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Yamaya M, Kikuchi A, Sugawara M, Nishimura H. Anti-inflammatory effects of medications used for viral infection-induced respiratory diseases. Respir Investig 2023; 61:270-283. [PMID: 36543714 PMCID: PMC9761392 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory viruses like rhinovirus, influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and coronavirus cause several respiratory diseases, such as bronchitis, pneumonia, pulmonary fibrosis, and coronavirus disease 2019, and exacerbate bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchiectasis, and diffuse panbronchiolitis. The production of inflammatory mediators and mucin and the accumulation of inflammatory cells have been reported in patients with viral infection-induced respiratory diseases. Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted are produced in the cells, including human airway and alveolar epithelial cells, partly through the activation of toll-like receptors, nuclear factor kappa B and p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase. These mediators are associated with the development of viral infection-induced respiratory diseases through the induction of inflammation and injury in the airway and lung, airway remodeling and hyperresponsiveness, and mucus secretion. Medications used to treat respiratory diseases, including corticosteroids, long-acting β2-agonists, long-acting muscarinic antagonists, mucolytic agents, antiviral drugs for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and influenza virus, macrolides, and Kampo medicines, reduce the production of viral infection-induced mediators, including cytokines and mucin, as determined in clinical, in vivo, or in vitro studies. These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects of these medications on viral infection-induced respiratory diseases may be associated with clinical benefits, such as improvements in symptoms, quality of life, and mortality rate, and can prevent hospitalization and the exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchial asthma, bronchiectasis, and diffuse panbronchiolitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutsuo Yamaya
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; Virus Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Sendai Medical Center, Sendai 983-8520, Japan; Department of Advanced Preventive Medicine for Infectious Disease, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Akiko Kikuchi
- Department of Kampo and Integrative Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan,Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Sugawara
- Department of Otolaryngology, Tohoku Kosai Hospital, Sendai 980-0803, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Nishimura
- Virus Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Sendai Medical Center, Sendai 983-8520, Japan
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Nieto CT, Manchado A, Belda L, Diez D, Garrido NM. 2-Phenethylamines in Medicinal Chemistry: A Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020855. [PMID: 36677913 PMCID: PMC9864394 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A concise review covering updated presence and role of 2-phenethylamines in medicinal chemistry is presented. Open-chain, flexible alicyclic amine derivatives of this motif are enumerated in key therapeutic targets, listing medicinal chemistry hits and appealing screening compounds. Latest reports in discovering new bioactive 2-phenethylamines by research groups are covered too.
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Sriram K, Insel MB, Insel PA. Inhaled β2 Adrenergic Agonists and Other cAMP-Elevating Agents: Therapeutics for Alveolar Injury and Acute Respiratory Disease Syndrome? Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:488-526. [PMID: 34795026 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhaled long-acting β-adrenergic agonists (LABAs) and short-acting β-adrenergic agonists are approved for the treatment of obstructive lung disease via actions mediated by β2 adrenergic receptors (β2-ARs) that increase cellular cAMP synthesis. This review discusses the potential of β2-AR agonists, in particular LABAs, for the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We emphasize ARDS induced by pneumonia and focus on the pathobiology of ARDS and actions of LABAs and cAMP on pulmonary and immune cell types. β2-AR agonists/cAMP have beneficial actions that include protection of epithelial and endothelial cells from injury, restoration of alveolar fluid clearance, and reduction of fibrotic remodeling. β2-AR agonists/cAMP also exert anti-inflammatory effects on the immune system by actions on several types of immune cells. Early administration is likely critical for optimizing efficacy of LABAs or other cAMP-elevating agents, such as agonists of other Gs-coupled G protein-coupled receptors or cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Clinical studies that target lung injury early, prior to development of ARDS, are thus needed to further assess the use of inhaled LABAs, perhaps combined with inhaled corticosteroids and/or long-acting muscarinic cholinergic antagonists. Such agents may provide a multipronged, repurposing, and efficacious therapeutic approach while minimizing systemic toxicity. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) after pulmonary alveolar injury (e.g., certain viral infections) is associated with ∼40% mortality and in need of new therapeutic approaches. This review summarizes the pathobiology of ARDS, focusing on contributions of pulmonary and immune cell types and potentially beneficial actions of β2 adrenergic receptors and cAMP. Early administration of inhaled β2 adrenergic agonists and perhaps other cAMP-elevating agents after alveolar injury may be a prophylactic approach to prevent development of ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Sriram
- Departments of Pharmacology (K.S., P.A.I.) and Medicine (P.A.I.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Medicine (M.B.I.) University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Michael B Insel
- Departments of Pharmacology (K.S., P.A.I.) and Medicine (P.A.I.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Medicine (M.B.I.) University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Paul A Insel
