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Somma A, Gialdi G, Bersellini G, Morgante E, Piacentini C, Fossati A. Characterizing vulnerable and grandiose narcissism, Machiavellianism and psychopathy in community-dwelling adult women: The role of cognitive styles, dispositional aggression and deviance, and personality traits. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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The Effects of Temper Traits and Study Method (Full-Time vs. Extramural) on Polish Students’ Adaptability to Online Learning as a Result of COVID-19. A Pilot Study. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132414017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 has forced students to readjust to online learning. The current study aimed to investigate attitudes of Polish students towards online education, relationships between learning preferences and temper traits, and differences in learning preferences among extramural and full-time students. The study recruited 185 college students between May and June 2021. The findings indicated between group differences in learning preferences, with extramural students preferring online education slightly more than full-time students. Two temper traits, briskness and activity, appeared to be significant predictors of positive attitude towards online learning. However, as this was a pilot study, further investigations are recommended.
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Hussenoeder FS, Conrad I, Roehr S, Glaesmer H, Hinz A, Enzenbach C, Engel C, Witte V, Schroeter ML, Loeffler M, Thiery J, Villringer A, Riedel-Heller SG, Rodriguez FS. The association between mental demands at the workplace and cognitive functioning: the role of the big five personality traits. Aging Ment Health 2020; 24:1064-1070. [PMID: 31129995 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2019.1617244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Mental demands at the workplace can be preventive against cognitive decline. However, personality shapes the way information is processed and we therefore assume that Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness, would moderate the beneficial effects of workplace stimulation on cognitive outcomes.Methods: We analyzed data from the population-based LIFE-Adult-Study (n = 6529). Cognitive outcomes were assessed via the Trail-Making Test (TMTA, TMTB) and the Verbal Fluency Test. Personality was assessed via the Personality Adjective List (16 AM). Mental demands were classified with the indices Verbal and Executive based on the O*NET database.Results: Multivariate regression analyses showed only two significant moderation effects of personality, i.e. in individuals with low scores on Conscientiousness/Openness, index Verbal was connected to better TMTB performance, while this effect disappeared for individuals with high values on the personality trait. However, the additional explained variance remained marginal.Conclusion: The findings suggest that personality does not modify associations between high mental demands at work and better cognitive functioning in old age; however, there is a tendency that high levels of Openness and Conscientiousness may offset effects of mental demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix S Hussenoeder
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ines Conrad
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susanne Roehr
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heide Glaesmer
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Hinz
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Cornelia Enzenbach
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Engel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Veronika Witte
- Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias L Schroeter
- Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Loeffler
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joachim Thiery
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arno Villringer
- Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steffi G Riedel-Heller
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Hanegraaf L, Arunogiri S, Hohwy J, Verdejo-Garcia A. Dysfunctional personality beliefs and emotion recognition in individuals with methamphetamine dependence. Addict Behav 2020; 105:106336. [PMID: 32062338 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that individuals with methamphetamine dependence have impaired emotion recognition. However, heterogeneity in results from these studies may indicate that individual factors such as personality beliefs moderate emotion recognition deficits. Thus, we aimed to examine the relationship between dimensional estimates of dysfunctional personality beliefs and facial emotion recognition in 86 Australian treatment seekers with methamphetamine dependence. Dysfunctional beliefs were measured using the Personality Beliefs Questionnaire, and emotion recognition was measured with the Ekman's Faces Test. We applied hierarchical regression analyses to test the relationship between beliefs and emotion recognition after accounting for the effects of intelligence. Results indicated that personality beliefs reflecting antisocial and paranoid schemas together accounted for a significant increase in the variance in fear recognition (higher levels of beliefs associated with poorer fear recognition). Further, high levels of passive-aggressive personality beliefs were associated with a tendency to misclassify faces as disgust. Our findings suggest that antisocial, paranoid, and passive-aggressive dysfunctional personality beliefs may underlie inter-individual differences in emotion recognition in methamphetamine dependent individuals. Additional research is required to better understand the relationship between personality and social processing biases, and investigate the direct impact these have on the significant psychosocial impairments present in individuals with methamphetamine dependence.
