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Gubič Š, Montalbano A, Sala C, Becchetti A, Hendrickx LA, Van Theemsche KM, Pinheiro-Junior EL, Altadonna GC, Peigneur S, Ilaš J, Labro AJ, Pardo LA, Tytgat J, Tomašič T, Arcangeli A, Peterlin Mašič L. Immunosuppressive effects of new thiophene-based K V1.3 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 259:115561. [PMID: 37454520 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Voltage-gated potassium channel KV1.3 inhibitors have been shown to be effective in preventing T-cell proliferation and activation by affecting intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Here, we present the structure-activity relationship, KV1.3 inhibition, and immunosuppressive effects of new thiophene-based KV1.3 inhibitors with nanomolar potency on K+ current in T-lymphocytes and KV1.3 inhibition on Ltk- cells. The new KV1.3 inhibitor trans-18 inhibited KV1.3 -mediated current in phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-activated T-lymphocytes with an IC50 value of 26.1 nM and in mammalian Ltk- cells with an IC50 value of 230 nM. The KV1.3 inhibitor trans-18 also had nanomolar potency against KV1.3 in Xenopus laevis oocytes (IC50 = 136 nM). The novel thiophene-based KV1.3 inhibitors impaired intracellular Ca2+ signaling as well as T-cell activation, proliferation, and colony formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Špela Gubič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alberto Montalbano
- University of Florence, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, I-50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Cesare Sala
- University of Florence, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, I-50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Becchetti
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Piazza della Scienza 2, I-20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Louise Antonia Hendrickx
- University of Leuven, Toxicology and Pharmacology, Campus Gasthuisberg, Onderwijs en Navorsing 2, Herestraat 49, PO Box 922, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kenny M Van Theemsche
- University of Antwerp, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteisplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium; Ghent University, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ernesto Lopes Pinheiro-Junior
- University of Leuven, Toxicology and Pharmacology, Campus Gasthuisberg, Onderwijs en Navorsing 2, Herestraat 49, PO Box 922, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Steve Peigneur
- University of Leuven, Toxicology and Pharmacology, Campus Gasthuisberg, Onderwijs en Navorsing 2, Herestraat 49, PO Box 922, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Janez Ilaš
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alain J Labro
- Ghent University, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luis A Pardo
- Max-Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, AG Oncophysiology, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jan Tytgat
- University of Leuven, Toxicology and Pharmacology, Campus Gasthuisberg, Onderwijs en Navorsing 2, Herestraat 49, PO Box 922, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tihomir Tomašič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Annarosa Arcangeli
- University of Florence, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, I-50134, Florence, Italy.
| | - Lucija Peterlin Mašič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Sala C, Staderini M, Lottini T, Duranti C, Angelini G, Constantin G, Arcangeli A. Expression of the ether-a-gò-gò-related gene 1 channel during B and T lymphocyte development: role in BCR and TCR signaling. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1111471. [PMID: 37744334 PMCID: PMC10515723 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1111471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The functional relevance of K+ and Ca2+ ion channels in the "Store Operated Calcium Entry" (SOCE) during B and T lymphocyte activation is well proven. However, their role in the process of T- and B- cell development and selection is still poorly defined. In this scenario, our aim was to characterize the expression of the ether à-go-go-related gene 1 (ERG1) and KV1.3 K+ channels during the early stages of mouse lymphopoiesis and analyze how they affect Ca2+signaling, or other signaling pathways, known to mediate selection and differentiation processes of lymphoid clones. We provide here evidence that the mouse (m)ERG1 is expressed in primary lymphoid organs, bone marrow (BM), and thymus of C57BL/6 and SV129 mice. This expression is particularly evident in the BM during the developmental stages of B cells, before the positive selection (large and small PreB). mERG1 is also expressed in all thymic subsets of both strains, when lymphocyte positive and negative selection occurs. Partially overlapping results were obtained for KV1.3 expression. mERG1 and KV1.3 were expressed at significantly higher levels in B-cell precursors of mice developing an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The pharmacological blockage of ERG1 channels with E4031 produced a significant reduction in intracellular Ca2+ after lymphocyte stimulation in the CD4+ and double-positive T-cell precursors' subsets. This suggests that ERG1 might contribute to maintaining the electrochemical gradient responsible for driving Ca2+ entry, during T-cell receptor signaling which sustains lymphocyte selection checkpoints. Such role mirrors that performed by the shaker-type KV1.3 potassium channel during the activation process of mature lymphocytes. No effects on Ca2+ signaling were observed either in B-cell precursors after blocking KV1.3 with PSORA-4. In the BM, the pharmacological blockage of ERG1 channels produced an increase in ERK phosphorylation, suggesting an effect of ERG1 in regulating B-lymphocyte precursor clones' proliferation and checkpoint escape. Overall, our results suggest a novel physiological function of ERG1 in the processes of differentiation and selection of lymphoid precursors, paving the way to further studies aimed at defining the expression and role of ERG1 channels in immune-based pathologies in addition to that during lymphocyte neoplastic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Sala
