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Burić I, Wang H. Relationships among teacher enjoyment, emotional labor, and perceived student engagement: A daily diary approach. J Sch Psychol 2024; 103:101271. [PMID: 38432728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsp.2023.101271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The present daily diary study among 587 Canadian primary and secondary school teachers assessed teachers' genuine expression, faking, hiding of happiness and enthusiasm, and their daily associations with perceived student emotional and behavioral engagement. Moreover, we measured teachers' trait enjoyment before and after the diary study to examine whether teacher trait enjoyment predicted the use of emotional labor strategies that, in turn, were related to teachers' perceptions of their students' engagement. In addition, we examined whether perceived student engagement predicted future levels of teacher trait enjoyment. Results from multilevel structural equation modeling showed that, at the between-person level, teachers who had higher levels of trait enjoyment tended to spontaneously show their positive feelings to their students (β = 0.381, p < .001), which was further positively related to student engagement (β = 0.257, p < .001). In turn, teachers' perceptions of heightened student engagement led to even greater enjoyment in the future (β = 0.134, p < .05). In contrast, teacher trait enjoyment was negatively related to faking (β = -0.297, p < .001) and hiding positive emotions (β = -0.130, p < .05), but was further unrelated to student engagement or future enjoyment. At the within-person level, genuine expression of positive emotions was positively related to student engagement (β = 0.219, p < .001), faking was negatively related to student engagement (β = -0.134, p < .001), and hiding was unrelated to student engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Burić
- Department of Psychology, University of Zadar, Croatia
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Liang G, Cheng Y, Barnhart WR, Song J, Lu T, He J. A network analysis of disordered eating symptoms, big-five personality traits, and psychological distress in Chinese adults. Int J Eat Disord 2023; 56:1842-1853. [PMID: 37337937 DOI: 10.1002/eat.24012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have revealed associations between disordered eating symptoms, big-five personality traits, and psychological distress. However, limited research has explored these relationships as a network, including their interconnections, and even less has done so in non-Western populations. We employed network analysis to investigate the co-occurrence of disordered eating symptoms, big-five personality traits, and psychological distress in Chinese adults. METHOD A sample of 500 Chinese adults (256 men) completed measures assessing big-five personality traits, psychological distress, and disordered eating symptoms. The network of personality traits, psychological distress, and disordered eating symptoms was estimated, including its central and bridge nodes. RESULTS The central nodes in the network were the facets of openness (like adventure), extraversion (like going to social and recreational parties), and disordered eating symptoms (dissatisfaction with body weight or shape). Moreover, certain facets of neuroticism (always worrying something bad will happen), psychological distress (feeling worthless), and an inverse facet of extraversion (bored by parties with lots of people) were identified as essential bridge nodes in maintaining the structure of the network. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that personality traits (e.g., openness and extraversion) and body dissatisfaction are important in maintaining the network in a community sample of Chinese adults. While future replication is needed, findings from this study suggest that individuals with negative self-thinking, predisposed neuroticism, and extraversion may be at risk of developing disordered eating symptoms. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE The present study contributes to existing knowledge by employing a network perspective to examine the associations between disordered eating symptoms, big-five personality traits, and psychological distress in a Chinese adult community sample. The identified facets of neuroticism and extraversion and symptoms of psychological distress may be worthy of targeting in the prevention and treatment of disordered eating in the Chinese context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangsheng Liang
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Yawei Cheng
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Wesley R Barnhart
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA
| | - Jianwen Song
- Department of Educational Psychology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Tom Lu
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Jinbo He
