1
|
Kuijpers E, Pickett J, Wille B, Hofmans J. Do You Feel Better When You Behave More Extraverted Than You Are? The Relationship Between Cumulative Counterdispositional Extraversion and Positive Feelings. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2021; 48:606-623. [PMID: 34056978 DOI: 10.1177/01461672211015062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The idea that increased levels of extraversion are beneficial to well-being is widespread. Drawing on the idea that behaving discordant to one's trait level is demanding and effortful to maintain, and that repeated taxations of one's self-regulatory resources are unpleasant, we examined the relationship between cumulative counterdispositional extraversion and positive feelings. In two experience-sampling (ESM) studies, participants repeatedly rated their level of state extraversion and positive feelings. Results revealed that cumulative positive deviations from one's trait extraversion level were positively associated with positive feelings, whereas cumulative negative deviations were negatively associated with positive feelings. This confirms the idea that, also when looking at cumulative instances of extraversion-related behaviors, higher levels of extraversion go hand in hand with higher levels of positive feelings.
Collapse
|
2
|
Bleidorn W, Peters A. A multilevel Multitrait–Multimethod Analysis of Self– and Peer–Reported Daily Affective Experiences. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/per.804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We examined the psychometric properties of an experience–sampling measure of affect (PANAS) using data from self– and peer reports. A multivariate multilevel model was used to assess the reliability of the latent PANAS scales at the within– and between–person level. Findings suggest satisfying internal consistencies for self– and peer reports of affective experiences at both levels of analysis. Convergent and discriminant validity of the two affect scales were examined by means of a multilevel multitrait–multimethod approach (MLM–MTMM) indicating distinct findings at the within– and between–person level. These findings provide further insights into the structural relations between the two PANAS scales: Whereas positive and negative affect were unrelated at the between–person level; they were negatively correlated at the within–person level. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
|
3
|
Jackson JJ, Hill PL, Payne BR, Parisi JM, Stine-Morrow EAL. Linking openness to cognitive ability in older adulthood: The role of activity diversity. Aging Ment Health 2020; 24:1079-1087. [PMID: 31446768 PMCID: PMC7042045 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2019.1655705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Relatively few studies have examined the reasons older individuals participate in activities that may benefit cognition with aging. Personality traits, particularly, openness to experience, are likely to influence how activities are selected. Openness to experience has also reliably shown to relate to cognitive and intellectual capacities. The current study tested whether diversity in activity helped to explain the overlap between openness to experience and cognitive functioning in an older adult sample (n = 476, mean age: 72.5 years). Results suggest that openness is a better predictor of activity diversity than of time spent engaged in activities or time spent in cognitively challenging activities. Further, activity diversity explained significant variance in the relationship between openness and cognitive ability for most constructs examined. This relationship did not vary with age, but differed as a function of education level, such that participating in a more diverse array of activities was most beneficial for those with less formal education. These results suggest that engagement with a diverse behavioral repertoire in late life may compensate for lack of early life resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J. Jackson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences; Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Patrick L. Hill
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences; Washington University in St. Louis
| | | | - Jeanine M. Parisi
- Department of Mental Health; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | - Elizabeth A. L. Stine-Morrow
- Department of Educational Psychology and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Relationships between personality facets and accident involvement among truck drivers. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2019.103889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
5
|
Murphy NA, Hall JA, Ruben MA, Frauendorfer D, Schmid Mast M, Johnson KE, Nguyen L. Predictive Validity of Thin-Slice Nonverbal Behavior from Social Interactions. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2018; 45:983-993. [DOI: 10.1177/0146167218802834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Laurent Nguyen
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, Switzerland
- Idiap Research Institute, Martigny, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Beer A, Vazire S. Evaluating the predictive validity of personality trait judgments using a naturalistic behavioral criterion: A preliminary test of the self-other knowledge asymmetry model. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
7
|
What are other-rated scales composed of? Sources of measurement error and true trait variance in other-ratings of the Big Five. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
8
|
|
9
|
Uher J. What is Behaviour? And (when) is Language Behaviour? A Metatheoretical Definition. JOURNAL FOR THE THEORY OF SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jtsb.12104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Uher
- The London School of Economics and Political Science; Department of Social Psychology; Houghton Street WC2A 2AE London United Kingdom
