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Mahović Poljaček S, Priselac D, Tomašegović T, Leskovac M, Šoster A, Stanković Elesini U. Quantitative Analysis of Morphology and Surface Properties of Poly(lactic acid)/Poly(ε-caprolactone)/Hydrophilic Nano-Silica Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1739. [PMID: 38932088 PMCID: PMC11207708 DOI: 10.3390/polym16121739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A quantitative analysis of the morphology, as well as an analysis of the distribution of components and surface/interfacial properties in poly(lactic acid)(PLA) InegoTM 3251D, poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) Capa 6800 and nano-silica (SiO2) Aerosil®200 blends, was conducted in this research. The study aimed to improve the understanding of how PLA, PCL, and nano-SiO2 interact, resulting in the specific morphology and surface properties of the blends. Samples were produced by varying the concentration of all three components. They were analyzed using SEM, EDS mapping, water contact angle measurements, surface free energy calculation, adhesion parameter measurements, and FTIR-ATR spectroscopy. The results showed that the addition of SiO2 nanoparticles led to an increase in the contact angle of water, making the surface more hydrophobic. SEM images of the blends showed that increasing the PCL content reduced the size of spherical PCL elements in the blends. FTIR-ATR analysis showed that SiO2 nanoparticles influenced the structure ordering of PLA in the blend with equal portions of PLA and PCL. In the samples with a higher PCL content, the spherical elements present in the samples with a higher PLA/PCL ratio have been reduced, indicating better interactions at the interface between PLA, PCL, and SiO2. SEM-EDS mapping of the PLA/PCL 100/0 blend surfaces revealed the presence of SiO2 clusters and the silicon (Si) concentration reaching up to ten times higher than the nominal concentration of SiO2. However, with the addition of 3% SiO2 to the blend containing PCL, the structure became more granular. Specifically, Si protrusions in the sample PLA/PCL 90/10 with 3% SiO2 displayed 29.25% of Si, and the sample PLA/PCL 70/30 with 3% SiO2 displayed an average of 10.61% of Si at the protrusion locations. The results confirmed the affinity of SiO2 to be encapsulated by PCL. A better understanding of the interactions between the materials in the presented blends and the quantitative analysis of their morphology could improve the understanding of their properties and allow the optimization of their application for different purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dino Priselac
- Faculty of Graphic Arts, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | | | - Mirela Leskovac
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Aleš Šoster
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.Š.); (U.S.E.)
| | - Urška Stanković Elesini
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.Š.); (U.S.E.)
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Sachan R, Warkar SG, Purwar R. An overview on synthesis, properties and applications of polycaprolactone copolymers, blends & composites. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2022.2113890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Radha Sachan
- Discipline of Polymer Science and Chemical Technology, Department of Applied Chemistry, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
| | - Sudhir G. Warkar
- Discipline of Polymer Science and Chemical Technology, Department of Applied Chemistry, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
| | - Roli Purwar
- Discipline of Polymer Science and Chemical Technology, Department of Applied Chemistry, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
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Mahović Poljaček S, Priselac D, Tomašegović T, Elesini US, Leskovšek M, Leskovac M. Effect of the Addition of Nano-Silica and Poly(ε-caprolactone) on the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Poly(lactic acid) Blends and Possible Application in Embossing Process. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14224861. [PMID: 36432988 PMCID: PMC9693381 DOI: 10.3390/polym14224861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the mechanical and thermal properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) blends with an addition of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and fumed silica (SiO2) were evaluated to research the possibility of their use as relief printing plates for embossing processes. PCL and nano-silica were added to the PLA matrix at different concentrations. Morphological, thermal and mechanical analyses were performed to determine the properties and possible functional characteristics of the studied blends. SEM micrographs showed that unmodified PLA/PCL blends exhibit a morphology typical of incompatible blends with clearly visible spherical domains of dispersed PCL in PLA. In particular, the results of the hardness tests showed that the selected blends have the optimal hardness (between 65 SH D and 75 SH D) for use in the embossing process. The tensile tests showed that the addition of nano-silica to neat PLA and to the PLA/PCL blends 50/50 and 60/40 improved the mechanical properties of the blends, especially stiffness and toughness. The DMA results showed that the addition of smaller amounts of SiO2 can contribute to an increase in storage modulus, which is due to good dispersion and distribution of SiO2 in the matrix. DSC analysis showed that the addition of PCL to PLA polymer increased the thermal stability of PLA and that the addition of nano-silica increased the degree of crystallinity of PLA. The TGA results showed that the addition of nano-silica improved the thermal degradation behavior of the studied blends, especially for blends modified with 3 wt% nano-silica. The results show that it is possible to optimize the mechanical and thermal properties of the blends with the aim of using them in the embossing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Mahović Poljaček
- Faculty of Graphic Arts, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: (S.M.P.); (D.P.); (T.T.)
