactone) vascular tissue engineering scaffolds by microcellular foaming and polymer leaching. RSC Adv 2020; 10:10055-10066. [PMID: 35498611 PMCID: PMC9050225 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00956c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper provides a method combining eco-friendly supercritical CO2 microcellular foaming and polymer leaching to fabricate small-diameter vascular tissue engineering scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Hou
- School of Mechanics & Engineering Science
- Zhengzhou University
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-Nano Molding Technology
- Zhengzhou
- PR China
| | - Jing Jiang
- School of Mechanics & Engineering Science
- Zhengzhou University
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-Nano Molding Technology
- Zhengzhou
- PR China
| | - Haiyang Guo
- School of Mechanics & Engineering Science
- Zhengzhou University
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-Nano Molding Technology
- Zhengzhou
- PR China
| | - Xin Guo
- School of Mechanics & Engineering Science
- Zhengzhou University
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-Nano Molding Technology
- Zhengzhou
- PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- School of Mechanics & Engineering Science
- Zhengzhou University
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-Nano Molding Technology
- Zhengzhou
- PR China
| | - Yaqiang Shen
- Shenzhen ZhaoWei Machinery & Electronics Co.,Ltd
- Shenzhen
- PR China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Mechanics & Engineering Science
- Zhengzhou University
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-Nano Molding Technology
- Zhengzhou
- PR China
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Ju J, Gu Z, Liu X, Zhang S, Peng X, Kuang T. Fabrication of bimodal open-porous poly (butylene succinate)/cellulose nanocrystals composite scaffolds for tissue engineering application. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 147:1164-1173. [PMID: 31751685 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The design of porous tissue engineering scaffold with multiscale open-pore architecture (i.e., bimodal structure) promotes cell attachment and growth, which facilitates nutrient and oxygen diffusion. In this study, a porous poly (butylene succinate) (PBS)/cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) composite scaffold with a well-defined controllable bimodal open-pore interconnected structure was successfully fabricated. The bimodal open-porous scaffold architecture was designed by synergistic control of temperature variation and a two-step depressurization in a supercritical carbon dioxide (Sc-CO2) foaming process. The microstructure and properties of the bimodal open-porous PBS/CNCs scaffold, such as morphology, open porosity, hydrophilic and degradation performance, and mechanical compression properties, were analyzed. In the experiments, the scaffold with unimodal pore structure was used for comparison. The results showed that the bimodal open-porous PBS5 scaffold displayed a well-defined bimodal open-pore structure composed of large pore (~68.9 μm in diameter) and small pore (~11.0 μm in diameter), with a high open porosity (~95.2%). In addition, the scaffolds exhibited good mechanical compressive properties (compressive strength of 2.76 MPa at 50% strain), hydrophilicity (water contact angle of 71.7 °C) and in vitro degradation rate. Moreover, in vitro biocompatibility was determined with NIH-3T3 fibroblast cells using MTT assay and live/dead cell viability assay. Results indicated that the obtained bimodal open-porous scaffolds had a good biocompatibility and the viability of cells grown on the scaffolds reached up to 98% after 7th day of culture. Therefore, our work provides new insights into the use of biodegradable polymeric composite scaffolds with bimodal open-pore structure and balanced properties in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Ju
- The Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Zhipeng Gu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China.
| | - Xianhu Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Processing and Mold of Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China
| | - Shuidong Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Xiangfang Peng
- The Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Tairong Kuang
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Polymer Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Devices, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, PR China; College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China.
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16
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Fabrication of Poly(butylene succinate)/Carbon Black Nanocomposite Foams with Good Electrical Conductivity and High Strength by a Supercritical CO 2 Foaming Process. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11111852. [PMID: 31717678 PMCID: PMC6918140 DOI: 10.3390/polym11111852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lightweight, high-strength and electrically conductive poly(butylene succinate) (PBS)/ carbon black (CB) nanocomposite foams with a density of 0.107–0.344 g/cm3 were successfully fabricated by a solid-state supercritical CO2 (ScCO2) foaming process. The morphology, thermal and dynamic mechanical properties, and rheological behavior of the PBS/CB nanocomposites were studied. The results indicate that the CB nanofiller was well dispersed in the PBS matrix and the presence of a proper CB nanofiller can accelerate the rate of crystallization, improve the thermal stability, enhance the stiffness, and increase the complex viscosity of PBS/CB nanocomposites. These improved properties were found to play an important role in the foaming process. The results from foaming experiments showed that the PBS/CB nanocomposite foams had a much smaller cell size, a higher cell density, and a more uniform cell morphology as compared to neat PBS foams. Furthermore, the PBS/CB nanocomposite foams also possessed low density (0.107–0.344 g/cm3), good electrical conductivity (~0.45 S/cm at 1.87 vol % CB loading), and improved compressive strength (108% increase), which enables them to be used as lightweight and high-strength functional materials.
