1
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Pang X, Zhang W, Meng Y, Ma M, Xu J. Effect of expansion temperature on the properties of expanded graphite and modified linear low density polyethylene. INT POLYM PROC 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ipp-2022-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
To study the influence of expansion temperature on the properties of expanded graphite (EBG), EBG300, EBG600, and EBG900 were prepared by heating expandable graphite (EG) at 300, 600, and 900 °C, respectively. Furthermore, the influence of these EBGs on the combustion performance and physical-mechanical properties of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) were investigated. The expansion volumes of EBG300, EBG600, and EBG900 increase with the rise of temperature, and a four-stage ordered structure of “graphite worm” gradually forms. The thermal stability increases gradually for EBG300, EBG600, and EBG900. On the contrary, the thermal conductivity decreases in sequence. However, the incorporation of EBG900 promotes the formation of a continuous network structure and makes the modified LLDPE to present the best heat transmission. The addition of 30 wt% of these EBGs significantly improves LLDPE’s flame retardancy and high-temperature thermal stability. The total heat release, the peak value of heat release rate, and the fire growth index of 70LLDPE/30EBG300 reduce by 69, 91, and 87% respectively, while the effective fire performance index improves seven times. The addition of these additives reduces the tensile strength and elongation at break, the larger the EBG size, the more obvious the effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyan Pang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science , Hebei University , Wusi East Road No. 180 , Baoding , 071002 , P. R. China
- Flame Retardant Material and Processing Technology Engineering Technology Research Center of Hebei Province; Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province , Hebei University , Baoding , P. R. China
| | - Wenyu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science , Hebei University , Wusi East Road No. 180 , Baoding , 071002 , P. R. China
| | - Yafang Meng
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science , Hebei University , Wusi East Road No. 180 , Baoding , 071002 , P. R. China
| | - Meifang Ma
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science , Hebei University , Wusi East Road No. 180 , Baoding , 071002 , P. R. China
| | - Jianzhong Xu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science , Hebei University , Wusi East Road No. 180 , Baoding , 071002 , P. R. China
- Flame Retardant Material and Processing Technology Engineering Technology Research Center of Hebei Province; Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province , Hebei University , Baoding , P. R. China
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2
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Guo J, Zhou Z, Ming Q, Sun D, Li F, Xi J, Wu Q, Yang J, Xia Q, Zhao X. Recovering chemical sludge from the zero liquid discharge system of flue gas desulfurization wastewater as flame retardants by a stepwise precipitation process. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 417:126054. [PMID: 33992018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a five-stage stepwise precipitation process, including pre-sedimentation, magnesium removal, gypsum precipitation, ettringite precipitation and calcium removal, was proposed as a softening pretreatment for zero liquid discharge system for flue gas desulfurization wastewater. Batch tests and long-term bench-scale experiment showed that magnesium, sulfate and calcium were efficiently removed with efficiencies all above 98.0%, leaving a clean effluent majorly containing NaCl and NaOH. The precipitated CaSO4, CaCO3, Mg(OH)2 and ettringite were completely separated by stepwise precipitation, and the purity of Mg(OH)2 and ettringite were further enhanced by washing and soaking treatment. CaSO4 and CaCO3 can be directly recycled as gypsum product and desulfurizing agent within the power plant, while Mg(OH)2 and ettringite presented proper particle size and excellent thermal properties as a synergistic flame retardant. The flame retardancy of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer were greatly improved when blended with recovered Mg(OH)2 and ettringite, and possessed better performance by blending them together because ettringite could act as a dispersing and compatible agent of Mg(OH)2, and relieve the intensity of smoke releasing. Chemical sludge recovery compensates the total cost of the five-stage process by 45.0%, and makes the process technically versatile, economically beneficial and environmentally friendly without solid waste production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Guo
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy - Saving in Heat Exchange Systems, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy - Saving in Heat Exchange Systems, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Qiang Ming
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy - Saving in Heat Exchange Systems, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Dongqi Sun
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy - Saving in Heat Exchange Systems, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Fei Li
- Nantong Power Plant, Huaneng International Power Jiangsu Energy Development Co., Ltd., Nantong 226003, China
| | - Jiafu Xi
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy - Saving in Heat Exchange Systems, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Nantong Power Plant, Huaneng International Power Jiangsu Energy Development Co., Ltd., Nantong 226003, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Nantong Power Plant, Huaneng International Power Jiangsu Energy Development Co., Ltd., Nantong 226003, China
| | - Qing Xia
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy - Saving in Heat Exchange Systems, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Xiaodan Zhao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy - Saving in Heat Exchange Systems, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
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3
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Xu J, Wu Y, Zhang B, Zhang G. Synthesis and synergistic flame‐retardant effects of rigid polyurethane foams used reactive
DOPO
‐based polyols combination with expandable graphite. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingshui Xu
- Shantou Guangyou‐Malion New Materials Research Institute Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology Maoming China
| | - Yuqiang Wu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China
| | - Bangling Zhang
- Shantou Guangyou‐Malion New Materials Research Institute Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology Maoming China