- Departments of Pharmacology (K.S., P.A.I.) and Medicine (P.A.I.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Medicine (M.B.I.) University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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Fukahori S, Kawano T, Obase Y, Iriki J, Tsuchida-Yabe T, Tomari S, Fukushima C, Matsuse H, Mukae H. Comparison of 12-Week Additional Effect Features of Formoterol Co-Inhalation and Tulobuterol Patch on Budesonide Inhalation in Elderly Patients With Asthma. ALLERGY & RHINOLOGY 2020; 11:2152656720980416. [PMID: 33403154 PMCID: PMC7739199 DOI: 10.1177/2152656720980416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background For asthma strategy, to avoid the aggravation of bronchial inflammation and contraction, the long acting beta agonist (LABA) addition on inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) has been recommended. Objectives To know whether there is any clinical difference between the additional efficacies of Formoterol (FOR) and Tulobuterol (TUL) onto Budesonide (BUD) may be useful for the elderly patients' asthma treatment strategy. Methods Eighteen outpatients with mild to moderate bronchial asthma with FEV1.0% < 80% treated by intermediate ICS dosages visited Respiratory Division of Nagasaki University Hospital or Isahaya General Hospital, Japan Community Health care Organization were subjected, and were randomly assigned (9 cases per group) to either the FBC group (BUD/FOR 160/4.5 µg, 2 inhalations twice daily) or BUD + TUL group (BUD 200 mcg: 2 inhalations twice daily + TUL 2 mg daily) and were compared in parallel with 2 arms for 12 weeks prospectively. Peak expiratory flow, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, impulse oscillometry (IOS), fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), Asthma Control Questionnaire, mini-Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (mini-AQLQ), and occurrence of adverse reactions were compared. Results The "Fres" of IOS was improved in FBC group (p = 0.03). The "emotion" domain of mini-AQLQ was improved in BUD + TUL group (p = 0.03). Conclusion By changing the drug formulation, the patch was superior in terms of satisfaction, but it was thought that the inhaled combination was superior in improving the respiratory function itself. It is necessary to pay attention to the characteristics of the patient when selecting treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Fukahori
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kawano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yasushi Obase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Jun Iriki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tomoko Tsuchida-Yabe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shinya Tomari
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Isahaya General Hospital, Japan Community Health Care Organization, Isahaya, Japan
| | - Chizu Fukushima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroto Matsuse
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mukae
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
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Yamaya M, Nishimura H, Deng X, Sugawara M, Watanabe O, Nomura K, Shimotai Y, Momma H, Ichinose M, Kawase T. Inhibitory effects of glycopyrronium, formoterol, and budesonide on coronavirus HCoV-229E replication and cytokine production by primary cultures of human nasal and tracheal epithelial cells. Respir Investig 2020; 58:155-168. [PMID: 32094077 PMCID: PMC7102607 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E), one of the causes of the common cold, exacerbates chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and bronchial asthma. Long-acting muscarinic antagonists and β2-agonists and inhaled corticosteroids inhibit the exacerbation of COPD and bronchial asthma caused by infection with viruses, including HCoV-229E. However, the effects of these drugs on HCoV-229E replication and infection-induced inflammation in the human airway are unknown. METHODS Primary human nasal (HNE) and tracheal (HTE) epithelial cell cultures were infected with HCoV-229E. RESULTS Pretreatment of HNE and HTE cells with glycopyrronium or formoterol decreased viral RNA levels and/or titers, the expression of the HCoV-229E receptor CD13, the number and fluorescence intensity of acidic endosomes where HCoV-229E RNA enters the cytoplasm, and the infection-induced production of cytokines, including IL-6, IL-8, and IFN-β. Treatment of the cells with the CD13 inhibitor 2'2'-dipyridyl decreased viral titers. Pretreatment of the cells with a combination of three drugs (glycopyrronium, formoterol, and budesonide) exerted additive inhibitory effects on viral titers and cytokine production. Pretreatment of HNE cells with glycopyrronium or formoterol reduced the susceptibility to infection, and pretreatment with the three drugs inhibited activation of nuclear factor-kappa B p50 and p65 proteins. Pretreatment with formoterol increased cAMP levels and treatment with cAMP decreased viral titers, CD13 expression, and the fluorescence intensity of acidic endosomes. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that glycopyrronium, formoterol, and a combination of glycopyrronium, formoterol, and budesonide inhibit HCoV-229E replication partly by inhibiting receptor expression and/or endosomal function and that these drugs modulate infection-induced inflammation in the airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutsuo Yamaya
- Department of Advanced Preventive Medicine for Infectious Disease, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Hidekazu Nishimura
- Virus Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Sendai Medical Center, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Xue Deng
- Department of Advanced Preventive Medicine for Infectious Disease, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Mitsuru Sugawara
- Department of Otolaryngology, Tohoku Kosai Hospital, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Oshi Watanabe
- Virus Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Sendai Medical Center, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Nomura
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Yoshitaka Shimotai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan.
| | - Haruki Momma
- Department of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Masakazu Ichinose
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Tetsuaki Kawase
- Laboratory of Rehabilitative Auditory Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan.
