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Roy R, Khan J, Pradhan K, Nayak P, Sarkar A, Nandi S, Ghosh S, Ram H, Ghosh S. Short Peptoid Evolved from the Key Hydrophobic Stretch of Amyloid-β42 Peptide Serves as a Potent Therapeutic Lead of Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:246-260. [PMID: 36583718 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β 42(Aβ42), an enzymatically cleaved (1-42 amino acid long) toxic peptide remnant, has long been reported to play the key role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aβ42 also plays the key role in the onset of other AD-related factors including hyperphosphorylation of tau protein that forms intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, imbalances in the function of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, and even generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), disrupting the cytoskeleton and homeostasis of the cell. To address these issues, researchers have tried to construct several strategies to target multiple aspects of the disease but failed to produce any clinically successful therapeutic molecules. In this article, we report a new peptoid called RA-1 that was designed and constructed from the hydrophobic stretch of the Aβ42 peptide, 16KLVFFA21. This hydrophobic stretch is primarily responsible for the Aβ42 peptide aggregation. Experimental study showed that the RA-1 peptoid is stable under proteolytic conditions, can stabilize the microtubule, and can inhibit the formation of toxic Aβ42 aggregates by attenuating hydrophobic interactions between Aβ42 monomers. Furthermore, results from various intracellular assays showed that RA-1 inhibits Aβ42 fibril formation caused by the imbalance in AchE activity, reduces the production of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), and promotes neurite outgrowth even in the toxic environment. Remarkably, we have also demonstrated that our peptoid has significant ability to improve the cognitive ability and memory impairment in in vivo rats exposed to AlCl3 and d-galactose (d-gal) dementia model. These findings are also validated with histological studies. Overall, our newly developed peptoid emerges as a multimodal potent therapeutic lead molecule against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajsekhar Roy
- Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, NH 65, Surpura Bypass Road, Karwar, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342037, India
| | - Juhee Khan
- Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, NH 65, Surpura Bypass Road, Karwar, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342037, India.,Organic and Medicinal Chemistry and Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Krishnangsu Pradhan
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry and Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Prasunpriya Nayak
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Basni, Phase II, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342005, India
| | - Ankan Sarkar
- Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, NH 65, Surpura Bypass Road, Karwar, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342037, India
| | - Subhadra Nandi
- Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, NH 65, Surpura Bypass Road, Karwar, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342037, India
| | - Surojit Ghosh
- Interdisciplinary Research Platform, Smart Health Care, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, NH65, Nagaur Road, Karwar, Jodhpur 342037, India
| | - Heera Ram
- Department of Zoology, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342001, India
| | - Surajit Ghosh
- Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, NH 65, Surpura Bypass Road, Karwar, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342037, India.,Organic and Medicinal Chemistry and Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India.,Interdisciplinary Research Platform, Smart Health Care, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, NH65, Nagaur Road, Karwar, Jodhpur 342037, India
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Breaker peptides against amyloid-β aggregation: a potential therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease. Future Med Chem 2021; 13:1767-1794. [PMID: 34498978 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2021-0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, for which blocking the early steps of extracellular misfolded amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation is a promising therapeutic approach. However, the pathological features of AD progression include the accumulation of intracellular tau protein, membrane-catalyzed cell death and the abnormal deposition of Aβ. Here, we focus on anti-amyloid breaker peptides derived from the Aβ sequence and non-Aβ-based peptides containing both natural and modified amino acids. Critical aspects of the breaker peptides include N-methylation, conformational restriction through cyclization, incorporation of unnatural amino acid, fluorinated molecules, polymeric nanoparticles and PEGylation. This review confers a general idea of such breaker peptides with in vitro and in vivo studies, which may advance our understanding of AD pathology and develop an effective treatment strategy against AD.