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17
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Yin D, Mi J, Zhou H, Wang X, Fu H. Microcellular foaming behaviors of chain extended poly (butylene succinate)/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane composite induced by isothermal crystallization. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Li Y, Mi J, Fu H, Zhou H, Wang X. Nanocellular Foaming Behaviors of Chain-Extended Poly(lactic acid) Induced by Isothermal Crystallization. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:12512-12523. [PMID: 31460371 PMCID: PMC6682135 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the fabrication of semicrystalline polymer foams with a nanocellular structure by supercritical fluids has been becoming a newly developing research hotspot, owing to their peculiar properties and prospective applications. In this work, a facile and effective isothermal crystallization-induced method was proposed to prepare nanocellular semicrystalline poly(lactic acid) (PLA) foams using CO2 as a physical blowing agent. Styrene-acrylonitrile-glycidyl methacrylate (SAG) as a chain extender (CE) was introduced into PLA through a melt-mixing method to improve the crystallization behavior and melt viscoelasticity of PLA. The chain extension reaction between PLA and SAG occurred successfully as well as the branching and micro cross-linking structures were generated in chain-extended PLA (CPLA) samples, which were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectra, gel fraction, and intrinsic viscosity measurements. Owing to the nucleation effect of branching points and the restricted movement of PLA molecular chains by the formation of branching and/or microcross-linking structures, a large number of small spherocrystals were generated in CPLA samples, which was beneficial to produce nanocells. Nanocellular CPLA foams were prepared successfully, when the foaming temperature was 125 °C. As the SAG content increased, the cell size of various PLA foams decreased from 364 ± 198 to 249 ± 100 nm and their volume expansion ratio increased from 1.15 ± 0.05 to 2.22 ± 0.01 times, gradually. When the foaming temperature increased from 125 to 127 °C, an interesting transition from nanocells to microcells could be observed in CPLA foam with the CE content of 2 wt %. Finally, the formation mechanism of nanocells in various PLA foams was proposed and clarified using a schematic diagram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- School of Materials
and Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Technology
and Business University, Beijing 100048, People’s Republic
of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology
for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing 100048, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Jianguo Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic
Composites, Beijing University of Chemical
Technology, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Hai Fu
- School of Material and Architectural Engineering, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongfu Zhou
- School of Materials
and Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Technology
and Business University, Beijing 100048, People’s Republic
of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology
for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing 100048, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- School of Materials
and Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Technology
and Business University, Beijing 100048, People’s Republic
of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology
for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing 100048, People’s
Republic of China
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19
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Liu Z, Hu J, Gao F, Cao H, Zhou Q, Wang X. Biodegradable and resilient poly (propylene carbonate) based foam from high pressure CO2 foaming. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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20
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Tang T, Zhu J, Wang W, Ni H. Morphology, thermal, and crystallization properties of poly(butylene succinate)‐grafted Nanocrystalline Cellulose by polymerization
in situ. POLYM ENG SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials & Remediation TechnologyChongqing University of Arts and Sciences Chongqing China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials & Remediation TechnologyChongqing University of Arts and Sciences Chongqing China
| | - Wentao Wang
- College of Materials and Chemical EngineeringChongqing University of Arts and Sciences Chongqing China
| | - Haitao Ni
- College of Materials and Chemical EngineeringChongqing University of Arts and Sciences Chongqing China
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21
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Song J, Zhou H, Wang X, Zhang Y, Mi J. Role of chain extension in the rheological properties, crystallization behaviors, and microcellular foaming performances of poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate). J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingsi Song
- School of Materials and Mechanical Engineering; Beijing Technology and Business University; Beijing 100048 People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics; Beijing 100048 People's Republic of China
| | - Hongfu Zhou
- School of Materials and Mechanical Engineering; Beijing Technology and Business University; Beijing 100048 People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics; Beijing 100048 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- School of Materials and Mechanical Engineering; Beijing Technology and Business University; Beijing 100048 People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics; Beijing 100048 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxia Zhang
- School of Materials and Mechanical Engineering; Beijing Technology and Business University; Beijing 100048 People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics; Beijing 100048 People's Republic of China