- School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Lovan P, George F, Campa A, Huffman F, Coccia C. The Effect of Mood Change and Intuitive Eating Skills on Self-Regulation of Food Intake among Undergraduate College Students. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH EDUCATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19325037.2022.2048748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kreuzer M, Gollwitzer M. Neuroticism and satisfaction in romantic relationships: A systematic investigation of intra- and interpersonal processes with a longitudinal approach. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2022; 36:149-179. [DOI: 10.1177/08902070211001258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Relationship satisfaction—the degree to which a close relationship is perceived as rewarding and satisfying by both partners—is reliably predicted by both partners’ neuroticism, but the psychological mechanisms underlying this effect are not sufficiently well understood. By analyzing several cognitive, emotional, and behavioral processes simultaneously, the current longitudinal study looked at how both partners’ neuroticism affects their respective (and mutual) relationship satisfaction both on an intra- and on an interpersonal level. Dyadic data from 2090 heterosexual couples from the “Pairfam” study were analyzed with Actor-Partner Interdependence Mediation Models (APIMeM). Results support the assumption that neuroticism reliably predicts cognitive, emotional, and behavioral variables, which, in turn, predict both partners’ relationship satisfaction. Importantly, cognitive processes play a particularly important role both on an interpersonal as well as on an intrapersonal level. These findings help to shed light on the maladaptive cognitive, emotional, and behavioral processes underlying the effect of neuroticism on relationship satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Kreuzer
- Department of Psychology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Mario Gollwitzer
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
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Kaniušonytė G, Laursen B. Perceptions of Positive Parenting Predict Increases in Resilience for Low Neurotic and High Agreeable Adolescents. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022; 185:111272. [PMID: 34658471 PMCID: PMC8516125 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.111272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This study examines whether adolescent personality moderates longitudinal associations between perceived parenting practices and changes in adolescent resilience. A community sample of 442 (224 boys, 218 girls) Lithuanian adolescents completed surveys twice, one year apart, beginning in Grade 11 (M=17.1 years old). Adolescent self-reports described resilience, personality (neuroticism and agreeableness), and perceptions of positive parenting (support and monitoring). Adolescent personality moderated associations between initial perceptions of parenting and changes in resilience. Monitoring and support anticipated greater resilience for adolescents low but not high on neuroticism. Monitoring also anticipated greater resilience for adolescents high but not low on agreeableness. Consistent with the vantage-resistance hypothesis, the results suggest that neuroticism and disagreeableness interfere with the child's ability to profit from positive environmental experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brett Laursen
- Florida Atlantic University, Department of Psychology
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Leung AK, Koh B, Phang R, Lee STH, Huang T. Linking Creativity to Psychological Well‐being: Integrative Insights from the Instrumental Emotion Regulation Theory. JOURNAL OF CREATIVE BEHAVIOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jocb.524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Scheffel C, Graupner ST, Gärtner A, Zerna J, Strobel A, Dörfel D. Effort beats effectiveness in emotion regulation choice: Differences between suppression and distancing in subjective and physiological measures. Psychophysiology 2021; 58:e13908. [PMID: 34310724 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Emotion regulation (ER) can be implemented by different strategies which differ in their capacity to alter emotional responding. What all strategies have in common is that cognitive control must be exercised in order to implement them. The aim of the present preregistered study was to investigate whether the two ER strategies, expressive suppression and distancing, require different amounts of cognitive effort and whether effort is associated with personality traits. Effort was assessed subjectively via ratings and objectively via pupillometry and heart period. In two studies, N = 110 and N = 52 healthy adults conducted an ER paradigm. Participants used suppression and distancing during inspection of positive and negative pictures. They also had the choice to reapply either of the strategies at the end of the paradigm. Although distancing was more effective in downregulation of subjective arousal (Study 1: p < .001, η p 2 = .20; Study 2: p < .001, η p 2 = .207), about two thirds reapplied suppression, because it was perceived as less effortful. Effort was rated significantly lower for suppression compared to distancing (Study 1: p = .042, η p 2 = .04; Study 2: p = .002, η p 2 = .13). However, differences in effort were not reflected in pupillary data or heart period. Broad and narrow personality traits were neither associated with the preferred strategy nor with subjective or physiological effort measures. Findings suggest that people tend to use the ER strategy that is perceived as less effortful, even though it might not be the most effective strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Scheffel
- Differential and Personality Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sven-Thomas Graupner