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Martina Staderini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Tiziano Lottini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudia Duranti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriele Angelini
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gabriela Constantin
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Annarosa Arcangeli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Lin Y, Zhao YJ, Zhang HL, Hao WJ, Zhu RD, Wang Y, Hu W, Zhou RP. Regulatory role of KCa3.1 in immune cell function and its emerging association with rheumatoid arthritis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:997621. [PMID: 36275686 PMCID: PMC9580404 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.997621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation. Immune dysfunction is an essential mechanism in the pathogenesis of RA and directly linked to synovial inflammation and cartilage/bone destruction. Intermediate conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel (KCa3.1) is considered a significant regulator of proliferation, differentiation, and migration of immune cells by mediating Ca2+ signal transduction. Earlier studies have demonstrated abnormal activation of KCa3.1 in the peripheral blood and articular synovium of RA patients. Moreover, knockout of KCa3.1 reduced the severity of synovial inflammation and cartilage damage to a significant extent in a mouse collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) model. Accumulating evidence implicates KCa3.1 as a potential therapeutic target for RA. Here, we provide an overview of the KCa3.1 channel and its pharmacological properties, discuss the significance of KCa3.1 in immune cells and feasibility as a drug target for modulating the immune balance, and highlight its emerging role in pathological progression of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ying-Jie Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hai-Lin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wen-Juan Hao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ren-Di Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Hu, ; Ren-Peng Zhou,
| | - Ren-Peng Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Hu, ; Ren-Peng Zhou,
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Artlett CM. The Mechanism and Regulation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome during Fibrosis. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050634. [PMID: 35625564 PMCID: PMC9138796 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is often the end result of chronic inflammation. It is characterized by the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. This leads to structural alterations in the tissue, causing permanent damage and organ dysfunction. Depending on the organ it effects, fibrosis can be a serious threat to human life. The molecular mechanism of fibrosis is still not fully understood, but the NLRP3 (NOD-, LRR- and pyrin–domain–containing protein 3) inflammasome appears to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of fibrotic disease. The NLRP3 inflammasome has been the most extensively studied inflammatory pathway to date. It is a crucial component of the innate immune system, and its activation mediates the secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. NLRP3 activation has been strongly linked with fibrosis and drives the differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts by the chronic upregulation of IL-1β and IL-18 and subsequent autocrine signaling that maintains an activated inflammasome. Both IL-1β and IL-18 are profibrotic, however IL-1β can have antifibrotic capabilities. NLRP3 responds to a plethora of different signals that have a common but unidentified unifying trigger. Even after 20 years of extensive investigation, regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is still not completely understood. However, what is known about NLRP3 is that its regulation and activation is complex and not only driven by various activators but controlled by numerous post-translational modifications. More recently, there has been an intensive attempt to discover NLRP3 inhibitors to treat chronic diseases. This review addresses the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in fibrotic disorders across many different tissues. It discusses the relationships of various NLRP3 activators to fibrosis and covers different therapeutics that have been developed, or are currently in development, that directly target NLRP3 or its downstream products as treatments for fibrotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol M Artlett
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
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Gene Expression Profile in Different Age Groups and Its Association with Cognitive Function in Healthy Malay Adults in Malaysia. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071611. [PMID: 34199148 PMCID: PMC8304476 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of cognitive aging at the molecular level is complex and not well understood. Growing evidence suggests that cognitive differences might also be caused by ethnicity. Thus, this study aims to determine the gene expression changes associated with age-related cognitive decline among Malay adults in Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 160 healthy Malay subjects, aged between 28 and 79, and recruited around Selangor and Klang Valley, Malaysia. Gene expression analysis was performed using a HumanHT-12v4.0 Expression BeadChip microarray kit. The top 20 differentially expressed genes at p < 0.05 and fold change (FC) = 1.2 showed that PAFAH1B3, HIST1H1E, KCNA3, TM7SF2, RGS1, and TGFBRAP1 were regulated with increased age. The gene set analysis suggests that the Malay adult's susceptibility to developing age-related cognitive decline might be due to the changes in gene expression patterns associated with inflammation, signal transduction, and metabolic pathway in the genetic network. It may, perhaps, have important implications for finding a biomarker for cognitive decline and offer molecular targets to achieve successful aging, mainly in the Malay population in Malaysia.
