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Li X, Fan J, Chen Y, Xie X, Liu C, Yin Y, Kou J, Wu L, Chen Z. The structure and performance study of PP random impact resistance copolymer. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04187-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Bláha M, Bouša M, Valeš V, Frank O, Kalbáč M. Two-Dimensional CVD-Graphene/Polyaniline Supercapacitors: Synthesis Strategy and Electrochemical Operation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:34686-34695. [PMID: 34270890 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanocomposites of graphene materials and conducting polymers have been extensively studied as promising materials for electrodes of supercapacitors. Here, we present a graphene/polyaniline heterostructure consisting of a CVD-graphene and polyaniline monolayer and its electrochemical operation in a supercapacitor. The synthesis employs functionalization of graphene by p-phenylene sulfonic groups and oxidative polymerization of anilinium by ammonium persulfate under reaction conditions, providing no bulk polyaniline. Scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy showed the selective formation of polyaniline on the graphene. In situ Raman spectroelectrochemistry and cyclic voltammetry (both in a microdroplet setup) confirm the reversibility of polyaniline redox transitions and graphene electrochemical doping. After an increase within the initial 200 cycles due to the formation of benzoquinone-hydroquinone defects in polyaniline, the specific areal capacitance remained for 2400 cycles with ±1% retention at 21.2 μF cm-2, one order of magnitude higher than the capacitance of pristine graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Bláha
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, CZ-182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Bouša
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, CZ-182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Valeš
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, CZ-182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Otakar Frank
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, CZ-182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kalbáč
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, CZ-182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
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Santos MC, Bizeto MA, Camilo FF. Polyaniline–niobium oxide nanohybrids with photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj06215d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we reported the production of polyaniline and niobium oxide hybrids synthesized by the direct reaction between a niobium peroxyoxalate complex and anilinium salt in an aqueous medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marconi C. Santos
- Departamento de Química
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais
- Químicas e Farmacêuticas
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo
- Diadema
| | - Marcos A. Bizeto
- Departamento de Química
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais
- Químicas e Farmacêuticas
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo
- Diadema
| | - Fernanda F. Camilo
- Departamento de Química
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais
- Químicas e Farmacêuticas
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo
- Diadema
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Bláha M, Marek F, Morávková Z, Svoboda J, Brus J, Dybal J, Prokeš J, Varga M, Stejskal J. Role of p-Benzoquinone in the Synthesis of a Conducting Polymer, Polyaniline. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:7128-7139. [PMID: 31459822 PMCID: PMC6648476 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polyaniline (PANI) and 2,5-dianilino-p-benzoquinone both are formed by oxidation of aniline in an acidic aqueous environment. The aim of this study is to understand the impact of addition of p-benzoquinone on the structure of PANI prepared by the oxidation of aniline hydrochloride with ammonium peroxydisulfate and to elucidate the formation of low-molecular-weight byproducts. An increasing yield and size-exclusion chromatography, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses of the products show that p-benzoquinone does not act as a terminating agent in the synthesis of PANI and the content of 2,5-dianilino-p-benzoquinone increases with the increasing molar concentration of p-benzoquinone in the reaction mixture, [BzQ]. Regarding the structure of PANI, Raman and UV-visible spectra show that the doping level and the charge delocalization both decrease with the increase of [BzQ], and the FTIR spectra of the PANI bases indicate an increased concentration of benzenoid units at higher [BzQ]. We explain these observations by an increasing concentration of structural defects in PANI chains and propose a 2,5-dianilino-p-benzoquinone-like structure of these defects present as pendant groups. The bands typical of 2,5-dianilino-p-benzoquinone-like moiety are observed even in the vibrational spectra of the sample prepared without addition of p-benzoquinone. This confirms in situ oxidation of aniline to p-benzoquinone within the course of the oxidation of aniline hydrochloride to PANI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Bláha
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy
of Sciences, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Marek
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy
of Sciences, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Morávková
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy
of Sciences, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Svoboda
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy
of Sciences, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Brus
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy
of Sciences, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Dybal
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy
of Sciences, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Prokeš
- Faculty
of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Varga
- Faculty
of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Stejskal
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy
of Sciences, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Kashima K, Fujisaki T, Serrano-Luginbühl S, Kissner R, Janošević Ležaić A, Bajuk-Bogdanović D, Ćirić-Marjanović G, Busato S, Ishikawa T, Walde P. Effect of Template Type on the Trametes versicolor Laccase-Catalyzed Oligomerization of the Aniline Dimer p-Aminodiphenylamine (PADPA). ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:2931-2947. [PMID: 31459521 PMCID: PMC6648283 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Many previous studies have shown that (i) the oxidation of aniline or the aniline dimer p-aminodiphenylamine (PADPA) in a slightly acidic aqueous solution can be catalyzed with heme peroxidases or multicopper laccases and that (ii) subsequent reactions lead to oligomeric or polymeric products, which resemble chemically synthesized polyaniline in its conductive emeraldine salt form (PANI-ES), provided that (iii) an anionic "template" is present in the reaction medium. Good templates are anionic polyelectrolytes, micelles, or vesicles. Under optimal conditions, their presence directs the reactions in a positive way toward the desired formation of PANI-ES-type products. The effect of four different types of anionic templates on the formation of PANI-ES-like products from PADPA was investigated and compared by using Trametes versicolor laccase (TvL) as a catalyst in an aqueous pH 3.5 solution at room temperature. All four templates contain sulfonate groups: the sodium salt of the polyelectrolyte sulfonated polystyrene (SPS), micelles from sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS), vesicles from a 1:1 molar mixture of SDBS and decanoic acid, and vesicles from sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT). Although with all four templates, stable, inkjet-printable solutions or suspensions consisting of PANI-ES-type products were obtained under optimized conditions, considerably higher amounts of TvL were required with SDBS micelles to achieve comparable monomer conversion to PANI-ES-like products during the same time period when compared to those with SPS or the two types of vesicles. This makes SDBS micelles less attractive as templates for the investigated reaction. In situ UV/vis/near-infrared, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and Raman spectroscopy measurements in combination with an high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of extracted reaction products, which were deprotonated and chemically reduced, showed seemingly small but significant differences in the composition of the mixtures obtained when reaching reaction equilibrium after 24 h. With the two vesicle systems, the content of unwanted substituted phenazine units was lower than in the case of SPS polyelectrolyte and SDBS micelles. The EPR spectra indicate a more localized, narrower distribution of electronic states of the paramagnetic centers of the PANI-ES-type products synthesized in the presence of the two vesicle systems when compared to that of the similar products obtained with the SPS polyelectrolyte and SDBS micelles as templates. Overall, the data obtained from the different complementary methods indicate that with the two vesicle systems structurally more uniform (regular) PANI-ES-type products formed. Among the two investigated vesicle systems, for the investigated reaction (oxidation of PADPA with TvL and O2), AOT appears a somewhat better choice as it leads to a higher content of the PANI-ES polaron form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Kashima
- Department
of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Department
of Materials Chemistry and Bioengineering, National Institute of Technology, Oyama College, 771 Nakakuki, Oyama, Tochigi 323-0806, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Fujisaki
- Department
of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Department
of Materials Chemistry and Bioengineering, National Institute of Technology, Oyama College, 771 Nakakuki, Oyama, Tochigi 323-0806, Japan
| | | | - Reinhard Kissner
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Danica Bajuk-Bogdanović
- Faculty
of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana Ćirić-Marjanović
- Faculty
of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Stephan Busato
- Department
of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Takashi Ishikawa
- Department
of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institute (PSI), CH-5231 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Peter Walde
- Department
of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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Fujisaki T, Kashima K, Serrano-Luginbühl S, Kissner R, Bajuk-Bogdanović D, Milojević-Rakić M, Ćirić-Marjanović G, Busato S, Lizundia E, Walde P. Effect of template type on the preparation of the emeraldine salt form of polyaniline (PANI-ES) with horseradish peroxidase isoenzyme C (HRPC) and hydrogen peroxide. RSC Adv 2019; 9:33080-33095. [PMID: 35529127 PMCID: PMC9073176 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06168a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Horseradish peroxidase isoenzyme C (HRPC) is often used as catalyst for the preparation of the conductive emeraldine salt form of polyaniline (PANI-ES) from aniline and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the presence of anionic templates in aqueous solution. Here, a direct comparison of three types of soft templates was made, (i) the sodium salt of sulfonated polystyrene (SPS), (ii) micelles from sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS), and (iii) vesicles from either a 1 : 1 molar mixture of SDBS and decanoic acid or from AOT (sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate). Based on UV/vis/NIR, EPR and Raman spectroscopy measurements all three types of templates are similarly suitable, with advantages of the two vesicle systems in terms of aniline conversion degree and radical content in the final PANI-ES product. First experiments with sulfated cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) indicate that they are promising rigid templates for the preparation of electroconductive PANI-ES-coated cellulose materials or devices. Different types of templates consisting of sulfonate or sulfate groups were compared for the horseradish peroxidase/H2O2-catalysed synthesis of the emeraldine salt form of polyaniline from aniline at pH = 4.3.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Fujisaki
- Department of Materials
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials
- ETH Zurich
- 8093 Zürich
- Switzerland
| | - Keita Kashima
- Department of Materials
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials
- ETH Zurich
- 8093 Zürich
- Switzerland
| | | | - Reinhard Kissner
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry
- 8093 Zürich
- Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Stephan Busato
- Department of Materials
- Laboratory for Soft Materials
- ETH Zurich
- 8093 Zürich
- Switzerland
| | - Erlantz Lizundia
- Department of Materials
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials
- ETH Zurich
- 8093 Zürich
- Switzerland
| | - Peter Walde
- Department of Materials
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials
- ETH Zurich
- 8093 Zürich
- Switzerland
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