- Engineering Psychology and Applied Cognitive Research, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anne Gärtner
- Differential and Personality Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Josephine Zerna
- Differential and Personality Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Strobel
- Differential and Personality Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Denise Dörfel
- Differential and Personality Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Kokkonen M, Pulkkinen L. Extraversion and Neuroticism as antecedents of emotion regulation and dysregulation in adulthood. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/per.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This longitudinal study examined the role of Extraversion and Neuroticism as antecedents of emotion regulation and dysregulation among 89 women and 81 men. When participants were 27 years old, their Extraversion and Neuroticism were assessed with the standardized version of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. At age 33, they completed the Big‐Five Personality Inventory, an authorized adaptation of the NEO Personality Inventory. Emotion regulation, operationalized as an active attempt to turn a negative emotion toward a more positive direction, and measured by the Repair subscale of the Meta‐Regulation Scale, and emotional social support, as measured by the Life Situation Questionnaire, were assessed when participants reached 36 years of age. Emotional ambivalence, a type of emotion dysregulation, was also assessed in this wave. Structural equation modelling demonstrated that prior Neuroticism led to higher emotional ambivalence and lowered use of Repair at age 36. Prior Extraversion, on the other hand, was linked to lower emotional ambivalence at age 36. Extraversion also led to higher attempts to rely on emotional social support to regulate emotions, but less interest in using Repair. Correlational findings revealed that Extraversion and Neuroticism showed differential continuity between ages 27 and 33. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marja Kokkonen
- University of Jyväskylä, Department of Psychology, Finland
| | - Lea Pulkkinen
- University of Jyväskylä, Department of Psychology, Finland
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Weber H, Wiedig M, Freyer J, Gralher J. Social anxiety and anger regulation. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/per.528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Based on the assumption that social anxiety is associated with less assertive behaviour and that effective anger regulation is influenced by social anxiety, two studies were conducted to examine the relationship between social anxiety and anger regulation. In Study 1, questionnaires measuring social anxiety, assertiveness, and six habitual anger‐related responses were administered to 115 adults. Social anxiety had an independent effect on rumination and submission, whereas assertiveness was independently related to the use of humour and feedback. In Study 2 (N = 136 adults) self‐ and observer ratings of anger‐related behaviour were obtained after anger was experimentally induced. Social anxiety was related to self‐ratings of submission and rumination. However, independent observer ratings based on videotapes revealed no significant influence of social anxiety on anger‐related behaviour. Taken together, the results provide evidence that social anxiety is associated with the self‐perception of less assertive behaviour and the tendency to evaluate one's behaviour more negatively. These results are consistent with prior studies showing that socially anxious persons tend to underestimate their social performance relative to the ratings of independent observers. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Thörel E, Pauls N, Göritz AS. Are the Effects of Work-related Extended Availability the Same for Everyone? REVISTA DE PSICOLOGÍA DEL TRABAJO Y DE LAS ORGANIZACIONES 2020. [DOI: 10.5093/jwop2020a14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Differentiating Flow Experiences in Physical Versus Mental Activities: A Sequential Explanatory Study. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL SPORT PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1123/jcsp.2018-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Flow is a desirable state of consciousness and absorption in an optimally challenging activity. Prior research has investigated individual differences in flow. The present study investigates flow by contrasting physical versus mental activities, using a mixed-methods, sequential explanatory design. The sample from the quantitative phase included 205 undergraduate university students assessed on measures of personality, difficulties in emotion regulation, and flow. The big-five traits intellect and conscientiousness, as well as the emotion regulation subscale “lack of emotional clarity” predicted flow during mental activities, but unexpectedly no variables significantly predicted physical flow activities. The second phase used semi-structured interviews with 10 participants. Analyses of the interviews helped further explain the statistical findings, revealing four main themes: role of stress, source of guilt, presence of others, and satisfaction and fulfillment. We conclude that flow is especially relevant in physical activities which have advantages over mental activities in opportunities to experience flow.