- Free University Berlin; Comparative Differential and Personality Psychology; Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cardoos SL, Zakriski AL, Wright JC, Parad HW. Peer Experiences in Short-Term Residential Treatment: Individual and Group-Moderated Prediction of Behavioral Responses to Peers and Adults. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2014; 43:1145-59. [PMID: 25539594 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-014-9964-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This research examined the independent and interactional contributions of peer experiences and group aggression to youth behavioral adjustment in short-term residential treatment. Participants were 219 youth (M age = 12.70, SD = 2.76; 71 % male) nested in 28 same-age, same-sex treatment groups. Sociometric interviews assessed social preference and victimization. Daily behavioral observations by staff assessed overall levels of treatment group aggression, as well as aggressive, withdrawn, and prosocial responses to specific social events. End-of-summer behavioral responses (to all events; to peers; to adults) were predicted, controlling for initial levels of these responses. Social preference predicted higher end-of-summer prosocial responses, and victimization predicted lower prosocial and higher withdrawn responses. Each interacted with group aggression in some analyses, with more positive peer experiences only predicting more favorable responses in groups that were low or average in aggression. Interactant-specific analyses revealed that some of these associations were broad, whereas others applied only to adults. For example, group aggression moderated the association between social preference and aggressive responses to adults but not peers. Gender differences were also interactant-specific. Results highlight the importance of peer experiences in group treatment and underscore the value of both aggregation and disaggregation over interactants in analyses of behavioral adjustment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Cardoos
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Tolman Hall #1650, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA,
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Murphy NA, Hall JA, Schmid Mast M, Ruben MA, Frauendorfer D, Blanch-Hartigan D, Roter DL, Nguyen L. Reliability and Validity of Nonverbal Thin Slices in Social Interactions. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2014; 41:199-213. [DOI: 10.1177/0146167214559902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Four studies investigated the reliability and validity of thin slices of nonverbal behavior from social interactions including (a) how well individual slices of a given behavior predict other slices in the same interaction; (b) how well a slice of a given behavior represents the entirety of that behavior within an interaction; (c) how long a slice is necessary to sufficiently represent the entirety of a behavior within an interaction; (d) which slices best capture the entirety of behavior, across different behaviors; and (e) which behaviors (of six measured behaviors) are best captured by slices. Notable findings included strong reliability and validity for thin slices of gaze and nods, and that a 1.5-min slice from the start of an interaction may adequately represent some behaviors. Results provide useful information to researchers making decisions about slice measurement of behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Debra L. Roter
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Laurent Nguyen
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL) and Idiap Research Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Brosowski T, Meyer G, Hayer T. Analyses of multiple types of online gambling within one provider: an extended evaluation framework of actual online gambling behaviour. INTERNATIONAL GAMBLING STUDIES 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2012.698295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
13
|
Cramer AOJ, Van Der Sluis S, Noordhof A, Wichers M, Geschwind N, Aggen SH, Kendler KS, Borsboom D. Measurable Like Temperature or Mereological like Flocking? on the Nature of Personality Traits. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/per.1879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Some commentators wholeheartedly disagreed with the central tenet of the network perspective on personality, namely that traits are the result of mutual interactions between thoughts, feelings and behaviours. In this rejoinder, we primarily focus on these commentaries by (i) clarifying the main differences between the latent versus the network view on traits; (ii) discussing some of the arguments in favour of the latent trait views that were put forward by these commentators; and by (iii) comparing the capacity of both views to explain thoughts, feelings and behaviours. Some commentators were by and large positive about the network perspective, and we discuss their excellent suggestions for defining components and linking these to genes and other biological mechanisms. We conclude that no doors should be closed in the study of personality and that, as such, alternative theories such as the network perspective should be welcomed, formalised and tested. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sophie Van Der Sluis
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Complex Trait Genetics, Department Functional Genomics & Dept. Clinical Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), FALW-VUA, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), The Netherlands
| | - Arjen Noordhof
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke Wichers
- European Graduate School for Neuroscience, SEARCH, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole Geschwind
- European Graduate School for Neuroscience, SEARCH, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, The Netherlands
- Research Group on Health Psychology, Centre for the Psychology of Learning and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven H. Aggen
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA
| | - Kenneth S. Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA
| | - Denny Borsboom
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|