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Savioli M, Antonelli L, Bocchinfuso G, Cavalieri F, Cimino R, Gatto E, Placidi E, Fernandez Masso JR, Garay Perez H, Santana H, Guerra-Vallespi M, Venanzi M. Formulation matters! A spectroscopic and molecular dynamics investigation on the peptide CIGB552 as itself and in its therapeutical formulation. J Pept Sci 2021; 28:e3356. [PMID: 34114297 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic therapeutic peptides (STP) are intensively studied as new-generation drugs, characterized by high purity, biocompatibility, selectivity and stereochemical control. However, most of the studies are focussed on the bioactivity of STP without considering how the formulation actually used for therapy administration could alter the physico-chemical properties of the active principle. The aggregation properties of a 20-mer STP (Ac-His-Ala-Arg-Ile-Lys-D-Pro-Thr-Phe-Arg-Arg-D-Leu-Lys-Trp-Lys-Tyr-Lys-Gly-Lys-Phe-Trp-NH2 ), showing antitumor activity, were investigated by optical spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy imaging, as itself (CIGB552) and in its therapeutic formulation (CIGB552TF). It has found that the therapeutic formulation deeply affects the aggregation properties of the investigated peptide and the morphology of the aggregates formed on mica by deposition of CIGB552 and CIGB552TF millimolar solutions. Molecular dynamics simulations studied the first steps of CIGB552 aggregation under physiological ionic strength conditions (NaCl 150 mM), showing that peptide oligomers, from dimers to tetramers, are preferentially formed in this environment. Interestingly, cell viability assays performed on H-460 cell lines indicate a major antiproliferative activity of the peptide in its therapeutic formulation with respect to the peptide aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Savioli
- PEPSA-LAB, Department of Chemical Sciences and Technology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Antonelli
- PEPSA-LAB, Department of Chemical Sciences and Technology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Bocchinfuso
- PEPSA-LAB, Department of Chemical Sciences and Technology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Cavalieri
- PEPSA-LAB, Department of Chemical Sciences and Technology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rita Cimino
- PEPSA-LAB, Department of Chemical Sciences and Technology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Gatto
- PEPSA-LAB, Department of Chemical Sciences and Technology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Ernesto Placidi
- Department of Physics, University of Rome 'Sapienza', Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Hector Santana
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Mariano Venanzi
- PEPSA-LAB, Department of Chemical Sciences and Technology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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4
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Gorantla N, Sunny LP, Rajasekhar K, Nagaraju PG, CG PP, Govindaraju T, Chinnathambi S. Amyloid-β-Derived Peptidomimetics Inhibits Tau Aggregation. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:11131-11138. [PMID: 34056268 PMCID: PMC8153954 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The aggregation of tau protein is one of the hallmarks for Alzheimer's disease, resulting in neurodegeneration. The peptidomimetics strategy to prevent tau aggregation is more specific over other small molecules. In the present study, we analyzed the effect of amyloid-β-derived peptidomimetics for inhibiting heparin-induced tau aggregation in vitro. These peptides and their derivatives were known to prevent aggregation of amyloid-β. KLVFF is a hydrophobic sequence of the pentapeptide that prevented tau aggregation as observed by thioflavin S fluorescence, transmission electron microscopy, and circular dichroism spectroscopy. P4 and P5 also prevented assembly of tau into aggregates and formed short fibrils. The β-sheet breaker LPFFD was however ineffective in preventing tau aggregation. The peptides further demonstrated reversal of tau-induced cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. Our results suggested that these peptides can also be used to inhibit tau aggregation and also, toxicity induced by tau could be considered as potential molecules that have an effect on tau as well as amyloid-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalini
V. Gorantla
- Neurobiology
Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, 411008 Pune, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 411008 Pune, India
| | - Lisni P. Sunny
- Neurobiology
Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, 411008 Pune, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 411008 Pune, India
| | - Kolla Rajasekhar
- Bioorganic
Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P.O., Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Pramod G. Nagaraju
- Department
of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-CFTRI, 570020 Mysore, India
- Bioorganic
Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P.O., Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Poornima Priyadarshini CG
- Department
of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-CFTRI, 570020 Mysore, India
- Bioorganic
Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P.O., Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Thimmaiah Govindaraju
- Bioorganic
Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P.O., Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Subashchandrabose Chinnathambi
- Neurobiology
Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, 411008 Pune, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 411008 Pune, India
- . Phone: +91-20-25902232. Fax: +91-20-25902648
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Tau/Aβ chimera peptides: A Thioflavin-T and MALDI-TOF study of Aβ amyloidosis in the presence of Cu(II) or Zn(II) ions and total lipid brain extract (TLBE) vesicles. Chem Phys Lipids 2021; 237:105085. [PMID: 33895131 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2021.105085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Currently, Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative condition, with limited therapeutic options. Several factors, like Amyloid β (Aβ) aggregation, tau protein hyperphosphorylation, bio-metals dyshomeostasis and oxidative stress contribute to AD pathogenesis. These pathogenic processes might occur in the aqueous phase but also on neuronal membranes. Thus, investigating the connection between Aβ and biomembranes, becomes important for unveiling the molecular mechanism underlying Aβ amyloidosis as a critical event in AD pathology. In this work, the interaction of two peptides, made up with hybrid sequences from Tau protein 9-16 (EVMEDHAG) or 26-33 (QGGYTMHQ) N-terminal domain and Aβ16-20 (KLVFF) hydrophobic region, with full length Aβ40 or Aβ42 peptides is reported. The studied "chimera" peptides Ac-EVMEDHAGKLVFF-NH2 (τ9-16-KL) and Ac-QGGYTMHQKLVFF-NH2 (τ26-33-KL) are endowed with Aβ recognition and metal ion interaction capabilities provided by the tau or Aβ sequences, respectively. These peptides were characterized in previous study along with their metal dependent interaction and amyloidogenesis, either in the presence or absence of metal ion and artificial membranes made up with Total Lipid Brain Extract (TLBE) components, (Sciacca et al., 2020). In the present paper, the ability of the two peptides to inhibit Aβ aggregation is studied using composite experimental conditions including aqueous solution, the presence of metal ions (Cu or Zn), the presence of lipid vesicles mimicking neuronal membranes as well as the co-presence of metals and TLBE artificial membranes. We used Thioflavine-T (ThT) fluorescence or MALDI-TOF spectrometry analysis of Aβ limited proteolysis to respectively monitor the Aβ aggregation kinetic or validation of the Aβ interacting regions. We demonstrate that τ9-16-KL and τ26-33-KL peptides differently affect Aβ aggregation kinetics, with the tau sequence playing a crucial role. The results are discussed in terms of chimera's peptides hydrophobicity and electrostatic driven interactions at the aqueous/membrane interface.