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Vaughan-Johnston TI, Jackowich RA, Hudson CC, France KD, Hollenstein T, Jacobson JA. The role of individual differences in emotion regulation efficacy. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2019.103904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Scheffel C, Diers K, Schönfeld S, Brocke B, Strobel A, Dörfel D. Cognitive emotion regulation and personality: an analysis of individual differences in the neural and behavioral correlates of successful reappraisal. PERSONALITY NEUROSCIENCE 2019; 2:e11. [PMID: 32435746 PMCID: PMC7219681 DOI: 10.1017/pen.2019.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A common and mostly effective emotion regulation strategy is reappraisal. During reappraisal, activity in cognitive control brain regions increases and activity in brain regions associated with emotion responding (e.g., the amygdala) diminishes. Immediately after reappraisal, it has been observed that activity in the amygdala increases again, which might reflect a paradoxical aftereffect. While there is extensive empirical evidence for these neural correlates of emotion regulation, only few studies targeted the association with individual differences in personality traits. The aim of this study is to investigate these associations more thoroughly. Seventy-six healthy participants completed measures of broad personality traits (Big Five, Positive and Negative Affect) as well as of more narrow traits (habitual use of emotion regulation) and performed an experimental fMRI reappraisal task. Participants were instructed to either permit their emotions or to detach themselves from the presented negative and neutral pictures. After each picture, a relaxation period was included. Reappraisal success was determined by arousal ratings and activity in the amygdala. During reappraisal, we found activation in the prefrontal cortex and deactivation in the left amygdala. During the relaxation period, an immediate aftereffect was found in occipital regions and marginally in the amygdala. Neither personality traits nor habitual use of emotion regulation predicted reappraisal success or the magnitude of the aftereffect. We replicated typical activation and deactivation patterns during intentional emotion regulation and partially replicated the immediate aftereffect in the amygdala. However, there was no association between personality traits and emotion regulation success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Scheffel
- Differential and Personality Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kersten Diers
- Differential and Personality Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sabine Schönfeld
- Differential and Personality Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Burkhard Brocke
- Differential and Personality Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Strobel
- Differential and Personality Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Denise Dörfel
- Differential and Personality Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Liu Y, Bangerter LR, Rovine MJ, Zarit SH, Almeida DM. Intrinsic Emotional Fluctuation in Daily Negative Affect across Adulthood. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2019; 73:100-112. [PMID: 28013280 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbw159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The study explored daily negative affect (NA) fluctuation, its associations with age, and its developmental characteristics. Method The sample (n = 790) was drawn from the Midlife Development in the United States; participants completed two 8-day daily diaries 10 years apart. Multilevel models were estimated within each diary component, where two single daily NA (depression and nervousness) and daily NA diversity were predicted separately by daily stressor exposures, physical health symptoms, age, gender, education, and neuroticism. The variances of within-person residual were output for single NA and NA diversity as intrinsic emotion fluctuation (IEF) within each diary component (i.e., controlled for within- and between-person contextual factors). Then multilevel growth models were fit to explore the developmental characteristics of day-to-day IEF across 10 years. Results At the daily level, older age was associated with less IEF in depression and nervousness. Over time, IEF in depression decreased. Additionally, IEF in NA diversity increased for older participants longitudinally. Discussion IEF represents a new conceptualization of midlife individuals' daily emotional ups and downs, specifically, the intrinsic within-person volatility of emotions. The magnitude of IEF and its longitudinal dynamics may have implications for health and well-being of middle-aged adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Liu
- Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, State College
| | - Lauren R Bangerter
- Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Healthcare Delivery, Care Experiences Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Michael J Rovine
- Human Development and Quantitative Methods Division, Graduate School of Education, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Steven H Zarit
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, State College
| | - David M Almeida
- Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, State College.,Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, State College
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Ho RTH, Potash JS, Fang F, Rollins J. Art viewing directives in hospital settings effect on mood. HERD-HEALTH ENVIRONMENTS RESEARCH & DESIGN JOURNAL 2018; 8:30-43. [PMID: 25929470 DOI: 10.1177/1937586715575903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the effect viewing directives can have when encountering art in hospitals. A secondary objective of the study was to understand the responses of viewers to an art exhibit on the theme of medical student empathy toward patient pain and suffering. BACKGROUND Displaying art in hospitals has been credited with increasing well-being of patients, visitors, and staff. Generally, hospital curators have focused on the type of art to display (natural, symbolic, and abstract). This focus has neglected the possibility that in addition to the type of art, the way that viewers engage art may also be responsible for the healing effect. METHODS Participants (n = 97) were randomly allocated into one of the viewing directives: (1) reflecting on one artwork, (2) creating a drawing or poem in response to one artwork, or (3) no direction. Prior to looking at the art and immediately after, participants were administered the Brief Mood Introspection Scale (BMIS) and offered an opportunity to participate in an interview. RESULTS Pre-post results of the BMIS demonstrated that viewers who received directions achieved some therapeutic effect. Qualitative themes from the post-exhibit interviews identified that the empathy themed exhibit was well received, although there were differences among responses from patients, visitors, and staff. CONCLUSIONS The results imply that hospitals may consider offering prompts to help viewers engage with art to enhance mood and exhibiting art that demonstrates empathy for patient suffering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainbow T H Ho