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Tajti G, Wai DCC, Panyi G, Norton RS. The voltage-gated potassium channel K V1.3 as a therapeutic target for venom-derived peptides. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 181:114146. [PMID: 32653588 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The voltage-gated potassium channel KV1.3 is a well-established therapeutic target for a range of autoimmune diseases, in addition to being the site of action of many venom-derived peptides. Numerous studies have documented the efficacy of venom peptides that target KV1.3, in particular from sea anemones and scorpions, in animal models of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and multiple sclerosis. Moreover, an analogue of the sea anemone peptide ShK (known as dalazatide) has successfully completed Phase 1 clinical trials in mild-to-moderate plaque psoriasis. In this article we consider other potential therapeutic applications of inhibitors of KV1.3, including in inflammatory bowel disease and neuroinflammatory conditions such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, as well as fibrotic diseases. We also summarise strategies for facilitating the entry of peptides to the central nervous system, given that this will be a pre-requisite for the treatment of most neuroinflammatory diseases. Venom-derived peptides that have been reported recently to target KV1.3 are also described. The increasing number of autoimmune and other conditions in which KV1.3 is upregulated and is therefore a potential therapeutic target, combined with the fact that many venom-derived peptides are potent inhibitors of KV1.3, suggests that venoms are likely to continue to serve as a rich source of new pharmacological tools and therapeutic leads targeting this channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabor Tajti
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dorothy C C Wai
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Gyorgy Panyi
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Raymond S Norton
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; ARC Centre for Fragment-Based Design, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
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K + and Ca 2+ Channels Regulate Ca 2+ Signaling in Chondrocytes: An Illustrated Review. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071577. [PMID: 32610485 PMCID: PMC7408816 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An improved understanding of fundamental physiological principles and progressive pathophysiological processes in human articular joints (e.g., shoulders, knees, elbows) requires detailed investigations of two principal cell types: synovial fibroblasts and chondrocytes. Our studies, done in the past 8–10 years, have used electrophysiological, Ca2+ imaging, single molecule monitoring, immunocytochemical, and molecular methods to investigate regulation of the resting membrane potential (ER) and intracellular Ca2+ levels in human chondrocytes maintained in 2-D culture. Insights from these published papers are as follows: (1) Chondrocyte preparations express a number of different ion channels that can regulate their ER. (2) Understanding the basis for ER requires knowledge of (a) the presence or absence of ligand (ATP/histamine) stimulation and (b) the extraordinary ionic composition and ionic strength of synovial fluid. (3) In our chondrocyte preparations, at least two types of Ca2+-activated K+ channels are expressed and can significantly hyperpolarize ER. (4) Accounting for changes in ER can provide insights into the functional roles of the ligand-dependent Ca2+ influx through store-operated Ca2+ channels. Some of the findings are illustrated in this review. Our summary diagram suggests that, in chondrocytes, the K+ and Ca2+ channels are linked in a positive feedback loop that can augment Ca2+ influx and therefore regulate lubricant and cytokine secretion and gene transcription.