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Ağaç D, Gill MA, Farrar JD. Adrenergic Signaling at the Interface of Allergic Asthma and Viral Infections. Front Immunol 2018; 9:736. [PMID: 29696025 PMCID: PMC5904268 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Upper respiratory viral infections are a major etiologic instigator of allergic asthma, and they drive severe exacerbations of allergic inflammation in the lower airways of asthma sufferers. Rhinovirus (RV), in particular, is the main viral instigator of these pathologies. Asthma exacerbations due to RV infections are the most frequent reasons for hospitalization and account for the majority of morbidity and mortality in asthma patients. In both critical care and disease control, long- and short-acting β2-agonists are the first line of therapeutic intervention, which are used to restore airway function by promoting smooth muscle cell relaxation in bronchioles. While prophylactic use of β2-agonists reduces the frequency and pathology of exacerbations, their role in modulating the inflammatory response is only now being appreciated. Adrenergic signaling is a component of the sympathetic nervous system, and the natural ligands, epinephrine and norepinephrine (NE), regulate a multitude of autonomic functions including regulation of both the innate and adaptive immune response. NE is the primary neurotransmitter released by post-ganglionic sympathetic neurons that innervate most all peripheral tissues including lung and secondary lymphoid organs. Thus, the adrenergic signaling pathways are in direct contact with both the central and peripheral immune compartments. We present a perspective on how the adrenergic signaling pathway controls immune function and how β2-agonists may influence inflammation in the context of virus-induced asthma exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Ağaç
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Michelle A Gill
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - J David Farrar
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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Yamaya M, Nomura K, Arakawa K, Nishimura H, Lusamba Kalonji N, Kubo H, Nagatomi R, Kawase T. Increased rhinovirus replication in nasal mucosa cells in allergic subjects is associated with increased ICAM-1 levels and endosomal acidification and is inhibited by L-carbocisteine. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2016; 4:166-181. [PMID: 27957326 PMCID: PMC4879463 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Increased viral replication and cytokine production may be associated with the pathogenesis of asthma attacks in rhinovirus (RV) infections. However, the association between increased RV replication and enhanced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1), a receptor for a major RV group, in airway epithelial cells has remained unclear. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of mucolytics, which have clinical benefits in asthmatic subjects, are uncertain. Human nasal epithelial (HNE) cells were infected with type 14 rhinovirus (RV14), a major RV group. RV14 titers and cytokine concentrations, including interleukin (IL)‐6 and IL‐8, in supernatants, RV14 RNA replication and susceptibility to RV14 infection were higher in HNE cells obtained from subjects in the allergic group (allergic subjects) than in those from subjects in the non‐allergic group (non‐allergic subjects). ICAM‐1 expression and the number and fluorescence intensity of acidic endosomes from which RV14 RNA enters the cytoplasm were higher in HNE cells from allergic subjects, though substantial amounts of interferon (IFN)‐γ and IFN‐λ were not detected in the supernatant. The abundance of p50 and p65 subunits of transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) in nuclear extracts of the cells from allergic subjects was higher compared to non‐allergic subjects, and an inhibitor of NF‐κB, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, reduced the fluorescence intensity of acidic endosomes as well as RV titers and RNA. Furthermore, a mucolytic agent, L‐carbocisteine, reduced RV14 titers and RNA levels, cytokine release, ICAM‐1 expression, the fluorescence intensity of acidic endosomes, and NF‐κB activation. The increased RV14 replication observed in HNE cells from allergic subjects might be partly associated with enhanced ICAM‐1 expression and decreased endosomal pH through NF‐κB activation. L‐Carbocisteine inhibits RV14 infection by reducing ICAM‐1 and acidic endosomes and may, therefore, modulate airway inflammation caused by RV infection in allergic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutsuo Yamaya
- Department of Advanced Preventive Medicine for Infectious Disease Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai 980-8575 Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nomura
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai 980-8575 Japan
| | - Kazuya Arakawa
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai 980-8575 Japan
| | - Hidekazu Nishimura
- Virus Research Center, Clinical Research Division Sendai Medical Center Sendai 983-8520 Japan
| | - Nadine Lusamba Kalonji
- Department of Advanced Preventive Medicine for Infectious Disease Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai 980-8575 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kubo
- Department of Advanced Preventive Medicine for Infectious Disease Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai 980-8575 Japan
| | - Ryoichi Nagatomi
- Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai 980-8575 Japan
| | - Tetsuaki Kawase
- Laboratory of Rehabilitative Auditory Science Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering Sendai 980-8575 Japan
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β2-Adrenergic receptors in immunity and inflammation: stressing NF-κB. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 45:297-310. [PMID: 25459102 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
β2-Adrenergic receptors (β2-ARs) transduce the effects of (nor)epinephrine on a variety of cell types and act as key mediators of the body's reaction to stress. β2-ARs are also expressed on immune cells and there is ample evidence for their role in immunomodulation. A key regulator of the immune response and a target for regulation by stress-induced signals is the transcription factor Nuclear Factor-kappaB (NF-κB). NF-κB shapes the course of both innate and adaptive immune responses and plays an important role in susceptibility to disease. In this review, we summarise the literature that has been accumulated in the past 20years on adrenergic modulation of NF-κB function. We here focus on the molecular basis of the reported interactions and show that both physiological and pharmacological triggers of β2-ARs intersect with the NF-κB signalling cascade at different levels. Importantly, the action of β2-AR-derived signals on NF-κB activity appears to be highly cell type specific and gene selective, providing opportunities for the development of selective NF-κB modulators.
