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Kuznetsova NP, Panarin EF, Gudkin LR, Mishaeva RN. Biologically active polymer systems based on hemoglobin. Russ Chem Bull 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-013-0002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Rembaum A, Yen SPS, Molday RS. Synthesis and Reactions of Hydrophilic Functional Microspheres for Immunological Studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00222337908056677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Tartaj P, Morales MP, Veintemillas-Verdaguer S, Gonzalez-Carreño T, Serna CJ. chapter 5 Synthesis, Properties and Biomedical Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles. HANDBOOK OF MAGNETIC MATERIALS 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-2719(05)16005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Aslamazova T, Bogdanova S. Polymermonomer and polymerpolymer interactions and their effect on the stability of emulsifier-free acrylate latexes. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0927-7757(95)03263-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Arshady R. Microspheres for biomedical applications: preparation of reactive and labelled microspheres. Biomaterials 1993; 14:5-15. [PMID: 7678756 DOI: 10.1016/0142-9612(93)90015-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This review describes the synthesis and physico-chemical properties of reactive and labelled microspheres useful for biomedical applications. Preparation of microspheres with specific functional groups, fluorescent species, radionuclides and magnetite particles (Fe2O3) are discussed. Physico-chemical properties of microspheres, including surface charge and hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, are also briefly covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Arshady
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, UK
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Yoshida M, Asano M, Yokota T, Kumakura M. Active functional copolymeric microspheres based on 1-methacryloxybenzotriazole and N-acryloxysuccinimide. POLYMER 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(90)90136-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Kang Choon Lee, Yoon Joong Lee, Won Bae Kim, Chang Yong Cha. Monoclonal antibody-based targeting of methotrexate-loaded microspheres. Int J Pharm 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0378-5173(90)90061-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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McLeod AD, Lam FC, Gupta PK, Hung CT. Optimized synthesis of polyglutaraldehyde nanoparticles using central composite design. J Pharm Sci 1988; 77:704-10. [PMID: 3145338 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600770813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A central composite design was applied to the optimization of the synthesis of polyglutaraldehyde nanoparticles (PGNP). The effects of monomer concentration, surfactant concentration, pH, oxygen level, and stirring rate on the particle size, polydispersity, surface carboxyl group concentration, and yield of PGNP were investigated. The optimal conditions for the synthesis of PGNP were found to be: 7% (w/v) glutaraldehyde, 2.5% (w/v) dextran, pH 12, 70% (v/v) oxygen, and a stirring rate of 1080 rpm. Under these conditions, the values of the dependent variables adequately resembled those predicted by the model. The usefulness of these particles in the targeted delivery of cytotoxic drugs is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D McLeod
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Rolland A, Merdrignac G, Gouranton J, Bourel D, Le Verge R, Genetet B. Flow cytometric quantitative evaluation of phagocytosis by human mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells using fluorescent nanoparticles. J Immunol Methods 1987; 96:185-93. [PMID: 3805739 DOI: 10.1016/0022-1759(87)90313-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of fluorescent polymethacrylic nanoparticles (0.3 micron) as a flow cytometric reagent in the quantitative evaluation of phagocytosis by human mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells is described. The preparation of the nanoparticles, by emulsion copolymerization of methacrylic monomers, and their physicochemical properties are briefly summarized. Nanoparticles coupled with a fluorescent agent (ethidium bromide) were used in a flow cytometric assay to study opsonin-independent phagocytosis by human polymorphonuclear cells and by human monocytes. The phagocytosis of nanospheres by monocytes was determined by flow cytometry from the fluorescence distribution and ingestion was visualized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. One possible application of the fluorescent nanoparticles is the simultaneous analysis of cell surface antigens and cell phagocytic activity.