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Mookerjee‐Basu J, Hooper R, Gross S, Schultz B, Go CK, Samakai E, Ladner J, Nicolas E, Tian Y, Zhou B, Zaidi MR, Tourtellotte W, He S, Zhang Y, Kappes DJ, Soboloff J. Suppression of Ca 2+ signals by EGR4 controls Th1 differentiation and anti-cancer immunity in vivo. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e48904. [PMID: 32212315 PMCID: PMC7202224 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
While the zinc finger transcription factors EGR1, EGR2, and EGR3 are recognized as critical for T-cell function, the role of EGR4 remains unstudied. Here, we show that EGR4 is rapidly upregulated upon TCR engagement, serving as a critical "brake" on T-cell activation. Hence, TCR engagement of EGR4-/- T cells leads to enhanced Ca2+ responses, driving sustained NFAT activation and hyperproliferation. This causes profound increases in IFNγ production under resting and diverse polarizing conditions that could be reversed by pharmacological attenuation of Ca2+ entry. Finally, an in vivo melanoma lung colonization assay reveals enhanced anti-tumor immunity in EGR4-/- mice, attributable to Th1 bias, Treg loss, and increased CTL generation in the tumor microenvironment. Overall, these observations reveal for the first time that EGR4 is a key regulator of T-cell differentiation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Hooper
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular BiologyPhiladelphiaPAUSA,Department of Medical Genetics & Molecular BiochemistryTemple University School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Scott Gross
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular BiologyPhiladelphiaPAUSA,Department of Medical Genetics & Molecular BiochemistryTemple University School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Bryant Schultz
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular BiologyPhiladelphiaPAUSA,Department of Medical Genetics & Molecular BiochemistryTemple University School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Christina K Go
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular BiologyPhiladelphiaPAUSA,Department of Medical Genetics & Molecular BiochemistryTemple University School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Elsie Samakai
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular BiologyPhiladelphiaPAUSA,Department of Medical Genetics & Molecular BiochemistryTemple University School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | | | | | - Yuanyuan Tian
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular BiologyPhiladelphiaPAUSA,Department of ImmunologyTemple University School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Bo Zhou
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular BiologyPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - M Raza Zaidi
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular BiologyPhiladelphiaPAUSA,Department of Medical Genetics & Molecular BiochemistryTemple University School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Warren Tourtellotte
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineCedars Sinai Medical CenterWest HollywoodCAUSA
| | - Shan He
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular BiologyPhiladelphiaPAUSA,Department of ImmunologyTemple University School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular BiologyPhiladelphiaPAUSA,Department of ImmunologyTemple University School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | | | - Jonathan Soboloff
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular BiologyPhiladelphiaPAUSA,Department of Medical Genetics & Molecular BiochemistryTemple University School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
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Ion Channel Dysregulation in Head and Neck Cancers: Perspectives for Clinical Application. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 181:375-427. [PMID: 32789787 DOI: 10.1007/112_2020_38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck cancers are a highly complex and heterogeneous group of malignancies that involve very diverse anatomical structures and distinct aetiological factors, treatments and clinical outcomes. Among them, head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are predominant and the sixth most common cancer worldwide with still low survival rates. Omic technologies have unravelled the intricacies of tumour biology, harbouring a large diversity of genetic and molecular changes to drive the carcinogenesis process. Nonetheless, this remarkable heterogeneity of molecular alterations opens up an immense opportunity to discover novel biomarkers and develop molecular-targeted therapies. Increasing evidence demonstrates that dysregulation of ion channel expression and/or function is frequently and commonly observed in a variety of cancers from different origin. As a consequence, the concept of ion channels as potential membrane therapeutic targets and/or biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis has attracted growing attention. This chapter intends to comprehensively and critically review the current state-of-art ion channel dysregulation specifically focusing on head and neck cancers and to formulate the major challenges and research needs to translate this knowledge into clinical application. Based on current reported data, various voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels (i.e. Kv3.4, Kv10.1 and Kv11.1) have been found frequently aberrantly expressed in HNSCC as well as precancerous lesions and are highlighted as clinically and biologically relevant features in both early stages of tumourigenesis and late stages of disease progression. More importantly, they also emerge as promising candidates as cancer risk markers, tumour markers and potential anti-proliferative and anti-metastatic targets for therapeutic interventions; however, the oncogenic properties seem to be independent of their ion-conducting function.