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering Tianjin University of Technology and Education Tianjin China
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4
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Chen C, Zhou Y, He W, Gao C, Chen X, Guo J, Wang M. Flammability, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of ethylene‐propylene‐diene monomer/polypropylene composites filled with intumescent flame retardant and inorganic synergists. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Can Chen
- College of Materials and Metallurgy Guizhou University Guiyang China
| | - Ying Zhou
- College of Materials and Metallurgy Guizhou University Guiyang China
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials Guiyang China
| | - Weidi He
- College of Materials and Metallurgy Guizhou University Guiyang China
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials Guiyang China
| | - Chengtao Gao
- College of Materials and Metallurgy Guizhou University Guiyang China
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials Guiyang China
| | - Xiaolang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technology Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu China
| | - Jianbing Guo
- College of Materials and Metallurgy Guizhou University Guiyang China
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials Guiyang China
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
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5
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Wang C, Hong L, Tian C. Preparation and properties of flame‐retardant damping polyurethane and its application in floating deck. POLYM ENG SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Congying Wang
- Department of ChemistryCollege of Science, Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Hong
- Department of ChemistryCollege of Science, Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 People's Republic of China
| | - Caiyun Tian
- Department of ChemistryCollege of Science, Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 People's Republic of China
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6
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He WD, Zhou Y, Wu YF, Guo JB, Chen XL, Zhang X. The Effect of Ultraviolet Ageing on the Flame Retardancy, Thermal Stability and Mechanical Properties of LGFPP/IFR. INT POLYM PROC 2019. [DOI: 10.3139/217.3707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this work, long glass fibre reinforced polypropylene/intumescent flame retardants (LGFPP/IFR) composites are exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation with wavelength of 340 nm for 0–800 h. The effects of UV ageing on the flame retardancy, thermal stability and mechanical properties of LGFPP/IFR composites are investigated and discussed by limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL–94 test, cone calorimeter test (CCT), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), mechanical properties and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). A slight variation in LOI values and UL-94 levels are observed, and CCT results display a lower heat release rate for all aged samples. The TGA result also shows that aged samples have a higher degradation temperature with the prolongation of the aging time. EDAX showed higher content of the O, P and N elements on the surface of samples after 600 h ageing, which means partly gathering of IFR particles. The tensile, bending and impact strengths decrease after ageing, and the fracture morphology shows that interface debonding occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- W.-D. He
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymeric Materials , Guiyang , PRC
| | - Y. Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymeric Materials , Guiyang , PRC
| | - Y.-F. Wu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technology Ministry of Education , School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu , PRC
| | - J.-B. Guo
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymeric Materials , Guiyang , PRC
| | - X.-L. Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technology Ministry of Education , School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu , PRC
| | - X. Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymeric Materials , Guiyang , PRC
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7
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Wang H, Cao J, Cao C, Guo Y, Luo F, Qian Q, Huang B, Xiao L, Chen Q. Influence of phosphorus-grafted expandable graphite on the flame-retardant property of UHMWPE composite. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huaming Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering; Fujian Normal University; Fuzhou China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse; Fuzhou China
- Engineering Research Center of Polymer Green Recycling of Ministry of Education; Fuzhou 350007 China
| | - Jingshi Cao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering; Fujian Normal University; Fuzhou China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse; Fuzhou China
- Engineering Research Center of Polymer Green Recycling of Ministry of Education; Fuzhou 350007 China
| | - Changlin Cao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering; Fujian Normal University; Fuzhou China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse; Fuzhou China
- Engineering Research Center of Polymer Green Recycling of Ministry of Education; Fuzhou 350007 China
| | - Yiyou Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering; Fujian Normal University; Fuzhou China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse; Fuzhou China
- Engineering Research Center of Polymer Green Recycling of Ministry of Education; Fuzhou 350007 China
| | - Fubin Luo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering; Fujian Normal University; Fuzhou China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse; Fuzhou China
- Engineering Research Center of Polymer Green Recycling of Ministry of Education; Fuzhou 350007 China
| | - Qingrong Qian
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering; Fujian Normal University; Fuzhou China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse; Fuzhou China
- Engineering Research Center of Polymer Green Recycling of Ministry of Education; Fuzhou 350007 China
| | - Baoquan Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering; Fujian Normal University; Fuzhou China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse; Fuzhou China
- Engineering Research Center of Polymer Green Recycling of Ministry of Education; Fuzhou 350007 China
| | - Liren Xiao
- Engineering Research Center of Polymer Green Recycling of Ministry of Education; Fuzhou 350007 China
| | - Qinghua Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering; Fujian Normal University; Fuzhou China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse; Fuzhou China