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Saraya T, Kurai D, Ishii H, Ito A, Sasaki Y, Niwa S, Kiyota N, Tsukagoshi H, Kozawa K, Goto H, Takizawa H. Epidemiology of virus-induced asthma exacerbations: with special reference to the role of human rhinovirus. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:226. [PMID: 24904541 PMCID: PMC4033317 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral respiratory infections may be associated with the virus-induced asthma in adults as well as children. Particularly, human rhinovirus is strongly suggested a major candidate for the associations of the virus-induced asthma. Thus, in this review, we reviewed and focused on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of virus-induced asthma with special reference on human rhinovirus. Furthermore, we added our preliminary data regarding the clinical and virological findings in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Saraya
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyorin University Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kurai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyorin University Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruyuki Ishii
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyorin University Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Anri Ito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyorin University Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Sasaki
- Gunma Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences Gunma, Japan
| | - Shoichi Niwa
- Gunma Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences Gunma, Japan
| | - Naoko Kiyota
- Kumamoto Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsukagoshi
- Gunma Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences Gunma, Japan
| | - Kunihisa Kozawa
- Gunma Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences Gunma, Japan
| | - Hajime Goto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyorin University Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Takizawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyorin University Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
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Yamaya M, Nishimura H, Nadine L, Kubo H, Nagatomi R. Formoterol and budesonide inhibit rhinovirus infection and cytokine production in primary cultures of human tracheal epithelial cells. Respir Investig 2014; 52:251-60. [PMID: 24998372 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-acting β(2) agonists (LABAs) and inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) reduce the frequency of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchial asthma. However, inhibitory effects of LABAs and ICSs on the replication of rhinovirus (RV), the major cause of exacerbations, have not been demonstrated. METHODS Primary cultures of human tracheal epithelial cells were infected with a major group RV, type 14 rhinovirus (RV14), to examine the effects of formoterol and budesonide on RV infection and infection-induced airway inflammation. RESULTS Treatment with formoterol and budesonide 72 h before and after RV14 infection reduced RV14 titers and cytokine concentrations, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-8, in supernatants and viral RNA within cells. Formoterol and budesonide reduced mRNA expression and protein concentration of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), the receptor for RV14. Formoterol reduced the number and fluorescence intensity of acidic endosomes through which RV RNA enters the cytoplasm. Formoterol and budesonide reduced the activation of the nuclear factor kappa-B protein p65 in nuclear extracts. The effects of formoterol plus budesonide were additive with respect to RV14 replication, cytokine production, ICAM-1 expression, acidic endosome fluorescence intensity, and p65 activation. The selective β(2)-adrenergic receptor antagonist, ICI 118551 [erythro-dl-1-(7-methylindan-4-yloxy)-3-isopropylaminobutan-2-ol], reversed the inhibitory effects of formoterol on RV14 titers and RNA levels, the susceptibility of cells to RV14 infection, cytokine production, acidic endosomes, ICAM-1 expression, and p65 activation. CONCLUSIONS Formoterol and budesonide may inhibit RV infection by reducing the ICAM-1 levels and/or acidic endosomes and modulate airway inflammation associated with RV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutsuo Yamaya
- Department of Advanced Preventive Medicine for Infectious Disease, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Hidekazu Nishimura
- Virus Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Sendai National Hospital, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Lusamba Nadine
- Department of Advanced Preventive Medicine for Infectious Disease, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Kubo
- Department of Advanced Preventive Medicine for Infectious Disease, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Ryoichi Nagatomi
- Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
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