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Long-Term Increase of Kcnn4 Potassium Channel Surface Expression on B Cells in Pemphigus Patients after Rituximab Treatment. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:2666-2668. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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11
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Shao PP, Liu CJ, Xu Q, Zhang B, Li SH, Wu Y, Sun Z, Cheng LF. Eplerenone Reverses Cardiac Fibrosis via the Suppression of Tregs by Inhibition of Kv1.3 Channel. Front Physiol 2018; 9:899. [PMID: 30057554 PMCID: PMC6053534 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fibroblast proliferation is a critical feature during heart failure development. Previous studies reported regulatory T-lymphocytes (Tregs)’ protective role against myocardial fibrosis. However, notably, Tregs also secrete fibrogenic cytokine TGF-β when activated. This study aimed to clarify the intriguing link between Tregs and fibrosis, the role of Tregs Kv1.3 potassium channel (regulating T-lymphocytes activation) in the fibrosis process, and how selective aldosterone receptor antagonist Eplerenone affects Tregs and fibrosis through its action on Kv1.3 channel. Methods and Results: After co-incubation with Tregs, cardiac fibroblast proliferation (CCK-8 assay) and levels of collagen I, III, and Matrix metalloproteinase2 (ELISA) significantly elevated. Cell viability assays, Kv1.3 channel mRNA (RT-qPCR), and protein expression (In-Cell Western Blotting) revealed Tregs were activated/proliferated when co-cultured with fibroblasts. Treg intracellular TGF-β level increased by 5.8-fold, far more than that of intracellular IL-10, extracellular TGF-β and IL-10 (ELISA). And 30 μM eplerenone suppressed Tregs proliferation by 82.77% and furthermore, suppressed intracellular TGF-β level to a significantly greater extent than that of intracellular IL-10, extracellular TGF-β and IL-10. Moreover, the Kv1.3 current (whole-cell patch clamp) of Tregs in congestive heart failure patients and rats (induced by coronary artery ligation and exhaustive exercise) elevated by >4-fold than that of healthy volunteers and control rats, whereas 30 μM eplerenone suppressed the current by >60% in control Tregs. In addition, docking calculations (AutoDock software 4.0 suite) showed eplerenone has higher H-bond energy with Kv1.3 channel than other selective blockers. Conclusion: Immuno-regulation in the late stage of CHF activates Tregs proliferation via the upregulation of Kv1.3 channels, which promotes cardiac fibrosis by primarily secreting TGF-β. Taken together, eplerenone’s high affinity to Kv1.3 channel enables it to antagonize the Kv1.3 channels directly to suppress Tregs proliferation, which in turn may play an immuno-regulatory role during CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Pei Shao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Chang-Jiang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Pre-clinical Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Shao-Hua Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Zhan Sun
- Center of Functional Experiment, School of Pre-clinical Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Lu-Feng Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
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12
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Shen B, Cao Z, Li W, Sabatier JM, Wu Y. Treating autoimmune disorders with venom-derived peptides. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2017; 17:1065-1075. [DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2017.1346606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bingzheng Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhijian Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Yingliang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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13
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Chiang EY, Li T, Jeet S, Peng I, Zhang J, Lee WP, DeVoss J, Caplazi P, Chen J, Warming S, Hackos DH, Mukund S, Koth CM, Grogan JL. Potassium channels Kv1.3 and KCa3.1 cooperatively and compensatorily regulate antigen-specific memory T cell functions. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14644. [PMID: 28248292 PMCID: PMC5337993 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated Kv1.3 and Ca2+-dependent KCa3.1 are the most prevalent K+ channels expressed by human and rat T cells. Despite the preferential upregulation of Kv1.3 over KCa3.1 on autoantigen-experienced effector memory T cells, whether Kv1.3 is required for their induction and function is unclear. Here we show, using Kv1.3-deficient rats, that Kv1.3 is involved in the development of chronically activated antigen-specific T cells. Several immune responses are normal in Kv1.3 knockout (KO) rats, suggesting that KCa3.1 can compensate for the absence of Kv1.3 under these specific settings. However, experiments with Kv1.3 KO rats and Kv1.3 siRNA knockdown or channel-specific inhibition of human T cells show that maximal T-cell responses against autoantigen or repeated tetanus toxoid stimulations require both Kv1.3 and KCa3.1. Finally, our data also suggest that T-cell dependency on Kv1.3 or KCa3.1 might be irreversibly modulated by antigen exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Y Chiang