| | - Jianguo Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
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22
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Chain extension of poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) and its microcellular foaming behaviors. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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Zhou H, Song J, Ding X, Qu Z, Wang X, Mi J, Wang J. Cellular morphology evolution of chain extended poly(butylene succinate)/organic montmorillonite nanocomposite foam. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical EngineeringBeijing Technology and Business University Beijing, 100048 People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing, 100048 People's Republic of China
| | - J. Song
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical EngineeringBeijing Technology and Business University Beijing, 100048 People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing, 100048 People's Republic of China
| | - X. Ding
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical EngineeringBeijing Technology and Business University Beijing, 100048 People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing, 100048 People's Republic of China
| | - Z. Qu
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical EngineeringBeijing Technology and Business University Beijing, 100048 People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing, 100048 People's Republic of China
| | - X. Wang
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical EngineeringBeijing Technology and Business University Beijing, 100048 People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing, 100048 People's Republic of China
| | - J. Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic‐Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing, 100029 People's Republic of China
| | - J. Wang
- Applied Chemistry DepartmentYuncheng University Yuncheng, 044000 People's Republic of China
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24
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Polyethylene glycol: An effective agent for isocyanate-based polyimide foams with enhanced foaming behavior and flexibility. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008318801906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of polyimide foam materials were prepared via one-step process, and the effect of polyethylene glycol on the morphology and properties of the foams was investigated. The results showed that the mean cellular diameter increased from 0.49 to 0.57 mm with the increase of polyethylene glycol content. Meanwhile, with the addition of polyethylene glycol, the tensile strength of polyimide foams increased from 18 to 23 kPa. It was proved that the foaming behavior and flexibility of polyimide foams were greatly improved due to the introduction of polyethylene glycol. As a kind of chain extender, polyethylene glycol reacted with isocyanate to form the flexible urethane segment, which improved the flexibility of polyimide molecular chain and promoted foaming behavior. In addition, all the foams exhibited fine thermal stability with temperature at 5% weight loss of about 350°C. The limiting oxygen index values of the prepared polyimide foams decreased with the increase of polyethylene glycol content, while the heat release rate increased, indicating certain decrease of the flame retardant properties. However, the fine cell structure can still be observed under the residual carbon structure after the burning, indicating fine flame retardancy.
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25
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Zhang S, Xu Y, Wang P, Peng X, Zeng J. Fabrication-controlled morphology of poly(butylene succinate) nano-microcellular foams by supercritical CO2. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuidong Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Automotive; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering (Sichuan University); Chengdu 610640 China
- Tianjin Fire Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security; Tianjin 300381 China
| | - Yue Xu
- College of Mechanical and Automotive; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Mechanical and Automotive; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China
| | - Xiangfang Peng
- College of Mechanical and Automotive; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China
| | - Jianbing Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southwest University; Chongqing 400715 China
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26
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A cooling and two-step depressurization foaming approach for the preparation of modified HDPE foam with complex cellular structure. J Supercrit Fluids 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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27
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Feng Z, Luo Y, Hong Y, Wu J, Zhu J, Li H, Qi R, Jiang P. Preparation of Enhanced Poly(butylene succinate) Foams. POLYM ENG SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengming Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Yu Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Yuzhuo Hong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Jiawei Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Jian Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Haibo Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Rongrong Qi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Pingkai Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200240 China
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28
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Vandesteene M, Jacquel N, Saint-Loup R, Boucard N, Carrot C, Rousseau A, Fenouillot F. Synthesis of branched poly(butylene succinate): Structure properties relationship. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-016-1805-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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