| | - Dino Priselac
- Faculty of Graphic Arts, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: (S.M.P.); (D.P.); (T.T.)
| | - Tamara Tomašegović
- Faculty of Graphic Arts, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: (S.M.P.); (D.P.); (T.T.)
| | - Urška Stanković Elesini
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva Cesta 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mirjam Leskovšek
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva Cesta 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mirela Leskovac
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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The Use of Baikal Psychrophilic Actinobacteria for Synthesis of Biologically Active Natural Products from Sawdust Waste. FERMENTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8050213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the relevant areas in microbiology and biotechnology is the study of microorganisms that induce the destruction of different materials, buildings, and machines and lead to negative effects. At the same time, the positive ecological effects of degradation can be explained by the detoxication of industrial and agricultural wastes, chemical substances, petroleum products, xenobiotics, pesticides, and other chemical pollutants. Many of these industrial wastes include hard-to-degrade components, such as lignocellulose or plastics. The biosynthesis of natural products based on the transformation of lignocellulosic wastes is of particular interest. One of the world’s unique ecosystems is presented by Lake Baikal. This ecosystem is characterized by the highest level of biodiversity, low temperatures, and a high purity of the water. Here, we studied the ability of several psychrophilic representatives of Baikal Actinobacteria to grow on sawdust wastes and transform them into bioactive natural products. Different strains of both widely spread genus of Actinobacteria and rare genera of Actinobacteria were tested. We used the LC-MS methods to show that Actinobacteria living in sawmill wastes can produce both known and novel natural products with antibiotic activity. We demonstrated that the type of sawmill wastes and their concentration influence the Actinobacteria biosynthetic potential. We have shown for the first time that the use of Baikal psychrophilic microorganisms as a factory for biodegradation is applicable for the transformation of lignocellulosic wastes. Thus, the development of techniques for screening novel natural products leads to an elaboration on the active ingredients for novel drugs.