- Department of Immunology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Tianbo Li
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Surinder Jeet
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Ivan Peng
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Wyne P Lee
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Jason DeVoss
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Patrick Caplazi
- Department of Pathology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Søren Warming
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - David H Hackos
- Department of Neurobiology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Susmith Mukund
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Christopher M Koth
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Jane L Grogan
- Department of Immunology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
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14
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Firashathulla S, Inamdar MN, Rafiq M, Viswanatha GL, Sharath Kumar LM, Babu UV, Ramakrishnan S, Paramesh R. IM-133N - A Useful Herbal Combination for Eradicating Disease-triggering Pathogens in Mice via Immunotherapeutic Mechanisms. J Pharmacopuncture 2016; 19:21-7. [PMID: 27280046 PMCID: PMC4887748 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2016.19.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the immunomodulatory (IM) activity of IM-133N, a herbal combination in various immunotherapeutic experimental models. Methods: The IM activity of IM-133N was evaluated against three experimental models namely, effect of IM- 133N against Escherichia coli (E. coli)-induced abdominal sepsis in mice, and carbon clearance test was performed in Wistar albino rats to evaluated the phagocytic potential of IM-133N, in addition IM-133N was evaluated for its immunoglobulin enhancing potential in rats, where the immunoglobulin levels were measured by zinc sulphate turbity (ZST) test. Further, IM-133N was subjected for detailed liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)/MS analysis to identify the probable active constituents present in it. Results: The findings of the present study has demonstrated very promising IM property of IM-133N in all the experimental models. Briefly, pretreatment with IM-133N at 125, 250, 500 and 1,000 mg/kg, p.o. doses had protected the mice against E. coli-induced abdominal sepsis and mortality, further the effect of IM- 133N was found to be significant and dose-dependent. In support of this, in another study administration of IM-133N showed a significant and dose-dependent increase in serum immunoglobulin levels, estimated by ZST test. In line with the above findings, in the carbon clearance test the low doses (125 and 250 mg/ kg, p.o.) of IM-133N increased the rate of carbon clearance, whereas the higher doses (500 and 1,000 mg/kg, p.o.) did not sustain the response, and saturation effect was considered as one of the possible reason for futility of higher doses for IM-133N. In addition, A detailed LC-MS/MS analysis of IM-133N showed 17 bioactive phytochemical constituents: namely, apigenin, chaulmoogric acid, mesquitol, quercetin, symphoxanthone, salireposide, β-sitosterol, nonaeicosanol, β-amyrin, betulic acid, oleanolic acid, symplososide, symponoside, symploveroside, symplocomoside, symconoside A and locoracemoside B. Conclusion: These findings suggest that IM-133N possesses significant IM activity and, hence, could be useful for eradicating opportunistic disease-triggering pathogens via immunotherapeutic mechanisms. The findings also suggest IM-133N may also useful in other immunity disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Firashathulla
- Department of Pharmacology, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Hosur Road, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Mohamed Rafiq
- R&D Center, The Himalaya Drug Company, Bangalore, India
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15
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Abstract
The venom of certain jellyfish has long been known to be potentially fatal to humans, but it is only recently that details of the proteomes of these fascinating creatures are emerging. The molecular contents of the nematocysts from several jellyfish species have now been analyzed using proteomic MS approaches and include the analysis of Chironex fleckeri, one of the most venomous jellyfish known. These studies suggest that some species contain toxins related to peptides and proteins found in other venomous creatures. The detailed characterization of jellyfish venom is likely to provide insight into the diversification of toxins and might be a valuable resource in drug design.