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Consoli GML, Tosto R, Baglieri A, Petralia S, Campagna T, Di Natale G, Zimbone S, Giuffrida ML, Pappalardo G. Novel Peptide-Calix[4]arene Conjugate Inhibits Aβ Aggregation and Rescues Neurons from Aβ's Oligomers Cytotoxicity In Vitro. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:1449-1462. [PMID: 33844495 PMCID: PMC9535895 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
![]()
Alzheimer’s
disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative
condition affecting people in the elderly. Targeting aggregation of
β-amyloid peptides (Aβ) is considered a promising approach
for the therapeutic treatment of the disease. Peptide based inhibitors
of β-amyloid fibrillation are emerging as safe drug candidates
as well as interesting compounds for early diagnosis of AD. Peptide
conjugation via covalent bond with functional moieties enables the
resultant hybrid system to acquire desired functions. Here we report
the synthesis, the structural characterization, and the Aβ42 interaction of a p-amino-calix[4]arene
derivative bearing a GPGKLVFF peptide pendant at the lower rim. We
demonstrate that the p-amino-calix[4]arene–GPGKLVFF
conjugate alters the Aβ42 aggregation pathways by
preventing Aβ42’s conformational transition
from random coil to β-sheet with concomitant changes of the
aggregation kinetic profile as evidenced by circular dichroism (CD),
thioflavin T (ThT), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements,
respectively. High resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS) confirmed
a direct interaction of the p-amino-calix[4]arene–GPGKLVFF
conjugate with Aβ42 monomer which provided insight
into a possible working mechanism, whereas the alteration of the Aβ42’s fibrillary architecture, by the calix-peptide conjugate,
was further validated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging. Finally,
the herein proposed compound was shown to be effective against Aβ42 oligomers’ toxicity in differentiated neuroblastoma
cells, SH-SY5Y.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rita Tosto
- International PhD School of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
- CNR-Institute of Crystallography, Via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Ausilia Baglieri
- CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Petralia
- Department of Drug Sciences and Health, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Tiziana Campagna
- CNR-Institute of Crystallography, Via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Natale
- CNR-Institute of Crystallography, Via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Stefania Zimbone
- CNR-Institute of Crystallography, Via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
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Pan XJ, Misrani A, Tabassum S, Yang L. Mitophagy pathways and Alzheimer's disease: From pathogenesis to treatment. Mitochondrion 2021; 59:37-47. [PMID: 33872797 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-dependent, incurable mental illness that is associated with the accumulation of aggregates of amyloid-beta (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau fragments (p-tau). Detailed studies on postmortem AD brains, cell lines, and mouse models of AD have shown that numerous cellular alterations, including mitochondrial deficits, synaptic disruption and glial/astrocytic activation, are involved in the disease process. Mitophagy is a cellular process by which damaged/weakened mitochondria are selectively eliminated from the cell. In AD, impairments in mitophagy trigger the gradual accumulation of defective mitochondria. This review will focus on the recent progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms and pathological role of mitophagy and its implications for AD pathogenesis. We will also discuss the novel concept of the regulation of mitophagy as a therapeutic avenue for the prevention and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Ji Pan
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Afzal Misrani
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Sidra Tabassum
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Li Yang
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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