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The Centennial Campus, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Centre on Behavioral Health, The Hong Kong Jockey Club Building for Interdisciplinary Research, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Jordan S Potash
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The Centennial Campus, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Centre on Behavioral Health, The Hong Kong Jockey Club Building for Interdisciplinary Research, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Fan Fang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Judy Rollins
- Department of Family Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
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Lui PP. Incorporating Meta-Emotions in Integrative Cognitive-Affective Therapy to Treat Comorbid Bulimia Nervosa and Substance Use Disorders in a Latina American. Clin Case Stud 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1534650117698038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with co-occurring eating and substance use disorders have poorer psychosocial adjustment than those with only eating pathology or substance misuse patterns; these complex cases are often challenging to treat in clinical settings. Eating and substance use disorders share personality, affective, and cognitive etiologic factors, suggesting the importance and opportunities to treat them simultaneously in an integrative intervention approach. The integrative cognitive-affective therapy (ICAT) validated to treat bulimia nervosa follows an evidence-based conceptual framework; it addresses many shared risk factors that underlie eating and substance use disorders. A Latina American with comorbid bulimia nervosa, alcohol and cocaine use disorders, and bipolar I disorder was treated using ICAT; therapy was augmented with an explicit examination of, and cognitive restructuring surrounding, negative meta-emotions. ICAT and treatment around meta-emotions were delivered in the context of an intensive outpatient program. Over the course of 15 individual sessions and at 1-month follow-up, the patient reported a decrease in dietary restraint, binge eating episodes, body dissatisfaction, and negative attitudes toward obesity and alcohol and cocaine abuse, and maintained a stable weight. The patient also saw improvements in depression- and anxiety-related symptoms, and self-evaluation. This case supports the flexibility and benefits of examining meta-emotion philosophy in the context of ICAT for the treatment of co-occurring eating and substance use disorders for adults in a clinical setting.
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Chen S, Chen C, Yang J, Yuan J. Trait self-consciousness predicts amygdala activation and its functional brain connectivity during emotional suppression: an fMRI analysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:117. [PMID: 28273918 PMCID: PMC5428331 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00073-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present functional magnetic resonance imaging study investigated how trait neuroticism and its heterogeneous subdimensions are related to the emotional consequences and neural underpinnings of emotion regulation. Two levels of neuroticism assessments were conducted with 47 female subjects, who were required to attend to, suppress emotion displays to, or cognitively reappraise the meanings of negative images. The results showed reduced emotional experience and bilateral amygdala activation during reappraisal, and this regulation effect is unaffected by individual differences in neuroticism and its subdimensions. By contrast, the emotion downregulation effect of suppression in the right amygdala is compromised with increasing self-consciousness but not overall neuroticism dimension. This association holds robust after controlling the potential contribution of habitual suppression. Moreover, the psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analysis revealed that self-consciousness predicts weaker functional coupling of the right amygdala to supplementary motor area and putamen during expressive suppression, two regions mediating the control and execution of motor actions. These findings suggest that self-consciousness predicts increased difficulty in emotional regulation using expressive suppression; and that the heterogeneous nature of trait neuroticism needs to be considered in exploring the association of neuroticism and emotion regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengdong Chen
- The Laboratory for Affect Cognition and Regulation (ACRLAB), Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education (SWU), Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Changming Chen
- The Laboratory for Affect Cognition and Regulation (ACRLAB), Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education (SWU), Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- School of Educational Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Jiemin Yang
- The Laboratory for Affect Cognition and Regulation (ACRLAB), Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education (SWU), Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jiajin Yuan
- The Laboratory for Affect Cognition and Regulation (ACRLAB), Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education (SWU), Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine potentially moderating effects of personality characteristics regarding changes in anxious and depressed mood associated with Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), controlling for socio-demographic factors. Meditation-naïve participants from the general population self-presenting with psychological stress complaints (n = 167 participants, 70% women, mean age 45.8 ± 9.3 years) were assessed in a longitudinal investigation of change in mood before and after the intervention and at a 3-month follow-up. Participants initially scoring high on neuroticism showed stronger decreases in both anxious and depressed mood (both p < 0.001). However, when controlled for baseline mood, only the time by neuroticism interaction effect on anxiety remained significant (p = 0.001), reflecting a smaller decrease in anxiety between pre- and post-intervention but a larger decrease in anxiety between post-intervention and follow-up in those with higher baseline neuroticism scores. Most personality factors did not show moderating effects, when controlled for baseline mood. Only neuroticism showed to be associated with delayed benefit. Results are discussed in the context of findings from similar research using more traditional cognitive-behavioral interventions.