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16
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Hosseinzadeh Z, Warsi J, Elvira B, Almilaji A, Shumilina E, Lang F. Up-regulation of Kv1.3 Channels by Janus Kinase 2. J Membr Biol 2015; 248:309-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s00232-015-9772-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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17
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Almilaji A, Honisch S, Liu G, Elvira B, Ajay SS, Hosseinzadeh Z, Ahmed M, Munoz C, Sopjani M, Lang F. Regulation of the voltage gated K channel Kv1.3 by recombinant human klotho protein. Kidney Blood Press Res 2014; 39:609-22. [PMID: 25571875 DOI: 10.1159/000368472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Klotho, a protein mainly produced in the kidney and released into circulating blood, contributes to the negative regulation of 1,25(OH)2D3 formation and is thus a powerful regulator of mineral metabolism. As β-glucuronidase, alpha Klotho protein further regulates the stability of several carriers and channels in the plasma membrane and thus regulates channel and transporter activity. Accordingly, alpha Klotho protein participates in the regulation of diverse functions seemingly unrelated to mineral metabolism including lymphocyte function. The present study explored the impact of alpha Klotho protein on the voltage gated K+ channel Kv1.3. METHODS cRNA encoding Kv1.3 (KCNA3) was injected into Xenopus oocytes and depolarization induced outward current in Kv1.3 expressing Xenopus oocytes determined utilizing dual electrode voltage clamp. Experiments were performed without or with prior treatment with recombinant human Klotho protein (50 ng/ml, 24 hours) in the absence or presence of a β-glucuronidase inhibitor D-saccharic acid-1,4-lactone (DSAL, 10 µM). Moreover, the voltage gated K+ current was determined in Jcam lymphoma cells by whole cell patch clamp following 24 hours incubation without or with recombinant human Klotho protein (50 ng/ml, 24 hours). Kv1.3 protein abundance in Jcam cells was determined utilising fluorescent antibodies in flow cytometry. RESULTS In Kv1.3 expressing Xenopus oocytes the Kv1.3 currents and the protein abundance of Kv1.3 were both significantly enhanced after treatment with recombinant human Klotho protein (50 ng/ml, 24 hours), an effect reversed by presence of DSAL. Moreover, treatment with recombinant human Klotho protein increased Kv currents and Kv1.3 protein abundance in Jcam cells. CONCLUSION Alpha Klotho protein enhances Kv1.3 channel abundance and Kv1.3 currents in the plasma membrane, an effect depending on its β-glucuronidase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Almilaji
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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18
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Chen R, Gryn’ova G, Wu Y, Coote ML, Chung SH. Mechanisms and Energetics of Potassium Channel Block by Local Anesthetics and Antifungal Agents. Biochemistry 2014; 53:6786-92. [DOI: 10.1021/bi5009408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yingliang Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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19
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Molecular dynamics simulations of scorpion toxin recognition by the Ca(2+)-activated potassium channel KCa3.1. Biophys J 2014; 105:1829-37. [PMID: 24138859 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ca(2+)-activated channel of intermediate-conductance (KCa3.1) is a target for antisickling and immunosuppressant agents. Many small peptides isolated from animal venoms inhibit KCa3.1 with nanomolar affinities and are promising drug scaffolds. Although the inhibitory effect of peptide toxins on KCa3.1 has been examined extensively, the structural basis of toxin-channel recognition has not been understood in detail. Here, the binding modes of two selected scorpion toxins, charybdotoxin (ChTx) and OSK1, to human KCa3.1 are examined in atomic detail using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Employing a homology model of KCa3.1, we first determine conduction properties of the channel using Brownian dynamics and ascertain that the simulated results are in accord with experiment. The model structures of ChTx-KCa3.1 and OSK1-KCa3.1 complexes are then constructed using MD simulations biased with distance restraints. The ChTx-KCa3.1 complex predicted from biased MD is consistent with the crystal structure of ChTx bound to a voltage-gated K(+) channel. The dissociation constants (Kd) for the binding of both ChTx and OSK1 to KCa3.1 determined experimentally are reproduced within fivefold using potential of mean force calculations. Making use of the knowledge we gained by studying the ChTx-KCa3.1 complex, we attempt to enhance the binding affinity of the toxin by carrying out a theoretical mutagenesis. A mutant toxin, in which the positions of two amino acid residues are interchanged, exhibits a 35-fold lower Kd value for KCa3.1 than that of the wild-type. This study provides insight into the key molecular determinants for the high-affinity binding of peptide toxins to KCa3.1, and demonstrates the power of computational methods in the design of novel toxins.
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