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Qiu H, Feng K, Gapeeva A, Meurisch K, Kaps S, Li X, Yu L, Mishra YK, Adelung R, Baum M. Functional Polymer Materials for Modern Marine Biofouling Control. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Mahović Poljaček S, Priselac D, Stanković Elesini U, Leskovšek M, Leskovac M. Preparation, properties, and laser processing of poly(ɛ‐caprolactone)/poly(lactic acid) blends with addition of natural fibers as a potential for printing plates application. POLYM ENG SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dino Priselac
- Faculty of Graphic Arts University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| | | | - Mirjam Leskovšek
- Faculty of Natural Science and Engineering University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Mirela Leskovac
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
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Pavon C, Aldas M, López-Martínez J, Hernández-Fernández J, Arrieta MP. Films Based on Thermoplastic Starch Blended with Pine Resin Derivatives for Food Packaging. Foods 2021; 10:1171. [PMID: 34071084 PMCID: PMC8224774 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Completely biobased and biodegradable thermoplastic starch (TPS) based materials with a tunable performance were prepared for food packaging applications. Five blends were prepared by blending TPS with 10 wt%. of different pine resins derivatives: gum rosin (GR), disproportionated gum rosin (RD), maleic anhydride-modified gum rosin (CM), pentaerythritol ester of gum rosin (LF), and glycerol ester of gum rosin (UG). The materials were characterized in terms of thermo-mechanical behavior, surface wettability, color performance, water absorption, X-ray diffraction pattern, and disintegration under composting conditions. It was determined that pine resin derivatives increase the hydrophobicity of TPS and also increase the elastic component of TPS which stiffen the TPS structure. The water uptake study revealed that GR and LF were able to decrease the water absorption of TPS, while the rest of the resins kept the water uptake ability. X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that GR, CM, and RD restrain the aging of TPS after 24 months of aging. Finally, all TPS-resin blends were disintegrated under composting conditions during the thermophilic incubation period (90 days). Because of the TPS-resin blend's performance, the prepared materials are suitable for biodegradable rigid food packaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Pavon
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (M.A.); (J.L.-M.)
| | - Miguel Aldas
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (M.A.); (J.L.-M.)
- Departamento de Ciencia de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería Química y Agroindustria, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito 170517, Ecuador
| | - Juan López-Martínez
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (M.A.); (J.L.-M.)
| | - Joaquín Hernández-Fernández
- Research Group in Polymer Science, Engineering and Sustainability, Esenttia, Mamonal Industrial Zona, km. 8, Cartagena 130013, Colombia;
- Department of Natural and Exact Sciences, Universidad de la Costa, Calle 58 # 55–66, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
| | - Marina Patricia Arrieta
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química Industrial y del Medio Ambiente, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (ETSII-UPM), Calle José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
- Grupo de Investigación: Polímeros, Caracterización y Aplicaciones (POLCA), 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Films Based on Mater-Bi ® Compatibilized with Pine Resin Derivatives: Optical, Barrier, and Disintegration Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13091506. [PMID: 34067087 PMCID: PMC8124954 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mater-Bi® NF866 (MB) was blended with gum rosin and two pentaerythritol esters of gum rosin (labeled as LF and UT), as additives, to produce biobased and compostable films for food packaging or agricultural mulch films. The films were prepared by blending MB with 5, 10, and 15 wt.% of each additive. The obtained films were characterized by optical, colorimetric, wettability, and oxygen barrier properties. Moreover, the additives and the MB-based films were disintegrated under composting conditions and the effect of each additive on the biodegradation rate was studied. All films were homogeneous and optically transparent. The color of the films tended to yellow tones due to the addition of pine resin derivatives. All the formulated films presented a complete UV-transmittance blocking effect in the UVA and UVB region, and those with 5 wt.% of pine resin derivatives increased the MB hydrophobicity. Low amounts of resins tend to maintain the oxygen transmission rate (OTR) values of the neat MB, due to its good solubilizing and compatibilizing effects. The disintegration under composting conditions test revealed that gum rosin completely disintegrates in about 90 days, while UT degrades 80% and LF degrades 5%, over 180 days of incubation. As expected, the same tendency was obtained for the disintegration of the studied films, although Mater-Bi® reach 28% of disintegrability over the 180 days of the composting test.