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Bubić A, Ivanišević K. The Role of Emotional Stability and Competence in Young Adolescents’ Career Judgments. JOURNAL OF CAREER DEVELOPMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0894845316633779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A transition from elementary to high school represents a very profound change and a potential source of stress, as it often requires young adolescents to make significant professional decisions. This topic was the focus of the present study in which 303 Croatian students attending their final year of elementary school completed measures of career decision self-efficacy, emotional stability, emotional competence, and concerns regarding the upcoming transition. The results indicated emotional competence as a statistically significant predictor of career decision self-efficacy, whereas emotional stability was revealed as a significant predictor of career concerns. Furthermore, a moderating effect of gender and a mediating role of career decision self-efficacy were revealed in this context. These findings provide novel evidence regarding the complex relationship between individuals’ vocational self-beliefs and emotional processing and may be informative for vocational guidance interventions targeted at young adolescents undergoing similar educational transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreja Bubić
- Chair of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Karmen Ivanišević
- Department of Pedagogy, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Split, Split, Croatia
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Schweizer S, Walsh ND, Stretton J, Dunn VJ, Goodyer IM, Dalgleish T. Enhanced emotion regulation capacity and its neural substrates in those exposed to moderate childhood adversity. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2015; 11:272-81. [PMID: 26341903 PMCID: PMC4733337 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsv109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals exposed to childhood adversities (CA) present with emotion regulation (ER) difficulties in later life, which have been identified as risk and maintenance factors for psychopathologies. However, it is unclear if CA negatively impacts on ER capacity per se or whether observed regulation difficulties are a function of the challenging circumstances in which ER is being deployed. In this longitudinal study, we aimed to clarify this association by investigating the behavioral and neural effects of exposure to common moderate CA (mCA) on a laboratory measure of ER capacity in late adolescence/young adulthood. Our population-derived samples of adolescents/young adults (N = 53) were administered a film-based ER-task during functional magnetic resonance imaging that allowed evaluation of ER across mCA-exposure. mCA-exposure was associated with enhanced ER capacity over both positive and negative affect. At the neural level, the better ER of negative material in those exposed to mCA was associated with reduced recruitment of ER-related brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex and temporal gyrus. In addition mCA-exposure was associated with a greater down-regulation of the amygdala during ER of negative material. The implications of these findings for our understanding of the effects of mCA on the emergence of resilience in adolescence are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Schweizer
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Jason Stretton
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, UK
| | - Valerie J Dunn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, and
| | - Ian M Goodyer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, and Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tim Dalgleish
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, UK, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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Chapter 4 On the directionality of vigor–JOB SATISFACTION RELATIONSHIPS: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1108/s1746-9791(2009)0000005006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Five-factor model of personality and organizational commitment: The mediating role of positive and negative affective states. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL BEHAVIOR 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of women's personality traits and some sociodemographic variables on quality of life (QoL). METHODS This cross-sectional and correlational study was conducted among 320 Turkish women aged between 45 and 64 years who attended the Menopausal Polyclinic. Data were collected from the Turkish version of the Cervantes Personality Scale and the Turkish version of the Menopause-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire. RESULTS The mean (SD) age of the participants was 51.8 (5.3) years. The average (SD) age since menopause was found to be 46 (3.3) years. The menopausal QoL was correlated with education status, income level, working status, exercise routine, chronic health problems, family's/friends' support, and negative life events. Logistic regression analyses showed that the QoL in vasomotor, psychological, and sexual domains were 6.1, 9.2, and 11.4 times, respectively, lower in neurotic women than in emotionally stable women. In addition, the QoL in sexual domains were 3.3 times lower in introverted women than in extraverted women. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that higher levels of introversion and higher levels of neuroticism lead to lower QoL among postmenopausal women. The results of this study support the hypothesis that personality would play an important role in women's QoL during the transition period of menopause.