- Engineering Research Center of Polymer Green Recycling of Ministry of Education; Fuzhou 350007 China
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8
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He W, Li L, Zhou D, Chen X, Guo J. Influence of natural ageing on the flame retardancy and thermal properties of intumescent flame retardant long glass fibre reinforced polypropylene composites. POLYM ENG SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weidi He
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymeric Materials; Guiyang, 550014 China
| | - Lingtong Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technology Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering; Southwest Jiaotong University; Chengdu 610031 China
| | - Dengfeng Zhou
- School of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering; Guizhou Institute of Technology; Guiyang 550003 China
| | - Xiaolang Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymeric Materials; Guiyang, 550014 China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technology Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering; Southwest Jiaotong University; Chengdu 610031 China
| | - Jianbing Guo
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymeric Materials; Guiyang, 550014 China
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9
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Pang XY, Chang R, Weng MQ. Halogen-free flame retarded rigid polyurethane foam: The influence of titanium dioxide modified expandable graphite and ammonium polyphosphate on flame retardancy and thermal stability. POLYM ENG SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Yan Pang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science; Hebei University; Baoding 071002 China
- Flame Retardant Material and Processing Technology Engineering Technology Research Center of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province; Hebei University; Baoding 071002 China
| | - Ran Chang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science; Hebei University; Baoding 071002 China
| | - Meng-Qi Weng
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science; Hebei University; Baoding 071002 China
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10
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Zhang D, He M, He W, Zhou Y, Qin S, Yu J. Influence of Thermo-Oxidative Ageing on the Thermal and Dynamical Mechanical Properties of Long Glass Fibre-Reinforced Poly(Butylene Terephthalate) Composites Filled with DOPO. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10050500. [PMID: 28772860 PMCID: PMC5459083 DOI: 10.3390/ma10050500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the long glass fibre-reinforced poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) composites filled with 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) were prepared by melt blending, and the influence of thermo-oxidative ageing on the static and dynamic mechanical properties, thermal behaviours and morphology of composites with different ageing time at 120 °C were investigated and analysed. The results showed that the mechanical properties decreased in the primary stage of ageing, while embrittlement occurs in the later period, and the crystallinity of PBT decreases first, and then recovers to some extent. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photos of the samples indicated that the obvious crack appeared on the sample surface and a deeper, broader crack occurred with a longer ageing time. The results of energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) proved the DOPO filler diffused to the sample surface by measuring the content of phosphorus. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) curves showed that the thermal stabilities of composites increased with longer ageing time, as did the values of the limited oxygen index (LOI). Meanwhile, the results of dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) indicated that the glass transition temperature shifted to a higher temperature after ageing due to the effect of crosslinking, and both the crosslinking and degradation of PBT molecular chains act as the main factors in the whole process of thermo-oxidative ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daohai Zhang
- Department of Polymer Material and Engineering, College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymeric Materials, Guiyang 550014, China.
| | - Min He
- Department of Polymer Material and Engineering, College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymeric Materials, Guiyang 550014, China.
| | - Weidi He
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymeric Materials, Guiyang 550014, China.
| | - Ying Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymeric Materials, Guiyang 550014, China.
| | - Shuhao Qin
- Department of Polymer Material and Engineering, College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymeric Materials, Guiyang 550014, China.
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Polymer Material and Engineering, College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymeric Materials, Guiyang 550014, China.
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11
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Qi F, Tang M, Wang N, Liu N, Chen X, Zhang Z, Zhang K, Lu X. Efficient organic–inorganic intumescent interfacial flame retardants to prepare flame retarded polypropylene with excellent performance. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra04232a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient and simple approach for the preparation of organic–inorganic intumescent interfacial flame retardants, aiming at enhancing the flame-retardant efficiency and interfacial adhesion between matrix and flame retardants was presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Qi
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technology Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu 610031
- China
| | - Mengqi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technology Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu 610031
- China
| | - Na Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technology Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu 610031
- China
| | - Nian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technology Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu 610031
- China
| | - Xiaolang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technology Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu 610031
- China
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu 610031
- China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technology Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu 610031
- China
| | - Xiong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technology Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu 610031
- China
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