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Prakash A, Lata R, Martens PJ, Rohindra D. Characterization and
in‐vitro
analysis of poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐“Jackfruit” Mucilage blends for tissue engineering applications. POLYM ENG SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anshu Prakash
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science Technology and Environment The University of the South Pacific Suva Fiji
| | - Roselyn Lata
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science Technology and Environment The University of the South Pacific Suva Fiji
| | - Penny J. Martens
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering UNSW Sydney (The University of New South Wales) Sydney Australia
| | - David Rohindra
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science Technology and Environment The University of the South Pacific Suva Fiji
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Improvement of PBAT Processability and Mechanical Performance by Blending with Pine Resin Derivatives for Injection Moulding Rigid Packaging with Enhanced Hydrophobicity. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12122891. [PMID: 33276625 PMCID: PMC7761566 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT) is a biodegradable polymer with good features for packaging applications. However, the mechanical performance and high prices of PBAT limit its current usage at the commercial level. To improve the properties and reduce the cost of PBAT, pine resin derivatives, gum rosin (GR) and pentaerythritol ester of GR (UT), were proposed as sustainable additives. For this purpose, PBAT was blended with 5, 10, and 15 wt.% of additives by melt-extrusion followed by injection moulding. The overall performance of the formulations was assessed by tensile test, microstructural, thermal, and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. The results showed that although good miscibility of both resins with PBAT matrix was achieved, GR in 10 wt.% showed better interfacial adhesion with the PBAT matrix than UT. The thermal characterization suggested that GR and UT reduce PBAT melting enthalpy and enhance its thermal stability, improving PBAT processability. A 10 wt.% of GR significantly increased the tensile properties of PBAT, while a 15 wt.% of UT maintained PBAT tensile performance. The obtained materials showed higher hydrophobicity than neat PBAT. Thus, GR and UT demonstrated that they are advantageous additives for PBAT–resin compounding for rigid food packaging which are easy to process and adequate for industrial scalability. At the same time, they enhance its mechanical and hydrophobic performance.
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Chang R, Lata R, Rohindra D. Study of mechanical, enzymatic degradation and antimicrobial properties of poly(butylene succinate)/pine-resin blends. Polym Bull (Berl) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-019-02938-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Pavon C, Aldas M, López-Martínez J, Ferrándiz S. New Materials for 3D-Printing Based on Polycaprolactone with Gum Rosin and Beeswax as Additives. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12020334. [PMID: 32033300 PMCID: PMC7077448 DOI: 10.3390/polym12020334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, different materials for three-dimensional (3D)-printing were studied, which based on polycaprolactone with two natural additives, gum rosin, and beeswax. During the 3D-printing process, the bed and extrusion temperatures of each formulation were established. After, the obtained materials were characterized by mechanical, thermal, and structural properties. The results showed that the formulation with containing polycaprolactone with a mixture of gum rosin and beeswax as additive behaved better during the 3D-printing process. Moreover, the miscibility and compatibility between the additives and the matrix were concluded through the thermal assessment. The mechanical characterization established that the addition of the mixture of gum rosin and beeswax provides greater tensile strength than those additives separately, facilitating 3D-printing. In contrast, the addition of beeswax increased the ductility of the material, which makes the 3D-printing processing difficult. Despite the fact that both natural additives had a plasticizing effect, the formulations containing gum rosin showed greater elongation at break. Finally, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy assessment deduced that polycaprolactone interacts with the functional groups of the additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Pavon
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales, Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y de Materiales, Universitat Politècnica de València, Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell s/n, 03801 Alcoi, Spain; (J.L.-M.); (S.F.)
- Correspondence: (C.P.); (M.A.); Tel.: +34-644-343-735 (C.P.); +593-999-736-444 (M.A.)
| | - Miguel Aldas
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales, Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y de Materiales, Universitat Politècnica de València, Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell s/n, 03801 Alcoi, Spain; (J.L.-M.); (S.F.)
- Departamento de Ciencia de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería Química y Agroindustria, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, 170517 Quito, Ecuador
- Correspondence: (C.P.); (M.A.); Tel.: +34-644-343-735 (C.P.); +593-999-736-444 (M.A.)
| | - Juan López-Martínez
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales, Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y de Materiales, Universitat Politècnica de València, Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell s/n, 03801 Alcoi, Spain; (J.L.-M.); (S.F.)
| | - Santiago Ferrándiz
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales, Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y de Materiales, Universitat Politècnica de València, Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell s/n, 03801 Alcoi, Spain; (J.L.-M.); (S.F.)
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