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Abstract
Agarose acrobeads were produced by encapsulating polyacrolein microspheres (acrobeads) of 0.2 micron average diameter within an agarose matrix. Crosslinked agarose acrobeads of diameters ranging from 0.5 to 0.8 mm were found to be optimal spheres for specific hemoperfusion purposes. Agarose provides the biocompatibility and mechanical strength of the agarose acrobeads. Acrobeads contain a high aldehyde-group content through which various amino ligands, i.e., proteins, antigens, antibodies, enzymes, and so on, can be covalently bound in a single step under physiological pH (or other pH). Thus, antibodies, antigens, or toxic materials may be directly removed from whole blood by hemoperfusion. During in vitro and in vivo hemoperfusion trials, the content of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes was essentially unaltered. Likewise, a battery of the soluble blood components (Cl-, K+, Na+, Ca2+, PO3/4-), total proteins, albumin, and C'4 component of the complement cascade, as well as the enzymes SGOT, LDH, and alkaline phosphatase, remained constant within narrow limits during the hemoperfusion procedure. The chemical and physical structure of the beads is stable; neither acrolein nor bead fragments were detected in hemoperfusion trials. Similarly, leakage of antibody bound to the agarose acrobeads into the blood is insignificant. Thus far, we have demonstrated the efficacy of the crosslinked agarose acrobeads for extracorporeal removal of "unwanted" substances from whole blood in the following systems: (a) removal of specific antigens (digoxin or paraquat removal with antidigoxin or antiparaquat antibodies bound to the acrobeads, respectively), (b) removal of specific antibody (antiBSA) removal with BSA bound to the beads), (c) removal of immune complexes (BSA-antiBSA complex removal with C1q bound to acrobeads), and (d) removal of specific metals (removal of iron with deferoxamine bound to the agarose acrobeads).
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Marcus L, Mashiah A, Offarim M, Margel S. Extracorporeal removal of specific antibodies by hemoperfusion through the immunosorbent agarose-polyacrolein microsphere beads: removal of anti-bovine serum albumin in animals. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH 1984; 18:1153-67. [PMID: 6400018 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.820180916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We describe the production of a unique immunosorbent system, agarose-polyacrolein microsphere beads (APAMB) for removal of a specific antibody, anti BSA, and its efficacy in animal trials. This is a model system for hemoperfusive removal of specific antibodies or antigens directly from whole blood. The agarose beads (1.0 mm mean diameter) contain thousands of microspheres of 0.2 micron mean diameter. The microspheres which contain the ligand are encapsulated within an agarose matrix to confer physical strength, biocompatibility, spacial configuration, and porosity allowing rapid entry of plasma for reaction. Any antigen may be linked covalently to spacers on the polyacrolein microspheres to remove a specific antibody, or vice versa. Thus the APAMB remove specific molecules in contrast to the charcoal or ion exchange resins currently in use. Removal of antibody is efficient and rapid, therefore, short hemoperfusive times may be used. The beads are biocompatible; there are negligible decreases in RBC, WBC and platelets. Electrolytes and other soluble components also are minimally affected. Therapy, at the least palliative, of autoimmune disorders i.e., multiple myeloma, macroglobinemia, autohemolytic anemias, idiopathic thrombocytopenia, myasthenia gravis, rheumatoid arthritis, thyroiditis, glomerulonephritis, etc, is potentially available with this or its further improved versions.
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Kumakura M, Kaetsu I. Polymeric microspheres for immunoresearch. IMMUNOLOGICAL COMMUNICATIONS 1984; 13:119-25. [PMID: 6430788 DOI: 10.3109/08820138409025455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
New microspheres having functional aldehyde groups have been prepared by radiation polymerization of acrolein solution containing hydroxyethyl methacrylate and glutalardehyde. The size distribution in the microspheres was narrow and average particle diameter was 1 - 2 micron. The binding ability of the microspheres to antigen increased by increasing the concentration of glutalardehyde. The preparation procedure of the microspheres is simple. The microspheres can be used for immunoresearch.
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Margel S. Agarose-polyaldehyde microsphere beads: synthesis and biomedical applications. Cell labeling, cell separation, affinity chromatography, and hemoperfusion. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 1983; 8:523-39. [PMID: 6435519 DOI: 10.1007/bf02780385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Polyaldehyde microspheres, polyglutaraldehyde (PGL), and polyacrolein (PA) were synthesized by polymerizing glutaraldehyde and acrolein in the presence of an appropriate surfactant. The microspheres with average diameter of 0.2 micron were used for the specific labeling of human red blood cells (RBC) and mouse lymphocytes. The "naked" microspheres were encapsulated with agarose and formed agarose-polyaldehyde microsphere beads in sizes ranging from 50 microns up to 1 cm. The encapsulated beads, with diameters ranging from 50 to 150 microns were used as insoluble adsorbents for affinity purification of antibodies. Beads with diameters varied from 150 to 250 microns were used for cell fractionation purposes (mouse B splenocytes from T splenocytes). Uniform beads of 1 mm diameter were designed for hemoperfusion purposes. As a model, the removal in vitro of anti-BSA from immunized goat whole blood was studied.