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Baumert A, Schmitt M, Perugini M, Johnson W, Blum G, Borkenau P, Costantini G, Denissen JJA, Fleeson W, Grafton B, Jayawickreme E, Kurzius E, MacLeod C, Miller LC, Read SJ, Roberts B, Robinson MD, Wood D, Wrzus C. Integrating Personality Structure, Personality Process, and Personality Development. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/per.2115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this target article, we argue that personality processes, personality structure, and personality development have to be understood and investigated in integrated ways in order to provide comprehensive responses to the key questions of personality psychology. The psychological processes and mechanisms that explain concrete behaviour in concrete situations should provide explanation for patterns of variation across situations and individuals, for development over time as well as for structures observed in intra–individual and inter–individual differences. Personality structures, defined as patterns of covariation in behaviour, including thoughts and feelings, are results of those processes in transaction with situational affordances and regularities. It cannot be presupposed that processes are organized in ways that directly correspond to the observed structure. Rather, it is an empirical question whether shared sets of processes are uniquely involved in shaping correlated behaviours, but not uncorrelated behaviours (what we term ‘correspondence’ throughout this paper), or whether more complex interactions of processes give rise to population–level patterns of covariation (termed ‘emergence’). The paper is organized in three parts, with part I providing the main arguments, part II reviewing some of the past approaches at (partial) integration, and part III outlining conclusions of how future personality psychology should progress towards complete integration. Working definitions for the central terms are provided in the appendix. Copyright © 2017 European Association of Personality Psychology
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Baumert
- Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods, Bonn, Germany
- School of Education, Technical University Munich, Germany
| | - Manfred Schmitt
- Department of Psychology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Germany
| | - Marco Perugini
- Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Italy
| | - Wendy Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gabriela Blum
- Department of Psychology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Germany
| | - Peter Borkenau
- Department of Psychology, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Ben Grafton
- Centre for the Advancement of Research on Emotion, School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Elena Kurzius
- Department of Psychology, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
| | - Colin MacLeod
- Centre for the Advancement of Research on Emotion, School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lynn C. Miller
- Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism and Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, USA
| | - Stephen J. Read
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, USA
| | - Brent Roberts
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, USA
- Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Dustin Wood
- Department of Management, University of Alabama, USA
| | - Cornelia Wrzus
- Department of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
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Mutual long-term effects of school bullying, victimization, and justice sensitivity in adolescents. J Adolesc 2016; 48:62-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Maltese S, Baumert A, Schmitt MJ, MacLeod C. How Victim Sensitivity leads to Uncooperative Behavior via Expectancies of Injustice. Front Psychol 2016; 6:2059. [PMID: 26793163 PMCID: PMC4710890 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.02059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the Sensitivity-to-mean-intentions model, dispositional victim sensitivity involves a suspicious mindset that is activated by situational cues and guides subsequent information processing and behavior like a schema. Study 1 tested whether victim-sensitive persons are more prone to form expectancies of injustice in ambiguous situations and whether these expectancies mediate the relationship between victim sensitivity and cooperation behavior in a trust game. Results show an indirect effect of victim sensitivity on cooperation after unfair treatment (vs. control condition), mediated by expectancies of injustice. In Study 2 we directly manipulated the tendency to form expectancies of injustice in ambiguous situations to test for causality. Results confirmed that the readiness to expect unjust outcomes led to lower cooperation, compared to a control condition. These findings provide direct evidence that expectancy tendencies are implicated in elevated victim sensitivity and are of theoretical and practical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Maltese
- Department of Psychology, University of Koblenz-Landau Landau, Germany
| | - Anna Baumert
- Department of Psychology, University of Koblenz-LandauLandau, Germany; School of Psychology, University of Western AustraliaPerth, WA, Australia
| | - Manfred J Schmitt
- Department of Psychology, University of Koblenz-Landau Landau, Germany
| | - Colin MacLeod
- School of Psychology, University of Western Australia Perth, WA, Australia
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Abstract
Personality researchers should modify models of traits to include mechanisms of differential reaction to situations. Whole Trait Theory does so via five main points. First, the descriptive side of traits should be conceptualized as density distributions of states. Second, it is important to provide an explanatory account of the Big 5 traits. Third, adding an explanatory account to the Big 5 creates two parts to traits, an explanatory part and a descriptive part, and these two parts should be recognized as separate entities that are joined into whole traits. Fourth, Whole Trait Theory proposes that the explanatory side of traits consists of social-cognitive mechanisms. Fifth, social-cognitive mechanisms that produce Big-5 states should be identified.
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Fetterman AK, Robinson MD, Ode S. Interpersonal Arrogance and the Incentive Salience of Power Versus Affiliation Cues. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/per.1977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The arrogance dimension of the circumplex contrasts people who seemingly value power over affiliation (high arrogance) versus those who do not (low arrogance). Following this line of thinking, and building on an incentive salience model of approach motivation, three studies (total N = 284) examined the differential processing of power versus affiliation stimuli in categorization, perception and approach–avoidance paradigms. All studies found interactions of the same type. In study 2, for example, people high in arrogance perceived power stimuli to be larger than affiliation stimuli, but this differential pattern was not evident at low arrogance levels. People high, but not low, in arrogance also approached power stimuli faster than affiliation stimuli in a motor movement task (study 3). The results contribute to a process–based understanding of how interpersonal arrogance functions while linking such differences to the manner in which power versus affiliation cues are perceived and reacted to. Copyright © 2014 European Association of Personality Psychology
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Baumert
- Department of Psychology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Germany
| | - Manfred Schmitt
- Department of Psychology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Germany
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