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The interaction between neuroticism and gender influences the perceived availability of social support. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2009.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Longua J, Dehart T, Tennen H, Armeli S. Personality Moderates the Interaction between Positive and Negative Daily Events Predicting Negative Affect and Stress. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2009; 43:547-555. [PMID: 20161239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2009.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A 30-day diary study examined personality moderators (neuroticism and extraversion) of the interaction between positive and negative daily events predicting daily negative affect and night-time stress. Multilevel analyses revealed positive daily events buffered the effect of negative daily events on negative affect for individuals low in neuroticism and individuals high in extraversion, but not for individuals high in neuroticism or individuals low in extraversion. Positive daily events also buffered the effect of negative daily events on that night's stress, but only for participants low in neuroticism. As such, this research linked today's events to tonight's stressfulness. This study advances our understanding of how neuroticism and extraversion influence within-person associations between positive and negative events predicting negative affect and stress.
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Getting to the Heart of Clinical Supervision: A Theoretical Review of the Role of Emotions in Professional Development. Behav Cogn Psychother 2009; 37:207-19. [DOI: 10.1017/s135246580900513x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Background: The importance of supervision is increasingly recognized, yet it remains little understood, impairing research and practice. Specifically, the CBT supervision model provides a relatively “heartless” account of professional development, which may undermine its effectiveness. Method: A theoretical review of emotions in supervision and learning is provided, to summarize relevant theoretical and empirical literature. The objectives are to clarify the role of emotions in CBT supervision, and to use this understanding to outline an emotionally-attuned model, illustrating its application to two critical aspects of CBT supervision (the development of a learning alliance and enhancing professional competence). Conclusion: The reviewed literature (theory and research evidence) supports the explicit and systematic incorporation of emotions into CBT supervision. Conceptually, this can be achieved by integrating Lazarus's (1991) general theory of emotion with the CBT model. The illustrations of this augmented model indicate its value in understanding and managing both the “rupture-repair” cycle that can affect the supervisory alliance, and the “deskilling-development” pattern that appears to be necessary for the acquisition of competence. We propose that CBT supervision might usefully be guided by our expanded model, as this affords greater internal consistency and may be more effective educationally.
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Abstract
In Study 1, individuals high in neuroticism (high N) felt more negative and experienced less decrease of their negative emotions than individuals low in Neuroticism (low N) when extremely unpleasant hypothetical scenarios improved. Study 2 also found that high N individuals felt more negative than low N in a slightly unpleasant laboratory situation, and that individuals high in Extraversion (high E) felt more positive than individuals low in Extraversion (low E) in a slightly pleasant laboratory situation. The present studies also confirmed that high N individuals were less likely to repair negative emotions than low N, and high E individuals were more likely to savor positive emotions than low E. These attempts at negative and positive emotion regulation predicted negative and positive emotional reactions, respectively, and accounted for the trait differences in emotions. Hence, there is evidence that differences in negative emotion regulation mediated the relation between Neuroticism and negative emotions, and differences in positive emotion regulation mediated the relation between Extraversion and positive emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiting Ng
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Ed Diener
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
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Abstract
Three studies tested the hypotheses that extraverts demonstrate better mood maintenance abilities than introverts and that these mood regulation abilities can account for the higher habitual happiness of extraverts. Using self- and peer-rated trait measures, Study 1 provided multimethod evidence that mood maintenance, but not mood repair, accounted for the link between extraversion and pleasant-unpleasant trait mood. Study 2 replicated this finding in a different sample of self-reports. Using a within-subjects design, Study 3 demonstrated that when confronted with an affectively ambivalent situation, extraverts maintained a more positive affect balance than introverts. Habitual mood maintenance mediated the effect of extraversion on pleasant-unpleasant affect change. Taken together, the findings support a self-regulation explanation of the extraversion-pleasant affect link.
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Lischetzke T, Cuccodoro G, Gauger A, Todeschini L, Eid M. Measuring Affective Clarity Indirectly: Individual Differences in Response Latencies of State. Emotion 2005; 5:431-45. [PMID: 16366747 DOI: 10.1037/1528-3542.5.4.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This research investigated a new method to measure momentary affective clarity indirectly, which is based on latencies of responses to state affect items. Three studies revealed that this indirect measure of momentary clarity demonstrated high reliability and stability as well as convergent and predictive validity. The indirect measure was associated with dispositional clarity when the concept of clarity was activated before measuring response latencies (Studies 1 and 2) and was related to self-reports of momentary clarity (Study 3). Furthermore, Study 3 demonstrated that indirectly measured clarity decreased after an affectively complex film. Indirectly, but not directly, measured momentary clarity predicted a more positive affective state at the end of the study. This effect was mediated by affect regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Lischetzke
- University of Geneva, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Geneva, Switzerland.
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