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Kumakura M, Kaetsu I, Suzuki M, Adachi S. Immobilization of antibodies and enzyme-labeled antibodies by radiation polymerization. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 1983; 8:87-96. [PMID: 6206794 DOI: 10.1007/bf02778089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Immobilization of antibodies and enzyme-labeled antibodies by radiation polymerization at low temperatures was studied. The antibody activity of antibody was not affected by irradiation at an irradiation dose of below 8 MR and low temperatures. Immobilization of peroxidase-labeled anti-rabbit IgG goat IgG, anti-peroxidase, peroxidase, and anti-alpha-fetoprotein was carried out with hydrophilic and hydrophobic monomers. The activity of the immobilized enzyme-labeled antibody membranes varied with the thickness of the membranes and increased with decreasing membrane thickness. The activity of the immobilized antibody particles was varied by particle size. Immobilized anti-alpha-fetoprotein particles and membranes can be used for the assay of alpha-fetoprotein by the antigen-antibody reaction, such as a solid-phase sandwich method with high sensitivity.
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Margel S, Offarim M. Novel effective immunoadsorbents based on agarose-polyaldehyde microsphere beads: synthesis and affinity chromatography. Anal Biochem 1983; 128:342-50. [PMID: 6846811 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(83)90384-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Agarose-polyaldehyde microsphere beads were produced by encapsulating polyacrolein microspheres or polyglutaraldehyde microspheres with agarose. Magnetic beads were formed by carrying out the encapsulation procedure in the presence of ferrofluidic particles. Proteins were bound covalently, at physiological pH, to the beads through their aldehyde groups to produce the Schiff base products. The conjugates, beads-proteins, were used successfully in affinity chromatography for specific purification of antibodies. Leaching of the proteins bound to the beads under physiological conditions and eluting conditions was not detected. The agarose-polyaldehyde microsphere beads are suggested as alternatives to the supports currently used in affinity chromatography.
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Margel S, Hirsh J. Chelation of mercury by polymercaptal microspheres: new potential antidote for mercury poisoning. J Pharm Sci 1982; 71:1030-4. [PMID: 7131269 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600710919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Newly synthesized polymercaptal microspheres of 0.8 +/- 0.02 micron were shown to have a specific and fast intake of mercury compounds over a whole range of pH while maintaining low toxicity. The microspheres bind easily with mercury compounds which are already bound to the biological mercury binders, albumin or cysteine. Mercury was recovered completely from the microspheres by using a solution of thiourea in hydrochloric acid. Due to their high surface area, low toxicity, and strong affinity toward mercury compounds, the microspheres have a potential use as a new oral drug for treatment in cases of mercury poisoning.
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Marcus L, Offarim M, Margel S. A new immunoadsorbent for hemoperfusion: agarose-polyacrolein microspheres beads. I. In vitro studies. BIOMATERIALS, MEDICAL DEVICES, AND ARTIFICIAL ORGANS 1982; 10:157-71. [PMID: 7159667 DOI: 10.3109/10731198209118778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The development and properties of a novel adsorbent system consisting of polyacrolein microspheres encapsulated in agarose is described. In the model system, the microspheres contain covalently bound bovine serum albumin. In practice any protein or ligands with primary amino groups may be covalently bound. Circulating antibovine serum albumin antibodies were adsorbed from whole blood or serum of rabbits or goats onto the microspheres. The capacity of this batch is 10 mg antibody adsorbed/gm wet weight beads. When the column is operated at less than capacity, 50%, 70%, 90% and 95% of the anti BSA is adsorbed in 30, 60, 120 and 180 min, respectively. Thus, relatively short periods of hemoperfusion may be used. The beads are biocompatible. There are negligible decreases of RBC; up to a 10% decrease of WBC and up to a 20% decrease of platelets in 3 hrs. The beads are stable; neither breakdown nor leakage was observed over a period of 3 months. High flow rates were readily obtained. The mean diameter of the microspheres is 0.2 mu; the mean diameter of the agarose polyacrolein microspheres beads (APAMB) is 1.0 mm. We can produce monodisperse beads of any given diameter ranging from 200 mu to 1 cm.
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Margel S, Beitler U, Ofarim M. A novel synthesis of polyacrolein microspheres and their application for cell labeling and cell separation. IMMUNOLOGICAL COMMUNICATIONS 1981; 10:567-75. [PMID: 7333638 DOI: 10.3109/08820138109050710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A novel method for the synthesis of polyacrolein microspheres with fluorescent or magnetic properties is described. These microspheres carry reactive aldehyde groups on their surface, which are used for covalent binding of various proteins at physiological pH. Polyacrolein microspheres may be used as a simple tool for cell labeling and cell separation. The feasibility of specific labeling of fresh human red blood cells and of the separation of human red blood cells from turkey red blood cells by means of a magnetic field is discussed.
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